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Τετάρτη 30 Μαρτίου 2016
AAA Releases Guidance for Hearing Loss from Zika Virus
The American Academy of Audiology (AAA) released a statement regarding the Zika virus outbreak and its potential impact on hearing health.
The Academy said it hearing loss due to the disease could occur at birth or acquired later.
"Much like cytomeglovirus and other pathologies, it is crucially important to identify hearing loss through infant hearing screening or preschool and school-aged screening programs for all infants and children who may be at high risk for hearing loss as a consequence of Zika virus disease," AAA said in a press release.
The concern of potential risks is targeted for the infants born of mothers who were or could be during pregnancy.
Learn more about the Zika virus: http://ift.tt/1lX0TJ3
Published: 3/30/2016 2:05:00 PM
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AAA Releases Guidance for Hearing Loss from Zika Virus
The American Academy of Audiology (AAA) released a statement regarding the Zika virus outbreak and its potential impact on hearing health.
The Academy said it hearing loss due to the disease could occur at birth or acquired later.
"Much like cytomeglovirus and other pathologies, it is crucially important to identify hearing loss through infant hearing screening or preschool and school-aged screening programs for all infants and children who may be at high risk for hearing loss as a consequence of Zika virus disease," AAA said in a press release.
The concern of potential risks is targeted for the infants born of mothers who were or could be during pregnancy.
Learn more about the Zika virus: http://ift.tt/1lX0TJ3
Published: 3/30/2016 2:05:00 PM
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AAA Releases Guidance for Hearing Loss from Zika Virus
The American Academy of Audiology (AAA) released a statement regarding the Zika virus outbreak and its potential impact on hearing health.
The Academy said it hearing loss due to the disease could occur at birth or acquired later.
"Much like cytomeglovirus and other pathologies, it is crucially important to identify hearing loss through infant hearing screening or preschool and school-aged screening programs for all infants and children who may be at high risk for hearing loss as a consequence of Zika virus disease," AAA said in a press release.
The concern of potential risks is targeted for the infants born of mothers who were or could be during pregnancy.
Learn more about the Zika virus: http://ift.tt/1lX0TJ3
Published: 3/30/2016 2:05:00 PM
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Response to Letter : Psychometric properties of the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI): Assessment in a UK research volunteer population
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Kathryn Fackrell, Deborah A. Hall, Johanna G. Barry, Derek J. Hoare
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Response to Letter : Psychometric properties of the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI): Assessment in a UK research volunteer population
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Kathryn Fackrell, Deborah A. Hall, Johanna G. Barry, Derek J. Hoare
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Response to Letter : Psychometric properties of the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI): Assessment in a UK research volunteer population
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Kathryn Fackrell, Deborah A. Hall, Johanna G. Barry, Derek J. Hoare
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Scanning Electron Microscopic Examination of the Extracellular Matrix in the Decellularized Mouse and Human Cochlea
Abstract
Decellularized tissues have been used to investigate the extracellular matrix (ECM) in a number of different tissues and species. Santi and Johnson JARO 14:3-15 (2013) first described the decellularized inner ear in the mouse, rat, and human using scanning thin-sheet laser imaging microscopy (sTSLIM). The purpose of the present investigation is to examine decellularized cochleas in the mouse and human at higher resolution using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fresh cochleas were harvested and decellularized using detergent extraction methods. Following decellularization, the ECM of the bone, basilar membrane, spiral limbus, and ligament remained, and all of the cells were removed from the cochlea. A number of similarities and differences in the ECM of the mouse and human were observed. A novel, spirally directed structure was present on the basilar membrane and is located at the border between Hensen and Boettcher cells. These septa-like structures formed a single row in the mouse and multiple rows in the human. The basal lamina of the stria vascularis capillaries was present and appeared thicker in the human compared with the mouse. In the mouse, numerous openings beneath the spiral prominence that previously housed the root processes of the external sulcus cells were observed but in the human there was only a single row of openings. These and other anatomical differences in the ECM between the mouse and human may reflect functional differences and/or be due to aging; however, decellularized cochleas provide a new way to examine the cochlear ECM and reveal new observations.
