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Παρασκευή 2 Νοεμβρίου 2018
Verb Variability and Morphosyntactic Priming With Typically Developing 2- and 3-Year-Olds
Purpose
This study was specifically designed to examine how verb variability and verb overlap in a morphosyntactic priming task affect typically developing children's use and generalization of auxiliary IS.
Method
Forty typically developing 2- to 3-year-old native English-speaking children with inconsistent auxiliary IS production were primed with 24 present progressive auxiliary IS sentences. Half of the children heard auxiliary IS primes with 24 unique verbs (high variability). The other half heard auxiliary IS primes with only 6 verbs, repeated 4 times each (low variability). In addition, half of the children heard prime–target pairs with overlapping verbs (lexical boost), whereas the other half heard prime–target pairs with nonoverlapping verbs (no lexical boost). To assess use and generalization of the targeted structure to untrained verbs, all children described probe items at baseline and 5 min and 24 hr after the priming task.
Results
Children in the high variability group demonstrated strong priming effects during the task and increased auxiliary IS production compared with baseline performance 5 min and 24 hr after the priming task, suggesting learning and generalization of the primed structure. Children in the low variability group showed no significant increases in auxiliary IS production and fell significantly below the high variability group in the 24-hr posttest. Verb overlap did not boost priming effects during the priming task or in posttest probes.
Conclusions
Typically developing children do indeed make use of lexical variability in their linguistic input to help them extract and generalize abstract grammatical rules. They can do this quite quickly, with relatively stable, robust learning occurring after a single optimally variable input session. With reduced variability, learning does not occur.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2CXiUme
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Structural Relationship Between Cognitive Processing and Syntactic Sentence Comprehension in Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder
Purpose
We assessed the potential direct and indirect (mediated) influences of 4 cognitive mechanisms we believe are theoretically relevant to canonical and noncanonical sentence comprehension of school-age children with and without developmental language disorder (DLD).
Method
One hundred seventeen children with DLD and 117 propensity-matched typically developing (TD) children participated. Comprehension was indexed by children identifying the agent in implausible sentences. Children completed cognitive tasks indexing the latent predictors of fluid reasoning (FLD-R), controlled attention (CATT), complex working memory (cWM), and long-term memory language knowledge (LTM-LK).
Results
Structural equation modeling revealed that the best model fit was an indirect model in which cWM mediated the relationship among FLD-R, CATT, LTM-LK, and sentence comprehension. For TD children, comprehension of both sentence types was indirectly influenced by FLD-R (pattern recognition) and LTM-LK (linguistic chunking). For children with DLD, canonical sentence comprehension was indirectly influenced by LTM-LK and CATT, and noncanonical comprehension was indirectly influenced just by CATT.
Conclusions
cWM mediates sentence comprehension in children with DLD and TD children. For TD children, comprehension occurs automatically through pattern recognition and linguistic chunking. For children with DLD, comprehension is cognitively effortful. Whereas canonical comprehension occurs through chunking, noncanonical comprehension develops on a word-by-word basis.
Supplemental Material
https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7178939from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2P3IWvi
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Minimally Detectable Change and Minimal Clinically Important Difference of a Decline in Sentence Intelligibility and Speaking Rate for Individuals With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine the minimally detectable change (MDC) and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of a decline in speech sentence intelligibility and speaking rate for individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We also examined how the MDC and MCID vary across severities of dysarthria.
Method
One-hundred forty-seven patients with ALS and 49 healthy control subjects were selected from a larger, longitudinal study of bulbar decline in ALS, resulting in a total of 650 observations. Intelligibility and speaking rate in words per minute (WPM) were calculated using the Sentence Intelligibility Test (Yorkston, Beukelman, & Hakel, 2007), and the ALS Functional Rating Scale–Revised (Cedarbaum et al., 1999) was administered to capture patient perception of motor impairment. The MDC at the 95% confidence level was estimated using the following formula: MDC95 = 1.96 × √2 × SEM. For estimation of the MCID, receiver operating characteristic curves were generated, and area under the curve and optimal thresholds to maximize sensitivity and specificity were calculated.
