20Q: Hearing Science "Hide and Seek" - Can Audiologists Diagnose Hidden Hearing Loss?

A review of cochlear synaptopathy, sometimes referred to as hidden hearing loss, using an engaging Q & A format. Topics discussed include: the relationship between cochlear synaptopathy, noise exposure, and hearing in noise; findings from key research; and, how cochlear synaptopathy may or may not present on various audiological clinical tests.

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GSI AMTAS: Automated Hearing Assessment

The GSI AMTAS software connected to a GSI audiometer provides a reliable way to perform an automated assessment of hearing. This course reviews the self-directed hearing test, which allows the patient to step through a complete audiologic exam including air conduction, bone conduction and speech with masking. This course includes an overview of the research, validation, set up and use of AMTAS.

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2zM00vp
via IFTTT

20Q: Hearing Science "Hide and Seek" - Can Audiologists Diagnose Hidden Hearing Loss?

A review of cochlear synaptopathy, sometimes referred to as hidden hearing loss, using an engaging Q & A format. Topics discussed include: the relationship between cochlear synaptopathy, noise exposure, and hearing in noise; findings from key research; and, how cochlear synaptopathy may or may not present on various audiological clinical tests.

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2T0fMvs
via IFTTT

GSI AMTAS: Automated Hearing Assessment

The GSI AMTAS software connected to a GSI audiometer provides a reliable way to perform an automated assessment of hearing. This course reviews the self-directed hearing test, which allows the patient to step through a complete audiologic exam including air conduction, bone conduction and speech with masking. This course includes an overview of the research, validation, set up and use of AMTAS.

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2zM00vp
via IFTTT

Targeted single-cell electroporation loading of Ca2+ indicators in the mature hemicochlea preparation

Publication date: Available online 10 November 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Eszter Berekméri, Orsolya Deák, Tímea Téglás, Éva Sághy, Tamás Horváth, Máté Aller, Ádám Fekete, László Köles, Tibor Zelles

Abstract

Ca²⁺ is an important intracellular messenger and regulator in both physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms in the hearing organ. Investigation of cellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis in the cochlea of hearing mammals is hampered by the special anatomy and high vulnerability of the organ. A quick, straightforward and reliable Ca²⁺ imaging method with high spatial and temporal resolution in the mature organ of Corti is missing. Cell cultures or isolated cells do not preserve the special microenvironment and intercellular communication, while cochlear explants are excised from only a restricted portion of the organ of Corti and usually from neonatal pre-hearing murines. The hemicochlea, prepared from hearing mice allows tonotopic experimental approach on the radial perspective in the basal, middle and apical turns of the organ. We used the preparation recently for functional imaging in supporting cells of the organ of Corti after bulk loading of the Ca²⁺ indicator. However, bulk loading takes long time, is variable and non-selective, and causes the accumulation of the indicator in the extracellular space. In this study we show the improved labeling of supporting cells of the organ of Corti by targeted single-cell electroporation in mature mouse hemicochlea. Single-cell electroporation proved to be a reliable way of reducing the duration and variability of loading and allowed subcellular Ca²⁺ imaging by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, while cell viability was retained during the experiments. We demonstrated the applicability of the method by measuring the effect of purinergic, TRPA1, TRPV1 and ACh receptor stimulation on intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration at the cellular and subcellular level. In agreement with previous results, ATP evoked reversible and repeatable Ca²⁺ transients in Deiters’, Hensen’s and Claudius’ cells. TRPA1 and TRPV1 stimulation by AITC and capsaicin, respectively, failed to induce any Ca²⁺ response in the supporting cells, except in a single Hensen’s cell in which AITC evoked transients with smaller amplitude. AITC also caused the displacement of the tissue. Carbachol, agonist of ACh receptors induced Ca²⁺ transients in about a third of Deiters’ and fifth of Hensen’s cells. Here we have presented a fast and cell-specific indicator loading method allowing subcellular level functional Ca²⁺ imaging in supporting cells of the organ of Corti in the mature hemicochlea preparation, thus providing a straightforward tool for deciphering the poorly understood regulation of Ca²⁺ homeostasis in these cells.

