OtoRhinoLaryngology by Sfakianakis G.Alexandros Sfakianakis G.Alexandros,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,tel : 00302841026182,00306932607174
Τρίτη 25 Απριλίου 2017
Speech Detection in Noise for Young Bilaterally Implanted Children: Is There Evidence of Binaural Benefit Over the Shadowed Ear Alone?.
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Speech Detection in Noise for Young Bilaterally Implanted Children: Is There Evidence of Binaural Benefit Over the Shadowed Ear Alone?.
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Speech Detection in Noise for Young Bilaterally Implanted Children: Is There Evidence of Binaural Benefit Over the Shadowed Ear Alone?.
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Cochlear Implantation in Adults With Asymmetric Hearing Loss: Benefits of Bimodal Stimulation.
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Preliminary Model for the Design of a Custom Middle Ear Prosthesis.
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Wideband acoustic immittance in children with Down syndrome: prediction of middle-ear dysfunction, conductive hearing loss and patent PE tubes.
Related Articles |
Wideband acoustic immittance in children with Down syndrome: prediction of middle-ear dysfunction, conductive hearing loss and patent PE tubes.
Int J Audiol. 2017 Apr 22;:1-13
Authors: Hunter LL, Keefe DH, Feeney MP, Brown DK, Meinzen-Derr J, Elsayed AM, Amann JM, Manickam V, Fitzpatrick D, Shott SR
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate pressurised wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) tests in children with Down syndrome (DS) and in typically developing children (TD) for prediction of conductive hearing loss (CHL) and patency of pressure equalising tubes (PETs).
DESIGN: Audiologic diagnosis was determined by audiometry in combination with distortion-product otoacoustic emissions, 0.226 kHz tympanometry and otoscopy. WAI results were compared for ears within diagnostic categories (Normal, CHL and PET) and between groups (TD and DS).
STUDY SAMPLE: Children with DS (n = 40; mean age 6.4 years), and TD children (n = 48; mean age 5.1 years) were included.
RESULTS: Wideband absorbance was significantly lower at 1-4 kHz in ears with CHL compared to NH for both TD and DS groups. In ears with patent PETs, wideband absorbance and group delay (GD) were larger than in ears without PETs between 0.25 and 1.5 kHz. Wideband absorbance tests were performed similarly for prediction of CHL and patent PETs in TD and DS groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Wideband absorbance and GD revealed specific patterns in both TD children and those with DS that can assist in detection of the presence of significant CHL, assess the patency of PETs, and provide frequency-specific information in the audiometric range.
PMID: 28434272 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Wideband acoustic immittance in children with Down syndrome: prediction of middle-ear dysfunction, conductive hearing loss and patent PE tubes.
Related Articles |
Wideband acoustic immittance in children with Down syndrome: prediction of middle-ear dysfunction, conductive hearing loss and patent PE tubes.
Int J Audiol. 2017 Apr 22;:1-13
Authors: Hunter LL, Keefe DH, Feeney MP, Brown DK, Meinzen-Derr J, Elsayed AM, Amann JM, Manickam V, Fitzpatrick D, Shott SR
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate pressurised wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) tests in children with Down syndrome (DS) and in typically developing children (TD) for prediction of conductive hearing loss (CHL) and patency of pressure equalising tubes (PETs).
DESIGN: Audiologic diagnosis was determined by audiometry in combination with distortion-product otoacoustic emissions, 0.226 kHz tympanometry and otoscopy. WAI results were compared for ears within diagnostic categories (Normal, CHL and PET) and between groups (TD and DS).
STUDY SAMPLE: Children with DS (n = 40; mean age 6.4 years), and TD children (n = 48; mean age 5.1 years) were included.
RESULTS: Wideband absorbance was significantly lower at 1-4 kHz in ears with CHL compared to NH for both TD and DS groups. In ears with patent PETs, wideband absorbance and group delay (GD) were larger than in ears without PETs between 0.25 and 1.5 kHz. Wideband absorbance tests were performed similarly for prediction of CHL and patent PETs in TD and DS groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Wideband absorbance and GD revealed specific patterns in both TD children and those with DS that can assist in detection of the presence of significant CHL, assess the patency of PETs, and provide frequency-specific information in the audiometric range.
