Publication date: Available online 23 February 2018
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Miguel Antonio Vargas García
ObjetivoValorar la realidad social y la percepción funcional que tienen los cuidadores principales acerca de la calidad de vida de los sujetos diagnosticados con disfagia.MétodosLa investigación se desarrolló partiendo de lineamientos de la resolución 008430 del 4 de octubre de 1993, que rige en Colombia las normas científica, técnica y administrativa para la investigación en salud. La elección de la muestra se realizó a partir del estudio de las historias clínicas y el diagnóstico de disfagia; el instrumento fue validado a través del Método Delphi, el cual busca dar confiabilidad a un instrumento a partir de la opinión de un panel de expertos.ResultadosLos cuidadores indican que el mejor dominio en la percepción de calidad de vida del sujeto con disfagia es el psicológico, sin embargo, este se encuentra por debajo del 80%, entendido como una percepción aceptable. Al analizar la individualidad, se detecta como porcentaje más bajo un 53.66% vs. el 84.15% que corresponde al más alto; el resultado promedio evidenció un 68.75% de percepción de calidad de vida, correspondiente según la propuesta de rangos de percepción, a una percepción aceptable; este valor equivale al promedio obtenido de 112.74 puntos de 164 posibles.ConclusionesDesde los aspectos terapéuticos, los profesionales no pueden olvidar al cuidador, ya que es un factor en la rehabilitación que también necesitará atención. No se puede permitir que el cuidador principal genere cansancio, estrés o despreocupación a causa de las largas cargas de trabajo en su labor de cuidar.PurposeTo assess the social reality and the functional perception that the main caregivers have about the quality of life of the subjects diagnosed with dysphagia.MethodsThe research was developed based on the guidelines of resolution 008430 of October 4, 1993, which governs the scientific, technical and administrative standards for health research in Colombia. The choice of the sample was made from the study of the clinical histories and the diagnosis of dysphagia; the instrument was validated through the Delphi method, which seeks to give reliability to an instrument based on the opinion of a panel of experts.ResultsCaregivers indicate that the best domain in the perception of quality of life of the subject with dysphagia is the psychological, but this is below 80%, understood as an acceptable perception. When analyzing the individuality, it is detected as a lower percentage 53.66%, versus 84.15% that corresponds to the highest. The average result showed a 68.75% perception of quality of life, corresponding to an acceptable perception according to the proposed ranges of perception. This value is equivalent to the average obtained of 112.74 points out of 164 possible.ConclusionsFrom the therapeutic aspects, professionals cannot forget the caregiver, since it is a factor in the rehabilitation that will also need attention. The primary caregiver cannot be allowed to create fatigue, stress, or unconcern because of the long workloads in their caring work.
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Παρασκευή 23 Φεβρουαρίου 2018
Repercusiones sociales de la disfagia
Publication date: Available online 23 February 2018
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Miguel Antonio Vargas García
ObjetivoValorar la realidad social y la percepción funcional que tienen los cuidadores principales acerca de la calidad de vida de los sujetos diagnosticados con disfagia.MétodosLa investigación se desarrolló partiendo de lineamientos de la resolución 008430 del 4 de octubre de 1993, que rige en Colombia las normas científica, técnica y administrativa para la investigación en salud. La elección de la muestra se realizó a partir del estudio de las historias clínicas y el diagnóstico de disfagia; el instrumento fue validado a través del Método Delphi, el cual busca dar confiabilidad a un instrumento a partir de la opinión de un panel de expertos.ResultadosLos cuidadores indican que el mejor dominio en la percepción de calidad de vida del sujeto con disfagia es el psicológico, sin embargo, este se encuentra por debajo del 80%, entendido como una percepción aceptable. Al analizar la individualidad, se detecta como porcentaje más bajo un 53.66% vs. el 84.15% que corresponde al más alto; el resultado promedio evidenció un 68.75% de percepción de calidad de vida, correspondiente según la propuesta de rangos de percepción, a una percepción aceptable; este valor equivale al promedio obtenido de 112.74 puntos de 164 posibles.ConclusionesDesde los aspectos terapéuticos, los profesionales no pueden olvidar al cuidador, ya que es un factor en la rehabilitación que también necesitará atención. No se puede permitir que el cuidador principal genere cansancio, estrés o despreocupación a causa de las largas cargas de trabajo en su labor de cuidar.PurposeTo assess the social reality and the functional perception that the main caregivers have about the quality of life of the subjects diagnosed with dysphagia.MethodsThe research was developed based on the guidelines of resolution 008430 of October 4, 1993, which governs the scientific, technical and administrative standards for health research in Colombia. The choice of the sample was made from the study of the clinical histories and the diagnosis of dysphagia; the instrument was validated through the Delphi method, which seeks to give reliability to an instrument based on the opinion of a panel of experts.ResultsCaregivers indicate that the best domain in the perception of quality of life of the subject with dysphagia is the psychological, but this is below 80%, understood as an acceptable perception. When analyzing the individuality, it is detected as a lower percentage 53.66%, versus 84.15% that corresponds to the highest. The average result showed a 68.75% perception of quality of life, corresponding to an acceptable perception according to the proposed ranges of perception. This value is equivalent to the average obtained of 112.74 points out of 164 possible.ConclusionsFrom the therapeutic aspects, professionals cannot forget the caregiver, since it is a factor in the rehabilitation that will also need attention. The primary caregiver cannot be allowed to create fatigue, stress, or unconcern because of the long workloads in their caring work.
