Publication date: February 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 52
Author(s): Jean-Paul Martin, Qingguo Li
A biomechanical energy harvester is a wearable device that generates electricity from human motion. Walking on a treadmill has been used almost exclusively by researchers for studying the energetic effects of biomechanical energy harvesters and wearable robotics. A treadmill provides the advantage of having long duration trials within a stationary motion capture volume. However, no consensus exists on whether the results from treadmill walking accurately represent overground walking. We aim to investigate how a biomechanical energy harvester performs overground compared to on a treadmill by measuring energy expenditure and muscle activity. Participants (n=15) walked both overground and on a treadmill with and without a lower limb-driven biomechanical energy harvester. Energy expenditure was measured using indirect calorimetry and muscle activity was collected with surface electromyograms on seven superficial lower limb muscles. We observed a similar increase in metabolic cost of transport (Δoverground: 0.28±0.24J/kgm, Δtreadmill: 0.30±0.24J/kgm) from normal walking (overground: 2.56±0.33J/kgm, treadmill: 3.39±0.31J/kgm) to harvester walking (overground: 2.83±0.35J/kgm, treadmill: 3.69±0.32J/kgm) in both walking modes (p>0.05). This was accompanied a significant increase in muscle activity of select muscle groups (p<0.05). There was also a significant increase observed during walking on a treadmill compared to overground walking (p<0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that although the metabolic cost of transport and muscle activation for treadmill walking is higher than that of overground, when studying the effects of a biomechanical energy harvester, treadmill will give similar net increases when compared to a controlled walking condition, such as normal walking, on the same walking surface.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2gt2ep9
via IFTTT
Τρίτη 29 Νοεμβρίου 2016
Home-based interventions improve trained, but not novel, dual-task balance performance in older adults: A randomized controlled trial
Publication date: February 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 52
Author(s): Suleeporn Wongcharoen, Somporn Sungkarat, Peeraya Munkhetvit, Vipul Lugade, Patima Silsupadol
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of four different home-based interventions on dual-task balance performance and to determine the generalizability of the four trainings to untrained tasks. Sixty older adults, aged 65 and older, were randomly assigned to one of four home-based interventions: single-task motor training, single-task cognitive training, dual-task motor-cognitive training, and dual-task cognitive–cognitive training. Participants received 60-min individualized training sessions, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Prior to and following the training program, participants were asked to walk under two single-task conditions (i.e. narrow walking and obstacle crossing) and two dual-task conditions (i.e. a trained narrow walking while performing verbal fluency task and an untrained obstacle crossing while counting backward by 3s task). A nine-camera motion capture system was used to collect the trajectories of 32 reflective markers placed on bony landmarks of participants. Three-dimensional kinematics of the whole body center of mass and base of support were computed. Results from the extrapolated center of mass displacement indicated that motor-cognitive training was more effective than the single-task motor training to improve dual-task balance performance (p=0.04, ES=0.11). Interestingly, balance performance under both single-task and dual-task conditions can also be improved through a non-motor, single-task cognitive training program (p=0.01, ES=0.13, and p=0.01, ES=0.11, respectively). However, improved dual-task processing skills during training were not transferred to the novel dual task (p=0.15, ES=0.09). This is the first study demonstrating that home-based dual-task training can be effectively implemented to improve balance performance during gait in older adults.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2fMW2Kk
via IFTTT
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 52
Author(s): Suleeporn Wongcharoen, Somporn Sungkarat, Peeraya Munkhetvit, Vipul Lugade, Patima Silsupadol
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of four different home-based interventions on dual-task balance performance and to determine the generalizability of the four trainings to untrained tasks. Sixty older adults, aged 65 and older, were randomly assigned to one of four home-based interventions: single-task motor training, single-task cognitive training, dual-task motor-cognitive training, and dual-task cognitive–cognitive training. Participants received 60-min individualized training sessions, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Prior to and following the training program, participants were asked to walk under two single-task conditions (i.e. narrow walking and obstacle crossing) and two dual-task conditions (i.e. a trained narrow walking while performing verbal fluency task and an untrained obstacle crossing while counting backward by 3s task). A nine-camera motion capture system was used to collect the trajectories of 32 reflective markers placed on bony landmarks of participants. Three-dimensional kinematics of the whole body center of mass and base of support were computed. Results from the extrapolated center of mass displacement indicated that motor-cognitive training was more effective than the single-task motor training to improve dual-task balance performance (p=0.04, ES=0.11). Interestingly, balance performance under both single-task and dual-task conditions can also be improved through a non-motor, single-task cognitive training program (p=0.01, ES=0.13, and p=0.01, ES=0.11, respectively). However, improved dual-task processing skills during training were not transferred to the novel dual task (p=0.15, ES=0.09). This is the first study demonstrating that home-based dual-task training can be effectively implemented to improve balance performance during gait in older adults.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2fMW2Kk
