Publication date: Available online 24 May 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Kent Heberer, Eileen Fowler, Loretta Staudt, Susan Sienko, Cathleen E. Buckon, Anita Bagley, Mitell Sison-Williamson, Craig M. McDonald, Michael D. Sussman
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked genetic neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive proximal to distal muscle weakness. The success of randomized clinical trials for novel therapeutics depends on outcome measurements that are sensitive to change. As the development of motor skills may lead to functional improvements in young boys with DMD, their inclusion may potentially confound clinical trials. Three-dimensional gait analysis is an under-utilized approach that can quantify joint moments and powers, which reflect functional muscle strength. In this study, gait kinetics, kinematics, spatial-temporal parameters, and timed functional tests were quantified over a one-year period for 21 boys between 4 and 8 years old who were enrolled in a multisite natural history study. At baseline, hip moments and powers were inadequate. Between the two visits, 12 boys began a corticosteroid regimen (mean duration 10.8+/− 2.4 months) while 9 boys remained steroid-naïve. Significant between-group differences favoring steroid use were found for primary kinetic outcomes (peak hip extensor moments (p=.007), duration of hip extensor moments (p=.007), peak hip power generation (p=.028)), and spatial-temporal parameters (walking speed (p=.016) and cadence (p=.021)). Significant between-group differences were not found for kinematics or timed functional tests with the exception of the 10m walk test (p=.03), which improves in typically developing children within this age range. These results indicate that hip joint kinetics can be used to identify weakness in young boys with DMD and are sensitive to corticosteroid intervention. Inclusion of gait analysis may enhance detection of a treatment effect in clinical trials particularly for young boys with more preserved muscle function002E
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Δευτέρα 23 Μαΐου 2016
Hip kinetics during gait are clinically meaningful outcomes in young boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Publication date: Available online 24 May 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Kent Heberer, Eileen Fowler, Loretta Staudt, Susan Sienko, Cathleen E. Buckon, Anita Bagley, Mitell Sison-Williamson, Craig M. McDonald, Michael D. Sussman
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked genetic neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive proximal to distal muscle weakness. The success of randomized clinical trials for novel therapeutics depends on outcome measurements that are sensitive to change. As the development of motor skills may lead to functional improvements in young boys with DMD, their inclusion may potentially confound clinical trials. Three-dimensional gait analysis is an under-utilized approach that can quantify joint moments and powers, which reflect functional muscle strength. In this study, gait kinetics, kinematics, spatial-temporal parameters, and timed functional tests were quantified over a one-year period for 21 boys between 4 and 8 years old who were enrolled in a multisite natural history study. At baseline, hip moments and powers were inadequate. Between the two visits, 12 boys began a corticosteroid regimen (mean duration 10.8+/− 2.4 months) while 9 boys remained steroid-naïve. Significant between-group differences favoring steroid use were found for primary kinetic outcomes (peak hip extensor moments (p=.007), duration of hip extensor moments (p=.007), peak hip power generation (p=.028)), and spatial-temporal parameters (walking speed (p=.016) and cadence (p=.021)). Significant between-group differences were not found for kinematics or timed functional tests with the exception of the 10m walk test (p=.03), which improves in typically developing children within this age range. These results indicate that hip joint kinetics can be used to identify weakness in young boys with DMD and are sensitive to corticosteroid intervention. Inclusion of gait analysis may enhance detection of a treatment effect in clinical trials particularly for young boys with more preserved muscle function002E
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Kent Heberer, Eileen Fowler, Loretta Staudt, Susan Sienko, Cathleen E. Buckon, Anita Bagley, Mitell Sison-Williamson, Craig M. McDonald, Michael D. Sussman
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked genetic neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive proximal to distal muscle weakness. The success of randomized clinical trials for novel therapeutics depends on outcome measurements that are sensitive to change. As the development of motor skills may lead to functional improvements in young boys with DMD, their inclusion may potentially confound clinical trials. Three-dimensional gait analysis is an under-utilized approach that can quantify joint moments and powers, which reflect functional muscle strength. In this study, gait kinetics, kinematics, spatial-temporal parameters, and timed functional tests were quantified over a one-year period for 21 boys between 4 and 8 years old who were enrolled in a multisite natural history study. At baseline, hip moments and powers were inadequate. Between the two visits, 12 boys began a corticosteroid regimen (mean duration 10.8+/− 2.4 months) while 9 boys remained steroid-naïve. Significant between-group differences favoring steroid use were found for primary kinetic outcomes (peak hip extensor moments (p=.007), duration of hip extensor moments (p=.007), peak hip power generation (p=.028)), and spatial-temporal parameters (walking speed (p=.016) and cadence (p=.021)). Significant between-group differences were not found for kinematics or timed functional tests with the exception of the 10m walk test (p=.03), which improves in typically developing children within this age range. These results indicate that hip joint kinetics can be used to identify weakness in young boys with DMD and are sensitive to corticosteroid intervention. Inclusion of gait analysis may enhance detection of a treatment effect in clinical trials particularly for young boys with more preserved muscle function002E