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Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Miguel Antonio Vargas García
ObjetivoValorar la realidad social y la percepción funcional que tienen los cuidadores principales acerca de la calidad de vida de los sujetos diagnosticados con disfagia.MétodosLa investigación se desarrolló partiendo de lineamientos de la resolución 008430 del 4 de octubre de 1993, que rige en Colombia las normas científica, técnica y administrativa para la investigación en salud. La elección de la muestra se realizó a partir del estudio de las historias clínicas y el diagnóstico de disfagia; el instrumento fue validado a través del Método Delphi, el cual busca dar confiabilidad a un instrumento a partir de la opinión de un panel de expertos.ResultadosLos cuidadores indican que el mejor dominio en la percepción de calidad de vida del sujeto con disfagia es el psicológico, sin embargo, este se encuentra por debajo del 80%, entendido como una percepción aceptable. Al analizar la individualidad, se detecta como porcentaje más bajo un 53.66% vs. el 84.15% que corresponde al más alto; el resultado promedio evidenció un 68.75% de percepción de calidad de vida, correspondiente según la propuesta de rangos de percepción, a una percepción aceptable; este valor equivale al promedio obtenido de 112.74 puntos de 164 posibles.ConclusionesDesde los aspectos terapéuticos, los profesionales no pueden olvidar al cuidador, ya que es un factor en la rehabilitación que también necesitará atención. No se puede permitir que el cuidador principal genere cansancio, estrés o despreocupación a causa de las largas cargas de trabajo en su labor de cuidar.PurposeTo assess the social reality and the functional perception that the main caregivers have about the quality of life of the subjects diagnosed with dysphagia.MethodsThe research was developed based on the guidelines of resolution 008430 of October 4, 1993, which governs the scientific, technical and administrative standards for health research in Colombia. The choice of the sample was made from the study of the clinical histories and the diagnosis of dysphagia; the instrument was validated through the Delphi method, which seeks to give reliability to an instrument based on the opinion of a panel of experts.ResultsCaregivers indicate that the best domain in the perception of quality of life of the subject with dysphagia is the psychological, but this is below 80%, understood as an acceptable perception. When analyzing the individuality, it is detected as a lower percentage 53.66%, versus 84.15% that corresponds to the highest. The average result showed a 68.75% perception of quality of life, corresponding to an acceptable perception according to the proposed ranges of perception. This value is equivalent to the average obtained of 112.74 points out of 164 possible.ConclusionsFrom the therapeutic aspects, professionals cannot forget the caregiver, since it is a factor in the rehabilitation that will also need attention. The primary caregiver cannot be allowed to create fatigue, stress, or unconcern because of the long workloads in their caring work.
