Publication date: Available online 4 February 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): David Chhan, Melissa L. McKinnon, John J. Rosowski
While many mouse models of hearing loss have been described, a significant fraction of the genetic defects in these models affect both the inner ear and middle ears. A common method used to separate inner-ear (sensory-neural) from middle-ear (conductive) pathologies in the hearing clinic is the combination of air-conduction and bone-conduction audiometry. In this report, we investigate the use of air- and bone-conducted evoked auditory brainstem responses to perform a similar separation in mice. We describe a technique by which we stimulate the mouse ear both acoustically and via whole-head vibration. We investigate the sensitivity of this technique to conductive hearing loss by introducing middle-ear lesions in normal hearing mice. We also use the technique to investigate the presence of an age-related conductive hearing loss in a common mouse model of presbycusis, the BALB/c mouse.
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Σάββατο 4 Φεβρουαρίου 2017
Identification of induced and naturally occurring conductive hearing loss in mice using bone conduction
Publication date: Available online 4 February 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): David Chhan, Melissa L. McKinnon, John J. Rosowski
While many mouse models of hearing loss have been described, a significant fraction of the genetic defects in these models affect both the inner ear and middle ears. A common method used to separate inner-ear (sensory-neural) from middle-ear (conductive) pathologies in the hearing clinic is the combination of air-conduction and bone-conduction audiometry. In this report, we investigate the use of air- and bone-conducted evoked auditory brainstem responses to perform a similar separation in mice. We describe a technique by which we stimulate the mouse ear both acoustically and via whole-head vibration. We investigate the sensitivity of this technique to conductive hearing loss by introducing middle-ear lesions in normal hearing mice. We also use the technique to investigate the presence of an age-related conductive hearing loss in a common mouse model of presbycusis, the BALB/c mouse.
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Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): David Chhan, Melissa L. McKinnon, John J. Rosowski
While many mouse models of hearing loss have been described, a significant fraction of the genetic defects in these models affect both the inner ear and middle ears. A common method used to separate inner-ear (sensory-neural) from middle-ear (conductive) pathologies in the hearing clinic is the combination of air-conduction and bone-conduction audiometry. In this report, we investigate the use of air- and bone-conducted evoked auditory brainstem responses to perform a similar separation in mice. We describe a technique by which we stimulate the mouse ear both acoustically and via whole-head vibration. We investigate the sensitivity of this technique to conductive hearing loss by introducing middle-ear lesions in normal hearing mice. We also use the technique to investigate the presence of an age-related conductive hearing loss in a common mouse model of presbycusis, the BALB/c mouse.
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Identification of induced and naturally occurring conductive hearing loss in mice using bone conduction
Publication date: Available online 4 February 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): David Chhan, Melissa L. McKinnon, John J. Rosowski
While many mouse models of hearing loss have been described, a significant fraction of the genetic defects in these models affect both the inner ear and middle ears. A common method used to separate inner-ear (sensory-neural) from middle-ear (conductive) pathologies in the hearing clinic is the combination of air-conduction and bone-conduction audiometry. In this report, we investigate the use of air- and bone-conducted evoked auditory brainstem responses to perform a similar separation in mice. We describe a technique by which we stimulate the mouse ear both acoustically and via whole-head vibration. We investigate the sensitivity of this technique to conductive hearing loss by introducing middle-ear lesions in normal hearing mice. We also use the technique to investigate the presence of an age-related conductive hearing loss in a common mouse model of presbycusis, the BALB/c mouse.
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Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): David Chhan, Melissa L. McKinnon, John J. Rosowski
While many mouse models of hearing loss have been described, a significant fraction of the genetic defects in these models affect both the inner ear and middle ears. A common method used to separate inner-ear (sensory-neural) from middle-ear (conductive) pathologies in the hearing clinic is the combination of air-conduction and bone-conduction audiometry. In this report, we investigate the use of air- and bone-conducted evoked auditory brainstem responses to perform a similar separation in mice. We describe a technique by which we stimulate the mouse ear both acoustically and via whole-head vibration. We investigate the sensitivity of this technique to conductive hearing loss by introducing middle-ear lesions in normal hearing mice. We also use the technique to investigate the presence of an age-related conductive hearing loss in a common mouse model of presbycusis, the BALB/c mouse.