PMID: 28434272 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Wideband acoustic immittance in children with Down syndrome: prediction of middle-ear dysfunction, conductive hearing loss and patent PE tubes.
Related Articles |
Wideband acoustic immittance in children with Down syndrome: prediction of middle-ear dysfunction, conductive hearing loss and patent PE tubes.
Int J Audiol. 2017 Apr 22;:1-13
Authors: Hunter LL, Keefe DH, Feeney MP, Brown DK, Meinzen-Derr J, Elsayed AM, Amann JM, Manickam V, Fitzpatrick D, Shott SR
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate pressurised wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) tests in children with Down syndrome (DS) and in typically developing children (TD) for prediction of conductive hearing loss (CHL) and patency of pressure equalising tubes (PETs).
DESIGN: Audiologic diagnosis was determined by audiometry in combination with distortion-product otoacoustic emissions, 0.226 kHz tympanometry and otoscopy. WAI results were compared for ears within diagnostic categories (Normal, CHL and PET) and between groups (TD and DS).
STUDY SAMPLE: Children with DS (n = 40; mean age 6.4 years), and TD children (n = 48; mean age 5.1 years) were included.
RESULTS: Wideband absorbance was significantly lower at 1-4 kHz in ears with CHL compared to NH for both TD and DS groups. In ears with patent PETs, wideband absorbance and group delay (GD) were larger than in ears without PETs between 0.25 and 1.5 kHz. Wideband absorbance tests were performed similarly for prediction of CHL and patent PETs in TD and DS groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Wideband absorbance and GD revealed specific patterns in both TD children and those with DS that can assist in detection of the presence of significant CHL, assess the patency of PETs, and provide frequency-specific information in the audiometric range.
PMID: 28434272 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Wideband acoustic immittance in children with Down syndrome: prediction of middle-ear dysfunction, conductive hearing loss and patent PE tubes.
Related Articles |
Wideband acoustic immittance in children with Down syndrome: prediction of middle-ear dysfunction, conductive hearing loss and patent PE tubes.
Int J Audiol. 2017 Apr 22;:1-13
Authors: Hunter LL, Keefe DH, Feeney MP, Brown DK, Meinzen-Derr J, Elsayed AM, Amann JM, Manickam V, Fitzpatrick D, Shott SR
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate pressurised wideband acoustic immittance (WAI) tests in children with Down syndrome (DS) and in typically developing children (TD) for prediction of conductive hearing loss (CHL) and patency of pressure equalising tubes (PETs).
DESIGN: Audiologic diagnosis was determined by audiometry in combination with distortion-product otoacoustic emissions, 0.226 kHz tympanometry and otoscopy. WAI results were compared for ears within diagnostic categories (Normal, CHL and PET) and between groups (TD and DS).
STUDY SAMPLE: Children with DS (n = 40; mean age 6.4 years), and TD children (n = 48; mean age 5.1 years) were included.
RESULTS: Wideband absorbance was significantly lower at 1-4 kHz in ears with CHL compared to NH for both TD and DS groups. In ears with patent PETs, wideband absorbance and group delay (GD) were larger than in ears without PETs between 0.25 and 1.5 kHz. Wideband absorbance tests were performed similarly for prediction of CHL and patent PETs in TD and DS groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Wideband absorbance and GD revealed specific patterns in both TD children and those with DS that can assist in detection of the presence of significant CHL, assess the patency of PETs, and provide frequency-specific information in the audiometric range.
PMID: 28434272 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Undesirable properties of the dimensionless normalisation for spatio-temporal variables
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 55
Author(s): Kohleth Chia, Morgan Sangeux
We used theory and empirical data to demonstrate three undesirable properties of the dimensionless normalisation technique for gait spatio-temporal parameters. Firstly, it may not fully remove the correlation between leg length and spatio-temporal parameters. Secondly, it induces spurious correlation among spatio-temporal parameters, which might obscure their true correlation structure. Thirdly, it induces spurious correlation with external covariates, which complicates further statistical modelling. Therefore, depending on the objectives, we propose alternatives. If the objective is to compare datasets but remove the confounding effect of leg length, residualisation may be an alternative, although the generalisability of the residualisation is less well established than dimensionless normalisation. If the objective is to build a regression model, the raw spatio-temporal parameters could be used with leg length, or a function of leg length, as an explicit regressor to avoid spurious correlation. If correlation is the objective, partial correlation can be used instead.
