Publication date: Available online 6 May 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): John Darby, María B. Sánchez, Penelope B. Butler, Ian D. Loram
The Kinect v2 sensor supports real-time non-invasive 3D head pose estimation. Because the sensor is small, widely available and relatively cheap it has great potential as a tool for groups interested in measuring head posture. In this paper we compare the Kinect's head pose estimates with a marker-based record of ground truth in order to establish its accuracy. During movement of the head and neck alone (with static torso), we find average errors in absolute yaw, pitch and roll angles of 2.0±1.2∘, 7.3±3.2∘ and 2.6±0.7∘, and in rotations relative to the rest pose of 1.4±0.5∘, 2.1±0.4∘ and 2.0±0.8∘. Larger head rotations where it becomes difficult to see facial features can cause estimation to fail (10.2±6.1% of all poses in our static torso range of motion tests) but we found no significant changes in performance with the participant standing further away from Kinect – additionally enabling full-body pose estimation – or without performing face shape calibration, something which is not always possible for younger or disabled participants. Where facial features remain visible, the sensor has applications in the non-invasive assessment of postural control, e.g. during a programme of physical therapy. In particular, a multi-Kinect setup covering the full range of head (and body) movement would appear to be a promising way forward.
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Παρασκευή 6 Μαΐου 2016
Center of pressure during stance and gait in subjects with or without persistent complaints after a lateral ankle sprain
Publication date: July 2016
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 48
Author(s): Wouter Kros, Noël L.W. Keijsers, John. M. van Ochten, Sita. M.A. Bierma-Zeinstra, Marienke van Middelkoop
Study aimTo investigate differences in the center of pressure (COP) during gait and single leg stance between subjects with persistent complaints (PC) and without persistent complaints (NPC) after a lateral ankle sprain.Methods44 patients who consulted the general practitioner, 6–12 months prior to inclusion, with a lateral ankle sprain were included for the current study purpose. Using a 7-point Likert scale patients were divided into the PC or NPC group. All subjects filled out an online questionnaire, walked along a walkway and performed a single leg stance, both on the RSscan. Primary outcomes included the COP displacement, range and percentage used in mediolateral and anterioposterior direction.ResultsThere was a trend (p<0.05) towards a more medially COP trajectory during walking at 34–46% and 83–96% and more anteriorly at 21–31% and 91–100% of the stance phase in the PC group compared to NPC group. Additionally, the COP was more laterally located in the sprained leg compared to the non-sprained leg in the PC group in the loading response phase (p<0.05). An interaction was found for the percentage of anterior–posterior range used in single leg stance without vision.ConclusionThe COP trajectory discriminates between patients with PC and NPC. This indicates that roll off during gait might play an important role in the recovery of patients after a lateral ankle sprain and could be used to monitor treatment.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 48
Author(s): Wouter Kros, Noël L.W. Keijsers, John. M. van Ochten, Sita. M.A. Bierma-Zeinstra, Marienke van Middelkoop
Study aimTo investigate differences in the center of pressure (COP) during gait and single leg stance between subjects with persistent complaints (PC) and without persistent complaints (NPC) after a lateral ankle sprain.Methods44 patients who consulted the general practitioner, 6–12 months prior to inclusion, with a lateral ankle sprain were included for the current study purpose. Using a 7-point Likert scale patients were divided into the PC or NPC group. All subjects filled out an online questionnaire, walked along a walkway and performed a single leg stance, both on the RSscan. Primary outcomes included the COP displacement, range and percentage used in mediolateral and anterioposterior direction.ResultsThere was a trend (p<0.05) towards a more medially COP trajectory during walking at 34–46% and 83–96% and more anteriorly at 21–31% and 91–100% of the stance phase in the PC group compared to NPC group. Additionally, the COP was more laterally located in the sprained leg compared to the non-sprained leg in the PC group in the loading response phase (p<0.05). An interaction was found for the percentage of anterior–posterior range used in single leg stance without vision.ConclusionThe COP trajectory discriminates between patients with PC and NPC. This indicates that roll off during gait might play an important role in the recovery of patients after a lateral ankle sprain and could be used to monitor treatment.