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2PoU5XI
via IFTTT

Targeted single-cell electroporation loading of Ca2+ indicators in the mature hemicochlea preparation

Publication date: Available online 10 November 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Eszter Berekméri, Orsolya Deák, Tímea Téglás, Éva Sághy, Tamás Horváth, Máté Aller, Ádám Fekete, László Köles, Tibor Zelles

Abstract

Ca²⁺ is an important intracellular messenger and regulator in both physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms in the hearing organ. Investigation of cellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis in the cochlea of hearing mammals is hampered by the special anatomy and high vulnerability of the organ. A quick, straightforward and reliable Ca²⁺ imaging method with high spatial and temporal resolution in the mature organ of Corti is missing. Cell cultures or isolated cells do not preserve the special microenvironment and intercellular communication, while cochlear explants are excised from only a restricted portion of the organ of Corti and usually from neonatal pre-hearing murines. The hemicochlea, prepared from hearing mice allows tonotopic experimental approach on the radial perspective in the basal, middle and apical turns of the organ. We used the preparation recently for functional imaging in supporting cells of the organ of Corti after bulk loading of the Ca²⁺ indicator. However, bulk loading takes long time, is variable and non-selective, and causes the accumulation of the indicator in the extracellular space. In this study we show the improved labeling of supporting cells of the organ of Corti by targeted single-cell electroporation in mature mouse hemicochlea. Single-cell electroporation proved to be a reliable way of reducing the duration and variability of loading and allowed subcellular Ca²⁺ imaging by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, while cell viability was retained during the experiments. We demonstrated the applicability of the method by measuring the effect of purinergic, TRPA1, TRPV1 and ACh receptor stimulation on intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration at the cellular and subcellular level. In agreement with previous results, ATP evoked reversible and repeatable Ca²⁺ transients in Deiters’, Hensen’s and Claudius’ cells. TRPA1 and TRPV1 stimulation by AITC and capsaicin, respectively, failed to induce any Ca²⁺ response in the supporting cells, except in a single Hensen’s cell in which AITC evoked transients with smaller amplitude. AITC also caused the displacement of the tissue. Carbachol, agonist of ACh receptors induced Ca²⁺ transients in about a third of Deiters’ and fifth of Hensen’s cells. Here we have presented a fast and cell-specific indicator loading method allowing subcellular level functional Ca²⁺ imaging in supporting cells of the organ of Corti in the mature hemicochlea preparation, thus providing a straightforward tool for deciphering the poorly understood regulation of Ca²⁺ homeostasis in these cells.

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2PoU5XI
via IFTTT

Targeted single-cell electroporation loading of Ca2+ indicators in the mature hemicochlea preparation

Publication date: Available online 10 November 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Eszter Berekméri, Orsolya Deák, Tímea Téglás, Éva Sághy, Tamás Horváth, Máté Aller, Ádám Fekete, László Köles, Tibor Zelles

