Publication date: Available online 30 July 2018
Source: Gait & Posture
Author(s): H. Adams, N. De Beukelaer, C. Huenaerts, B. Hanssen, L. Bar-on, S.H. Schless, A. Van Campenhout, E. Ortibus, N. Peeters, K. Desloovere
Publication date: Available online 30 July 2018
Source: Gait & Posture
Author(s): H. Adams, N. De Beukelaer, C. Huenaerts, B. Hanssen, L. Bar-on, S.H. Schless, A. Van Campenhout, E. Ortibus, N. Peeters, K. Desloovere
Publication date: September 2018
Source: Gait & Posture, Volume 65
Author(s): Benjamin F. Mentiplay, Megan Banky, Ross A. Clark, Michelle B. Kahn, Gavin Williams
Although it is well established that lower limb joint angles adapt to walking at various speeds, limited research has examined the modifications in joint angular velocity. There is currently no normative dataset for joint angular velocity during walking, which would be useful to allow comparisons for patient cohorts. Additionally, understanding normal joint angular velocity may assist clinical assessment and treatment procedures to incorporate methods that replicate the movement speed of the lower limb joints during walking.
This study aimed to examine lower limb joint angles and angular velocities in a healthy population walking at various gait speeds.
Thirty-six healthy adult participants underwent three-dimensional gait analysis while walking at various speeds during habitual and slowed walking. The peak joint angles and angular velocities during important phases of the gait cycle were examined for the hip, knee and ankle in the sagittal plane. Data were grouped in 0.2 m/s increments from a walking speed of 0.4 m/s to 1.6 m/s to represent the range of walking speeds reported in studies of people with gait impairments.
For joint angles and angular velocities, the shape of the gait traces were consistent regardless of the walking speed. However as walking speed increased, so did the peak joint angles and angular velocities for the hip, knee and ankle. The largest angular velocity occurred when the knee joint extended at the terminal swing phase of gait. For the ankle and hip joints, the largest angular velocity occurred during the push-off phase.
This study examined how lower limb joint angular velocities change with various walking speeds. These data can be used as a comparator for data from clinical cohorts, and has the potential to be used to match clinical assessment and treatment methods to joint angular velocity during walking.
Publication date: Available online 30 July 2018
Source: Gait & Posture
Author(s): A. Choudhury, R. Lambkin, E. Auvinet, F. Iranpour, D. Tennent, C. Hing, J. Cobb
Publication date: September 2018
Source: Gait & Posture, Volume 65
Author(s): Benjamin F. Mentiplay, Megan Banky, Ross A. Clark, Michelle B. Kahn, Gavin Williams
Although it is well established that lower limb joint angles adapt to walking at various speeds, limited research has examined the modifications in joint angular velocity. There is currently no normative dataset for joint angular velocity during walking, which would be useful to allow comparisons for patient cohorts. Additionally, understanding normal joint angular velocity may assist clinical assessment and treatment procedures to incorporate methods that replicate the movement speed of the lower limb joints during walking.
This study aimed to examine lower limb joint angles and angular velocities in a healthy population walking at various gait speeds.
Thirty-six healthy adult participants underwent three-dimensional gait analysis while walking at various speeds during habitual and slowed walking. The peak joint angles and angular velocities during important phases of the gait cycle were examined for the hip, knee and ankle in the sagittal plane. Data were grouped in 0.2 m/s increments from a walking speed of 0.4 m/s to 1.6 m/s to represent the range of walking speeds reported in studies of people with gait impairments.
For joint angles and angular velocities, the shape of the gait traces were consistent regardless of the walking speed. However as walking speed increased, so did the peak joint angles and angular velocities for the hip, knee and ankle. The largest angular velocity occurred when the knee joint extended at the terminal swing phase of gait. For the ankle and hip joints, the largest angular velocity occurred during the push-off phase.
This study examined how lower limb joint angular velocities change with various walking speeds. These data can be used as a comparator for data from clinical cohorts, and has the potential to be used to match clinical assessment and treatment methods to joint angular velocity during walking.