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Identification of induced and naturally occurring conductive hearing loss in mice using bone conduction
Publication date: Available online 4 February 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): David Chhan, Melissa L. McKinnon, John J. Rosowski
While many mouse models of hearing loss have been described, a significant fraction of the genetic defects in these models affect both the inner ear and middle ears. A common method used to separate inner-ear (sensory-neural) from middle-ear (conductive) pathologies in the hearing clinic is the combination of air-conduction and bone-conduction audiometry. In this report, we investigate the use of air- and bone-conducted evoked auditory brainstem responses to perform a similar separation in mice. We describe a technique by which we stimulate the mouse ear both acoustically and via whole-head vibration. We investigate the sensitivity of this technique to conductive hearing loss by introducing middle-ear lesions in normal hearing mice. We also use the technique to investigate the presence of an age-related conductive hearing loss in a common mouse model of presbycusis, the BALB/c mouse.
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Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): David Chhan, Melissa L. McKinnon, John J. Rosowski
While many mouse models of hearing loss have been described, a significant fraction of the genetic defects in these models affect both the inner ear and middle ears. A common method used to separate inner-ear (sensory-neural) from middle-ear (conductive) pathologies in the hearing clinic is the combination of air-conduction and bone-conduction audiometry. In this report, we investigate the use of air- and bone-conducted evoked auditory brainstem responses to perform a similar separation in mice. We describe a technique by which we stimulate the mouse ear both acoustically and via whole-head vibration. We investigate the sensitivity of this technique to conductive hearing loss by introducing middle-ear lesions in normal hearing mice. We also use the technique to investigate the presence of an age-related conductive hearing loss in a common mouse model of presbycusis, the BALB/c mouse.
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Identification of induced and naturally occurring conductive hearing loss in mice using bone conduction
Publication date: Available online 4 February 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): David Chhan, Melissa L. McKinnon, John J. Rosowski
While many mouse models of hearing loss have been described, a significant fraction of the genetic defects in these models affect both the inner ear and middle ears. A common method used to separate inner-ear (sensory-neural) from middle-ear (conductive) pathologies in the hearing clinic is the combination of air-conduction and bone-conduction audiometry. In this report, we investigate the use of air- and bone-conducted evoked auditory brainstem responses to perform a similar separation in mice. We describe a technique by which we stimulate the mouse ear both acoustically and via whole-head vibration. We investigate the sensitivity of this technique to conductive hearing loss by introducing middle-ear lesions in normal hearing mice. We also use the technique to investigate the presence of an age-related conductive hearing loss in a common mouse model of presbycusis, the BALB/c mouse.
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Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): David Chhan, Melissa L. McKinnon, John J. Rosowski
While many mouse models of hearing loss have been described, a significant fraction of the genetic defects in these models affect both the inner ear and middle ears. A common method used to separate inner-ear (sensory-neural) from middle-ear (conductive) pathologies in the hearing clinic is the combination of air-conduction and bone-conduction audiometry. In this report, we investigate the use of air- and bone-conducted evoked auditory brainstem responses to perform a similar separation in mice. We describe a technique by which we stimulate the mouse ear both acoustically and via whole-head vibration. We investigate the sensitivity of this technique to conductive hearing loss by introducing middle-ear lesions in normal hearing mice. We also use the technique to investigate the presence of an age-related conductive hearing loss in a common mouse model of presbycusis, the BALB/c mouse.