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Validation of hip joint center localization methods during gait analysis using 3D EOS imaging in typically developing and cerebral palsy children
Publication date: July 2016
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 48
Author(s): Ayman Assi, Christophe Sauret, Abir Massaad, Ziad Bakouny, Hélène Pillet, Wafa Skalli, Ismat Ghanem
Localization of the hip joint center (HJC) is essential in computation of gait data. EOS low dose biplanar X-rays have been shown to be a good reference in evaluating various methods of HJC localization in adults. The aim is to evaluate predictive and functional techniques for HJC localization in typically developing (TD) and cerebral palsy (CP) children, using EOS as an image based reference. Eleven TD and 17 CP children underwent 3D gait analysis. Six HJC localization methods were evaluated in each group bilaterally: 3 predictive (Plug in Gait, Bell and Harrington) and 3 functional methods based on the star arc technique (symmetrical center of rotation estimate, center transformation technique and geometrical sphere fitting). All children then underwent EOS low dose biplanar radiographs. Pelvis, lower limbs and their corresponding external markers were reconstructed in 3D. The center of the femoral head was considered as the reference (HJCEOS). Euclidean distances between HJCs estimated by each of the 6 methods and the HJCEOS were calculated; distances were shown to be lower in predictive compared to functional methods (p<0.0001). Contrarily to findings in adults, functional methods were shown to be less accurate than predictive methods in TD and CP children, which could be mainly due to the shorter thigh segment in children. Harrington method was shown to be the most accurate in the prediction of HJC (mean error≈18mm, SD=9mm) and quasi-equivalent to the Bell method. The bias for each method was quantified, allowing its correction for an improved HJC estimation.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 48
Author(s): Ayman Assi, Christophe Sauret, Abir Massaad, Ziad Bakouny, Hélène Pillet, Wafa Skalli, Ismat Ghanem
Localization of the hip joint center (HJC) is essential in computation of gait data. EOS low dose biplanar X-rays have been shown to be a good reference in evaluating various methods of HJC localization in adults. The aim is to evaluate predictive and functional techniques for HJC localization in typically developing (TD) and cerebral palsy (CP) children, using EOS as an image based reference. Eleven TD and 17 CP children underwent 3D gait analysis. Six HJC localization methods were evaluated in each group bilaterally: 3 predictive (Plug in Gait, Bell and Harrington) and 3 functional methods based on the star arc technique (symmetrical center of rotation estimate, center transformation technique and geometrical sphere fitting). All children then underwent EOS low dose biplanar radiographs. Pelvis, lower limbs and their corresponding external markers were reconstructed in 3D. The center of the femoral head was considered as the reference (HJCEOS). Euclidean distances between HJCs estimated by each of the 6 methods and the HJCEOS were calculated; distances were shown to be lower in predictive compared to functional methods (p<0.0001). Contrarily to findings in adults, functional methods were shown to be less accurate than predictive methods in TD and CP children, which could be mainly due to the shorter thigh segment in children. Harrington method was shown to be the most accurate in the prediction of HJC (mean error≈18mm, SD=9mm) and quasi-equivalent to the Bell method. The bias for each method was quantified, allowing its correction for an improved HJC estimation.
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A simplified marker set to define the center of mass for stability analysis in dynamic situations
Publication date: Available online 6 May 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): R. Tisserand, T. Robert, R. Dumas, L. Chèze
The extrapolated center of mass (XCoM), a valuable tool to assess balance stability, involves defining the whole body center of mass (CoMWB). However, accurate three-dimensional estimation of the CoMWB is time consuming, a severe limitation in certain applications. In this study, twenty-four subjects (young and elderly, male and female) performed three different balance tasks: quiet standing, gait and balance recovery. Three different models, based on a segmental method, were used to estimate the three-dimensional CoMWB absolute position during these movements: a reference model based on 38 markers, a simplified 13-marker model and a single marker (sacral) model. CoMWB and XCoM estimations from the proposed simplified model came closer to the reference model than estimations from the sacral marker model. It remained accurate for dynamic tasks, where the sacral marker model proved inappropriate. The simplified model proposed here yields accurate three-dimensional estimation of both the CoMWB and the XCoM with a limited number of markers. Importantly, using this model would reduce the experimental and post-processing times for future balance studies assessing dynamic stability in humans.