Publication date: Available online 30 July 2018
Source: Gait & Posture
Author(s): A. Choudhury, R. Lambkin, E. Auvinet, F. Iranpour, D. Tennent, C. Hing, J. Cobb
Non-usage of earplugs, alcohol and drug use, and the male sex are associated with a temporary threshold shift after music exposure at outdoor music festivals, a new study found. (JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018;144[6]:490.) This prospective analysis gathered data from a randomized, single-blind clinical trial conducted at a 4.5-hour outdoor music festival involving 51 volunteers in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Mean threshold change across 3.0 and 4.0 kHz was 5.4 (5.7) dB for the right ear and 4.0 (6.1) dB for the left ear. Earplug use, quantity of alcohol use, drug use, and male sex were independently associated with hearing loss, with earplug use being the most important factor, which had an absolute difference of -6.0 dB in the left ear and -6.4 dB in the right ear. Unprotected participants reported significantly worse subjective hearing performance and tinnitus after the festival visit than did participants who used earplugs. The study authors said physicians should consider these factors to raise awareness about the combined risk of attending music festivals without using earplugs while consuming alcohol and/or drugs.
Non-usage of earplugs, alcohol and drug use, and the male sex are associated with a temporary threshold shift after music exposure at outdoor music festivals, a new study found. (JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018;144[6]:490.) This prospective analysis gathered data from a randomized, single-blind clinical trial conducted at a 4.5-hour outdoor music festival involving 51 volunteers in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Mean threshold change across 3.0 and 4.0 kHz was 5.4 (5.7) dB for the right ear and 4.0 (6.1) dB for the left ear. Earplug use, quantity of alcohol use, drug use, and male sex were independently associated with hearing loss, with earplug use being the most important factor, which had an absolute difference of -6.0 dB in the left ear and -6.4 dB in the right ear. Unprotected participants reported significantly worse subjective hearing performance and tinnitus after the festival visit than did participants who used earplugs. The study authors said physicians should consider these factors to raise awareness about the combined risk of attending music festivals without using earplugs while consuming alcohol and/or drugs.
Documented, Systematic and Individualized Communication With the Attending Physician for Fall Risk Reduction/Injury Mitigation Care Planning.
J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2018 Aug;19(8):714-716
Authors: Smith DA
Abstract
Falls are common in nursing homes (NHs) and may result in serious injury to the resident as well as legal and regulatory liability for the NH. Some of these falls and injuries might be avoided if attending physicians were involved in risk reduction. I developed a communication tool to solicit from attending physicians specific risks for patients most likely to experience a fall and injury, and to consider strategies to reduce those risks. The communication tool addresses medications, osteopenia, vitamin D deficiency, vision, hearing, gait/balance/peripheral sensation, injury mitigation, altered mental status, restraints, and philosophy of treatment. An important component of implementation is to ensure full participation by the attending physician. Suggestions for implementation and evaluation are discussed, as well as potential application to clinical problems other than falls.
PMID: 30055821 [PubMed - in process]
Decreased disulphide/thiol ratio in patients with autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2018 Sep;112:188-192
Authors: Balta B, Gundogdu R, Erdogan M, Alisik M, Kiraz A, Ozcan I, Erel O
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Oxidative stress plays a key role in the formation of age-related, noise-induced and drug-induced hearing loss. Thiols are organic compounds which can react with free radicals to protect against tissue and cell damage caused by reactive oxygen. There are no studies in literature on the association between autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss(ARNSHL) including GJB2 and non-GJB2 mutations and thiol-disulphide balance. In this study, we aim to assess whether thiol-disulphide balance is disrupted in patients with ARNSHL.
METHODS: Thirty-one ARNSHL patients and thirty-one healthy controls were included in this study. Patients whose parents were first degree cousins and who had at least two congenital hearing loss in the same family were included in the study. Audiological tests included air - bone pure tone audiometry and auditory brain stem response. GJB2 gene analysis was performed using sanger sequence method. Tests of thiol/disulphide homeostasis were conducted using the automated spectrophotometric method. We first investigated whether there was a significant difference between ARNSHL patients and healthy controls. Then, in order to determine the differential effect of the GJB2 gene mutations and non-GJB2 gene mutations on the thiol-disulphide balance, subjects were divided into three groups: Group 1 included patients with GJB2 mutations; Group 2 included patients with non-GJB2 mutations; Group 3 included healthy subjects.