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Subjective and Objective Voice Assessments After Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve-Preserved Total Thyroidectomy
Publication date: Available online 3 February 2017
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Chariton E. Papadakis, Panagiota Asimakopoulou, Efklidis Proimos, George Perogamvrakis, Effrosyni Papoutsaki, Theognosia Chimona
ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate early voice changes after total thyroidectomy, to assess the improved parameters in intermediate postoperative intervals, to evaluate the effect of age on voice after thyroidectomy, and to determine the correlation between the objective and the subjective method outcomes.Study DesignThis is a prospective, nonrandomized study.Materials and MethodsOne hundred ninety-one participants, divided into two age groups, underwent three full voice assessments (preoperatively and 1 and 8 weeks after thyroidectomy) by means of videostroboscopy, perceptual evaluation, acoustic analysis, aerodynamic evaluation, and a self-evaluation questionnaire. Two control groups enrolled in the study: (1) patients with an indication of neck surgery not related to laryngeal nerve injury risk or strap muscle dissection and (2) patients with an indication of a non-neck surgery.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was found in any voice parameter, between preoperative and 1-week postoperative assessment regarding the control groups. A statistically significant difference was found between preoperative evaluation and 1 week after thyroidectomy for the total study population, as well as for the ≥40 years' age subgroup for all parameters evaluated except for shimmer. The <40 years' age subgroup showed a statistically significant difference in pitch, maximum phonation time, and grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain (GRBAS) score between preoperative evaluation and 1 week after thyroidectomy. None of the parameters showed a statistical significant difference in the <40 years' age subgroup at 8 weeks' evaluation. The Voice Handicap Index (VHI) score correlated significantly with the GRBAS score preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 and 8 weeks' evaluations. Furthermore, VHI correlated significantly with pitch a week postoperatively. GRBAS scores showed significant correlation not only with VHI but also with acoustic parameters including pitch, shimmer, and noise-to-harmonic ratio 1 and 8 weeks after thyroidectomy.ConclusionsObjective voice changes are common in the majority of the thyroidectomized patients in the early postoperative period. Our results revealed that these changes are related to thyroidectomy per se. Older patients (≥40 years of age) show acoustic and aerodynamic changes 8 weeks postoperatively, although they report no voice abnormalities and their perceptual evaluation is similar to the preoperative one.
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Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Chariton E. Papadakis, Panagiota Asimakopoulou, Efklidis Proimos, George Perogamvrakis, Effrosyni Papoutsaki, Theognosia Chimona
ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate early voice changes after total thyroidectomy, to assess the improved parameters in intermediate postoperative intervals, to evaluate the effect of age on voice after thyroidectomy, and to determine the correlation between the objective and the subjective method outcomes.Study DesignThis is a prospective, nonrandomized study.Materials and MethodsOne hundred ninety-one participants, divided into two age groups, underwent three full voice assessments (preoperatively and 1 and 8 weeks after thyroidectomy) by means of videostroboscopy, perceptual evaluation, acoustic analysis, aerodynamic evaluation, and a self-evaluation questionnaire. Two control groups enrolled in the study: (1) patients with an indication of neck surgery not related to laryngeal nerve injury risk or strap muscle dissection and (2) patients with an indication of a non-neck surgery.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was found in any voice parameter, between preoperative and 1-week postoperative assessment regarding the control groups. A statistically significant difference was found between preoperative evaluation and 1 week after thyroidectomy for the total study population, as well as for the ≥40 years' age subgroup for all parameters evaluated except for shimmer. The <40 years' age subgroup showed a statistically significant difference in pitch, maximum phonation time, and grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain (GRBAS) score between preoperative evaluation and 1 week after thyroidectomy. None of the parameters showed a statistical significant difference in the <40 years' age subgroup at 8 weeks' evaluation. The Voice Handicap Index (VHI) score correlated significantly with the GRBAS score preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 and 8 weeks' evaluations. Furthermore, VHI correlated significantly with pitch a week postoperatively. GRBAS scores showed significant correlation not only with VHI but also with acoustic parameters including pitch, shimmer, and noise-to-harmonic ratio 1 and 8 weeks after thyroidectomy.ConclusionsObjective voice changes are common in the majority of the thyroidectomized patients in the early postoperative period. Our results revealed that these changes are related to thyroidectomy per se. Older patients (≥40 years of age) show acoustic and aerodynamic changes 8 weeks postoperatively, although they report no voice abnormalities and their perceptual evaluation is similar to the preoperative one.