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Hip kinetics during gait are clinically meaningful outcomes in young boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Publication date: Available online 24 May 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Kent Heberer, Eileen Fowler, Loretta Staudt, Susan Sienko, Cathleen E. Buckon, Anita Bagley, Mitell Sison-Williamson, Craig M. McDonald, Michael D. Sussman
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked genetic neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive proximal to distal muscle weakness. The success of randomized clinical trials for novel therapeutics depends on outcome measurements that are sensitive to change. As the development of motor skills may lead to functional improvements in young boys with DMD, their inclusion may potentially confound clinical trials. Three-dimensional gait analysis is an under-utilized approach that can quantify joint moments and powers, which reflect functional muscle strength. In this study, gait kinetics, kinematics, spatial-temporal parameters, and timed functional tests were quantified over a one-year period for 21 boys between 4 and 8 years old who were enrolled in a multisite natural history study. At baseline, hip moments and powers were inadequate. Between the two visits, 12 boys began a corticosteroid regimen (mean duration 10.8+/− 2.4 months) while 9 boys remained steroid-naïve. Significant between-group differences favoring steroid use were found for primary kinetic outcomes (peak hip extensor moments (p=.007), duration of hip extensor moments (p=.007), peak hip power generation (p=.028)), and spatial-temporal parameters (walking speed (p=.016) and cadence (p=.021)). Significant between-group differences were not found for kinematics or timed functional tests with the exception of the 10m walk test (p=.03), which improves in typically developing children within this age range. These results indicate that hip joint kinetics can be used to identify weakness in young boys with DMD and are sensitive to corticosteroid intervention. Inclusion of gait analysis may enhance detection of a treatment effect in clinical trials particularly for young boys with more preserved muscle function002E
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Kent Heberer, Eileen Fowler, Loretta Staudt, Susan Sienko, Cathleen E. Buckon, Anita Bagley, Mitell Sison-Williamson, Craig M. McDonald, Michael D. Sussman
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked genetic neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive proximal to distal muscle weakness. The success of randomized clinical trials for novel therapeutics depends on outcome measurements that are sensitive to change. As the development of motor skills may lead to functional improvements in young boys with DMD, their inclusion may potentially confound clinical trials. Three-dimensional gait analysis is an under-utilized approach that can quantify joint moments and powers, which reflect functional muscle strength. In this study, gait kinetics, kinematics, spatial-temporal parameters, and timed functional tests were quantified over a one-year period for 21 boys between 4 and 8 years old who were enrolled in a multisite natural history study. At baseline, hip moments and powers were inadequate. Between the two visits, 12 boys began a corticosteroid regimen (mean duration 10.8+/− 2.4 months) while 9 boys remained steroid-naïve. Significant between-group differences favoring steroid use were found for primary kinetic outcomes (peak hip extensor moments (p=.007), duration of hip extensor moments (p=.007), peak hip power generation (p=.028)), and spatial-temporal parameters (walking speed (p=.016) and cadence (p=.021)). Significant between-group differences were not found for kinematics or timed functional tests with the exception of the 10m walk test (p=.03), which improves in typically developing children within this age range. These results indicate that hip joint kinetics can be used to identify weakness in young boys with DMD and are sensitive to corticosteroid intervention. Inclusion of gait analysis may enhance detection of a treatment effect in clinical trials particularly for young boys with more preserved muscle function002E
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mute button for tinitus
Tinnitus involves sounds heard in the ear when there are no corresponding external conditions causing the sounds. It’s often described as a ringing, buzzing, whistling or hissing sound depending on the sufferer. It is a nuisance for 7 percent of men and women in the world, which is an extreme amount of people being severely impacted by tinnitus. The condition has been linked to work as well as relationship problems and depression. In rare instances, there have been suicides linked to tinnitus.