RESULTS: Patients with ARNSHL had significantly higher native thiol (411.6 ± 54.3 μmol/l vs. 368.0 ± 64.3 μmol/l, p = 0.006), total thiol levels (440.3 ± 56.2 μmol/l vs. 402.4 ± 65.9 μmol/l, p = 0.018), and lower disulphide levels (14.3 ± 5.7 μmol/l) vs. (17.1 ± 4.9 μmol/l), (p = 0.043) compared to the control group. Moreover, disulphide /native thiol (p < 0.001) and disulphide/total thiol (p < 0.001) were also detected lower in the ARNSHL group compared to the control group. Thiol-disulphide hemostasis parameters between all three groups showed that the native thiol and total thiol were increased in the Group 1 and Group 2. The disulphide levels decreased in Group 1 and 2, although not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: It was shown that thiol levels increased and disulphide levels decreased in patients with autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss. It also may suggest that there is a reverse association between ARNSHL and oxidative stress. Further studies are needed on whether or not ARNSHL cause oxidative stress limited to the inner ear and cochlea.
PMID: 30055731 [PubMed - in process]
Documented, Systematic and Individualized Communication With the Attending Physician for Fall Risk Reduction/Injury Mitigation Care Planning.
J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2018 Aug;19(8):714-716
Authors: Smith DA
Abstract
Falls are common in nursing homes (NHs) and may result in serious injury to the resident as well as legal and regulatory liability for the NH. Some of these falls and injuries might be avoided if attending physicians were involved in risk reduction. I developed a communication tool to solicit from attending physicians specific risks for patients most likely to experience a fall and injury, and to consider strategies to reduce those risks. The communication tool addresses medications, osteopenia, vitamin D deficiency, vision, hearing, gait/balance/peripheral sensation, injury mitigation, altered mental status, restraints, and philosophy of treatment. An important component of implementation is to ensure full participation by the attending physician. Suggestions for implementation and evaluation are discussed, as well as potential application to clinical problems other than falls.
PMID: 30055821 [PubMed - in process]
Decreased disulphide/thiol ratio in patients with autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2018 Sep;112:188-192
Authors: Balta B, Gundogdu R, Erdogan M, Alisik M, Kiraz A, Ozcan I, Erel O
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Oxidative stress plays a key role in the formation of age-related, noise-induced and drug-induced hearing loss. Thiols are organic compounds which can react with free radicals to protect against tissue and cell damage caused by reactive oxygen. There are no studies in literature on the association between autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss(ARNSHL) including GJB2 and non-GJB2 mutations and thiol-disulphide balance. In this study, we aim to assess whether thiol-disulphide balance is disrupted in patients with ARNSHL.
METHODS: Thirty-one ARNSHL patients and thirty-one healthy controls were included in this study. Patients whose parents were first degree cousins and who had at least two congenital hearing loss in the same family were included in the study. Audiological tests included air - bone pure tone audiometry and auditory brain stem response. GJB2 gene analysis was performed using sanger sequence method. Tests of thiol/disulphide homeostasis were conducted using the automated spectrophotometric method. We first investigated whether there was a significant difference between ARNSHL patients and healthy controls. Then, in order to determine the differential effect of the GJB2 gene mutations and non-GJB2 gene mutations on the thiol-disulphide balance, subjects were divided into three groups: Group 1 included patients with GJB2 mutations; Group 2 included patients with non-GJB2 mutations; Group 3 included healthy subjects.
RESULTS: Patients with ARNSHL had significantly higher native thiol (411.6 ± 54.3 μmol/l vs. 368.0 ± 64.3 μmol/l, p = 0.006), total thiol levels (440.3 ± 56.2 μmol/l vs. 402.4 ± 65.9 μmol/l, p = 0.018), and lower disulphide levels (14.3 ± 5.7 μmol/l) vs. (17.1 ± 4.9 μmol/l), (p = 0.043) compared to the control group. Moreover, disulphide /native thiol (p < 0.001) and disulphide/total thiol (p < 0.001) were also detected lower in the ARNSHL group compared to the control group. Thiol-disulphide hemostasis parameters between all three groups showed that the native thiol and total thiol were increased in the Group 1 and Group 2. The disulphide levels decreased in Group 1 and 2, although not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: It was shown that thiol levels increased and disulphide levels decreased in patients with autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss. It also may suggest that there is a reverse association between ARNSHL and oxidative stress. Further studies are needed on whether or not ARNSHL cause oxidative stress limited to the inner ear and cochlea.
PMID: 30055731 [PubMed - in process]