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Oscillatory Onset and Offset in Young Vocally Healthy Adults Across Various Measurement Methods
Publication date: Available online 3 February 2017
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Rita R. Patel, Reuben Walker, Michael Döllinger
ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between (1) oscillatory onset-offset time across various approaches that use different measurement criteria and (2) oscillatory onset and offset times in vocally healthy young adults.MethodOscillatory onset-offset times were obtained from 71 vocally normal adults, using high-speed videoendoscopy. Comparisons between the different onset methods involved measurement of the oscillatory onset time (OOT), voice initiation period (VIP), and the phonation onset time (POT), and for offset methods involved computation of the oscillatory offset time (OOToff) and the phonation offset time.ResultsCorrelation of the OOT with the VIP was 0.240 (P = 0.04) and with the POT form glottal area waveform was 0.248 (P = 0.04); however, correlation between the VIP and the POT glottal area waveform was 0.661 (P < 0.001). For offset, there was a moderate correlation (rS = 0.503, P < 0.001) across OOToff and vocal offset period. The onset time was longest for the OOT followed by the VIP and the POT. There was no correlation between onset and offset for all methods.ConclusionsA framework for quantification of oscillatory onset-offset time was developed for /hi/ tasks, which can be used for future measurements of disordered voice. A positive relationship was observed between VIP and POT and between OOToff and vocal offset period. There was a nonlinear relationship between the OOT, VIP, and POT measures. Onset-offset times are strongly influenced by the calculation method used, the pros and cons of which are discussed in this paper. Vibratory onset and offset represent physiologically different phenomena.
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Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Rita R. Patel, Reuben Walker, Michael Döllinger
ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between (1) oscillatory onset-offset time across various approaches that use different measurement criteria and (2) oscillatory onset and offset times in vocally healthy young adults.MethodOscillatory onset-offset times were obtained from 71 vocally normal adults, using high-speed videoendoscopy. Comparisons between the different onset methods involved measurement of the oscillatory onset time (OOT), voice initiation period (VIP), and the phonation onset time (POT), and for offset methods involved computation of the oscillatory offset time (OOToff) and the phonation offset time.ResultsCorrelation of the OOT with the VIP was 0.240 (P = 0.04) and with the POT form glottal area waveform was 0.248 (P = 0.04); however, correlation between the VIP and the POT glottal area waveform was 0.661 (P < 0.001). For offset, there was a moderate correlation (rS = 0.503, P < 0.001) across OOToff and vocal offset period. The onset time was longest for the OOT followed by the VIP and the POT. There was no correlation between onset and offset for all methods.ConclusionsA framework for quantification of oscillatory onset-offset time was developed for /hi/ tasks, which can be used for future measurements of disordered voice. A positive relationship was observed between VIP and POT and between OOToff and vocal offset period. There was a nonlinear relationship between the OOT, VIP, and POT measures. Onset-offset times are strongly influenced by the calculation method used, the pros and cons of which are discussed in this paper. Vibratory onset and offset represent physiologically different phenomena.