Abstract

Ca²⁺ is an important intracellular messenger and regulator in both physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms in the hearing organ. Investigation of cellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis in the cochlea of hearing mammals is hampered by the special anatomy and high vulnerability of the organ. A quick, straightforward and reliable Ca²⁺ imaging method with high spatial and temporal resolution in the mature organ of Corti is missing. Cell cultures or isolated cells do not preserve the special microenvironment and intercellular communication, while cochlear explants are excised from only a restricted portion of the organ of Corti and usually from neonatal pre-hearing murines. The hemicochlea, prepared from hearing mice allows tonotopic experimental approach on the radial perspective in the basal, middle and apical turns of the organ. We used the preparation recently for functional imaging in supporting cells of the organ of Corti after bulk loading of the Ca²⁺ indicator. However, bulk loading takes long time, is variable and non-selective, and causes the accumulation of the indicator in the extracellular space. In this study we show the improved labeling of supporting cells of the organ of Corti by targeted single-cell electroporation in mature mouse hemicochlea. Single-cell electroporation proved to be a reliable way of reducing the duration and variability of loading and allowed subcellular Ca²⁺ imaging by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, while cell viability was retained during the experiments. We demonstrated the applicability of the method by measuring the effect of purinergic, TRPA1, TRPV1 and ACh receptor stimulation on intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration at the cellular and subcellular level. In agreement with previous results, ATP evoked reversible and repeatable Ca²⁺ transients in Deiters’, Hensen’s and Claudius’ cells. TRPA1 and TRPV1 stimulation by AITC and capsaicin, respectively, failed to induce any Ca²⁺ response in the supporting cells, except in a single Hensen’s cell in which AITC evoked transients with smaller amplitude. AITC also caused the displacement of the tissue. Carbachol, agonist of ACh receptors induced Ca²⁺ transients in about a third of Deiters’ and fifth of Hensen’s cells. Here we have presented a fast and cell-specific indicator loading method allowing subcellular level functional Ca²⁺ imaging in supporting cells of the organ of Corti in the mature hemicochlea preparation, thus providing a straightforward tool for deciphering the poorly understood regulation of Ca²⁺ homeostasis in these cells.

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2PoU5XI
via IFTTT

Targeted single-cell electroporation loading of Ca2+ indicators in the mature hemicochlea preparation

Publication date: Available online 10 November 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Eszter Berekméri, Orsolya Deák, Tímea Téglás, Éva Sághy, Tamás Horváth, Máté Aller, Ádám Fekete, László Köles, Tibor Zelles

Abstract

Ca²⁺ is an important intracellular messenger and regulator in both physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms in the hearing organ. Investigation of cellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis in the cochlea of hearing mammals is hampered by the special anatomy and high vulnerability of the organ. A quick, straightforward and reliable Ca²⁺ imaging method with high spatial and temporal resolution in the mature organ of Corti is missing. Cell cultures or isolated cells do not preserve the special microenvironment and intercellular communication, while cochlear explants are excised from only a restricted portion of the organ of Corti and usually from neonatal pre-hearing murines. The hemicochlea, prepared from hearing mice allows tonotopic experimental approach on the radial perspective in the basal, middle and apical turns of the organ. We used the preparation recently for functional imaging in supporting cells of the organ of Corti after bulk loading of the Ca²⁺ indicator. However, bulk loading takes long time, is variable and non-selective, and causes the accumulation of the indicator in the extracellular space. In this study we show the improved labeling of supporting cells of the organ of Corti by targeted single-cell electroporation in mature mouse hemicochlea. Single-cell electroporation proved to be a reliable way of reducing the duration and variability of loading and allowed subcellular Ca²⁺ imaging by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, while cell viability was retained during the experiments. We demonstrated the applicability of the method by measuring the effect of purinergic, TRPA1, TRPV1 and ACh receptor stimulation on intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration at the cellular and subcellular level. In agreement with previous results, ATP evoked reversible and repeatable Ca²⁺ transients in Deiters’, Hensen’s and Claudius’ cells. TRPA1 and TRPV1 stimulation by AITC and capsaicin, respectively, failed to induce any Ca²⁺ response in the supporting cells, except in a single Hensen’s cell in which AITC evoked transients with smaller amplitude. AITC also caused the displacement of the tissue. Carbachol, agonist of ACh receptors induced Ca²⁺ transients in about a third of Deiters’ and fifth of Hensen’s cells. Here we have presented a fast and cell-specific indicator loading method allowing subcellular level functional Ca²⁺ imaging in supporting cells of the organ of Corti in the mature hemicochlea preparation, thus providing a straightforward tool for deciphering the poorly understood regulation of Ca²⁺ homeostasis in these cells.

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2PoU5XI
via IFTTT