Results
The MDC for sentence intelligibility was 12.07%, and the MCID was 1.43%. The MDC for speaking rate was 36.57 WPM, and the MCID was 8.80 WPM. Both MDC and MCID estimates varied with severity of dysarthria.
Conclusions
The findings suggest that declines greater than 12% sentence intelligibility and 37 WPM are required to be outside measurement error and that these estimates vary widely across dysarthria severities. The MDC and MCID metrics used in this study to detect real and clinically relevant change should be estimated for other measures of speech outcomes in intervention research.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2CXiRa2
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Treating Speech Movement Hypokinesia in Parkinson's Disease: Does Movement Size Matter?
Purpose
This study evaluates the effects of a novel speech therapy program that uses a verbal cue and gamified augmented visual feedback regarding tongue movements to address articulatory hypokinesia during speech in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD).
Method
Five participants with PD participated in an ABA single-subject design study. The treatment aimed to increase tongue movement size using a combination of a verbal cue and augmented visual feedback and was conducted in 10 45-min sessions over 5 weeks. The presence of visual feedback was manipulated during treatment. Articulatory working space of the tongue was the primary outcome measure and was examined during treatment and in cued and uncued sentences pre- and posttreatment. Changes in speech intelligibility in response to a verbal cue pre- and posttreatment were also examined.
Results
During treatment, 4/5 participants showed a beneficial effect of visual feedback on tongue articulatory working space. At the end of the treatment, they used larger tongue movements when cued, relative to their pretreatment performance. None of the participants, however, generalized the effect to the uncued sentences. Speech intelligibility of cued sentences was judged as superior posttreatment only in a single participant.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that using an augmented visual feedback approach is beneficial, beyond a verbal cue alone, in addressing articulatory hypokinesia in individuals with PD. An optimal degree of articulatory expansion might, however, be required to elicit a speech intelligibility benefit.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2P7WoOK
via IFTTT
Verb Variability and Morphosyntactic Priming With Typically Developing 2- and 3-Year-Olds
Purpose
This study was specifically designed to examine how verb variability and verb overlap in a morphosyntactic priming task affect typically developing children's use and generalization of auxiliary IS.
Method
Forty typically developing 2- to 3-year-old native English-speaking children with inconsistent auxiliary IS production were primed with 24 present progressive auxiliary IS sentences. Half of the children heard auxiliary IS primes with 24 unique verbs (high variability). The other half heard auxiliary IS primes with only 6 verbs, repeated 4 times each (low variability). In addition, half of the children heard prime–target pairs with overlapping verbs (lexical boost), whereas the other half heard prime–target pairs with nonoverlapping verbs (no lexical boost). To assess use and generalization of the targeted structure to untrained verbs, all children described probe items at baseline and 5 min and 24 hr after the priming task.
Results
Children in the high variability group demonstrated strong priming effects during the task and increased auxiliary IS production compared with baseline performance 5 min and 24 hr after the priming task, suggesting learning and generalization of the primed structure. Children in the low variability group showed no significant increases in auxiliary IS production and fell significantly below the high variability group in the 24-hr posttest. Verb overlap did not boost priming effects during the priming task or in posttest probes.
Conclusions
Typically developing children do indeed make use of lexical variability in their linguistic input to help them extract and generalize abstract grammatical rules. They can do this quite quickly, with relatively stable, robust learning occurring after a single optimally variable input session. With reduced variability, learning does not occur.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2CXiUme
via IFTTT
Structural Relationship Between Cognitive Processing and Syntactic Sentence Comprehension in Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder
Purpose
We assessed the potential direct and indirect (mediated) influences of 4 cognitive mechanisms we believe are theoretically relevant to canonical and noncanonical sentence comprehension of school-age children with and without developmental language disorder (DLD).