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Hip joint mechanics during walking in individuals with mild-to-moderate hip osteoarthritis
Publication date: March 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 53
Author(s): Maria Constantinou, Aderson Loureiro, Christopher Carty, Peter Mills, Rod Barrett
The purpose of this case-control study was to characterise hip joint kinematics and moments during gait in people with mild-to-moderate hip osteoarthritis (OA). Eligible participants were allocated to the hip OA group (n=27) or the age-matched control group (n=26) based on radiographic and symptomatically defined inclusion criteria. Participants walked barefoot along a 10-m walkway at their self-selected gait speed. Trajectories of 43 markers attached to the trunk, pelvis, upper and lower limbs were recorded using a 12-camera motion capture system. Ground reaction force data were simultaneously collected. Individuals in the hip OA group had a 10% higher body mass, 13% slower self-selected walking speed, 10% shorter step length, 2% and 9% longer relative stance and double support duration (% stride) respectively, 41% lower sagittal plane hip range of motion, and 28% and 45% lower peak sagittal and transverse plane hip joint moments respectively during gait compared to controls (p<0.05). The finding that individuals with mild-to-moderate hip OA experienced less net hip joint loading over a reduced range of hip motion for a longer proportion of the gait cycle when walking at their preferred gait speed suggest that the mechanics of the hip joint are altered in hip OA, and could have implications for disease progression through altered mechano-biological processes within the joint.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 53
Author(s): Maria Constantinou, Aderson Loureiro, Christopher Carty, Peter Mills, Rod Barrett
The purpose of this case-control study was to characterise hip joint kinematics and moments during gait in people with mild-to-moderate hip osteoarthritis (OA). Eligible participants were allocated to the hip OA group (n=27) or the age-matched control group (n=26) based on radiographic and symptomatically defined inclusion criteria. Participants walked barefoot along a 10-m walkway at their self-selected gait speed. Trajectories of 43 markers attached to the trunk, pelvis, upper and lower limbs were recorded using a 12-camera motion capture system. Ground reaction force data were simultaneously collected. Individuals in the hip OA group had a 10% higher body mass, 13% slower self-selected walking speed, 10% shorter step length, 2% and 9% longer relative stance and double support duration (% stride) respectively, 41% lower sagittal plane hip range of motion, and 28% and 45% lower peak sagittal and transverse plane hip joint moments respectively during gait compared to controls (p<0.05). The finding that individuals with mild-to-moderate hip OA experienced less net hip joint loading over a reduced range of hip motion for a longer proportion of the gait cycle when walking at their preferred gait speed suggest that the mechanics of the hip joint are altered in hip OA, and could have implications for disease progression through altered mechano-biological processes within the joint.
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Unplanned gait termination in individuals with multiple sclerosis
Publication date: March 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 53
Author(s): Kathleen L. Roeing, Yaejin Moon, Jacob J. Sosnoff
Despite the pervasive nature of gait impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS), there is limited information concerning the control of gait termination in individuals with MS. The purpose of this investigation was to examine unplanned gait termination with and without cognitive distractors in individuals with MS compared to healthy controls. Thirty-one individuals with MS and 14 healthy controls completed a series of unplanned gait termination tasks over a pressure sensitive walkway under distracting and non-distracting conditions. Individuals with MS were further broken down into groups based on assistive device use: (no assistive device (MSnoAD) n=18; and assistive device (MSAD) n=13). Individuals with MS who walked with an assistive device (MSAD: 67.8±15.1cm/s) walked slower than individuals without an assistive device (MSnoAD: 110.4±32.3cm/s, p<0.01) and controls (120.0±30.0cm/s; p<0.01). There was a significant reduction in velocity in the cognitively distracting condition (93.4±32.1cm/s) compared to the normal condition [108.8±36.2cm/s; F(1,43)=3.4, p=0.04]. All participants took longer to stop during the distracting condition (1.7±0.6s) than the non-distracting condition (1.4±0.4s; U=673.0 p<0.01). After controlling for gait velocity, post-hoc analysis revealed the MSAD group took significantly longer to stop compared to the control group (p=0.05). Further research investigating the control of unplanned gait termination in MS is warranted.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 53
Author(s): Kathleen L. Roeing, Yaejin Moon, Jacob J. Sosnoff
Despite the pervasive nature of gait impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS), there is limited information concerning the control of gait termination in individuals with MS. The purpose of this investigation was to examine unplanned gait termination with and without cognitive distractors in individuals with MS compared to healthy controls. Thirty-one individuals with MS and 14 healthy controls completed a series of unplanned gait termination tasks over a pressure sensitive walkway under distracting and non-distracting conditions. Individuals with MS were further broken down into groups based on assistive device use: (no assistive device (MSnoAD) n=18; and assistive device (MSAD) n=13). Individuals with MS who walked with an assistive device (MSAD: 67.8±15.1cm/s) walked slower than individuals without an assistive device (MSnoAD: 110.4±32.3cm/s, p<0.01) and controls (120.0±30.0cm/s; p<0.01). There was a significant reduction in velocity in the cognitively distracting condition (93.4±32.1cm/s) compared to the normal condition [108.8±36.2cm/s; F(1,43)=3.4, p=0.04]. All participants took longer to stop during the distracting condition (1.7±0.6s) than the non-distracting condition (1.4±0.4s; U=673.0 p<0.01). After controlling for gait velocity, post-hoc analysis revealed the MSAD group took significantly longer to stop compared to the control group (p=0.05). Further research investigating the control of unplanned gait termination in MS is warranted.