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Repercusiones sociales de la disfagia
Publication date: Available online 23 February 2018
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Miguel Antonio Vargas García
ObjetivoValorar la realidad social y la percepción funcional que tienen los cuidadores principales acerca de la calidad de vida de los sujetos diagnosticados con disfagia.MétodosLa investigación se desarrolló partiendo de lineamientos de la resolución 008430 del 4 de octubre de 1993, que rige en Colombia las normas científica, técnica y administrativa para la investigación en salud. La elección de la muestra se realizó a partir del estudio de las historias clínicas y el diagnóstico de disfagia; el instrumento fue validado a través del Método Delphi, el cual busca dar confiabilidad a un instrumento a partir de la opinión de un panel de expertos.ResultadosLos cuidadores indican que el mejor dominio en la percepción de calidad de vida del sujeto con disfagia es el psicológico, sin embargo, este se encuentra por debajo del 80%, entendido como una percepción aceptable. Al analizar la individualidad, se detecta como porcentaje más bajo un 53.66% vs. el 84.15% que corresponde al más alto; el resultado promedio evidenció un 68.75% de percepción de calidad de vida, correspondiente según la propuesta de rangos de percepción, a una percepción aceptable; este valor equivale al promedio obtenido de 112.74 puntos de 164 posibles.ConclusionesDesde los aspectos terapéuticos, los profesionales no pueden olvidar al cuidador, ya que es un factor en la rehabilitación que también necesitará atención. No se puede permitir que el cuidador principal genere cansancio, estrés o despreocupación a causa de las largas cargas de trabajo en su labor de cuidar.PurposeTo assess the social reality and the functional perception that the main caregivers have about the quality of life of the subjects diagnosed with dysphagia.MethodsThe research was developed based on the guidelines of resolution 008430 of October 4, 1993, which governs the scientific, technical and administrative standards for health research in Colombia. The choice of the sample was made from the study of the clinical histories and the diagnosis of dysphagia; the instrument was validated through the Delphi method, which seeks to give reliability to an instrument based on the opinion of a panel of experts.ResultsCaregivers indicate that the best domain in the perception of quality of life of the subject with dysphagia is the psychological, but this is below 80%, understood as an acceptable perception. When analyzing the individuality, it is detected as a lower percentage 53.66%, versus 84.15% that corresponds to the highest. The average result showed a 68.75% perception of quality of life, corresponding to an acceptable perception according to the proposed ranges of perception. This value is equivalent to the average obtained of 112.74 points out of 164 possible.ConclusionsFrom the therapeutic aspects, professionals cannot forget the caregiver, since it is a factor in the rehabilitation that will also need attention. The primary caregiver cannot be allowed to create fatigue, stress, or unconcern because of the long workloads in their caring work.
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Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Miguel Antonio Vargas García
ObjetivoValorar la realidad social y la percepción funcional que tienen los cuidadores principales acerca de la calidad de vida de los sujetos diagnosticados con disfagia.MétodosLa investigación se desarrolló partiendo de lineamientos de la resolución 008430 del 4 de octubre de 1993, que rige en Colombia las normas científica, técnica y administrativa para la investigación en salud. La elección de la muestra se realizó a partir del estudio de las historias clínicas y el diagnóstico de disfagia; el instrumento fue validado a través del Método Delphi, el cual busca dar confiabilidad a un instrumento a partir de la opinión de un panel de expertos.ResultadosLos cuidadores indican que el mejor dominio en la percepción de calidad de vida del sujeto con disfagia es el psicológico, sin embargo, este se encuentra por debajo del 80%, entendido como una percepción aceptable. Al analizar la individualidad, se detecta como porcentaje más bajo un 53.66% vs. el 84.15% que corresponde al más alto; el resultado promedio evidenció un 68.75% de percepción de calidad de vida, correspondiente según la propuesta de rangos de percepción, a una percepción aceptable; este valor equivale al promedio obtenido de 112.74 puntos de 164 posibles.ConclusionesDesde los aspectos terapéuticos, los profesionales no pueden olvidar al cuidador, ya que es un factor en la rehabilitación que también necesitará atención. No se puede permitir que el cuidador principal genere cansancio, estrés o despreocupación a causa de las largas cargas de trabajo en su labor de cuidar.PurposeTo assess the social reality and the functional perception that the main caregivers have about the quality of life of the subjects diagnosed with dysphagia.MethodsThe research was developed based on the guidelines of resolution 008430 of October 4, 1993, which governs the scientific, technical and administrative standards for health research in Colombia. The choice of the sample was made from the study of the clinical histories and the diagnosis of dysphagia; the instrument was validated through the Delphi method, which seeks to give reliability to an instrument based on the opinion of a panel of experts.ResultsCaregivers indicate that the best domain in the perception of quality of life of the subject with dysphagia is the psychological, but this is below 80%, understood as an acceptable perception. When analyzing the individuality, it is detected as a lower percentage 53.66%, versus 84.15% that corresponds to the highest. The average result showed a 68.75% perception of quality of life, corresponding to an acceptable perception according to the proposed ranges of perception. This value is equivalent to the average obtained of 112.74 points out of 164 possible.ConclusionsFrom the therapeutic aspects, professionals cannot forget the caregiver, since it is a factor in the rehabilitation that will also need attention. The primary caregiver cannot be allowed to create fatigue, stress, or unconcern because of the long workloads in their caring work.