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): R. Tisserand, T. Robert, R. Dumas, L. Chèze
The extrapolated center of mass (XCoM), a valuable tool to assess balance stability, involves defining the whole body center of mass (CoMWB). However, accurate three-dimensional estimation of the CoMWB is time consuming, a severe limitation in certain applications. In this study, twenty-four subjects (young and elderly, male and female) performed three different balance tasks: quiet standing, gait and balance recovery. Three different models, based on a segmental method, were used to estimate the three-dimensional CoMWB absolute position during these movements: a reference model based on 38 markers, a simplified 13-marker model and a single marker (sacral) model. CoMWB and XCoM estimations from the proposed simplified model came closer to the reference model than estimations from the sacral marker model. It remained accurate for dynamic tasks, where the sacral marker model proved inappropriate. The simplified model proposed here yields accurate three-dimensional estimation of both the CoMWB and the XCoM with a limited number of markers. Importantly, using this model would reduce the experimental and post-processing times for future balance studies assessing dynamic stability in humans.
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Biomechanical balance response during induced falls under dual task conditions in people with knee osteoarthritis
Publication date: Available online 6 May 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Pazit Levinger, Hanatsu Nagano, Calum Downie, Alan Hayes, Kerrie M Sanders, Flavia Cicuttini, Rezaul Begg
ObjectivePeople with knee osteoarthritis (OA) are at twice the risk of falling compared to older people without knee OA, however the mechanism for this is poorly understood. This study investigated the biomechanical response of the trunk and lower limb joints during a forward induced fall under different task conditions in people with and without knee OA.MethodTwenty four participants with OA (68.6±6.2 years) and fifteen asymptomatic controls (72.4±4.8 years) participated in the study. Forward fall was induced by releasing participants from a static forward leaning position. Participants were required to recover balance during three conditions: normal, physical (obstacle clearance) and cognitive dual tasks (counting backwards). Spatiotemporal parameters, lower limb joint kinematics and kinetics of the recovery limb were compared between the two groups and across the three task conditions.ResultsThe OA group demonstrated slower spatio-temporal characteristics and reduced hip and knee flexion angles, joint moments/powers and reduced muscle negative work at the knee and ankle (p<0.05). Cognitive dual task resulted in reduced centre of mass velocity and step length (p=0.03) compared to the physical dual task condition. Reduced knee (p=0.02) and hip joint powers (p=0.03) were demonstrated in the OA group in the physical task condition.ConclusionWhen simulating a forward fall, participants with OA demonstrated difficulty in absorbing and slowing down the forward momentum of the body during a recovery step. Moreover, poor dynamic postural control was demonstrated as task complexity increased.
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Pazit Levinger, Hanatsu Nagano, Calum Downie, Alan Hayes, Kerrie M Sanders, Flavia Cicuttini, Rezaul Begg
ObjectivePeople with knee osteoarthritis (OA) are at twice the risk of falling compared to older people without knee OA, however the mechanism for this is poorly understood. This study investigated the biomechanical response of the trunk and lower limb joints during a forward induced fall under different task conditions in people with and without knee OA.MethodTwenty four participants with OA (68.6±6.2 years) and fifteen asymptomatic controls (72.4±4.8 years) participated in the study. Forward fall was induced by releasing participants from a static forward leaning position. Participants were required to recover balance during three conditions: normal, physical (obstacle clearance) and cognitive dual tasks (counting backwards). Spatiotemporal parameters, lower limb joint kinematics and kinetics of the recovery limb were compared between the two groups and across the three task conditions.ResultsThe OA group demonstrated slower spatio-temporal characteristics and reduced hip and knee flexion angles, joint moments/powers and reduced muscle negative work at the knee and ankle (p<0.05). Cognitive dual task resulted in reduced centre of mass velocity and step length (p=0.03) compared to the physical dual task condition. Reduced knee (p=0.02) and hip joint powers (p=0.03) were demonstrated in the OA group in the physical task condition.ConclusionWhen simulating a forward fall, participants with OA demonstrated difficulty in absorbing and slowing down the forward momentum of the body during a recovery step. Moreover, poor dynamic postural control was demonstrated as task complexity increased.