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Hip joint mechanics during walking in individuals with mild-to-moderate hip osteoarthritis
Publication date: March 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 53
Author(s): Maria Constantinou, Aderson Loureiro, Christopher Carty, Peter Mills, Rod Barrett
The purpose of this case-control study was to characterise hip joint kinematics and moments during gait in people with mild-to-moderate hip osteoarthritis (OA). Eligible participants were allocated to the hip OA group (n=27) or the age-matched control group (n=26) based on radiographic and symptomatically defined inclusion criteria. Participants walked barefoot along a 10-m walkway at their self-selected gait speed. Trajectories of 43 markers attached to the trunk, pelvis, upper and lower limbs were recorded using a 12-camera motion capture system. Ground reaction force data were simultaneously collected. Individuals in the hip OA group had a 10% higher body mass, 13% slower self-selected walking speed, 10% shorter step length, 2% and 9% longer relative stance and double support duration (% stride) respectively, 41% lower sagittal plane hip range of motion, and 28% and 45% lower peak sagittal and transverse plane hip joint moments respectively during gait compared to controls (p<0.05). The finding that individuals with mild-to-moderate hip OA experienced less net hip joint loading over a reduced range of hip motion for a longer proportion of the gait cycle when walking at their preferred gait speed suggest that the mechanics of the hip joint are altered in hip OA, and could have implications for disease progression through altered mechano-biological processes within the joint.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 53
Author(s): Maria Constantinou, Aderson Loureiro, Christopher Carty, Peter Mills, Rod Barrett
The purpose of this case-control study was to characterise hip joint kinematics and moments during gait in people with mild-to-moderate hip osteoarthritis (OA). Eligible participants were allocated to the hip OA group (n=27) or the age-matched control group (n=26) based on radiographic and symptomatically defined inclusion criteria. Participants walked barefoot along a 10-m walkway at their self-selected gait speed. Trajectories of 43 markers attached to the trunk, pelvis, upper and lower limbs were recorded using a 12-camera motion capture system. Ground reaction force data were simultaneously collected. Individuals in the hip OA group had a 10% higher body mass, 13% slower self-selected walking speed, 10% shorter step length, 2% and 9% longer relative stance and double support duration (% stride) respectively, 41% lower sagittal plane hip range of motion, and 28% and 45% lower peak sagittal and transverse plane hip joint moments respectively during gait compared to controls (p<0.05). The finding that individuals with mild-to-moderate hip OA experienced less net hip joint loading over a reduced range of hip motion for a longer proportion of the gait cycle when walking at their preferred gait speed suggest that the mechanics of the hip joint are altered in hip OA, and could have implications for disease progression through altered mechano-biological processes within the joint.