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Oticon Improves Internet-Connected Hearing Aids with New ConnectClip
Oticon (https://www.oticon.com/) has introduced ConnectClip, which turns Oticon's internet-connected hearing aids into wireless headsets for hands-free calls and listening to music or podcasts in stereo. It works with any smartphone, music player, or computer, and it serves as a remote control for Oticon's Opn hearing aids to adjust volume and change programs. Sound from mobile phones is streamed directly to the hearing aids via 2.4GHz Bluetooth Low Energy, and ConnectClip's directional microphones pick up the wearer's voice. ConnectClip can also function as a remote or partner microphone, providing improved intelligibility of the speaker wearing it at a distance of up to 65 feet, in very noisy environments, or a combination of both. ConnectClip can be paired with or connected directly to a computer's built-in Bluetooth or used with the BTD 800 USB dongle.
Published: 2/23/2018 12:55:00 PM
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Oticon Improves Internet-Connected Hearing Aids with New ConnectClip
Oticon (https://www.oticon.com/) has introduced ConnectClip, which turns Oticon's internet-connected hearing aids into wireless headsets for hands-free calls and listening to music or podcasts in stereo. It works with any smartphone, music player, or computer, and it serves as a remote control for Oticon's Opn hearing aids to adjust volume and change programs. Sound from mobile phones is streamed directly to the hearing aids via 2.4GHz Bluetooth Low Energy, and ConnectClip's directional microphones pick up the wearer's voice. ConnectClip can also function as a remote or partner microphone, providing improved intelligibility of the speaker wearing it at a distance of up to 65 feet, in very noisy environments, or a combination of both. ConnectClip can be paired with or connected directly to a computer's built-in Bluetooth or used with the BTD 800 USB dongle.
Published: 2/23/2018 12:55:00 PM
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Oticon Improves Internet-Connected Hearing Aids with New ConnectClip
Oticon (https://www.oticon.com/) has introduced ConnectClip, which turns Oticon's internet-connected hearing aids into wireless headsets for hands-free calls and listening to music or podcasts in stereo. It works with any smartphone, music player, or computer, and it serves as a remote control for Oticon's Opn hearing aids to adjust volume and change programs. Sound from mobile phones is streamed directly to the hearing aids via 2.4GHz Bluetooth Low Energy, and ConnectClip's directional microphones pick up the wearer's voice. ConnectClip can also function as a remote or partner microphone, providing improved intelligibility of the speaker wearing it at a distance of up to 65 feet, in very noisy environments, or a combination of both. ConnectClip can be paired with or connected directly to a computer's built-in Bluetooth or used with the BTD 800 USB dongle.
Published: 2/23/2018 12:55:00 PM
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Putting the Hear in HEARt
Cardiovascular health status is a commonly recognized determinant of hearing loss in adult populations. A recent study out of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) has demonstrated pediatric populations are not immune to hearing-heart concerns. Madison et al. (2018) followed a group of 348 children that underwent infant surgery for congenital heart defects. The study team found that 21.6 percent of the children had hearing loss; risk was associated with pre-maturity, confirmed genetic anomaly, and longer postoperative length of stay.
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Emotion Recognition From Singing Voices Using Contemporary Commercial Music and Classical Styles
Publication date: Available online 22 February 2018
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Tua Hakanpää, Teija Waaramaa, Anne-Maria Laukkanen
ObjectivesThis study examines the recognition of emotion in contemporary commercial music (CCM) and classical styles of singing. This information may be useful in improving the training of interpretation in singing.Study designThis is an experimental comparative study.MethodsThirteen singers (11 female, 2 male) with a minimum of 3 years' professional-level singing studies (in CCM or classical technique or both) participated. They sang at three pitches (females: a, e1, a1, males: one octave lower) expressing anger, sadness, joy, tenderness, and a neutral state. Twenty-nine listeners listened to 312 short (0.63- to 4.8-second) voice samples, 135 of which were sung using a classical singing technique and 165 of which were sung in a CCM style. The listeners were asked which emotion they heard. Activity and valence were derived from the chosen emotions.ResultsThe percentage of correct recognitions out of all the answers in the listening test (N = 9048) was 30.2%. The recognition percentage for the CCM-style singing technique was higher (34.5%) than for the classical-style technique (24.5%). Valence and activation were better perceived than the emotions themselves, and activity was better recognized than valence. A higher pitch was more likely to be perceived as joy or anger, and a lower pitch as sorrow. Both valence and activation were better recognized in the female CCM samples than in the other samples.ConclusionsThere are statistically significant differences in the recognition of emotions between classical and CCM styles of singing. Furthermore, in the singing voice, pitch affects the perception of emotions, and valence and activity are more easily recognized than emotions.