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Disturbances of Automatic Gait Control Mechanisms in Higher Level Gait Disorder
Publication date: Available online 6 May 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Mary Danoudis, Ganga Ganesvaran, Robert Iansek
The underlying mechanisms responsible for the gait changes in frontal gait disorder (FGD), a form of Higher Level Gait Disorders, are poorly understood. We investigated the relationship between stride length and cadence (SLCrel) in people with FGD (n=15) in comparison to healthy older adults (n=21) to improve our understanding of the changes to gait in FGD.Gait data was captured using an electronic walkway system as participants walked at five self-selected speed conditions: preferred, very slow, slow, fast and very fast. Linear regression was used to determine the strength of the relationship (R2), slope and intercept.In the FGD group 9 participants had a strong SLCrel (linear group) (R2>0.8) and 6 a weak relationship (R2<0.8) (nonlinear group). The linear FGD group did not differ to healthy control for slope (p>0.05) but did have a lower intercept (p<0.001). The linear FGD group modulated gait speed by adjusting stride length and cadence similar to controls whereas the nonlinear FGD participants adjusted stride length but not cadence similar to controls. The non-linear FGD group had greater disturbance to their gait, poorer postural control and greater fear of falling compared to the linear FGD group.Investigation of the SLCrel resulted in new insights into the underlying mechanisms responsible for the gait changes found in FGD. The findings suggest stride length regulation was disrupted in milder FGD but as the disorder worsened, cadence control also became disordered resulting in a break down in the relationship between stride length and cadence.
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Mary Danoudis, Ganga Ganesvaran, Robert Iansek
The underlying mechanisms responsible for the gait changes in frontal gait disorder (FGD), a form of Higher Level Gait Disorders, are poorly understood. We investigated the relationship between stride length and cadence (SLCrel) in people with FGD (n=15) in comparison to healthy older adults (n=21) to improve our understanding of the changes to gait in FGD.Gait data was captured using an electronic walkway system as participants walked at five self-selected speed conditions: preferred, very slow, slow, fast and very fast. Linear regression was used to determine the strength of the relationship (R2), slope and intercept.In the FGD group 9 participants had a strong SLCrel (linear group) (R2>0.8) and 6 a weak relationship (R2<0.8) (nonlinear group). The linear FGD group did not differ to healthy control for slope (p>0.05) but did have a lower intercept (p<0.001). The linear FGD group modulated gait speed by adjusting stride length and cadence similar to controls whereas the nonlinear FGD participants adjusted stride length but not cadence similar to controls. The non-linear FGD group had greater disturbance to their gait, poorer postural control and greater fear of falling compared to the linear FGD group.Investigation of the SLCrel resulted in new insights into the underlying mechanisms responsible for the gait changes found in FGD. The findings suggest stride length regulation was disrupted in milder FGD but as the disorder worsened, cadence control also became disordered resulting in a break down in the relationship between stride length and cadence.
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Developing an assessment approach for perceptual changes to tinnitus sound characteristics for adult cochlear implant recipients
10.3109/14992027.2016.1172391<br/>David Greenberg
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Oxidative stress biomarkers and otoacoustic emissions in humans exposed to styrene and noise
10.1080/14992027.2016.1177215<br/>R. Sisto
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A practical guide to cochlear implantation in adults with long durations of monaural sound deprivation
10.3109/14992027.2016.1166399<br/>Isabelle Boisvert
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Book Review
10.3109/14992027.2016.1166269<br/>Marc Brennan
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A systematic review of techniques and effects of self-help interventions for tinnitus: Application of taxonomies from health psychology
10.3109/14992027.2015.1137363<br/>Kate Greenwell
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Health behavior theories as predictors of hearing-aid uptake and outcomes
10.3109/14992027.2016.1144240<br/>Gabrielle H. Saunders
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Developing an assessment approach for perceptual changes to tinnitus sound characteristics for adult cochlear implant recipients.
