Editorial Board

Publication date: September 2018

Source: Gait & Posture, Volume 65

Author(s):

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2BlTShp
via IFTTT

Editorial Board

Publication date: September 2018

Source: Gait & Posture, Volume 65

Author(s):

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2BlTShp
via IFTTT

The effect of center of pressure alteration on the ground reaction force during gait: a statistical model

Publication date: Available online 17 August 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Hadar Shaulian, Deborah Solomonow-Avnon, Amir Herman, Nimrod Rozen, Amir Haim, Alon Wolf

Abstract

Background

Foot problems and lower-limb diseases (e.g., foot ulcers, osteoarthritis, etc.), are presented with a ground reaction force (GRF) that may deviate substantially from the normal. Thus, GRF manipulation is a key parameter when treating symptoms of these diseases. In the current study, we examined the impact of footwear-generated center of pressure (COP) manipulations on the GRF components, and the ability to predict this impact using statistical models.

Methods

A foot-worn biomechanical device which allows manual manipulation of the COP location was utilized. Twelve healthy young men underwent gait analysis with the device set to convey seven COP conditions: (1) a neutral condition, (2) lateral and (3) medial offset along the medio-lateral foot axis, (4) anterior and (5) posterior offset along the antero-posterior foot axis, and (6) a dorsi-flexion and (7) plantar-flexion condition. Changes in the magnitude and the early stance-phase impulse of the GRF components across COP conditions were observed. Linear models were used to describe relationships between COP conditions and GRF magnitude and impulse.

Results

With respect to ANOVA, the vertical and antero-posterior components of the GRF were significantly influenced by the COP configuration throughout the different stages of the stance-phase, whereas the medio-lateral components were not. The models of vertical, antero-posterior and medio-lateral GRF components were statistically significant.

Significance

The study results are valuable for the development of a method and means for efficient treatment of foot and lower-limb pathologies. The ability to predict and control the GRF components along three orthogonal axes, for a given COP location, provides a strong tool for efficient treatment of foot and lower-limb diseases and may also have relevant implications in sports shoe design. This study is a preliminary investigation for our ultimate goal to develop an effective treatment method by developing an autonomous GRF manipulations device based on closed-loop feedback.

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Mz4Gx1
via IFTTT

The effect of center of pressure alteration on the ground reaction force during gait: a statistical model

Publication date: Available online 17 August 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Hadar Shaulian, Deborah Solomonow-Avnon, Amir Herman, Nimrod Rozen, Amir Haim, Alon Wolf

Abstract

Background

Foot problems and lower-limb diseases (e.g., foot ulcers, osteoarthritis, etc.), are presented with a ground reaction force (GRF) that may deviate substantially from the normal. Thus, GRF manipulation is a key parameter when treating symptoms of these diseases. In the current study, we examined the impact of footwear-generated center of pressure (COP) manipulations on the GRF components, and the ability to predict this impact using statistical models.

Methods

A foot-worn biomechanical device which allows manual manipulation of the COP location was utilized. Twelve healthy young men underwent gait analysis with the device set to convey seven COP conditions: (1) a neutral condition, (2) lateral and (3) medial offset along the medio-lateral foot axis, (4) anterior and (5) posterior offset along the antero-posterior foot axis, and (6) a dorsi-flexion and (7) plantar-flexion condition. Changes in the magnitude and the early stance-phase impulse of the GRF components across COP conditions were observed. Linear models were used to describe relationships between COP conditions and GRF magnitude and impulse.

Results

With respect to ANOVA, the vertical and antero-posterior components of the GRF were significantly influenced by the COP configuration throughout the different stages of the stance-phase, whereas the medio-lateral components were not. The models of vertical, antero-posterior and medio-lateral GRF components were statistically significant.

Significance

The study results are valuable for the development of a method and means for efficient treatment of foot and lower-limb pathologies. The ability to predict and control the GRF components along three orthogonal axes, for a given COP location, provides a strong tool for efficient treatment of foot and lower-limb diseases and may also have relevant implications in sports shoe design. This study is a preliminary investigation for our ultimate goal to develop an effective treatment method by developing an autonomous GRF manipulations device based on closed-loop feedback.

