Volunteering Could Equal Better Well Being

Whether you are feeling excited to get more involved, or glad that your volunteering time has concluded with this year’s convention there is mounting evidence to support that the simple act of volunteering may positively impact your well-being.  A 2016 longitudinal study found that participants who regularly partook in volunteer activities experienced greater mental well-being ratings using the General Health Questionnaire.

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Relationship Between Audio-Vestibular Functional Tests and Inner Ear MRI in Meniere’s Disease

Objectives: Meniere’s disease is an inner ear disorder generally attributed to an endolymphatic hydrops. Different electrophysiological tests and imaging techniques have been developed to improve endolymphatic hydrops diagnosis. The goal of our study was to compare the sensitivity and the specificity of delayed inner ear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after intravenous injection of gadolinium with extratympanic clicks electrocochleography (EcochG), phase shift of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (shift-DPOAEs), and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) for the diagnosis of Meniere’s disease. Design: Forty-one patients, with a total of 50 affected ears, were included prospectively from April 2015 to April 2016 in our institution. Patients included had definite or possible Meniere’s disease based on the latest American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery guidelines revised in 2015. All patients went through delayed inner ear MRI after intravenous injection of gadolinium (three dimension-fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequences), pure-tone audiometry, extratympanic clicks EcochG, shift-DPOAEs, and cVEMP on the same day. Endolymphatic hydrops was graded on MRI using the saccule to utricle ratio inversion defined as when the saccule appeared equal or larger than the utricle. Results: Abnormal EcochG and shift-DPOAEs in patients with definite Meniere’s disease (DMD) were found in 68 and 64.5%, respectively. The two methods were significantly associated in DMD group. In DMD group, 25.7% had a positive MRI. The correlation between MRI versus EcochG and MRI versus shift-DPOAEs was not significant. MRI hydrops detection was correlated with hearing loss. Finally, 22.9% of DMD group had positive cVEMP. Conclusions: EcochG and shift-DPOAEs were both well correlated with clinical criteria of Meniere’s disease. Inner ear MRI showed hydrops when hearing loss was higher than 35 dB. The shift-DPOAEs presented the advantage of a rapid and easy measurement if DPOAEs could be recorded (i.e., hearing threshold

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Relationship Between Audio-Vestibular Functional Tests and Inner Ear MRI in Meniere’s Disease

Objectives: Meniere’s disease is an inner ear disorder generally attributed to an endolymphatic hydrops. Different electrophysiological tests and imaging techniques have been developed to improve endolymphatic hydrops diagnosis. The goal of our study was to compare the sensitivity and the specificity of delayed inner ear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after intravenous injection of gadolinium with extratympanic clicks electrocochleography (EcochG), phase shift of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (shift-DPOAEs), and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) for the diagnosis of Meniere’s disease. Design: Forty-one patients, with a total of 50 affected ears, were included prospectively from April 2015 to April 2016 in our institution. Patients included had definite or possible Meniere’s disease based on the latest American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery guidelines revised in 2015. All patients went through delayed inner ear MRI after intravenous injection of gadolinium (three dimension-fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequences), pure-tone audiometry, extratympanic clicks EcochG, shift-DPOAEs, and cVEMP on the same day. Endolymphatic hydrops was graded on MRI using the saccule to utricle ratio inversion defined as when the saccule appeared equal or larger than the utricle. Results: Abnormal EcochG and shift-DPOAEs in patients with definite Meniere’s disease (DMD) were found in 68 and 64.5%, respectively. The two methods were significantly associated in DMD group. In DMD group, 25.7% had a positive MRI. The correlation between MRI versus EcochG and MRI versus shift-DPOAEs was not significant. MRI hydrops detection was correlated with hearing loss. Finally, 22.9% of DMD group had positive cVEMP. Conclusions: EcochG and shift-DPOAEs were both well correlated with clinical criteria of Meniere’s disease. Inner ear MRI showed hydrops when hearing loss was higher than 35 dB. The shift-DPOAEs presented the advantage of a rapid and easy measurement if DPOAEs could be recorded (i.e., hearing threshold

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Relationship Between Audio-Vestibular Functional Tests and Inner Ear MRI in Meniere’s Disease

Objectives: Meniere’s disease is an inner ear disorder generally attributed to an endolymphatic hydrops. Different electrophysiological tests and imaging techniques have been developed to improve endolymphatic hydrops diagnosis. The goal of our study was to compare the sensitivity and the specificity of delayed inner ear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after intravenous injection of gadolinium with extratympanic clicks electrocochleography (EcochG), phase shift of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (shift-DPOAEs), and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) for the diagnosis of Meniere’s disease. Design: Forty-one patients, with a total of 50 affected ears, were included prospectively from April 2015 to April 2016 in our institution. Patients included had definite or possible Meniere’s disease based on the latest American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery guidelines revised in 2015. All patients went through delayed inner ear MRI after intravenous injection of gadolinium (three dimension-fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequences), pure-tone audiometry, extratympanic clicks EcochG, shift-DPOAEs, and cVEMP on the same day. Endolymphatic hydrops was graded on MRI using the saccule to utricle ratio inversion defined as when the saccule appeared equal or larger than the utricle. Results: Abnormal EcochG and shift-DPOAEs in patients with definite Meniere’s disease (DMD) were found in 68 and 64.5%, respectively. The two methods were significantly associated in DMD group. In DMD group, 25.7% had a positive MRI. The correlation between MRI versus EcochG and MRI versus shift-DPOAEs was not significant. MRI hydrops detection was correlated with hearing loss. Finally, 22.9% of DMD group had positive cVEMP. Conclusions: EcochG and shift-DPOAEs were both well correlated with clinical criteria of Meniere’s disease. Inner ear MRI showed hydrops when hearing loss was higher than 35 dB. The shift-DPOAEs presented the advantage of a rapid and easy measurement if DPOAEs could be recorded (i.e., hearing threshold

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Effects of Electrical Stimulation of the Rat Vestibular Labyrinth on c-Fos Expression in the Hippocampus.