Developing an assessment approach for perceptual changes to tinnitus sound characteristics for adult cochlear implant recipients.
Int J Audiol. 2016 May 5;:1-13
Authors: Greenberg D, Meerton L, Graham J, Vickers D
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of cochlear implantation on tinnitus suppression, characteristics, localization, and duration.
DESIGN: A cochlear implant (CI) recipient-focused postal questionnaire survey.
STUDY SAMPLE: The questionnaire was posted, with consent, to 100 adults who had received a unilateral CI at the RNTNEH between 1988 and 1999. All adults spoke English as their first language and were postlingually deafened. Sixty-eight adults (38 female, 29 male, one unspecified) aged 31-80 years (mean 61 years) completed and returned the questionnaire without interview.
RESULTS: With the processor 'ON', CI recipients experienced total or partial suppression of tinnitus ipsilateral to their CI in 57% of cases, and in 43% where tinnitus was perceived contralateral to the CI. The percentage of CI recipients who experienced high tone tinnitus was reduced from 60% pre-implant to 29% post-implant with the processor 'ON' while pulsatile tinnitus was reduced from 38% pre-implant to 13% post-implant. CIs were also found to reduce the tonal complexity and duration, and change the source localization of tinnitus post-implantation.
CONCLUSIONS: Perceptual changes to tinnitus can take place post-implantation. Changes can occur within the four categories explored: tinnitus suppression, characteristics, localization, and duration of awareness per day.
PMID: 27146518 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Oxidative stress biomarkers and otoacoustic emissions in humans exposed to styrene and noise.
Oxidative stress biomarkers and otoacoustic emissions in humans exposed to styrene and noise.
Int J Audiol. 2016 May 5;:1-9
Authors: Sisto R, Botti T, Cerini L, Sanjust F, Tranfo G, Bonanni RC, Paci E, Pigini D, Moleti A
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Evaluating the correlation between otoacoustic emission levels, styrene exposure, and oxidative stress biomarkers concentration in styrene-exposed subjects, to investigate the role of oxidative stress in outer hair cell damage.
DESIGN: Distortion product otoacoustic emissions were measured in the exposed workers and in a control group. Separation between the distortion and reflection otoacoustic components was performed by time-frequency-domain filtering. The urinary concentration of the DNA and RNA oxidation products, namely 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (oxoGua), 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (oxodGuo), and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (oxoGuo), were evaluated.
STUDY SAMPLE: Nine subjects exposed to styrene in a fiberglass factory, eight control subjects. The two groups were statistically equivalent in mean age.
RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found in the distortion component levels between the exposed and the control group. High levels of the oxidative damage biomarkers were found in the workers exposed to high levels of styrene. Significant negative correlation was found between the otoacoustic emission distortion component levels and the concentration of the oxoGuo biomarker.
CONCLUSIONS: Exposure-induced damage of the cochlear amplifier is shown in the mid-frequency range, confirming animal experiments, in which hair cells in the cochlear middle turn were damaged. Hearing damage is consistent with the outer hair cell apoptosis pathway associated with oxidative stress.
PMID: 27146376 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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A practical guide to cochlear implantation in adults with long durations of monaural sound deprivation.
A practical guide to cochlear implantation in adults with long durations of monaural sound deprivation.
Int J Audiol. 2016 May 5;:1-5
Authors: Boisvert I, McMahon CM, Dowell RC
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to summarize published findings by the authors and integrate these within current literature to support clinical guidelines when choosing an ear for cochlear implantation in adults with long-term monaural sound deprivation.
STUDY SAMPLE: Four retrospective cohort studies based on data collected in five cochlear implantation centres with adults with bilateral hearing loss who used a single hearing aid for at least 15 years prior to unilateral or bilateral cochlear implantation.
DESIGN: Review, integration and interpretation of retrospective cohort studies to support clinical recommendations.
RESULTS: In this population, the prelingual nature of the hearing loss and the duration of bilateral significant hearing loss were the most reliable predictors of cochlear implantation outcomes. Importantly, the duration of sound deprivation in the ear to be implanted was not a significant predictor of speech recognition scores after cochlear implantation and should carry less weight in making recommendations.