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Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Tua Hakanpää, Teija Waaramaa, Anne-Maria Laukkanen
ObjectivesThis study examines the recognition of emotion in contemporary commercial music (CCM) and classical styles of singing. This information may be useful in improving the training of interpretation in singing.Study designThis is an experimental comparative study.MethodsThirteen singers (11 female, 2 male) with a minimum of 3 years' professional-level singing studies (in CCM or classical technique or both) participated. They sang at three pitches (females: a, e1, a1, males: one octave lower) expressing anger, sadness, joy, tenderness, and a neutral state. Twenty-nine listeners listened to 312 short (0.63- to 4.8-second) voice samples, 135 of which were sung using a classical singing technique and 165 of which were sung in a CCM style. The listeners were asked which emotion they heard. Activity and valence were derived from the chosen emotions.ResultsThe percentage of correct recognitions out of all the answers in the listening test (N = 9048) was 30.2%. The recognition percentage for the CCM-style singing technique was higher (34.5%) than for the classical-style technique (24.5%). Valence and activation were better perceived than the emotions themselves, and activity was better recognized than valence. A higher pitch was more likely to be perceived as joy or anger, and a lower pitch as sorrow. Both valence and activation were better recognized in the female CCM samples than in the other samples.ConclusionsThere are statistically significant differences in the recognition of emotions between classical and CCM styles of singing. Furthermore, in the singing voice, pitch affects the perception of emotions, and valence and activity are more easily recognized than emotions.
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Evaluation of Surgical Strategies for Bilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis Using Excised Canine Larynges
Publication date: Available online 23 February 2018
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): YanLi Ma, RuiQing Wang, Yu Zhang, Jiazhen Le, PeiYun Zhuang, Allyson C. Pulvermacher
ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of optimal surgical procedures in ex vivo simulated bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP).Study DesignFour surgical stages were sequentially performed on 10 excised canine larynges with simulated BVFP: (1) transverse cordotomy, (2) medial arytenoidectomy, (3) subtotal arytenoidectomy, and (4) total arytenoidectomy.Materials and MethodsThe sound pressure level, the signal-to-noise ratio, the glottal resistance, the glottal airflow (GF), the maximal glottal area (MGA), and spectrograms were measured after each stage. For comparative analysis of variance, a randomized block design and the Student-Newman-Keuls test were performed.ResultsUnder stable phonation, the sound pressure level showed no significant differences among the four stages. The signal-to-noise ratio was significantly different between the preoperative period and stage 1, as well as between stages 2 and 3. Glottal resistance was significantly different between the preoperative period and stage 1 and between stages 1 and 2. GF and MGA were significantly different among all stages, compared with those between stages 3 and 4 for GF and the preoperative period and stage 1 for MGA. The spectrograms indicated that the degree of disorder in the acoustic signals gradually increased.ConclusionsBased on a comprehensive analysis of GF and voice quality in excised canine larynges, which simulated BVFP, our results suggest that the optimal surgical choice for BVFP is either medial or subtotal arytenoidectomy.
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Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): YanLi Ma, RuiQing Wang, Yu Zhang, Jiazhen Le, PeiYun Zhuang, Allyson C. Pulvermacher
ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of optimal surgical procedures in ex vivo simulated bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP).Study DesignFour surgical stages were sequentially performed on 10 excised canine larynges with simulated BVFP: (1) transverse cordotomy, (2) medial arytenoidectomy, (3) subtotal arytenoidectomy, and (4) total arytenoidectomy.Materials and MethodsThe sound pressure level, the signal-to-noise ratio, the glottal resistance, the glottal airflow (GF), the maximal glottal area (MGA), and spectrograms were measured after each stage. For comparative analysis of variance, a randomized block design and the Student-Newman-Keuls test were performed.ResultsUnder stable phonation, the sound pressure level showed no significant differences among the four stages. The signal-to-noise ratio was significantly different between the preoperative period and stage 1, as well as between stages 2 and 3. Glottal resistance was significantly different between the preoperative period and stage 1 and between stages 1 and 2. GF and MGA were significantly different among all stages, compared with those between stages 3 and 4 for GF and the preoperative period and stage 1 for MGA. The spectrograms indicated that the degree of disorder in the acoustic signals gradually increased.ConclusionsBased on a comprehensive analysis of GF and voice quality in excised canine larynges, which simulated BVFP, our results suggest that the optimal surgical choice for BVFP is either medial or subtotal arytenoidectomy.