Effects of Electrical Stimulation of the Rat Vestibular Labyrinth on c-Fos Expression in the Hippocampus.

Neurosci Lett. 2018 Apr 22;:

Authors: Hitier M, Sato G, Zhang YF, Besnard S, Smith PF

Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that electrical activation of the peripheral vestibular system can evoke field potential, multi-unit neuronal activity and acetylcholine release in the hippocampus (HPC). However, no study to date has employed the immediate early gene protein, c-Fos, to investigate the distribution of activation of cells in the HPC following electrical stimulation of the vestibular system. We found that vestibular stimulation increased the number of animals expressing c-Fos in the dorsal HPC compared to sham control rats (P ≤ 0.02), but not in the ventral HPC. c-Fos was also expressed in an increased number of animals in the dorsal dentate gyrus (DG) compared to sham control rats (P ≤ 0.0001), and to a lesser extent in the ventral DG (P ≤ 0.006). The results of this study show that activation of the vestibular system results in a differential increase in the expression of c-Fos across different regions of the HPC.

PMID: 29694841 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Identification of Pathogenic Genes of Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss in Uyghur Families Using Massively Parallel DNA Sequencing Technique.

Identification of Pathogenic Genes of Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss in Uyghur Families Using Massively Parallel DNA Sequencing Technique.

Dis Markers. 2018;2018:5298057

Authors: Chen Y, Lu Y, Kuyaxi P, Cheng J, Zhao J, Zhao Q, Musha P, Zhang H, Yuan H

Abstract
We aim to identify the mutations of deafness genes using massively parallel DNA sequencing in the 12 Uyghur families. SNPscan method was used to screen against the 124 sites in the common deafness genes in probands. Subjects with SNPscan negativity were subject to massively parallel DNA sequencing for the sequencing of 97 genes known to be responsible for hearing loss. Eight families (66.7%) showed biallelic mutations in probands, including MYO15A mutation (6892C>T in J02 family, 9514C>T/7894G>T in J07 family, and 9514C>T in J16 family), MYO7A mutation (1258A>T in J03 family), TMC1 mutation (773G>A in J09 family and 1247T>G/1312G>A in J11 family), and PCDH15 mutation (4658delT in J08 and J13 families). Six novel types of mutation were identified including 6892C>T, 9514C>T/7894G>T, and 9514C>T in MYO15A gene, 1258A>T in MYO7A, 773G>A in TMC1, and 4658delT in PCDH15. The ratio of nonsense mutation and frameshift mutation was comparatively high. All these indicated that the mutation types reported in this study were rare. In conclusion, rare deafness genes were identified in the Uyghur families using massively parallel DNA sequencing, part of which were suggested to be related to the pathogenesis of the disease.

PMID: 29692870 [PubMed - in process]

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Effects of Electrical Stimulation of the Rat Vestibular Labyrinth on c-Fos Expression in the Hippocampus.

Effects of Electrical Stimulation of the Rat Vestibular Labyrinth on c-Fos Expression in the Hippocampus.

Neurosci Lett. 2018 Apr 22;:

Authors: Hitier M, Sato G, Zhang YF, Besnard S, Smith PF

Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that electrical activation of the peripheral vestibular system can evoke field potential, multi-unit neuronal activity and acetylcholine release in the hippocampus (HPC). However, no study to date has employed the immediate early gene protein, c-Fos, to investigate the distribution of activation of cells in the HPC following electrical stimulation of the vestibular system. We found that vestibular stimulation increased the number of animals expressing c-Fos in the dorsal HPC compared to sham control rats (P ≤ 0.02), but not in the ventral HPC. c-Fos was also expressed in an increased number of animals in the dorsal dentate gyrus (DG) compared to sham control rats (P ≤ 0.0001), and to a lesser extent in the ventral DG (P ≤ 0.006). The results of this study show that activation of the vestibular system results in a differential increase in the expression of c-Fos across different regions of the HPC.

PMID: 29694841 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Long-Term Hearing Outcomes following Stapedotomy in Patients with Otosclerosis and Preoperative Small Air-Bone Gap

Objectives: To assess the long-term effectiveness of stapedotomies performed on patients with otosclerosis and preoperative small air-bone gaps (ABGs). Methods: Retrospective study comparing the 10-year postoperative hearing outcomes after primary stapedotomies in patients with small (≤20 dB) and large ABGs (#x3e; 20 dB). Ninety out of 175 stapedotomies (22 and 68 in the small and large ABG groups, respectively) were monitored with long-term follow-ups. Results: Ten years after the operation, hearing measurements were similar for both groups, although a significant decline of bone conduction thresholds was evident (p = 0.007 and p #x3c; 0.001, respectively). An improvement of ≥10 dB in the postoperative ABG (clinical improvement) was achieved only in the large ABG group. Conclusions: Even though long-term hearing levels will evolve similarly in patients with ≤20 and #x3e; 20 dB preoperative ABGs, the lack of clinical improvement found in the small ABG group is not in favor of an early surgery.
Audiol Neurotol 2017;22:350–355

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