CONCLUSIONS: In most adults with postlingual hearing loss and long-term monaural sound deprivation, the sound-deprived sound deprivation ear should be preferred for implantation. For adults with prelingual deafness and monaural sound deprivation, the decision should weigh the risks of obtaining poorer results with the cochlear implant compared to the benefits of accessing binaural hearing.
PMID: 27146278 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Book Review.
Book Review.
Int J Audiol. 2016 May 5;:1
Authors: Brennan M
PMID: 27146131 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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A systematic review of techniques and effects of self-help interventions for tinnitus: Application of taxonomies from health psychology.
A systematic review of techniques and effects of self-help interventions for tinnitus: Application of taxonomies from health psychology.
Int J Audiol. 2016 May 5;:1-11
Authors: Greenwell K, Sereda M, Coulson N, El Refaie A, Hoare DJ
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Self-help interventions are followed by people independently with minimal or no therapist contact. This review aims to assess the effectiveness of self-help interventions for adults with chronic tinnitus and systematically identify the self-help techniques used.
DESIGN: Systematic review and application of health psychology taxonomies. Electronic database searches were conducted, supplemented by citation searching and hand-searching of key journals. Prospective controlled trials, which used measures of tinnitus distress, functional management, anxiety, depression, and quality of life, were included. Michie et al's behaviour change techniques (BCTs) taxonomy and Taylor et al's PRISMS taxonomy of self-management components were applied to describe interventions.
STUDY SAMPLE: Five studies were included, providing low-to-moderate levels of evidence.
RESULTS: Randomized controlled trial studies were too few and heterogeneous for meta-analysis to be performed. Studies comparing self-help interventions to therapist-guided interventions and assessing non tinnitus-specific psychosocial outcomes and functional management were lacking. Fifteen BCTs and eight self-management components were identified across interventions.
CONCLUSIONS: A lack of high-quality and homogeneous studies meant that confident conclusions could not be drawn regarding the efficacy of self-help interventions for tinnitus. Better reporting and categorization of intervention techniques is needed for replication in research and practice and to facilitate understanding of intervention mechanisms.
PMID: 27146036 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Health behavior theories as predictors of hearing-aid uptake and outcomes.
Health behavior theories as predictors of hearing-aid uptake and outcomes.
Int J Audiol. 2016 May 5;:1-10
Authors: Saunders GH, Frederick MT, Silverman SC, Nielsen C, Laplante-Lévesque A
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To understand hearing behaviors of adults seeking help for the first time through the application of two models of health behavior change: the transtheoretical model and the health belief model.
DESIGN: The relationships between attitudes and beliefs were examined relative to hearing-aid uptake and outcomes six months later.
STUDY SAMPLE: One hundred and sixty adults completed the University of Rhode Island change assessment (targeting the transtheoretical model), and the hearing beliefs questionnaire (targeting the health belief model), as well as the hearing handicap inventory and the psychosocial impact of hearing loss scale, within two months of an initial hearing assessment. Six months later, participants completed these same questionnaires, while those who had taken up hearing aids also completed hearing-aid outcome questionnaires.
RESULTS: (1) Attitudes and beliefs were associated with future hearing-aid uptake, and were effective at modeling this behavior; (2) attitudes and beliefs changed following behavior change, and (3) attitudes and beliefs following behavior change were better predictors of hearing-aid outcomes than pre-behavior change attitudes and beliefs.
CONCLUSION: A counseling-based intervention targeting the attitudes and beliefs assessed by the transtheoretical model and the health belief model has the potential to increase uptake of hearing health care.
PMID: 27145934 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Developing an assessment approach for perceptual changes to tinnitus sound characteristics for adult cochlear implant recipients
10.3109/14992027.2016.1172391<br/>David Greenberg
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Oxidative stress biomarkers and otoacoustic emissions in humans exposed to styrene and noise
10.1080/14992027.2016.1177215<br/>R. Sisto
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A practical guide to cochlear implantation in adults with long durations of monaural sound deprivation
10.3109/14992027.2016.1166399<br/>Isabelle Boisvert
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Book Review
10.3109/14992027.2016.1166269<br/>Marc Brennan
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A systematic review of techniques and effects of self-help interventions for tinnitus: Application of taxonomies from health psychology
10.3109/14992027.2015.1137363<br/>Kate Greenwell
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Health behavior theories as predictors of hearing-aid uptake and outcomes
10.3109/14992027.2016.1144240<br/>Gabrielle H. Saunders
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Developing an assessment approach for perceptual changes to tinnitus sound characteristics for adult cochlear implant recipients.