via IFTTT
Overground vs. treadmill walking on biomechanical energy harvesting: An energetics and EMG study
Publication date: February 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 52
Author(s): Jean-Paul Martin, Qingguo Li
A biomechanical energy harvester is a wearable device that generates electricity from human motion. Walking on a treadmill has been used almost exclusively by researchers for studying the energetic effects of biomechanical energy harvesters and wearable robotics. A treadmill provides the advantage of having long duration trials within a stationary motion capture volume. However, no consensus exists on whether the results from treadmill walking accurately represent overground walking. We aim to investigate how a biomechanical energy harvester performs overground compared to on a treadmill by measuring energy expenditure and muscle activity. Participants (n=15) walked both overground and on a treadmill with and without a lower limb-driven biomechanical energy harvester. Energy expenditure was measured using indirect calorimetry and muscle activity was collected with surface electromyograms on seven superficial lower limb muscles. We observed a similar increase in metabolic cost of transport (Δoverground: 0.28±0.24J/kgm, Δtreadmill: 0.30±0.24J/kgm) from normal walking (overground: 2.56±0.33J/kgm, treadmill: 3.39±0.31J/kgm) to harvester walking (overground: 2.83±0.35J/kgm, treadmill: 3.69±0.32J/kgm) in both walking modes (p>0.05). This was accompanied a significant increase in muscle activity of select muscle groups (p<0.05). There was also a significant increase observed during walking on a treadmill compared to overground walking (p<0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that although the metabolic cost of transport and muscle activation for treadmill walking is higher than that of overground, when studying the effects of a biomechanical energy harvester, treadmill will give similar net increases when compared to a controlled walking condition, such as normal walking, on the same walking surface.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2gt2ep9
via IFTTT
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 52
Author(s): Jean-Paul Martin, Qingguo Li
A biomechanical energy harvester is a wearable device that generates electricity from human motion. Walking on a treadmill has been used almost exclusively by researchers for studying the energetic effects of biomechanical energy harvesters and wearable robotics. A treadmill provides the advantage of having long duration trials within a stationary motion capture volume. However, no consensus exists on whether the results from treadmill walking accurately represent overground walking. We aim to investigate how a biomechanical energy harvester performs overground compared to on a treadmill by measuring energy expenditure and muscle activity. Participants (n=15) walked both overground and on a treadmill with and without a lower limb-driven biomechanical energy harvester. Energy expenditure was measured using indirect calorimetry and muscle activity was collected with surface electromyograms on seven superficial lower limb muscles. We observed a similar increase in metabolic cost of transport (Δoverground: 0.28±0.24J/kgm, Δtreadmill: 0.30±0.24J/kgm) from normal walking (overground: 2.56±0.33J/kgm, treadmill: 3.39±0.31J/kgm) to harvester walking (overground: 2.83±0.35J/kgm, treadmill: 3.69±0.32J/kgm) in both walking modes (p>0.05). This was accompanied a significant increase in muscle activity of select muscle groups (p<0.05). There was also a significant increase observed during walking on a treadmill compared to overground walking (p<0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that although the metabolic cost of transport and muscle activation for treadmill walking is higher than that of overground, when studying the effects of a biomechanical energy harvester, treadmill will give similar net increases when compared to a controlled walking condition, such as normal walking, on the same walking surface.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2gt2ep9
via IFTTT
Home-based interventions improve trained, but not novel, dual-task balance performance in older adults: A randomized controlled trial
Publication date: February 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 52
Author(s): Suleeporn Wongcharoen, Somporn Sungkarat, Peeraya Munkhetvit, Vipul Lugade, Patima Silsupadol
