Παρασκευή 14 Σεπτεμβρίου 2018

Gout Associated with Higher Risk of Hearing Loss in Older Adults

​Adults 65 and older with gout have a 44 percent higher risk of developing hearing loss independent of demographic, comorbidities, and use of common medications, according to a new study (BMJ Open. 2018 Aug 20;8(8):e022854). Researchers from the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine examined 5% Medicare claims from 2006 to 2012 and identified cases of incident hearing impairment among patients with existing gout. Of the 1.71 million people included, 89,409 developed incident hearing impairment. Compared with the people without, people with hearing impairment were older, less likely to be black, and had higher medical comorbidity. The crude incidence rates of incident hearing impairment in people with and without gout were 16.9 v. 8.7 per 1,000 person-years. The association between gout and hearing loss has long been suspected because they share similar pathological processes, but the authors said this is the first study to investigate this relationship. The authors also said that the hypothesis that hyperuricaemia-related inflammation and oxidative stress pathways potentially link gout to the risk of hearing loss in older adults should be tested in future studies, which should reveal which factors contribute to this increased risk and to what extent. ​

Published: 9/14/2018 10:47:00 AM


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Gout Associated with Higher Risk of Hearing Loss in Older Adults

​Adults 65 and older with gout have a 44 percent higher risk of developing hearing loss independent of demographic, comorbidities, and use of common medications, according to a new study (BMJ Open. 2018 Aug 20;8(8):e022854). Researchers from the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine examined 5% Medicare claims from 2006 to 2012 and identified cases of incident hearing impairment among patients with existing gout. Of the 1.71 million people included, 89,409 developed incident hearing impairment. Compared with the people without, people with hearing impairment were older, less likely to be black, and had higher medical comorbidity. The crude incidence rates of incident hearing impairment in people with and without gout were 16.9 v. 8.7 per 1,000 person-years. The association between gout and hearing loss has long been suspected because they share similar pathological processes, but the authors said this is the first study to investigate this relationship. The authors also said that the hypothesis that hyperuricaemia-related inflammation and oxidative stress pathways potentially link gout to the risk of hearing loss in older adults should be tested in future studies, which should reveal which factors contribute to this increased risk and to what extent. ​

Published: 9/14/2018 10:47:00 AM


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First-Fit versus Programmed Fit: Is There Quantifiable Benefit in the Custom Fitting of Hearing Aids?



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A Nonsense Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Word Test to Assess Auditory Processing



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Effects of Secondhand Smoke Exposure on Hearing and Auditory Evoked Potentials, ABR and AMLR in Young Adults



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An Evaluation of Motivational Interviewing for Increasing Hearing Aid Use: A Pilot Study



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Differences in Word and Phoneme Recognition in Quiet, Sentence Recognition in Noise, and Subjective Outcomes between Manufacturer First-Fit and Hearing Aids Programmed to NAL-NL2 Using Real-Ear Measures



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Cochlear Implant Practice Patterns: The U.S. Trends with Pediatric Patients



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Listening Effort: Order Effects and Core Executive Functions



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Transient Otoacoustic Emissions and Auditory Brainstem Responses in Low-Risk Cohort of Newborn and One-Month-Old Infants: Assessment of Infant Auditory System Physiology in the Prenatal Alcohol in SIDS and Stillbirth Network Safe Passage Study



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The Characteristics of Adults with Severe Hearing Loss



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JAAA CEU Program



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First-Fit versus Programmed Fit: Is There Quantifiable Benefit in the Custom Fitting of Hearing Aids?



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A Nonsense Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Word Test to Assess Auditory Processing



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Effects of Secondhand Smoke Exposure on Hearing and Auditory Evoked Potentials, ABR and AMLR in Young Adults



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An Evaluation of Motivational Interviewing for Increasing Hearing Aid Use: A Pilot Study



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Differences in Word and Phoneme Recognition in Quiet, Sentence Recognition in Noise, and Subjective Outcomes between Manufacturer First-Fit and Hearing Aids Programmed to NAL-NL2 Using Real-Ear Measures



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Cochlear Implant Practice Patterns: The U.S. Trends with Pediatric Patients



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Listening Effort: Order Effects and Core Executive Functions



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Transient Otoacoustic Emissions and Auditory Brainstem Responses in Low-Risk Cohort of Newborn and One-Month-Old Infants: Assessment of Infant Auditory System Physiology in the Prenatal Alcohol in SIDS and Stillbirth Network Safe Passage Study



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The Characteristics of Adults with Severe Hearing Loss



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JAAA CEU Program



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Hearing Performance in the Follicular-Luteal Phase of the Menstrual Cycle.

Hearing Performance in the Follicular-Luteal Phase of the Menstrual Cycle.