Method
One hundred seventeen children with DLD and 117 propensity-matched typically developing (TD) children participated. Comprehension was indexed by children identifying the agent in implausible sentences. Children completed cognitive tasks indexing the latent predictors of fluid reasoning (FLD-R), controlled attention (CATT), complex working memory (cWM), and long-term memory language knowledge (LTM-LK).
Results
Structural equation modeling revealed that the best model fit was an indirect model in which cWM mediated the relationship among FLD-R, CATT, LTM-LK, and sentence comprehension. For TD children, comprehension of both sentence types was indirectly influenced by FLD-R (pattern recognition) and LTM-LK (linguistic chunking). For children with DLD, canonical sentence comprehension was indirectly influenced by LTM-LK and CATT, and noncanonical comprehension was indirectly influenced just by CATT.
Conclusions
cWM mediates sentence comprehension in children with DLD and TD children. For TD children, comprehension occurs automatically through pattern recognition and linguistic chunking. For children with DLD, comprehension is cognitively effortful. Whereas canonical comprehension occurs through chunking, noncanonical comprehension develops on a word-by-word basis.
Supplemental Material
https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7178939from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2P3IWvi
via IFTTT
Minimally Detectable Change and Minimal Clinically Important Difference of a Decline in Sentence Intelligibility and Speaking Rate for Individuals With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine the minimally detectable change (MDC) and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of a decline in speech sentence intelligibility and speaking rate for individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We also examined how the MDC and MCID vary across severities of dysarthria.
Method
One-hundred forty-seven patients with ALS and 49 healthy control subjects were selected from a larger, longitudinal study of bulbar decline in ALS, resulting in a total of 650 observations. Intelligibility and speaking rate in words per minute (WPM) were calculated using the Sentence Intelligibility Test (Yorkston, Beukelman, & Hakel, 2007), and the ALS Functional Rating Scale–Revised (Cedarbaum et al., 1999) was administered to capture patient perception of motor impairment. The MDC at the 95% confidence level was estimated using the following formula: MDC95 = 1.96 × √2 × SEM. For estimation of the MCID, receiver operating characteristic curves were generated, and area under the curve and optimal thresholds to maximize sensitivity and specificity were calculated.
Results
The MDC for sentence intelligibility was 12.07%, and the MCID was 1.43%. The MDC for speaking rate was 36.57 WPM, and the MCID was 8.80 WPM. Both MDC and MCID estimates varied with severity of dysarthria.
Conclusions
The findings suggest that declines greater than 12% sentence intelligibility and 37 WPM are required to be outside measurement error and that these estimates vary widely across dysarthria severities. The MDC and MCID metrics used in this study to detect real and clinically relevant change should be estimated for other measures of speech outcomes in intervention research.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2CXiRa2
via IFTTT
Treating Speech Movement Hypokinesia in Parkinson's Disease: Does Movement Size Matter?
Purpose
This study evaluates the effects of a novel speech therapy program that uses a verbal cue and gamified augmented visual feedback regarding tongue movements to address articulatory hypokinesia during speech in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD).
Method
Five participants with PD participated in an ABA single-subject design study. The treatment aimed to increase tongue movement size using a combination of a verbal cue and augmented visual feedback and was conducted in 10 45-min sessions over 5 weeks. The presence of visual feedback was manipulated during treatment. Articulatory working space of the tongue was the primary outcome measure and was examined during treatment and in cued and uncued sentences pre- and posttreatment. Changes in speech intelligibility in response to a verbal cue pre- and posttreatment were also examined.