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of four different home-based interventions on dual-task balance performance and to determine the generalizability of the four trainings to untrained tasks. Sixty older adults, aged 65 and older, were randomly assigned to one of four home-based interventions: single-task motor training, single-task cognitive training, dual-task motor-cognitive training, and dual-task cognitive–cognitive training. Participants received 60-min individualized training sessions, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Prior to and following the training program, participants were asked to walk under two single-task conditions (i.e. narrow walking and obstacle crossing) and two dual-task conditions (i.e. a trained narrow walking while performing verbal fluency task and an untrained obstacle crossing while counting backward by 3s task). A nine-camera motion capture system was used to collect the trajectories of 32 reflective markers placed on bony landmarks of participants. Three-dimensional kinematics of the whole body center of mass and base of support were computed. Results from the extrapolated center of mass displacement indicated that motor-cognitive training was more effective than the single-task motor training to improve dual-task balance performance (p=0.04, ES=0.11). Interestingly, balance performance under both single-task and dual-task conditions can also be improved through a non-motor, single-task cognitive training program (p=0.01, ES=0.13, and p=0.01, ES=0.11, respectively). However, improved dual-task processing skills during training were not transferred to the novel dual task (p=0.15, ES=0.09). This is the first study demonstrating that home-based dual-task training can be effectively implemented to improve balance performance during gait in older adults.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2fMW2Kk
via IFTTT
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 52
Author(s): Suleeporn Wongcharoen, Somporn Sungkarat, Peeraya Munkhetvit, Vipul Lugade, Patima Silsupadol
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of four different home-based interventions on dual-task balance performance and to determine the generalizability of the four trainings to untrained tasks. Sixty older adults, aged 65 and older, were randomly assigned to one of four home-based interventions: single-task motor training, single-task cognitive training, dual-task motor-cognitive training, and dual-task cognitive–cognitive training. Participants received 60-min individualized training sessions, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Prior to and following the training program, participants were asked to walk under two single-task conditions (i.e. narrow walking and obstacle crossing) and two dual-task conditions (i.e. a trained narrow walking while performing verbal fluency task and an untrained obstacle crossing while counting backward by 3s task). A nine-camera motion capture system was used to collect the trajectories of 32 reflective markers placed on bony landmarks of participants. Three-dimensional kinematics of the whole body center of mass and base of support were computed. Results from the extrapolated center of mass displacement indicated that motor-cognitive training was more effective than the single-task motor training to improve dual-task balance performance (p=0.04, ES=0.11). Interestingly, balance performance under both single-task and dual-task conditions can also be improved through a non-motor, single-task cognitive training program (p=0.01, ES=0.13, and p=0.01, ES=0.11, respectively). However, improved dual-task processing skills during training were not transferred to the novel dual task (p=0.15, ES=0.09). This is the first study demonstrating that home-based dual-task training can be effectively implemented to improve balance performance during gait in older adults.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2fMW2Kk
via IFTTT
Overground vs. treadmill walking on biomechanical energy harvesting: An energetics and EMG study
Publication date: February 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 52
Author(s): Jean-Paul Martin, Qingguo Li
A biomechanical energy harvester is a wearable device that generates electricity from human motion. Walking on a treadmill has been used almost exclusively by researchers for studying the energetic effects of biomechanical energy harvesters and wearable robotics. A treadmill provides the advantage of having long duration trials within a stationary motion capture volume. However, no consensus exists on whether the results from treadmill walking accurately represent overground walking. We aim to investigate how a biomechanical energy harvester performs overground compared to on a treadmill by measuring energy expenditure and muscle activity. Participants (n=15) walked both overground and on a treadmill with and without a lower limb-driven biomechanical energy harvester. Energy expenditure was measured using indirect calorimetry and muscle activity was collected with surface electromyograms on seven superficial lower limb muscles. We observed a similar increase in metabolic cost of transport (Δoverground: 0.28±0.24J/kgm, Δtreadmill: 0.30±0.24J/kgm) from normal walking (overground: 2.56±0.33J/kgm, treadmill: 3.39±0.31J/kgm) to harvester walking (overground: 2.83±0.35J/kgm, treadmill: 3.69±0.32J/kgm) in both walking modes (p>0.05). This was accompanied a significant increase in muscle activity of select muscle groups (p<0.05). There was also a significant increase observed during walking on a treadmill compared to overground walking (p<0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that although the metabolic cost of transport and muscle activation for treadmill walking is higher than that of overground, when studying the effects of a biomechanical energy harvester, treadmill will give similar net increases when compared to a controlled walking condition, such as normal walking, on the same walking surface.