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Unplanned gait termination in individuals with multiple sclerosis
Publication date: March 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 53
Author(s): Kathleen L. Roeing, Yaejin Moon, Jacob J. Sosnoff
Despite the pervasive nature of gait impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS), there is limited information concerning the control of gait termination in individuals with MS. The purpose of this investigation was to examine unplanned gait termination with and without cognitive distractors in individuals with MS compared to healthy controls. Thirty-one individuals with MS and 14 healthy controls completed a series of unplanned gait termination tasks over a pressure sensitive walkway under distracting and non-distracting conditions. Individuals with MS were further broken down into groups based on assistive device use: (no assistive device (MSnoAD) n=18; and assistive device (MSAD) n=13). Individuals with MS who walked with an assistive device (MSAD: 67.8±15.1cm/s) walked slower than individuals without an assistive device (MSnoAD: 110.4±32.3cm/s, p<0.01) and controls (120.0±30.0cm/s; p<0.01). There was a significant reduction in velocity in the cognitively distracting condition (93.4±32.1cm/s) compared to the normal condition [108.8±36.2cm/s; F(1,43)=3.4, p=0.04]. All participants took longer to stop during the distracting condition (1.7±0.6s) than the non-distracting condition (1.4±0.4s; U=673.0 p<0.01). After controlling for gait velocity, post-hoc analysis revealed the MSAD group took significantly longer to stop compared to the control group (p=0.05). Further research investigating the control of unplanned gait termination in MS is warranted.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 53
Author(s): Kathleen L. Roeing, Yaejin Moon, Jacob J. Sosnoff
Despite the pervasive nature of gait impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS), there is limited information concerning the control of gait termination in individuals with MS. The purpose of this investigation was to examine unplanned gait termination with and without cognitive distractors in individuals with MS compared to healthy controls. Thirty-one individuals with MS and 14 healthy controls completed a series of unplanned gait termination tasks over a pressure sensitive walkway under distracting and non-distracting conditions. Individuals with MS were further broken down into groups based on assistive device use: (no assistive device (MSnoAD) n=18; and assistive device (MSAD) n=13). Individuals with MS who walked with an assistive device (MSAD: 67.8±15.1cm/s) walked slower than individuals without an assistive device (MSnoAD: 110.4±32.3cm/s, p<0.01) and controls (120.0±30.0cm/s; p<0.01). There was a significant reduction in velocity in the cognitively distracting condition (93.4±32.1cm/s) compared to the normal condition [108.8±36.2cm/s; F(1,43)=3.4, p=0.04]. All participants took longer to stop during the distracting condition (1.7±0.6s) than the non-distracting condition (1.4±0.4s; U=673.0 p<0.01). After controlling for gait velocity, post-hoc analysis revealed the MSAD group took significantly longer to stop compared to the control group (p=0.05). Further research investigating the control of unplanned gait termination in MS is warranted.
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Hip joint mechanics during walking in individuals with mild-to-moderate hip osteoarthritis
Publication date: March 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 53
Author(s): Maria Constantinou, Aderson Loureiro, Christopher Carty, Peter Mills, Rod Barrett
The purpose of this case-control study was to characterise hip joint kinematics and moments during gait in people with mild-to-moderate hip osteoarthritis (OA). Eligible participants were allocated to the hip OA group (n=27) or the age-matched control group (n=26) based on radiographic and symptomatically defined inclusion criteria. Participants walked barefoot along a 10-m walkway at their self-selected gait speed. Trajectories of 43 markers attached to the trunk, pelvis, upper and lower limbs were recorded using a 12-camera motion capture system. Ground reaction force data were simultaneously collected. Individuals in the hip OA group had a 10% higher body mass, 13% slower self-selected walking speed, 10% shorter step length, 2% and 9% longer relative stance and double support duration (% stride) respectively, 41% lower sagittal plane hip range of motion, and 28% and 45% lower peak sagittal and transverse plane hip joint moments respectively during gait compared to controls (p<0.05). The finding that individuals with mild-to-moderate hip OA experienced less net hip joint loading over a reduced range of hip motion for a longer proportion of the gait cycle when walking at their preferred gait speed suggest that the mechanics of the hip joint are altered in hip OA, and could have implications for disease progression through altered mechano-biological processes within the joint.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 53
Author(s): Maria Constantinou, Aderson Loureiro, Christopher Carty, Peter Mills, Rod Barrett
The purpose of this case-control study was to characterise hip joint kinematics and moments during gait in people with mild-to-moderate hip osteoarthritis (OA). Eligible participants were allocated to the hip OA group (n=27) or the age-matched control group (n=26) based on radiographic and symptomatically defined inclusion criteria. Participants walked barefoot along a 10-m walkway at their self-selected gait speed. Trajectories of 43 markers attached to the trunk, pelvis, upper and lower limbs were recorded using a 12-camera motion capture system. Ground reaction force data were simultaneously collected. Individuals in the hip OA group had a 10% higher body mass, 13% slower self-selected walking speed, 10% shorter step length, 2% and 9% longer relative stance and double support duration (% stride) respectively, 41% lower sagittal plane hip range of motion, and 28% and 45% lower peak sagittal and transverse plane hip joint moments respectively during gait compared to controls (p<0.05). The finding that individuals with mild-to-moderate hip OA experienced less net hip joint loading over a reduced range of hip motion for a longer proportion of the gait cycle when walking at their preferred gait speed suggest that the mechanics of the hip joint are altered in hip OA, and could have implications for disease progression through altered mechano-biological processes within the joint.