Results
During treatment, 4/5 participants showed a beneficial effect of visual feedback on tongue articulatory working space. At the end of the treatment, they used larger tongue movements when cued, relative to their pretreatment performance. None of the participants, however, generalized the effect to the uncued sentences. Speech intelligibility of cued sentences was judged as superior posttreatment only in a single participant.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that using an augmented visual feedback approach is beneficial, beyond a verbal cue alone, in addressing articulatory hypokinesia in individuals with PD. An optimal degree of articulatory expansion might, however, be required to elicit a speech intelligibility benefit.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2P7WoOK
via IFTTT
Inter-frequency amplitude ratio of oVEMP for differentiating Meniere's disease from BPPV: clinical validation using a double-blind approach.
| Related Articles |
Inter-frequency amplitude ratio of oVEMP for differentiating Meniere's disease from BPPV: clinical validation using a double-blind approach.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Nov 01;:1-8
Authors: Singh NK, Barman A
Abstract
The study aimed at examining the usefulness of inter-frequency amplitude ratio (IFAR) of ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) in identifying Meniere's disease (MD) and differentiating it from benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). A case-control design was used with a double blind approach. Phase 1 included 70 healthy individuals and 36 individuals each with MD and BPPV and Phase 2 included 20 individuals each with MD and BPPV. The age range of the participants in both phases was 15-50 years. All participants underwent oVEMP testing using 500 and 1000 Hz tone bursts and IFAR was obtained. The results in phase 1 revealed significantly higher IFARs in Meniere's disease than BPPV and healthy individuals (p < 0.001). An optimum criterion point of IFAR ≥1.11 for diagnosing MD was found which yielded 80% sensitivity and 98% specificity. The results in phase 2 demonstrated 85% correct identification of MD and 95% correct rejection of BPPV as non-MD. IFAR of oVEMP appears highly sensitive and specific parameter for identifying MD and a clinically valid tool for differentiating MD from BPPV.
PMID: 30382796 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Negative hearing effects of a single course of IV aminoglycoside therapy in cystic fibrosis patients.
| Related Articles |
Negative hearing effects of a single course of IV aminoglycoside therapy in cystic fibrosis patients.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Nov 01;:1-8
Authors: Gleser MA, Zettner EM
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Identify hearing effects of a single course of intravenous (IV) aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGs) therapy in adult cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Determine whether the change is large enough to enable a proof-of-concept study of a new drug preventing AG-associated hearing loss.
DESIGN: Retrospective case review of CF patients with sequential audiograms ± an intervening course of IV AG therapy.
STUDY SAMPLE: 84 patients with no intervening IV AG treatment, 38 patients undergoing a single course of IV AGs.
RESULTS: Using ASHA ototoxicity metrics, 45% of adult CF patients in the Single-IV group met the criteria for ototoxicity compared to 23% of the No-IV patients. Other hearing metrics including the average maximal threshold shift (TS) and average high frequency TS showed highly significant differences between groups. Testing only participants with mild or greater pre-therapy high frequency hearing loss further increased the differences between the two groups by every metric tested.
CONCLUSION: Adult CF patients exposed to a single course of IV AGs have significantly greater TS than patients without IV AG exposure. Patients with mild to moderate hearing loss prior to AG-IVs are at increased risk of developing ototoxicity from subsequent parenteral AG therapy.
PMID: 30382794 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2ETcJlM
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Effects of signal bandwidth on listening effort in young- and middle-aged adults.
| Related Articles |
Effects of signal bandwidth on listening effort in young- and middle-aged adults.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Nov 01;:1-7
Authors: Cramer JL, Donai JJ
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of signal bandwidth, noise and signal predictability on listening effort among younger and middle-aged individuals with normal hearing, where YNH = young normal hearing and ONH = older normal hearing. It was of interest to determine if a reduction in high-frequency energy would differentially influence performance between the two groups. A mixed-model design was used, where listening effort, word identification and effort ratings served as the within-subject factors and listener group served as the between-subject factor. Twenty listeners aged 18-25 years (YNH group) and 20 listeners aged 40-55 years (ONH group) participated in the experiment. Results showed significantly poorer word recall and significantly higher perceived effort among the ONH group. Increasing the signal bandwidth from 2 to 8 kHz significantly improved word recall and decreased listening effort ratings. Effort ratings from both groups matched word recall performance in that when word recall was lower perceived effort was higher and when word recall was higher perceived effort was lower. In general, providing additional high-frequency energy up to 8 kHz reduced listening effort among both groups of listeners. However, the ONH group, experienced additional effort when completing the tasks.