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Production of Korean Idiomatic Utterances Following Left- and Right-Hemisphere Damage: Acoustic Studies
Purpose
This study investigates the effects of left- and right-hemisphere damage (LHD and RHD) on the production of idiomatic or literal expressions utilizing acoustic analyses.
Method
Twenty-one native speakers of Korean with LHD or RHD and in a healthy control (HC) group produced 6 ditropically ambiguous (idiomatic or literal) sentences in 2 different speech tasks: elicitation and repetition. Utterances were analyzed using durational and fundamental-frequency (F0) measures. Listeners' goodness ratings (how well each utterance represented its category: idiomatic or literal) were correlated with acoustic measures.
Results
During the elicitation tasks, the LHD group differed significantly from the HC group in durational measures. Significant differences between the RHD and HC groups were seen in F0 measures. However, for the repetition tasks, the LHD and RHD groups produced utterances comparable to the HC group's performance. Using regression analysis, selected F0 cues were found to be significant predictors for goodness ratings by listeners.
Conclusions
Using elicitation, speakers in the LHD group were deficient in producing durational cues, whereas RHD negatively affected the production of F0 cues. Performance differed for elicitation and repetition, indicating a task effect. Listeners' goodness ratings were highly correlated with the production of certain acoustic cues. Both the acoustic and functional hypotheses of hemispheric specialization were supported for idiom production.from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1SxTtHz
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Production of Korean Idiomatic Utterances Following Left- and Right-Hemisphere Damage: Acoustic Studies
Purpose
This study investigates the effects of left- and right-hemisphere damage (LHD and RHD) on the production of idiomatic or literal expressions utilizing acoustic analyses.
Method
Twenty-one native speakers of Korean with LHD or RHD and in a healthy control (HC) group produced 6 ditropically ambiguous (idiomatic or literal) sentences in 2 different speech tasks: elicitation and repetition. Utterances were analyzed using durational and fundamental-frequency (F0) measures. Listeners' goodness ratings (how well each utterance represented its category: idiomatic or literal) were correlated with acoustic measures.
Results
During the elicitation tasks, the LHD group differed significantly from the HC group in durational measures. Significant differences between the RHD and HC groups were seen in F0 measures. However, for the repetition tasks, the LHD and RHD groups produced utterances comparable to the HC group's performance. Using regression analysis, selected F0 cues were found to be significant predictors for goodness ratings by listeners.
Conclusions
Using elicitation, speakers in the LHD group were deficient in producing durational cues, whereas RHD negatively affected the production of F0 cues. Performance differed for elicitation and repetition, indicating a task effect. Listeners' goodness ratings were highly correlated with the production of certain acoustic cues. Both the acoustic and functional hypotheses of hemispheric specialization were supported for idiom production.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1SxTtHz
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Production of Korean Idiomatic Utterances Following Left- and Right-Hemisphere Damage: Acoustic Studies
Purpose
This study investigates the effects of left- and right-hemisphere damage (LHD and RHD) on the production of idiomatic or literal expressions utilizing acoustic analyses.
Method
Twenty-one native speakers of Korean with LHD or RHD and in a healthy control (HC) group produced 6 ditropically ambiguous (idiomatic or literal) sentences in 2 different speech tasks: elicitation and repetition. Utterances were analyzed using durational and fundamental-frequency (F0) measures. Listeners' goodness ratings (how well each utterance represented its category: idiomatic or literal) were correlated with acoustic measures.
Results
During the elicitation tasks, the LHD group differed significantly from the HC group in durational measures. Significant differences between the RHD and HC groups were seen in F0 measures. However, for the repetition tasks, the LHD and RHD groups produced utterances comparable to the HC group's performance. Using regression analysis, selected F0 cues were found to be significant predictors for goodness ratings by listeners.
