Smoking Associated with Hearing Impairment in Infants

​​Exposure to tobacco smoke prenatally and postnatally is associated with hearing impairment in children, according to researchers in Japan (Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2018 Jun 5. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12477. [Epub ahead of print]). They conducted a retrospective study of 50,734 children born between 2004 and 2010 in Kobe City, and measured smoking during pregnancy and exposure to tobacco smoke at 4 months with parent-reported questionnaires. 

The prevalence of hearing impairment at 3 years old was 4.6 percent. Compared with children not exposed to tobacco smoke prenatally and at 4 months, children exposed to only maternal smoking during pregnancy had a 26 percent increased relative risk, those exposed to only second-hand smoke at 4 months had a 30 percent increased relative risk, those exposed to smoking only during pregnancy had a 68 percent increased relative risk, and those exposed to both smoking during pregnancy and second-hand smoke at 4 months had a 2.4-time increased relative risk.
 
Senior author of the study, Koji Kawakami, MD, PhD, a professor at Kyoto University, said this study clearly shows that preventing exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy and postnatally may reduce the risk of hearing problems in children. “The findings remind us of the need to continue strengthening interventions to prevent smoking before and during pregnancy and exposure to second-hand smoke in children,” he said in a press release. 

Published: 6/8/2018 11:05:00 AM

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Smoking Associated with Hearing Impairment in Infants

​​Exposure to tobacco smoke prenatally and postnatally is associated with hearing impairment in children, according to researchers in Japan (Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2018 Jun 5. doi: 10.1111/ppe.12477. [Epub ahead of print]). They conducted a retrospective study of 50,734 children born between 2004 and 2010 in Kobe City, and measured smoking during pregnancy and exposure to tobacco smoke at 4 months with parent-reported questionnaires. 

The prevalence of hearing impairment at 3 years old was 4.6 percent. Compared with children not exposed to tobacco smoke prenatally and at 4 months, children exposed to only maternal smoking during pregnancy had a 26 percent increased relative risk, those exposed to only second-hand smoke at 4 months had a 30 percent increased relative risk, those exposed to smoking only during pregnancy had a 68 percent increased relative risk, and those exposed to both smoking during pregnancy and second-hand smoke at 4 months had a 2.4-time increased relative risk.
 
Senior author of the study, Koji Kawakami, MD, PhD, a professor at Kyoto University, said this study clearly shows that preventing exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy and postnatally may reduce the risk of hearing problems in children. “The findings remind us of the need to continue strengthening interventions to prevent smoking before and during pregnancy and exposure to second-hand smoke in children,” he said in a press release. 

Published: 6/8/2018 11:05:00 AM

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Diagnostic Accuracy of Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials for Superior Canal Dehiscence Syndrome in a Large Cohort of Dizzy Patients

Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs) for superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS) in a large cohort of unselected dizzy patients. Most SCDS patients are dizzy (90%); however, only 30% demonstrate archetypical SCDS clinical proxies (Tullio or Hennebert findings). Several case-control studies have addressed specific SCDS markers using VEMP testing, but the diagnostic value of VEMP for SCDS has not been demonstrated in a target population of dizzy patients. The aim of this study was to confirm the diagnostic properties of oVEMP for SCDS in an unselected cohort of dizzy patients. Design: This diagnostic accuracy study was performed in a tertiary referral center and included a consecutive sample of dizzy patients referred for vestibular function testing. One hundred fifty subjects were collected prospectively; five were excluded due to middle ear disorders, 10 had the target condition (SCDS group), and 135 had an alternative condition (non-SCDS group), based on diagnostic criteria for SCDS used in our department as reference standard. The non-SCDS group was subdivided into diagnostic categories including an “undefined dizziness” group. The index test applied to the total sample (missing data: 1%) consisted of oVEMP recording using three different stimulation modalities, that is, air-conducted (AC) sound stimulation and midsagittal bone-conducted (BC) vibration at both forehead (Fz) and vertex (Cz). Data analysis was conducted on four oVEMP parameters: amplitude, latency, amplitude asymmetry ratio, and interaural latency difference. Between-group analysis was conducted with nonparametric tests. The oVEMP diagnostic accuracy for SCDS was determined with uni/multiparametric receiver operating characteristic analysis. Best cutoff points were computed for those parameters or parameter combinations that showed an accuracy level appropriate for clinical use (area under the curve [AUC] > 0.8). Results: Different oVEMP parameters, in particular, the amplitude to AC stimulation (SCDS: 53, inter quartile range [IQR]: 27.6–68.3 µV; non-SCDS: 4.4, IQR: 2.0–8.1 µV; p

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Diagnostic Accuracy of Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials for Superior Canal Dehiscence Syndrome in a Large Cohort of Dizzy Patients

Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs) for superior canal dehiscence syndrome (SCDS) in a large cohort of unselected dizzy patients. Most SCDS patients are dizzy (90%); however, only 30% demonstrate archetypical SCDS clinical proxies (Tullio or Hennebert findings). Several case-control studies have addressed specific SCDS markers using VEMP testing, but the diagnostic value of VEMP for SCDS has not been demonstrated in a target population of dizzy patients. The aim of this study was to confirm the diagnostic properties of oVEMP for SCDS in an unselected cohort of dizzy patients. Design: This diagnostic accuracy study was performed in a tertiary referral center and included a consecutive sample of dizzy patients referred for vestibular function testing. One hundred fifty subjects were collected prospectively; five were excluded due to middle ear disorders, 10 had the target condition (SCDS group), and 135 had an alternative condition (non-SCDS group), based on diagnostic criteria for SCDS used in our department as reference standard. The non-SCDS group was subdivided into diagnostic categories including an “undefined dizziness” group. The index test applied to the total sample (missing data: 1%) consisted of oVEMP recording using three different stimulation modalities, that is, air-conducted (AC) sound stimulation and midsagittal bone-conducted (BC) vibration at both forehead (Fz) and vertex (Cz). Data analysis was conducted on four oVEMP parameters: amplitude, latency, amplitude asymmetry ratio, and interaural latency difference. Between-group analysis was conducted with nonparametric tests. The oVEMP diagnostic accuracy for SCDS was determined with uni/multiparametric receiver operating characteristic analysis. Best cutoff points were computed for those parameters or parameter combinations that showed an accuracy level appropriate for clinical use (area under the curve [AUC] > 0.8). Results: Different oVEMP parameters, in particular, the amplitude to AC stimulation (SCDS: 53, inter quartile range [IQR]: 27.6–68.3 µV; non-SCDS: 4.4, IQR: 2.0–8.1 µV; p

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