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Unplanned gait termination in individuals with multiple sclerosis
Publication date: March 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 53
Author(s): Kathleen L. Roeing, Yaejin Moon, Jacob J. Sosnoff
Despite the pervasive nature of gait impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS), there is limited information concerning the control of gait termination in individuals with MS. The purpose of this investigation was to examine unplanned gait termination with and without cognitive distractors in individuals with MS compared to healthy controls. Thirty-one individuals with MS and 14 healthy controls completed a series of unplanned gait termination tasks over a pressure sensitive walkway under distracting and non-distracting conditions. Individuals with MS were further broken down into groups based on assistive device use: (no assistive device (MSnoAD) n=18; and assistive device (MSAD) n=13). Individuals with MS who walked with an assistive device (MSAD: 67.8±15.1cm/s) walked slower than individuals without an assistive device (MSnoAD: 110.4±32.3cm/s, p<0.01) and controls (120.0±30.0cm/s; p<0.01). There was a significant reduction in velocity in the cognitively distracting condition (93.4±32.1cm/s) compared to the normal condition [108.8±36.2cm/s; F(1,43)=3.4, p=0.04]. All participants took longer to stop during the distracting condition (1.7±0.6s) than the non-distracting condition (1.4±0.4s; U=673.0 p<0.01). After controlling for gait velocity, post-hoc analysis revealed the MSAD group took significantly longer to stop compared to the control group (p=0.05). Further research investigating the control of unplanned gait termination in MS is warranted.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 53
Author(s): Kathleen L. Roeing, Yaejin Moon, Jacob J. Sosnoff
Despite the pervasive nature of gait impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS), there is limited information concerning the control of gait termination in individuals with MS. The purpose of this investigation was to examine unplanned gait termination with and without cognitive distractors in individuals with MS compared to healthy controls. Thirty-one individuals with MS and 14 healthy controls completed a series of unplanned gait termination tasks over a pressure sensitive walkway under distracting and non-distracting conditions. Individuals with MS were further broken down into groups based on assistive device use: (no assistive device (MSnoAD) n=18; and assistive device (MSAD) n=13). Individuals with MS who walked with an assistive device (MSAD: 67.8±15.1cm/s) walked slower than individuals without an assistive device (MSnoAD: 110.4±32.3cm/s, p<0.01) and controls (120.0±30.0cm/s; p<0.01). There was a significant reduction in velocity in the cognitively distracting condition (93.4±32.1cm/s) compared to the normal condition [108.8±36.2cm/s; F(1,43)=3.4, p=0.04]. All participants took longer to stop during the distracting condition (1.7±0.6s) than the non-distracting condition (1.4±0.4s; U=673.0 p<0.01). After controlling for gait velocity, post-hoc analysis revealed the MSAD group took significantly longer to stop compared to the control group (p=0.05). Further research investigating the control of unplanned gait termination in MS is warranted.
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La lectura en el autismo
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología, Volume 37, Issue 1
Author(s): David Saldaña
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El trastorno específico del lenguaje
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología, Volume 37, Issue 1
Author(s): Miquel Serra
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La lectura en el autismo
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología, Volume 37, Issue 1
Author(s): David Saldaña
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El trastorno específico del lenguaje
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología, Volume 37, Issue 1
Author(s): Miquel Serra
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La lectura en el autismo
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología, Volume 37, Issue 1
Author(s): David Saldaña
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El trastorno específico del lenguaje
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología, Volume 37, Issue 1
Author(s): Miquel Serra
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