PMID: 30382793 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2AHekHq
via IFTTT
Inter-frequency amplitude ratio of oVEMP for differentiating Meniere's disease from BPPV: clinical validation using a double-blind approach.
| Related Articles |
Inter-frequency amplitude ratio of oVEMP for differentiating Meniere's disease from BPPV: clinical validation using a double-blind approach.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Nov 01;:1-8
Authors: Singh NK, Barman A
Abstract
The study aimed at examining the usefulness of inter-frequency amplitude ratio (IFAR) of ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) in identifying Meniere's disease (MD) and differentiating it from benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). A case-control design was used with a double blind approach. Phase 1 included 70 healthy individuals and 36 individuals each with MD and BPPV and Phase 2 included 20 individuals each with MD and BPPV. The age range of the participants in both phases was 15-50 years. All participants underwent oVEMP testing using 500 and 1000 Hz tone bursts and IFAR was obtained. The results in phase 1 revealed significantly higher IFARs in Meniere's disease than BPPV and healthy individuals (p < 0.001). An optimum criterion point of IFAR ≥1.11 for diagnosing MD was found which yielded 80% sensitivity and 98% specificity. The results in phase 2 demonstrated 85% correct identification of MD and 95% correct rejection of BPPV as non-MD. IFAR of oVEMP appears highly sensitive and specific parameter for identifying MD and a clinically valid tool for differentiating MD from BPPV.
PMID: 30382796 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2AJkSFp
via IFTTT
Negative hearing effects of a single course of IV aminoglycoside therapy in cystic fibrosis patients.
| Related Articles |
Negative hearing effects of a single course of IV aminoglycoside therapy in cystic fibrosis patients.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Nov 01;:1-8
Authors: Gleser MA, Zettner EM
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Identify hearing effects of a single course of intravenous (IV) aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGs) therapy in adult cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Determine whether the change is large enough to enable a proof-of-concept study of a new drug preventing AG-associated hearing loss.
DESIGN: Retrospective case review of CF patients with sequential audiograms ± an intervening course of IV AG therapy.
STUDY SAMPLE: 84 patients with no intervening IV AG treatment, 38 patients undergoing a single course of IV AGs.
RESULTS: Using ASHA ototoxicity metrics, 45% of adult CF patients in the Single-IV group met the criteria for ototoxicity compared to 23% of the No-IV patients. Other hearing metrics including the average maximal threshold shift (TS) and average high frequency TS showed highly significant differences between groups. Testing only participants with mild or greater pre-therapy high frequency hearing loss further increased the differences between the two groups by every metric tested.
CONCLUSION: Adult CF patients exposed to a single course of IV AGs have significantly greater TS than patients without IV AG exposure. Patients with mild to moderate hearing loss prior to AG-IVs are at increased risk of developing ototoxicity from subsequent parenteral AG therapy.
PMID: 30382794 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2ETcJlM
via IFTTT
Effects of signal bandwidth on listening effort in young- and middle-aged adults.
| Related Articles |
Effects of signal bandwidth on listening effort in young- and middle-aged adults.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Nov 01;:1-7
Authors: Cramer JL, Donai JJ
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of signal bandwidth, noise and signal predictability on listening effort among younger and middle-aged individuals with normal hearing, where YNH = young normal hearing and ONH = older normal hearing. It was of interest to determine if a reduction in high-frequency energy would differentially influence performance between the two groups. A mixed-model design was used, where listening effort, word identification and effort ratings served as the within-subject factors and listener group served as the between-subject factor. Twenty listeners aged 18-25 years (YNH group) and 20 listeners aged 40-55 years (ONH group) participated in the experiment. Results showed significantly poorer word recall and significantly higher perceived effort among the ONH group. Increasing the signal bandwidth from 2 to 8 kHz significantly improved word recall and decreased listening effort ratings. Effort ratings from both groups matched word recall performance in that when word recall was lower perceived effort was higher and when word recall was higher perceived effort was lower. In general, providing additional high-frequency energy up to 8 kHz reduced listening effort among both groups of listeners. However, the ONH group, experienced additional effort when completing the tasks.