Int J Otolaryngol. 2018;2018:7276359

Authors: Emami SF, Gohari N, Ramezani H, Borzouei M

Abstract
Introduction: Estrogen has a protective role on auditory function. It may have an excitatory action on auditory nerve fibers and can have a neuroprotective effect. Progesterone has a mainly inhibitory action on the central nervous system, which may balance the mainly excitatory action of estrogen.
Objective: To determine changes in hearing performance with pure tone audiometry (PTA), tympanometry, distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), and auditory brainstem responses (ABR) as hormonal changes occur from follicular to luteal phase.
Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy female volunteers (age 19 ± 30 years) with normal menstrual cycle and without any hearing problems are included in this case-control study. Hearing evaluation was performed on the 13th day of the menstrual cycle (follicular phase) and then on the 22nd day (luteal phase).
Results: All of the participants had normal results in follicular phase. In luteal phase, four cases showed abnormalities as follows: reduced hearing thresholds 250 Hz (mean= 15 dBHL), increased amplitudes of DPOAE (mean= 3 dBspl), decreased middle ear pressure (mean= -110 dapa), and delayed ABR interpeak latencies (mean of IPLs I-III= 0.4 and mean of IPLs III-V= 0.6 ms).
Conclusions: In some women, changing of ovarian hormones may induce fluctuating hearing and increased progesterone in luteal phase can lead to abnormal outcomes in auditory function. However, elevated estrogen modifies its consequences in follicular phase.

PMID: 30210546 [PubMed]



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Gene Therapy in Mouse Models of Deafness and Balance Dysfunction.

Gene Therapy in Mouse Models of Deafness and Balance Dysfunction.

Front Mol Neurosci. 2018;11:300

Authors: Wang L, Kempton JB, Brigande JV

Abstract
Therapeutic strategies to restore hearing and balance in mouse models of inner ear disease aim to rescue sensory function by gene replacement, augmentation, knock down or knock out. Modalities to achieve therapeutic effects have utilized virus-mediated transfer of wild type genes and small interfering ribonucleic acids; systemic and focal administration of antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and designer small molecules; and lipid-mediated transfer of Cas 9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. This work has established that gene or drug administration to the structurally and functionally immature, early neonatal mouse inner ear prior to hearing onset is a prerequisite for the most robust therapeutic responses. These observations may have significant implications for translating mouse inner ear gene therapies to patients. The human fetus hears by gestational week 19, suggesting that a corollary window of therapeutic efficacy closes early in the second trimester of pregnancy. We hypothesize that fetal therapeutics deployed prior to hearing onset may be the most effective approach to preemptively manage genetic mutations that cause deafness and vestibular dysfunction. We assert that gene therapy studies in higher vertebrate model systems with fetal hearing onset and a comparable acoustic range and sensitivity to that of humans are an essential step to safely and effectively translate murine gene therapies to the clinic.

PMID: 30210291 [PubMed]



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Hearing Performance in the Follicular-Luteal Phase of the Menstrual Cycle.

Hearing Performance in the Follicular-Luteal Phase of the Menstrual Cycle.

Int J Otolaryngol. 2018;2018:7276359

Authors: Emami SF, Gohari N, Ramezani H, Borzouei M

Abstract
Introduction: Estrogen has a protective role on auditory function. It may have an excitatory action on auditory nerve fibers and can have a neuroprotective effect. Progesterone has a mainly inhibitory action on the central nervous system, which may balance the mainly excitatory action of estrogen.
Objective: To determine changes in hearing performance with pure tone audiometry (PTA), tympanometry, distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), and auditory brainstem responses (ABR) as hormonal changes occur from follicular to luteal phase.
Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy female volunteers (age 19 ± 30 years) with normal menstrual cycle and without any hearing problems are included in this case-control study. Hearing evaluation was performed on the 13th day of the menstrual cycle (follicular phase) and then on the 22nd day (luteal phase).
Results: All of the participants had normal results in follicular phase. In luteal phase, four cases showed abnormalities as follows: reduced hearing thresholds 250 Hz (mean= 15 dBHL), increased amplitudes of DPOAE (mean= 3 dBspl), decreased middle ear pressure (mean= -110 dapa), and delayed ABR interpeak latencies (mean of IPLs I-III= 0.4 and mean of IPLs III-V= 0.6 ms).
Conclusions: In some women, changing of ovarian hormones may induce fluctuating hearing and increased progesterone in luteal phase can lead to abnormal outcomes in auditory function. However, elevated estrogen modifies its consequences in follicular phase.

PMID: 30210546 [PubMed]



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Gene Therapy in Mouse Models of Deafness and Balance Dysfunction.

Gene Therapy in Mouse Models of Deafness and Balance Dysfunction.

Front Mol Neurosci. 2018;11:300

Authors: Wang L, Kempton JB, Brigande JV

Abstract
Therapeutic strategies to restore hearing and balance in mouse models of inner ear disease aim to rescue sensory function by gene replacement, augmentation, knock down or knock out. Modalities to achieve therapeutic effects have utilized virus-mediated transfer of wild type genes and small interfering ribonucleic acids; systemic and focal administration of antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and designer small molecules; and lipid-mediated transfer of Cas 9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. This work has established that gene or drug administration to the structurally and functionally immature, early neonatal mouse inner ear prior to hearing onset is a prerequisite for the most robust therapeutic responses. These observations may have significant implications for translating mouse inner ear gene therapies to patients. The human fetus hears by gestational week 19, suggesting that a corollary window of therapeutic efficacy closes early in the second trimester of pregnancy. We hypothesize that fetal therapeutics deployed prior to hearing onset may be the most effective approach to preemptively manage genetic mutations that cause deafness and vestibular dysfunction. We assert that gene therapy studies in higher vertebrate model systems with fetal hearing onset and a comparable acoustic range and sensitivity to that of humans are an essential step to safely and effectively translate murine gene therapies to the clinic.

PMID: 30210291 [PubMed]



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