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Word Learning in Children With Cochlear Implants: Examining Performance Relative to Hearing Peers and Relations With Age at Implantation
Objectives: This study had two key objectives. First, to examine whether children who receive cochlear implants (CIs) before the age of 3 years and who are experienced implant users (mean length of CI use = 6 years; range = 4 to 9 years) show deficits on a word learning task relative to their hearing peers. Second, to examine whether variation in age at implantation within the first 3 years of life relates to later word learning abilities. Design: Twenty-one 6- to 10-year-old children with CIs, 21 chronological age-matched (AM) hearing children, and 21 vocabulary-matched hearing children completed an auditory word learning task in which they were required to learn the names of eight rare animals. Comprehension and production probes tested their learning of these unfamiliar words. Results: The children with CIs performed similarly to AM peers on the comprehension phase of the word learning task. Their production performance was significantly poorer than the AM group but was in line with that of their younger vocabulary-matched hearing peers. Differences between the CI and AM groups were accounted for by differences between the groups in terms of their existing vocabulary knowledge. Within the CI group, there was no evidence of an association between age at implantation and performance on the word learning task, but existing vocabulary size showed strong positive correlations with word learning performance, after adjustment for chronological age. Conclusions: When implanted by the age of 3 years, and with over 4 years CI experience, 6- to 10-year-old children are able to perform similarly to their AM hearing peers in terms of their comprehension of newly learned words. Producing accurate phonological forms of newly learned words may be a more challenging task for children with CIs, but their production performance is consistent with their vocabulary size. This cross-sectional study provides support for a relationship between existing vocabulary size and novel word learning skills in children with CIs; future longitudinal studies should test the hypothesis that this relationship is developmentally reciprocal. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (P50 DC000242; principal investigator, Bruce J. Gantz), the British Academy Leverhulme Fund (SG131650; principal investigator, Hannah Pimperton), the Experimental Psychology Society (Study Visit Grant), and the University of Iowa Obermann Center for Advanced Studies (Interdisciplinary Research Grant). The content of this project is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders or the NIH. The following people provided support, assistance, and feedback at various points in the project: Jacob Oleson, Marcia St. Clair, Camille Dunn, J. Bruce Tomblin, Dorothy Bishop, Julie Hsu, Kelsey Klein, Margaret Dallapiazza, and Marlea O’Brien. Special thanks go to the families and children who participated in the research. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Address for correspondence: Elizabeth A. Walker, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, 250 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52252, USA. E-mail: elizabeth-walker@uiowa.edu Received July 7, 2016; accepted January 9, 2018. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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An Evaluation of Output Signal to Noise Ratio as a Predictor of Cochlear Implant Speech Intelligibility
Objectives: Cochlear implant (CI) sound processing strategies are usually evaluated in clinical studies involving experienced implant recipients. Metrics which estimate the capacity to perceive speech for a given set of audio and processing conditions provide an alternative means to assess the effectiveness of processing strategies. The aim of this research was to assess the ability of the output signal to noise ratio (OSNR) to accurately predict speech perception. It was hypothesized that compared with the other metrics evaluated in this study (1) OSNR would have equivalent or better accuracy and (2) OSNR would be the most accurate in the presence of variable levels of speech presentation. Design: For the first time, the accuracy of OSNR as a metric which predicts speech intelligibility was compared, in a retrospective study, with that of the input signal to noise ratio (ISNR) and the short-term objective intelligibility (STOI) metric. Because STOI measured audio quality at the input to a CI sound processor, a vocoder was applied to the sound processor output and STOI was also calculated for the reconstructed audio signal (vocoder short-term objective intelligibility [VSTOI] metric). The figures of merit calculated for each metric were Pearson correlation of the metric and a psychometric function fitted to sentence scores at each predictor value (Pearson sigmoidal correlation [PSIG]), epsilon insensitive root mean square error (RMSE*) of the psychometric function and the sentence scores, and the statistical deviance of the fitted curve to the sentence scores (D). Sentence scores were taken from three existing data sets of Australian Sentence Tests in Noise results. The AuSTIN tests were conducted with experienced users of the Nucleus CI system. The score for each sentence was the proportion of morphemes the participant correctly repeated. In data set 1, all sentences were presented at 65 dB sound pressure level (SPL) in the presence of four-talker Babble noise. Each block of sentences used an adaptive procedure, with the speech presented at a fixed level and the ISNR varied. In data set 2, sentences were presented at 65 dB SPL in the presence of stationary speech weighted noise, street-side city noise, and cocktail party noise. An adaptive ISNR procedure was used. In data set 3, sentences were presented at levels ranging from 55 to 89 dB SPL with two automatic gain control configurations and two fixed ISNRs. Results: For data set 1, the ISNR and OSNR were equally most accurate. STOI was significantly different for deviance (p = 0.045) and RMSE* (p