PMID: 30382793 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2AHekHq
via IFTTT
Inter-frequency amplitude ratio of oVEMP for differentiating Meniere's disease from BPPV: clinical validation using a double-blind approach.
Inter-frequency amplitude ratio of oVEMP for differentiating Meniere's disease from BPPV: clinical validation using a double-blind approach.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Nov 01;:1-8
Authors: Singh NK, Barman A
Abstract
The study aimed at examining the usefulness of inter-frequency amplitude ratio (IFAR) of ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) in identifying Meniere's disease (MD) and differentiating it from benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). A case-control design was used with a double blind approach. Phase 1 included 70 healthy individuals and 36 individuals each with MD and BPPV and Phase 2 included 20 individuals each with MD and BPPV. The age range of the participants in both phases was 15-50 years. All participants underwent oVEMP testing using 500 and 1000 Hz tone bursts and IFAR was obtained. The results in phase 1 revealed significantly higher IFARs in Meniere's disease than BPPV and healthy individuals (p < 0.001). An optimum criterion point of IFAR ≥1.11 for diagnosing MD was found which yielded 80% sensitivity and 98% specificity. The results in phase 2 demonstrated 85% correct identification of MD and 95% correct rejection of BPPV as non-MD. IFAR of oVEMP appears highly sensitive and specific parameter for identifying MD and a clinically valid tool for differentiating MD from BPPV.
PMID: 30382796 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2AJkSFp
via IFTTT
Negative hearing effects of a single course of IV aminoglycoside therapy in cystic fibrosis patients.
Negative hearing effects of a single course of IV aminoglycoside therapy in cystic fibrosis patients.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Nov 01;:1-8
Authors: Gleser MA, Zettner EM
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Identify hearing effects of a single course of intravenous (IV) aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGs) therapy in adult cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Determine whether the change is large enough to enable a proof-of-concept study of a new drug preventing AG-associated hearing loss.
DESIGN: Retrospective case review of CF patients with sequential audiograms ± an intervening course of IV AG therapy.
STUDY SAMPLE: 84 patients with no intervening IV AG treatment, 38 patients undergoing a single course of IV AGs.
RESULTS: Using ASHA ototoxicity metrics, 45% of adult CF patients in the Single-IV group met the criteria for ototoxicity compared to 23% of the No-IV patients. Other hearing metrics including the average maximal threshold shift (TS) and average high frequency TS showed highly significant differences between groups. Testing only participants with mild or greater pre-therapy high frequency hearing loss further increased the differences between the two groups by every metric tested.
CONCLUSION: Adult CF patients exposed to a single course of IV AGs have significantly greater TS than patients without IV AG exposure. Patients with mild to moderate hearing loss prior to AG-IVs are at increased risk of developing ototoxicity from subsequent parenteral AG therapy.
PMID: 30382794 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2ETcJlM
via IFTTT
Effects of signal bandwidth on listening effort in young- and middle-aged adults.
Effects of signal bandwidth on listening effort in young- and middle-aged adults.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Nov 01;:1-7
Authors: Cramer JL, Donai JJ
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of signal bandwidth, noise and signal predictability on listening effort among younger and middle-aged individuals with normal hearing, where YNH = young normal hearing and ONH = older normal hearing. It was of interest to determine if a reduction in high-frequency energy would differentially influence performance between the two groups. A mixed-model design was used, where listening effort, word identification and effort ratings served as the within-subject factors and listener group served as the between-subject factor. Twenty listeners aged 18-25 years (YNH group) and 20 listeners aged 40-55 years (ONH group) participated in the experiment. Results showed significantly poorer word recall and significantly higher perceived effort among the ONH group. Increasing the signal bandwidth from 2 to 8 kHz significantly improved word recall and decreased listening effort ratings. Effort ratings from both groups matched word recall performance in that when word recall was lower perceived effort was higher and when word recall was higher perceived effort was lower. In general, providing additional high-frequency energy up to 8 kHz reduced listening effort among both groups of listeners. However, the ONH group, experienced additional effort when completing the tasks.