Conclusions
Using elicitation, speakers in the LHD group were deficient in producing durational cues, whereas RHD negatively affected the production of F0 cues. Performance differed for elicitation and repetition, indicating a task effect. Listeners' goodness ratings were highly correlated with the production of certain acoustic cues. Both the acoustic and functional hypotheses of hemispheric specialization were supported for idiom production.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1SxTtHz
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Comparison of Newborn Hearing Screening in Well-Baby Nursery and NICU: A Study Applied to Reduce Referral Rate in NICU
by Pei-Chun Li, Wei-I Chen, Chih-Ming Huang, Ching-Ju Liu, Hsiu-wen Chang, Hung-Ching Lin
ObjectivesTo determine whether newborn hearing screening in a well-baby nursery (WBN) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nursery: 1) meet three targeted, screening, referral, and diagnostic follow-up rates; 2) compare the average age of diagnosis for infants admitted to the WIN and NICU; and 3) determine prevalence of hearing loss in neonatal population; and 4) try to find a practical newborn hearing screening time algorithm to reduce refer rate in NICU
Materials and MethodsIt examined 15,624 newborns in the WBN (13,676) and NICU (1948) screened for congenital HL using AABR. The variables analyzed in it were the screening rate, referral rate, follow-up rate, diagnostic rate and diagnostic age, prevalence rate, degrees of congenital bilateral HL. The study was approved by the hospital’s institutional review board (13MMHISO23).
ResultsThe screening rates were 99.8% and 99.6% in the WBN and NICU groups, respectively, without significant difference. The referral rates were 0.7% and 2.8% in the WBN and NICU groups, with significant difference. Furthermore, the diagnostic follow-up rates were 76.7% and 89.1% in the WBN and NICU groups, without significant difference. The average initial diagnostic ages were 1.9 months and 3.8 months in the WBN and NICU groups, with significant difference. The prevalence of congenital bilateral hearing loss were 0.27% and 1.6% in the WBN and NICU groups, with significant difference.
ConclusionThe screening, referral and follow-up rate in the WBN and NICU groups were equivalent to the quality indicators. For NICU group, screening and diagnostic follow up were performed later than those in WBN group; however the lower referral rate in our NICU group was successfully achieved in this study and can be applied clinically. The prevalence of congenital bilateral hearing loss was higher in the NICU group than in the WBN group.
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Zika Virus Disease Outbreak and Infant Hearing Loss
On February 1, the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern about the recent outbreak of the Zika Virus Disease. Within one week of the WHO’s declaration, the Center for Disease Control issued its highest response (Level 1) activation, due to the growing number of Zika cases recently reported.
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Nonlinear acoustic pulse propagation in dispersive sediments using fractional loss operators
The nonlinear progressive wave equation (NPE) is a time-domain formulation of the Euler fluid equations designed to model low-angle wave propagation using a wave-following computational domain. The wave-following frame of reference permits the simulation of long-range propagation and is useful in modeling blast wave effects in the ocean waveguide. Existing models do not take into account frequency-dependent sediment attenuation, a feature necessary for accurately describing sound propagation over, into, and out of the ocean sediment. Sediment attenuation is addressed in this work by applying lossy operators to the governing equation that are based on a fractional Laplacian. These operators accurately describe frequency-dependent attenuation and dispersion in typical ocean sediments. However, dispersion within the sediment is found to be a secondary process to absorption and effectively negligible for ranges of interest. The resulting fractional NPE is benchmarked against a Fourier-transformed parabolic equationsolution for a linear case, and against the analytical Mendousse solution to Burgers' equation for the nonlinear case. The fractional NPE is then used to investigate the effects of attenuation on shock wave propagation.
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Active control and sound synthesis—two different ways to investigate the influence of the modal parameters of a guitar on its sound
The vibrational behavior of musical instruments is usually studied using physical modeling and simulations. Recently, active control has proven its efficiency to experimentally modify the dynamical behavior of musical instruments. This approach could also be used as an experimental tool to systematically study fine physical phenomena. This paper proposes to use modal active control as an alternative to sound simulation to study the complex case of the coupling between classical guitar strings and soundboard. A comparison between modal active control and sound simulation investigates the advantages, the drawbacks, and the limits of these two approaches.