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Kinematic gait pattern in children with cerebral palsy and leg length discrepancy: Effects of an extra sole
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 55
Author(s): Meta N. Eek, Roland Zügner, Ingibjörg Stefansdottir, Roy Tranberg
The gait pattern in children with cerebral palsy (CP) often differs from normal, with slow velocity, problem with foot clearance and increased stress on joints. Several factors, such as muscle tone, impaired motor control, muscle contractures, skeletal deformities and leg length discrepancy affect gait. Leg length discrepancy can be treated surgically or with elevation of the shoe on the short leg. The purpose of this study was to examine whether compensating for leg length discrepancy, with elevation of the sole, leads to a change in movement pattern during walking in children with spastic CP. Results: Ten children with spastic CP, able to walk without aids, and 10 typically developing (TD) children aged between seven and 14 years were assessed with 3D gait analysis: 1) barefoot, 2) with shoes and 3) with an extra sole beneath the shoe for the shorter leg. All children with CP had a leg length discrepancy of more than or equal to 1.0cm. In the barefoot condition, the velocity was slower and the stride length was shorter, in children with CP compared with TD. The stride length and gait velocity increased in children with CP with shoes and shoe+sole and the stance time became more symmetrical. Among children with CP, there was more flexion in the longer leg relative to the short leg during barefoot walking. Differences in the kinematic pattern between the long and the short leg decreased with the extra sole.
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Balance training in individuals with Parkinson’s disease: Therapist-supervised vs. home-based exercise programme
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 55
Author(s): Elizabeth Maria Atterbury, Karen Estelle Welman
BackgroundPoor locomotion and balance in Parkinson’s disease (PD) often diminishes independence. Accordingly, gait is considered one of the most relevant rehabilitation outcomes, and home-based balance exercises might be a viable mode of exercise delivery for individuals with PD. However, research on PD interventions rarely indicate best practices to deliver exercises. Therefore, this study endeavoured to compare the efficacy of a home-based and therapist-supervised balance programme on gait parameters, dynamic balance, balance confidence and motivation in individuals diagnosed with PD.MethodsAn experimental study design, including a cluster randomized convenience sample, of 40 participants with idiopathic PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage I–III; age: 65.0±7.7years). Participants were divided into a therapist-supervised (n=24) and home-based group (n=16). Groups received either eight weeks of balance training with an exercise therapist or a DVD. Outcome measures include the instrumented Timed-Up-and-Go, Functional Gait Analysis (FGA), Activity-specific Balance confidence (ABC) scale and Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI).ResultsBoth groups improved in stride length (p<0.05). Similar FGA improved by 9% and 16% in the therapist-supervised and home-based group, respectively (p<0.01). Only the therapist-supervised group showed improvements in ABC (p=0.051), stride velocity (p=0.0006) and cadence (p=0.046) over the intervention; the latter two were also better compared to home-based (p<0.05). Furthermore the therapist-supervised group were more motivated (p=002).ConclusionThe home-based balance programme was effective in improving some aspects of gait, albeit the programme supervised by an exercise therapist included somewhat more benefits after the intervention i.e. stride velocity and cadence in individuals with mild to moderate PD.