PMID: 30382793 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2AHekHq
via IFTTT
Inter-frequency amplitude ratio of oVEMP for differentiating Meniere's disease from BPPV: clinical validation using a double-blind approach.
Inter-frequency amplitude ratio of oVEMP for differentiating Meniere's disease from BPPV: clinical validation using a double-blind approach.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Nov 01;:1-8
Authors: Singh NK, Barman A
Abstract
The study aimed at examining the usefulness of inter-frequency amplitude ratio (IFAR) of ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) in identifying Meniere's disease (MD) and differentiating it from benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). A case-control design was used with a double blind approach. Phase 1 included 70 healthy individuals and 36 individuals each with MD and BPPV and Phase 2 included 20 individuals each with MD and BPPV. The age range of the participants in both phases was 15-50 years. All participants underwent oVEMP testing using 500 and 1000 Hz tone bursts and IFAR was obtained. The results in phase 1 revealed significantly higher IFARs in Meniere's disease than BPPV and healthy individuals (p < 0.001). An optimum criterion point of IFAR ≥1.11 for diagnosing MD was found which yielded 80% sensitivity and 98% specificity. The results in phase 2 demonstrated 85% correct identification of MD and 95% correct rejection of BPPV as non-MD. IFAR of oVEMP appears highly sensitive and specific parameter for identifying MD and a clinically valid tool for differentiating MD from BPPV.
PMID: 30382796 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2AJkSFp
via IFTTT
Negative hearing effects of a single course of IV aminoglycoside therapy in cystic fibrosis patients.
Negative hearing effects of a single course of IV aminoglycoside therapy in cystic fibrosis patients.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Nov 01;:1-8
Authors: Gleser MA, Zettner EM
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Identify hearing effects of a single course of intravenous (IV) aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGs) therapy in adult cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Determine whether the change is large enough to enable a proof-of-concept study of a new drug preventing AG-associated hearing loss.
DESIGN: Retrospective case review of CF patients with sequential audiograms ± an intervening course of IV AG therapy.
STUDY SAMPLE: 84 patients with no intervening IV AG treatment, 38 patients undergoing a single course of IV AGs.
RESULTS: Using ASHA ototoxicity metrics, 45% of adult CF patients in the Single-IV group met the criteria for ototoxicity compared to 23% of the No-IV patients. Other hearing metrics including the average maximal threshold shift (TS) and average high frequency TS showed highly significant differences between groups. Testing only participants with mild or greater pre-therapy high frequency hearing loss further increased the differences between the two groups by every metric tested.
CONCLUSION: Adult CF patients exposed to a single course of IV AGs have significantly greater TS than patients without IV AG exposure. Patients with mild to moderate hearing loss prior to AG-IVs are at increased risk of developing ototoxicity from subsequent parenteral AG therapy.
PMID: 30382794 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2ETcJlM
via IFTTT
Effects of signal bandwidth on listening effort in young- and middle-aged adults.
Effects of signal bandwidth on listening effort in young- and middle-aged adults.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Nov 01;:1-7
Authors: Cramer JL, Donai JJ
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of signal bandwidth, noise and signal predictability on listening effort among younger and middle-aged individuals with normal hearing, where YNH = young normal hearing and ONH = older normal hearing. It was of interest to determine if a reduction in high-frequency energy would differentially influence performance between the two groups. A mixed-model design was used, where listening effort, word identification and effort ratings served as the within-subject factors and listener group served as the between-subject factor. Twenty listeners aged 18-25 years (YNH group) and 20 listeners aged 40-55 years (ONH group) participated in the experiment. Results showed significantly poorer word recall and significantly higher perceived effort among the ONH group. Increasing the signal bandwidth from 2 to 8 kHz significantly improved word recall and decreased listening effort ratings. Effort ratings from both groups matched word recall performance in that when word recall was lower perceived effort was higher and when word recall was higher perceived effort was lower. In general, providing additional high-frequency energy up to 8 kHz reduced listening effort among both groups of listeners. However, the ONH group, experienced additional effort when completing the tasks.