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Word Learning in Children With Cochlear Implants: Examining Performance Relative to Hearing Peers and Relations With Age at Implantation
Objectives: This study had two key objectives. First, to examine whether children who receive cochlear implants (CIs) before the age of 3 years and who are experienced implant users (mean length of CI use = 6 years; range = 4 to 9 years) show deficits on a word learning task relative to their hearing peers. Second, to examine whether variation in age at implantation within the first 3 years of life relates to later word learning abilities. Design: Twenty-one 6- to 10-year-old children with CIs, 21 chronological age-matched (AM) hearing children, and 21 vocabulary-matched hearing children completed an auditory word learning task in which they were required to learn the names of eight rare animals. Comprehension and production probes tested their learning of these unfamiliar words. Results: The children with CIs performed similarly to AM peers on the comprehension phase of the word learning task. Their production performance was significantly poorer than the AM group but was in line with that of their younger vocabulary-matched hearing peers. Differences between the CI and AM groups were accounted for by differences between the groups in terms of their existing vocabulary knowledge. Within the CI group, there was no evidence of an association between age at implantation and performance on the word learning task, but existing vocabulary size showed strong positive correlations with word learning performance, after adjustment for chronological age. Conclusions: When implanted by the age of 3 years, and with over 4 years CI experience, 6- to 10-year-old children are able to perform similarly to their AM hearing peers in terms of their comprehension of newly learned words. Producing accurate phonological forms of newly learned words may be a more challenging task for children with CIs, but their production performance is consistent with their vocabulary size. This cross-sectional study provides support for a relationship between existing vocabulary size and novel word learning skills in children with CIs; future longitudinal studies should test the hypothesis that this relationship is developmentally reciprocal. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (P50 DC000242; principal investigator, Bruce J. Gantz), the British Academy Leverhulme Fund (SG131650; principal investigator, Hannah Pimperton), the Experimental Psychology Society (Study Visit Grant), and the University of Iowa Obermann Center for Advanced Studies (Interdisciplinary Research Grant). The content of this project is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders or the NIH. The following people provided support, assistance, and feedback at various points in the project: Jacob Oleson, Marcia St. Clair, Camille Dunn, J. Bruce Tomblin, Dorothy Bishop, Julie Hsu, Kelsey Klein, Margaret Dallapiazza, and Marlea O’Brien. Special thanks go to the families and children who participated in the research. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Address for correspondence: Elizabeth A. Walker, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, 250 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52252, USA. E-mail: elizabeth-walker@uiowa.edu Received July 7, 2016; accepted January 9, 2018. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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An Evaluation of Output Signal to Noise Ratio as a Predictor of Cochlear Implant Speech Intelligibility
Objectives: Cochlear implant (CI) sound processing strategies are usually evaluated in clinical studies involving experienced implant recipients. Metrics which estimate the capacity to perceive speech for a given set of audio and processing conditions provide an alternative means to assess the effectiveness of processing strategies. The aim of this research was to assess the ability of the output signal to noise ratio (OSNR) to accurately predict speech perception. It was hypothesized that compared with the other metrics evaluated in this study (1) OSNR would have equivalent or better accuracy and (2) OSNR would be the most accurate in the presence of variable levels of speech presentation. Design: For the first time, the accuracy of OSNR as a metric which predicts speech intelligibility was compared, in a retrospective study, with that of the input signal to noise ratio (ISNR) and the short-term objective intelligibility (STOI) metric. Because STOI measured audio quality at the input to a CI sound processor, a vocoder was applied to the sound processor output and STOI was also calculated for the reconstructed audio signal (vocoder short-term objective intelligibility [VSTOI] metric). The figures of merit calculated for each metric were Pearson correlation of the metric and a psychometric function fitted to sentence scores at each predictor value (Pearson sigmoidal correlation [PSIG]), epsilon insensitive root mean square error (RMSE*) of the psychometric function and the sentence scores, and the statistical deviance of the fitted curve to the sentence scores (D). Sentence scores were taken from three existing data sets of Australian Sentence Tests in Noise results. The AuSTIN tests were conducted with experienced users of the Nucleus CI system. The score for each sentence was the proportion of morphemes the participant correctly repeated. In data set 1, all sentences were presented at 65 dB sound pressure level (SPL) in the presence of four-talker Babble noise. Each block of sentences used an adaptive procedure, with the speech presented at a fixed level and the ISNR varied. In data set 2, sentences were presented at 65 dB SPL in the presence of stationary speech weighted noise, street-side city noise, and cocktail party noise. An adaptive ISNR procedure was used. In data set 3, sentences were presented at levels ranging from 55 to 89 dB SPL with two automatic gain control configurations and two fixed ISNRs. Results: For data set 1, the ISNR and OSNR were equally most accurate. STOI was significantly different for deviance (p = 0.045) and RMSE* (p