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Mz4Gx1
via IFTTT

Editorial introduction: The 6th International Conference on Auditory Cortex

Publication date: September 2018

Source: Hearing Research, Volume 366

Author(s): Blake E. Butler, Yale E. Cohen, Stephen G. Lomber

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2BjX6lw
via IFTTT

Editorial Board

Publication date: September 2018

Source: Hearing Research, Volume 366

Author(s):

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2MDHgqE
via IFTTT

Editorial introduction: The 6th International Conference on Auditory Cortex

Publication date: September 2018

Source: Hearing Research, Volume 366

Author(s): Blake E. Butler, Yale E. Cohen, Stephen G. Lomber

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2BjX6lw
via IFTTT

Editorial Board

Publication date: September 2018

Source: Hearing Research, Volume 366

Author(s):

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2MDHgqE
via IFTTT

The Effects of Syntactic Complexity and Sentence Length on the Speech Motor Control of School-Age Children Who Stutter

Purpose

Early childhood stuttering is associated with atypical speech motor development. Compared with children who do not stutter (CWNS), the speech motor systems of school-age children who stutter (CWS) may also be particularly susceptible to breakdown under increased processing demands. The effects of increased syntactic complexity and sentence length on articulatory coordination were investigated.

Method

Kinematic, temporal, and behavioral indices of articulatory coordination were quantified for school-age CWS (n = 19) and CWNS (n = 18). Participants produced 4 sentences varying in syntactic complexity (simple declarative/complex declarative with a relative clause) and sentence length (short/long). Lip aperture variability (LAVar) served as a kinematic measure of interarticulatory consistency over repeated productions. Articulation rate (syllables per second) was also calculated as a related temporal measure. Finally, we computed accuracy and stuttering frequency percentages for each sentence to assess task performance.

Results

Increased sentence length, but not syntactic complexity, increased LAVar in both groups. This effect was disproportionately greater for CWS compared with CWNS. No group differences were observed for articulation rate. CWS were also less accurate in their sentence productions than fluent peers and exhibited more instances of stuttering when processing demands associated with length and syntactic complexity increases.

Conclusions

The speech motor systems of school-age CWS appear to be particularly vulnerable to processing demands associated with increased sentence length, as evidenced by increased LAVar. Increasing the length and complexity of the sentence stimuli also resulted in reduced production accuracy and increased stuttering frequency. We discuss these findings within a motor control framework of speech production.

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2L4rXSS
via IFTTT

The Effects of Syntactic Complexity and Sentence Length on the Speech Motor Control of School-Age Children Who Stutter

Purpose

Early childhood stuttering is associated with atypical speech motor development. Compared with children who do not stutter (CWNS), the speech motor systems of school-age children who stutter (CWS) may also be particularly susceptible to breakdown under increased processing demands. The effects of increased syntactic complexity and sentence length on articulatory coordination were investigated.

Method

Kinematic, temporal, and behavioral indices of articulatory coordination were quantified for school-age CWS (n = 19) and CWNS (n = 18). Participants produced 4 sentences varying in syntactic complexity (simple declarative/complex declarative with a relative clause) and sentence length (short/long). Lip aperture variability (LAVar) served as a kinematic measure of interarticulatory consistency over repeated productions. Articulation rate (syllables per second) was also calculated as a related temporal measure. Finally, we computed accuracy and stuttering frequency percentages for each sentence to assess task performance.

Results

Increased sentence length, but not syntactic complexity, increased LAVar in both groups. This effect was disproportionately greater for CWS compared with CWNS. No group differences were observed for articulation rate. CWS were also less accurate in their sentence productions than fluent peers and exhibited more instances of stuttering when processing demands associated with length and syntactic complexity increases.

Conclusions

The speech motor systems of school-age CWS appear to be particularly vulnerable to processing demands associated with increased sentence length, as evidenced by increased LAVar. Increasing the length and complexity of the sentence stimuli also resulted in reduced production accuracy and increased stuttering frequency. We discuss these findings within a motor control framework of speech production.

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2L4rXSS
via IFTTT

Bone morphogenetic proteins and inner ear development.

Related Articles

Bone morphogenetic proteins and inner ear development.

J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2018 Aug 04;:

Authors: Ma JY, You D, Li WY, Lu XL, Sun S, Li HW

Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are the largest subfamily of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, and they play important roles in the development of numerous organs, including the inner ear. The inner ear is a relatively small organ but has a highly complex structure and is involved in both hearing and balance. Here, we discuss BMPs and BMP signaling pathways and then focus on the role of BMP signal pathway regulation in the development of the inner ear and the implications this has for the treatment of human hearing loss and balance dysfunction.

PMID: 30112880 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2OIcaLK
via IFTTT

Bone morphogenetic proteins and inner ear development.

Related Articles

Bone morphogenetic proteins and inner ear development.

J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2018 Aug 04;:

Authors: Ma JY, You D, Li WY, Lu XL, Sun S, Li HW

Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are the largest subfamily of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, and they play important roles in the development of numerous organs, including the inner ear. The inner ear is a relatively small organ but has a highly complex structure and is involved in both hearing and balance. Here, we discuss BMPs and BMP signaling pathways and then focus on the role of BMP signal pathway regulation in the development of the inner ear and the implications this has for the treatment of human hearing loss and balance dysfunction.

PMID: 30112880 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2OIcaLK
via IFTTT