Developing an assessment approach for perceptual changes to tinnitus sound characteristics for adult cochlear implant recipients.
Int J Audiol. 2016 May 5;:1-13
Authors: Greenberg D, Meerton L, Graham J, Vickers D
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of cochlear implantation on tinnitus suppression, characteristics, localization, and duration.
DESIGN: A cochlear implant (CI) recipient-focused postal questionnaire survey.
STUDY SAMPLE: The questionnaire was posted, with consent, to 100 adults who had received a unilateral CI at the RNTNEH between 1988 and 1999. All adults spoke English as their first language and were postlingually deafened. Sixty-eight adults (38 female, 29 male, one unspecified) aged 31-80 years (mean 61 years) completed and returned the questionnaire without interview.
RESULTS: With the processor 'ON', CI recipients experienced total or partial suppression of tinnitus ipsilateral to their CI in 57% of cases, and in 43% where tinnitus was perceived contralateral to the CI. The percentage of CI recipients who experienced high tone tinnitus was reduced from 60% pre-implant to 29% post-implant with the processor 'ON' while pulsatile tinnitus was reduced from 38% pre-implant to 13% post-implant. CIs were also found to reduce the tonal complexity and duration, and change the source localization of tinnitus post-implantation.
CONCLUSIONS: Perceptual changes to tinnitus can take place post-implantation. Changes can occur within the four categories explored: tinnitus suppression, characteristics, localization, and duration of awareness per day.
PMID: 27146518 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Oxidative stress biomarkers and otoacoustic emissions in humans exposed to styrene and noise.
Oxidative stress biomarkers and otoacoustic emissions in humans exposed to styrene and noise.
Int J Audiol. 2016 May 5;:1-9
Authors: Sisto R, Botti T, Cerini L, Sanjust F, Tranfo G, Bonanni RC, Paci E, Pigini D, Moleti A
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Evaluating the correlation between otoacoustic emission levels, styrene exposure, and oxidative stress biomarkers concentration in styrene-exposed subjects, to investigate the role of oxidative stress in outer hair cell damage.
DESIGN: Distortion product otoacoustic emissions were measured in the exposed workers and in a control group. Separation between the distortion and reflection otoacoustic components was performed by time-frequency-domain filtering. The urinary concentration of the DNA and RNA oxidation products, namely 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (oxoGua), 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (oxodGuo), and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (oxoGuo), were evaluated.
STUDY SAMPLE: Nine subjects exposed to styrene in a fiberglass factory, eight control subjects. The two groups were statistically equivalent in mean age.
RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found in the distortion component levels between the exposed and the control group. High levels of the oxidative damage biomarkers were found in the workers exposed to high levels of styrene. Significant negative correlation was found between the otoacoustic emission distortion component levels and the concentration of the oxoGuo biomarker.
CONCLUSIONS: Exposure-induced damage of the cochlear amplifier is shown in the mid-frequency range, confirming animal experiments, in which hair cells in the cochlear middle turn were damaged. Hearing damage is consistent with the outer hair cell apoptosis pathway associated with oxidative stress.
PMID: 27146376 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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A practical guide to cochlear implantation in adults with long durations of monaural sound deprivation.
A practical guide to cochlear implantation in adults with long durations of monaural sound deprivation.
Int J Audiol. 2016 May 5;:1-5
Authors: Boisvert I, McMahon CM, Dowell RC
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to summarize published findings by the authors and integrate these within current literature to support clinical guidelines when choosing an ear for cochlear implantation in adults with long-term monaural sound deprivation.