It’s unclear what causes tinnitus, so many sufferers are unable to get relief from the symptoms. They try earplugs with white noise, soothing sounds and antidepressants to deal with the constant noise. It’s tough for those who don’t suffer from tinnitus to understand the amount of discomfort the noise causes. Some sufferers say it compares to leaving an old-time television on at night when the station would go off the air. It’s a constant high-pitched whine or alarm-type sound that sufferers can’t ignore.
Mute Button for tinnitus claims to be able to reduce the sound of tinnitus by 60 percent using stimulation of the nerves in the tongue. A device is held between the lips and sends a current through the tongue. The current is sent in synch with a sound through the headphones. The clinical trials occurred at the National University of Ireland, which tested 60 people who had tinnitus for at least 6 months. After 10 weeks of using Mute Button for tinitus for 30 minutes per day, they claim the volume for patients was reduced 42 percent.
This new device is said to retrain the brain of this illusionary sound, which seems to imply that the sufferers are imagining the debilitating noise they hear constantly in their head. While the clinical trials were populated and conducted in 2012, there’s seemingly been no headway with this device. They are still asking for volunteers for clinical trials on their website.
Sound therapy isn’t a new response to the symptoms of tinnitus. There are other types of treatments that involve sound therapy that can provide a modicum of relief to sufferers as well. Louise Hart is the senior audiologist at Action on Hearing Loss, and she was quoted as saying that while they welcome all new research into tinnitus, more evidence is required before Mute Button for tinitus can offer any hope for sufferers.
Tinnitus is a debilitating condition that is not fully understood, which is why it’s hard on sufferers. There are no real cures to the condition, and each sufferer has a different experience with programs meant to supply relief.
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The Role of Age-Related Declines in Subcortical Auditory Processing in Speech Perception in Noise
Abstract
Older adults, even those without hearing impairment, often experience increased difficulties understanding speech in the presence of background noise. This study examined the role of age-related declines in subcortical auditory processing in the perception of speech in different types of background noise. Participants included normal-hearing young (19 – 29 years) and older (60 – 72 years) adults. Normal hearing was defined as pure-tone thresholds of 25 dB HL or better at octave frequencies from 0.25 to 4 kHz in both ears and at 6 kHz in at least one ear. Speech reception thresholds (SRTs) to sentences were measured in steady-state (SS) and 10-Hz amplitude-modulated (AM) speech-shaped noise, as well as two-talker babble. In addition, click-evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and envelope following responses (EFRs) in response to the vowel /ɑ/ in quiet, SS, and AM noise were measured. Of primary interest was the relationship between the SRTs and EFRs. SRTs were significantly higher (i.e., worse) by about 1.5 dB for older adults in two-talker babble but not in AM and SS noise. In addition, the EFRs of the older adults were less robust compared to the younger participants in quiet, AM, and SS noise. Both young and older adults showed a “neural masking release,” indicated by a more robust EFR at the trough compared to the peak of the AM masker. The amount of neural masking release did not differ between the two age groups. Variability in SRTs was best accounted for by audiometric thresholds (pure-tone average across 0.5–4 kHz) and not by the EFR in quiet or noise. Aging is thus associated with a degradation of the EFR, both in quiet and noise. However, these declines in subcortical neural speech encoding are not necessarily associated with impaired perception of speech in noise, as measured by the SRT, in normal-hearing older adults.
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