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Speed dependent effects of laterally wedged insoles on gait biomechanics in healthy subjects
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 55
Author(s): Felix Kluge, Sebastian Krinner, Matthias Lochmann, Bjoern M. Eskofier
Laterally wedged insoles have been shown to be effective for the reduction of the knee adduction moment and other biomechanical variables that are associated with the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis. However, inconclusive results such as adverse effects in individual subjects or even no group-wise wedge effects have been presented in different studies and it has been suggested to identify variables that potentially confound the wedge effect. The main objective of this study was the investigation of interaction effects of lateral wedges with walking speed, as different self-selected speeds have mainly been used in previous studies.Twenty-two healthy subjects completed gait analysis trials on an instrumented treadmill. They walked in different speed conditions (0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5m/s) with a neutral and a laterally wedged insole. Kinematics were acquired using infrared cinematography with reflective markers attached to the lower body. From the stance phase we extracted biomechanical parameters that are associated with knee joint loading and osteoarthritis severity.No interaction effect of lateral wedges and speed was observed for most biomechanical parameters except for the ankle eversion range of motion. The main effects of wedges were reductions of the external knee adduction moment and of the knee adduction angular impulse. All biomechanical variables changed with increasing speed. Only the lateral offset of the center of pressure did not respond to wedge or to speed changes.Our results suggest that different self-selected speeds do not confound the effect of laterally wedged insoles.
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Undesirable properties of the dimensionless normalisation for spatio-temporal variables
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 55
Author(s): Kohleth Chia, Morgan Sangeux
We used theory and empirical data to demonstrate three undesirable properties of the dimensionless normalisation technique for gait spatio-temporal parameters. Firstly, it may not fully remove the correlation between leg length and spatio-temporal parameters. Secondly, it induces spurious correlation among spatio-temporal parameters, which might obscure their true correlation structure. Thirdly, it induces spurious correlation with external covariates, which complicates further statistical modelling. Therefore, depending on the objectives, we propose alternatives. If the objective is to compare datasets but remove the confounding effect of leg length, residualisation may be an alternative, although the generalisability of the residualisation is less well established than dimensionless normalisation. If the objective is to build a regression model, the raw spatio-temporal parameters could be used with leg length, or a function of leg length, as an explicit regressor to avoid spurious correlation. If correlation is the objective, partial correlation can be used instead.
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Kinematic gait pattern in children with cerebral palsy and leg length discrepancy: Effects of an extra sole
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 55
Author(s): Meta N. Eek, Roland Zügner, Ingibjörg Stefansdottir, Roy Tranberg
The gait pattern in children with cerebral palsy (CP) often differs from normal, with slow velocity, problem with foot clearance and increased stress on joints. Several factors, such as muscle tone, impaired motor control, muscle contractures, skeletal deformities and leg length discrepancy affect gait. Leg length discrepancy can be treated surgically or with elevation of the shoe on the short leg. The purpose of this study was to examine whether compensating for leg length discrepancy, with elevation of the sole, leads to a change in movement pattern during walking in children with spastic CP. Results: Ten children with spastic CP, able to walk without aids, and 10 typically developing (TD) children aged between seven and 14 years were assessed with 3D gait analysis: 1) barefoot, 2) with shoes and 3) with an extra sole beneath the shoe for the shorter leg. All children with CP had a leg length discrepancy of more than or equal to 1.0cm. In the barefoot condition, the velocity was slower and the stride length was shorter, in children with CP compared with TD. The stride length and gait velocity increased in children with CP with shoes and shoe+sole and the stance time became more symmetrical. Among children with CP, there was more flexion in the longer leg relative to the short leg during barefoot walking. Differences in the kinematic pattern between the long and the short leg decreased with the extra sole.
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Balance training in individuals with Parkinson’s disease: Therapist-supervised vs. home-based exercise programme
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 55
Author(s): Elizabeth Maria Atterbury, Karen Estelle Welman
BackgroundPoor locomotion and balance in Parkinson’s disease (PD) often diminishes independence. Accordingly, gait is considered one of the most relevant rehabilitation outcomes, and home-based balance exercises might be a viable mode of exercise delivery for individuals with PD. However, research on PD interventions rarely indicate best practices to deliver exercises. Therefore, this study endeavoured to compare the efficacy of a home-based and therapist-supervised balance programme on gait parameters, dynamic balance, balance confidence and motivation in individuals diagnosed with PD.MethodsAn experimental study design, including a cluster randomized convenience sample, of 40 participants with idiopathic PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage I–III; age: 65.0±7.7years). Participants were divided into a therapist-supervised (n=24) and home-based group (n=16). Groups received either eight weeks of balance training with an exercise therapist or a DVD. Outcome measures include the instrumented Timed-Up-and-Go, Functional Gait Analysis (FGA), Activity-specific Balance confidence (ABC) scale and Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI).ResultsBoth groups improved in stride length (p<0.05). Similar FGA improved by 9% and 16% in the therapist-supervised and home-based group, respectively (p<0.01). Only the therapist-supervised group showed improvements in ABC (p=0.051), stride velocity (p=0.0006) and cadence (p=0.046) over the intervention; the latter two were also better compared to home-based (p<0.05). Furthermore the therapist-supervised group were more motivated (p=002).ConclusionThe home-based balance programme was effective in improving some aspects of gait, albeit the programme supervised by an exercise therapist included somewhat more benefits after the intervention i.e. stride velocity and cadence in individuals with mild to moderate PD.