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A mutation in SLC22A4 encoding an organic cation transporter expressed in the cochlea strial endothelium causes human recessive non-syndromic hearing loss DFNB60.
A mutation in SLC22A4 encoding an organic cation transporter expressed in the cochlea strial endothelium causes human recessive non-syndromic hearing loss DFNB60.
Hum Genet. 2016 Mar 29;
Authors: Ben Said M, Grati M, Ishimoto T, Zou B, Chakchouk I, Ma Q, Yao Q, Hammami B, Yan D, Mittal R, Nakamichi N, Ghorbel A, Neng L, Tekin M, Shi XR, Kato Y, Masmoudi S, Lu Z, Hmani M, Liu X
Abstract
The high prevalence/incidence of hearing loss (HL) in humans makes it the most common sensory defect. The majority of the cases are of genetic origin. Non-syndromic hereditary HL is extremely heterogeneous. Genetic approaches have been instrumental in deciphering genes that are crucial for auditory function. In this study, we first used NADf chip to exclude the implication of known North-African mutations in HL in a large consanguineous Tunisian family (FT13) affected by autosomal recessive non-syndromic HL (ARNSHL). We then performed genome-wide linkage analysis and assigned the deafness gene locus to ch:5q23.2-31.1, corresponding to the DFNB60 ARNSHL locus. Moreover, we performed whole exome sequencing on FT13 patient DNA and uncovered amino acid substitution p.Cys113Tyr in SLC22A4, a transporter of organic cations, cosegregating with HL in FT13 and therefore the cause of ARNSHL DFNB60. We also screened a cohort of small Tunisian HL families and uncovered an additional deaf proband of consanguineous parents that is homozygous for p.Cys113Tyr carried by the same microsatellite marker haplotype as in FT13, indicating that this mutation is ancestral. Using immunofluorescence, we found that Slc22a4 is expressed in stria vascularis (SV) endothelial cells of rodent cochlea and targets their apical plasma membrane. We also found Slc22a4 transcripts in our RNA-seq library from purified primary culture of mouse SV endothelial cells. Interestingly, p.Cys113Tyr mutation affects the trafficking of the transporter and severely alters ergothioneine uptake. We conclude that SLC22A4 is an organic cation transporter of the SV endothelium that is essential for hearing, and its mutation causes DFNB60 form of HL.
PMID: 27023905 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Histopathology of the Human Inner Ear in the p.L114P COCH Mutation (DFNA9).
Histopathology of the Human Inner Ear in the p.L114P COCH Mutation (DFNA9).
Audiol Neurootol. 2016 Mar 30;21(2):88-97
Authors: Burgess BJ, O'Malley JT, Kamakura T, Kristiansen K, Robertson NG, Morton CC, Nadol JB
Abstract
The histopathology of the inner ear in a patient with hearing loss caused by the p.L114P COCH mutation and its correlation with the clinical phenotype are presented. To date, 23 COCH mutations causative of DFNA9 autosomal dominant sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular disorder have been reported, and the histopathology of the human inner ear has been described in 4 of these. The p.L114P COCH mutation was first described in a Korean family. We have identified the same mutation in a family of non-Asian ancestry in the USA, and the temporal bone histopathology and clinical findings are presented herein. The histopathology found in the inner ear was similar to that shown in the 4 other COCH mutations and included degeneration of the spiral ligament with deposition of an eosinophilic acellular material, which was also found in the distal osseous spiral lamina, at the base of the spiral limbus, and in mesenchymal tissue at the base of the vestibular neuroepithelium. This is the first description of human otopathology of the COCH p.L114P mutation. In addition, it is the only case with otopathology characterization in an individual with any COCH mutation and residual hearing, thus allowing assessment of primary histopathological events in DFNA9, before progression to more profound hearing loss. A quantitative cytologic analysis of atrophy in this specimen and immunostaining using anti-neurofilament and anti-myelin protein zero antibodies confirmed that the principal histopathologic correlate of hearing loss was degeneration of the dendritic fibers of spiral ganglion cells in the osseous spiral lamina. The implications for cochlear implantation in this disorder are discussed.
PMID: 27023102 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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