PMID: 30382793 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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KINESIOPHOBIA, BUT NOT STRENGTH IS ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED MOVEMENT IN WOMEN WITH PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN
Publication date: Available online 1 November 2018
Source: Gait & Posture
Author(s): Danilo de Oliveira Silva, Christian John Barton, Ronaldo Valdir Briani, Bianca Taborda, Amanda Schenatto Ferreira, Marcella Ferraz Pazzinatto, Fábio Mícolis de Azevedo
Abstract
Background
Evidence indicates the presence of both kinesiophobia and knee extension strength deficits in women with patellofemoral pain (PFP). Both impairments may contribute to apparent compensatory gait patterns including reduced cadence and peak knee flexion during stair negotiation.
Research question
Is kinesiophobia or knee extension strength associated with movement pattern in women with patellofemoral pain?
Methods
Forty women with PFP were assessed with three-dimensional kinematic analyses during stair descent; isokinetic dynamometry of the knee extensors (isometric, concentric and eccentric); and the Tampa scale for kinesiophobia. Pearson coefficients were calculated to determine relationship among variables.
Results
Kinesiophobia correlated significantly with cadence (r = -0.62, p < 0.001), and peak knee flexion (r = -0.76, p < 0.001). No significant correlations were found between any knee extensor strength variables and kinematics (cadence or peak knee flexion); or kinesiophobia (p > 0.05).
Significance
Findings of this study could suggest addressing strength impairments alone may not adequately address kinesiophobia and movement pattern impairments in women with PFP. However, high-quality randomised controlled trials are needed to test this assumption. Further value may be added if currently evidence-based knee strengthening exercise is combined with education and/or graded exposure to address kinesiophobia, and consideration to gait retraining to address altered movement patterns at the knee.
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KINESIOPHOBIA, BUT NOT STRENGTH IS ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED MOVEMENT IN WOMEN WITH PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN
Publication date: Available online 1 November 2018
Source: Gait & Posture
Author(s): Danilo de Oliveira Silva, Christian John Barton, Ronaldo Valdir Briani, Bianca Taborda, Amanda Schenatto Ferreira, Marcella Ferraz Pazzinatto, Fábio Mícolis de Azevedo
Abstract
Background
Evidence indicates the presence of both kinesiophobia and knee extension strength deficits in women with patellofemoral pain (PFP). Both impairments may contribute to apparent compensatory gait patterns including reduced cadence and peak knee flexion during stair negotiation.
Research question
Is kinesiophobia or knee extension strength associated with movement pattern in women with patellofemoral pain?
Methods
Forty women with PFP were assessed with three-dimensional kinematic analyses during stair descent; isokinetic dynamometry of the knee extensors (isometric, concentric and eccentric); and the Tampa scale for kinesiophobia. Pearson coefficients were calculated to determine relationship among variables.
Results
Kinesiophobia correlated significantly with cadence (r = -0.62, p < 0.001), and peak knee flexion (r = -0.76, p < 0.001). No significant correlations were found between any knee extensor strength variables and kinematics (cadence or peak knee flexion); or kinesiophobia (p > 0.05).
Significance
Findings of this study could suggest addressing strength impairments alone may not adequately address kinesiophobia and movement pattern impairments in women with PFP. However, high-quality randomised controlled trials are needed to test this assumption. Further value may be added if currently evidence-based knee strengthening exercise is combined with education and/or graded exposure to address kinesiophobia, and consideration to gait retraining to address altered movement patterns at the knee.
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