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Word Learning in Children With Cochlear Implants: Examining Performance Relative to Hearing Peers and Relations With Age at Implantation
Objectives: This study had two key objectives. First, to examine whether children who receive cochlear implants (CIs) before the age of 3 years and who are experienced implant users (mean length of CI use = 6 years; range = 4 to 9 years) show deficits on a word learning task relative to their hearing peers. Second, to examine whether variation in age at implantation within the first 3 years of life relates to later word learning abilities. Design: Twenty-one 6- to 10-year-old children with CIs, 21 chronological age-matched (AM) hearing children, and 21 vocabulary-matched hearing children completed an auditory word learning task in which they were required to learn the names of eight rare animals. Comprehension and production probes tested their learning of these unfamiliar words. Results: The children with CIs performed similarly to AM peers on the comprehension phase of the word learning task. Their production performance was significantly poorer than the AM group but was in line with that of their younger vocabulary-matched hearing peers. Differences between the CI and AM groups were accounted for by differences between the groups in terms of their existing vocabulary knowledge. Within the CI group, there was no evidence of an association between age at implantation and performance on the word learning task, but existing vocabulary size showed strong positive correlations with word learning performance, after adjustment for chronological age. Conclusions: When implanted by the age of 3 years, and with over 4 years CI experience, 6- to 10-year-old children are able to perform similarly to their AM hearing peers in terms of their comprehension of newly learned words. Producing accurate phonological forms of newly learned words may be a more challenging task for children with CIs, but their production performance is consistent with their vocabulary size. This cross-sectional study provides support for a relationship between existing vocabulary size and novel word learning skills in children with CIs; future longitudinal studies should test the hypothesis that this relationship is developmentally reciprocal. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (P50 DC000242; principal investigator, Bruce J. Gantz), the British Academy Leverhulme Fund (SG131650; principal investigator, Hannah Pimperton), the Experimental Psychology Society (Study Visit Grant), and the University of Iowa Obermann Center for Advanced Studies (Interdisciplinary Research Grant). The content of this project is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders or the NIH. The following people provided support, assistance, and feedback at various points in the project: Jacob Oleson, Marcia St. Clair, Camille Dunn, J. Bruce Tomblin, Dorothy Bishop, Julie Hsu, Kelsey Klein, Margaret Dallapiazza, and Marlea O’Brien. Special thanks go to the families and children who participated in the research. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Address for correspondence: Elizabeth A. Walker, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, 250 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52252, USA. E-mail: elizabeth-walker@uiowa.edu Received July 7, 2016; accepted January 9, 2018. Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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An Evaluation of Output Signal to Noise Ratio as a Predictor of Cochlear Implant Speech Intelligibility
Objectives: Cochlear implant (CI) sound processing strategies are usually evaluated in clinical studies involving experienced implant recipients. Metrics which estimate the capacity to perceive speech for a given set of audio and processing conditions provide an alternative means to assess the effectiveness of processing strategies. The aim of this research was to assess the ability of the output signal to noise ratio (OSNR) to accurately predict speech perception. It was hypothesized that compared with the other metrics evaluated in this study (1) OSNR would have equivalent or better accuracy and (2) OSNR would be the most accurate in the presence of variable levels of speech presentation. Design: For the first time, the accuracy of OSNR as a metric which predicts speech intelligibility was compared, in a retrospective study, with that of the input signal to noise ratio (ISNR) and the short-term objective intelligibility (STOI) metric. Because STOI measured audio quality at the input to a CI sound processor, a vocoder was applied to the sound processor output and STOI was also calculated for the reconstructed audio signal (vocoder short-term objective intelligibility [VSTOI] metric). The figures of merit calculated for each metric were Pearson correlation of the metric and a psychometric function fitted to sentence scores at each predictor value (Pearson sigmoidal correlation [PSIG]), epsilon insensitive root mean square error (RMSE*) of the psychometric function and the sentence scores, and the statistical deviance of the fitted curve to the sentence scores (D). Sentence scores were taken from three existing data sets of Australian Sentence Tests in Noise results. The AuSTIN tests were conducted with experienced users of the Nucleus CI system. The score for each sentence was the proportion of morphemes the participant correctly repeated. In data set 1, all sentences were presented at 65 dB sound pressure level (SPL) in the presence of four-talker Babble noise. Each block of sentences used an adaptive procedure, with the speech presented at a fixed level and the ISNR varied. In data set 2, sentences were presented at 65 dB SPL in the presence of stationary speech weighted noise, street-side city noise, and cocktail party noise. An adaptive ISNR procedure was used. In data set 3, sentences were presented at levels ranging from 55 to 89 dB SPL with two automatic gain control configurations and two fixed ISNRs. Results: For data set 1, the ISNR and OSNR were equally most accurate. STOI was significantly different for deviance (p = 0.045) and RMSE* (p
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