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Speed dependent effects of laterally wedged insoles on gait biomechanics in healthy subjects
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 55
Author(s): Felix Kluge, Sebastian Krinner, Matthias Lochmann, Bjoern M. Eskofier
Laterally wedged insoles have been shown to be effective for the reduction of the knee adduction moment and other biomechanical variables that are associated with the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis. However, inconclusive results such as adverse effects in individual subjects or even no group-wise wedge effects have been presented in different studies and it has been suggested to identify variables that potentially confound the wedge effect. The main objective of this study was the investigation of interaction effects of lateral wedges with walking speed, as different self-selected speeds have mainly been used in previous studies.Twenty-two healthy subjects completed gait analysis trials on an instrumented treadmill. They walked in different speed conditions (0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5m/s) with a neutral and a laterally wedged insole. Kinematics were acquired using infrared cinematography with reflective markers attached to the lower body. From the stance phase we extracted biomechanical parameters that are associated with knee joint loading and osteoarthritis severity.No interaction effect of lateral wedges and speed was observed for most biomechanical parameters except for the ankle eversion range of motion. The main effects of wedges were reductions of the external knee adduction moment and of the knee adduction angular impulse. All biomechanical variables changed with increasing speed. Only the lateral offset of the center of pressure did not respond to wedge or to speed changes.Our results suggest that different self-selected speeds do not confound the effect of laterally wedged insoles.
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Undesirable properties of the dimensionless normalisation for spatio-temporal variables
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 55
Author(s): Kohleth Chia, Morgan Sangeux
We used theory and empirical data to demonstrate three undesirable properties of the dimensionless normalisation technique for gait spatio-temporal parameters. Firstly, it may not fully remove the correlation between leg length and spatio-temporal parameters. Secondly, it induces spurious correlation among spatio-temporal parameters, which might obscure their true correlation structure. Thirdly, it induces spurious correlation with external covariates, which complicates further statistical modelling. Therefore, depending on the objectives, we propose alternatives. If the objective is to compare datasets but remove the confounding effect of leg length, residualisation may be an alternative, although the generalisability of the residualisation is less well established than dimensionless normalisation. If the objective is to build a regression model, the raw spatio-temporal parameters could be used with leg length, or a function of leg length, as an explicit regressor to avoid spurious correlation. If correlation is the objective, partial correlation can be used instead.
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Kinematic gait pattern in children with cerebral palsy and leg length discrepancy: Effects of an extra sole
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 55
Author(s): Meta N. Eek, Roland Zügner, Ingibjörg Stefansdottir, Roy Tranberg
The gait pattern in children with cerebral palsy (CP) often differs from normal, with slow velocity, problem with foot clearance and increased stress on joints. Several factors, such as muscle tone, impaired motor control, muscle contractures, skeletal deformities and leg length discrepancy affect gait. Leg length discrepancy can be treated surgically or with elevation of the shoe on the short leg. The purpose of this study was to examine whether compensating for leg length discrepancy, with elevation of the sole, leads to a change in movement pattern during walking in children with spastic CP. Results: Ten children with spastic CP, able to walk without aids, and 10 typically developing (TD) children aged between seven and 14 years were assessed with 3D gait analysis: 1) barefoot, 2) with shoes and 3) with an extra sole beneath the shoe for the shorter leg. All children with CP had a leg length discrepancy of more than or equal to 1.0cm. In the barefoot condition, the velocity was slower and the stride length was shorter, in children with CP compared with TD. The stride length and gait velocity increased in children with CP with shoes and shoe+sole and the stance time became more symmetrical. Among children with CP, there was more flexion in the longer leg relative to the short leg during barefoot walking. Differences in the kinematic pattern between the long and the short leg decreased with the extra sole.
