Understanding m 6 A Function Through Uncovering the Diversity Roles of YTH Domain-Containing Proteins

Abstract

N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) is the most abundant—internal modification of eukaryotic mRNA. m⁶A can be installed and removed by specific enzymes. The "writer," "eraser," and "reader" of m⁶A modification have been reported. These discoveries facilitate our understanding of the functional significance of m⁶A. m⁶A plays an essential role in diverse biological processes by recruiting the corresponding YTH domain-containing proteins, as well as recruiting additional translation initiation factors. Here, we provide an update on the various aspects of YTH domain-containing proteins, including an introduction to the YTH domain, the categories, distribution in cells, and biological roles of YTH proteins. Then we focus on the mechanisms that YTH proteins recognize m⁶A and mediate the fate of methylated-RNAs in eukaryotic cells.

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