STUDY SAMPLE: Four retrospective cohort studies based on data collected in five cochlear implantation centres with adults with bilateral hearing loss who used a single hearing aid for at least 15 years prior to unilateral or bilateral cochlear implantation.
DESIGN: Review, integration and interpretation of retrospective cohort studies to support clinical recommendations.
RESULTS: In this population, the prelingual nature of the hearing loss and the duration of bilateral significant hearing loss were the most reliable predictors of cochlear implantation outcomes. Importantly, the duration of sound deprivation in the ear to be implanted was not a significant predictor of speech recognition scores after cochlear implantation and should carry less weight in making recommendations.
CONCLUSIONS: In most adults with postlingual hearing loss and long-term monaural sound deprivation, the sound-deprived sound deprivation ear should be preferred for implantation. For adults with prelingual deafness and monaural sound deprivation, the decision should weigh the risks of obtaining poorer results with the cochlear implant compared to the benefits of accessing binaural hearing.
PMID: 27146278 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Book Review.
Book Review.
Int J Audiol. 2016 May 5;:1
Authors: Brennan M
PMID: 27146131 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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A systematic review of techniques and effects of self-help interventions for tinnitus: Application of taxonomies from health psychology.
A systematic review of techniques and effects of self-help interventions for tinnitus: Application of taxonomies from health psychology.
Int J Audiol. 2016 May 5;:1-11
Authors: Greenwell K, Sereda M, Coulson N, El Refaie A, Hoare DJ
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Self-help interventions are followed by people independently with minimal or no therapist contact. This review aims to assess the effectiveness of self-help interventions for adults with chronic tinnitus and systematically identify the self-help techniques used.
DESIGN: Systematic review and application of health psychology taxonomies. Electronic database searches were conducted, supplemented by citation searching and hand-searching of key journals. Prospective controlled trials, which used measures of tinnitus distress, functional management, anxiety, depression, and quality of life, were included. Michie et al's behaviour change techniques (BCTs) taxonomy and Taylor et al's PRISMS taxonomy of self-management components were applied to describe interventions.
STUDY SAMPLE: Five studies were included, providing low-to-moderate levels of evidence.
RESULTS: Randomized controlled trial studies were too few and heterogeneous for meta-analysis to be performed. Studies comparing self-help interventions to therapist-guided interventions and assessing non tinnitus-specific psychosocial outcomes and functional management were lacking. Fifteen BCTs and eight self-management components were identified across interventions.
CONCLUSIONS: A lack of high-quality and homogeneous studies meant that confident conclusions could not be drawn regarding the efficacy of self-help interventions for tinnitus. Better reporting and categorization of intervention techniques is needed for replication in research and practice and to facilitate understanding of intervention mechanisms.
PMID: 27146036 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Health behavior theories as predictors of hearing-aid uptake and outcomes.
Health behavior theories as predictors of hearing-aid uptake and outcomes.
Int J Audiol. 2016 May 5;:1-10
Authors: Saunders GH, Frederick MT, Silverman SC, Nielsen C, Laplante-Lévesque A
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To understand hearing behaviors of adults seeking help for the first time through the application of two models of health behavior change: the transtheoretical model and the health belief model.
DESIGN: The relationships between attitudes and beliefs were examined relative to hearing-aid uptake and outcomes six months later.
STUDY SAMPLE: One hundred and sixty adults completed the University of Rhode Island change assessment (targeting the transtheoretical model), and the hearing beliefs questionnaire (targeting the health belief model), as well as the hearing handicap inventory and the psychosocial impact of hearing loss scale, within two months of an initial hearing assessment. Six months later, participants completed these same questionnaires, while those who had taken up hearing aids also completed hearing-aid outcome questionnaires.
RESULTS: (1) Attitudes and beliefs were associated with future hearing-aid uptake, and were effective at modeling this behavior; (2) attitudes and beliefs changed following behavior change, and (3) attitudes and beliefs following behavior change were better predictors of hearing-aid outcomes than pre-behavior change attitudes and beliefs.
CONCLUSION: A counseling-based intervention targeting the attitudes and beliefs assessed by the transtheoretical model and the health belief model has the potential to increase uptake of hearing health care.
PMID: 27145934 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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