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Balance training in individuals with Parkinson’s disease: Therapist-supervised vs. home-based exercise programme
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 55
Author(s): Elizabeth Maria Atterbury, Karen Estelle Welman
BackgroundPoor locomotion and balance in Parkinson’s disease (PD) often diminishes independence. Accordingly, gait is considered one of the most relevant rehabilitation outcomes, and home-based balance exercises might be a viable mode of exercise delivery for individuals with PD. However, research on PD interventions rarely indicate best practices to deliver exercises. Therefore, this study endeavoured to compare the efficacy of a home-based and therapist-supervised balance programme on gait parameters, dynamic balance, balance confidence and motivation in individuals diagnosed with PD.MethodsAn experimental study design, including a cluster randomized convenience sample, of 40 participants with idiopathic PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage I–III; age: 65.0±7.7years). Participants were divided into a therapist-supervised (n=24) and home-based group (n=16). Groups received either eight weeks of balance training with an exercise therapist or a DVD. Outcome measures include the instrumented Timed-Up-and-Go, Functional Gait Analysis (FGA), Activity-specific Balance confidence (ABC) scale and Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI).ResultsBoth groups improved in stride length (p<0.05). Similar FGA improved by 9% and 16% in the therapist-supervised and home-based group, respectively (p<0.01). Only the therapist-supervised group showed improvements in ABC (p=0.051), stride velocity (p=0.0006) and cadence (p=0.046) over the intervention; the latter two were also better compared to home-based (p<0.05). Furthermore the therapist-supervised group were more motivated (p=002).ConclusionThe home-based balance programme was effective in improving some aspects of gait, albeit the programme supervised by an exercise therapist included somewhat more benefits after the intervention i.e. stride velocity and cadence in individuals with mild to moderate PD.
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Speed dependent effects of laterally wedged insoles on gait biomechanics in healthy subjects
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 55
Author(s): Felix Kluge, Sebastian Krinner, Matthias Lochmann, Bjoern M. Eskofier
Laterally wedged insoles have been shown to be effective for the reduction of the knee adduction moment and other biomechanical variables that are associated with the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis. However, inconclusive results such as adverse effects in individual subjects or even no group-wise wedge effects have been presented in different studies and it has been suggested to identify variables that potentially confound the wedge effect. The main objective of this study was the investigation of interaction effects of lateral wedges with walking speed, as different self-selected speeds have mainly been used in previous studies.Twenty-two healthy subjects completed gait analysis trials on an instrumented treadmill. They walked in different speed conditions (0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.5m/s) with a neutral and a laterally wedged insole. Kinematics were acquired using infrared cinematography with reflective markers attached to the lower body. From the stance phase we extracted biomechanical parameters that are associated with knee joint loading and osteoarthritis severity.No interaction effect of lateral wedges and speed was observed for most biomechanical parameters except for the ankle eversion range of motion. The main effects of wedges were reductions of the external knee adduction moment and of the knee adduction angular impulse. All biomechanical variables changed with increasing speed. Only the lateral offset of the center of pressure did not respond to wedge or to speed changes.Our results suggest that different self-selected speeds do not confound the effect of laterally wedged insoles.
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Assessing Sensorineural Hearing Loss Using Various Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emission Stimulus Conditions.
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Assessing Sensorineural Hearing Loss Using Various Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emission Stimulus Conditions.
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Assessing Sensorineural Hearing Loss Using Various Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emission Stimulus Conditions.
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Sonotubometric Assessment for Severity of Patulous Eustachian Tube.
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Intratympanic Dexamethasone in the Treatment of Meniere's Disease: A Comparison of Two Techniques.
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