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2gt2ep9
via IFTTT
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 52
Author(s): Jean-Paul Martin, Qingguo Li
A biomechanical energy harvester is a wearable device that generates electricity from human motion. Walking on a treadmill has been used almost exclusively by researchers for studying the energetic effects of biomechanical energy harvesters and wearable robotics. A treadmill provides the advantage of having long duration trials within a stationary motion capture volume. However, no consensus exists on whether the results from treadmill walking accurately represent overground walking. We aim to investigate how a biomechanical energy harvester performs overground compared to on a treadmill by measuring energy expenditure and muscle activity. Participants (n=15) walked both overground and on a treadmill with and without a lower limb-driven biomechanical energy harvester. Energy expenditure was measured using indirect calorimetry and muscle activity was collected with surface electromyograms on seven superficial lower limb muscles. We observed a similar increase in metabolic cost of transport (Δoverground: 0.28±0.24J/kgm, Δtreadmill: 0.30±0.24J/kgm) from normal walking (overground: 2.56±0.33J/kgm, treadmill: 3.39±0.31J/kgm) to harvester walking (overground: 2.83±0.35J/kgm, treadmill: 3.69±0.32J/kgm) in both walking modes (p>0.05). This was accompanied a significant increase in muscle activity of select muscle groups (p<0.05). There was also a significant increase observed during walking on a treadmill compared to overground walking (p<0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that although the metabolic cost of transport and muscle activation for treadmill walking is higher than that of overground, when studying the effects of a biomechanical energy harvester, treadmill will give similar net increases when compared to a controlled walking condition, such as normal walking, on the same walking surface.
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2gt2ep9
via IFTTT
Home-based interventions improve trained, but not novel, dual-task balance performance in older adults: A randomized controlled trial
Publication date: February 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 52
Author(s): Suleeporn Wongcharoen, Somporn Sungkarat, Peeraya Munkhetvit, Vipul Lugade, Patima Silsupadol
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of four different home-based interventions on dual-task balance performance and to determine the generalizability of the four trainings to untrained tasks. Sixty older adults, aged 65 and older, were randomly assigned to one of four home-based interventions: single-task motor training, single-task cognitive training, dual-task motor-cognitive training, and dual-task cognitive–cognitive training. Participants received 60-min individualized training sessions, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Prior to and following the training program, participants were asked to walk under two single-task conditions (i.e. narrow walking and obstacle crossing) and two dual-task conditions (i.e. a trained narrow walking while performing verbal fluency task and an untrained obstacle crossing while counting backward by 3s task). A nine-camera motion capture system was used to collect the trajectories of 32 reflective markers placed on bony landmarks of participants. Three-dimensional kinematics of the whole body center of mass and base of support were computed. Results from the extrapolated center of mass displacement indicated that motor-cognitive training was more effective than the single-task motor training to improve dual-task balance performance (p=0.04, ES=0.11). Interestingly, balance performance under both single-task and dual-task conditions can also be improved through a non-motor, single-task cognitive training program (p=0.01, ES=0.13, and p=0.01, ES=0.11, respectively). However, improved dual-task processing skills during training were not transferred to the novel dual task (p=0.15, ES=0.09). This is the first study demonstrating that home-based dual-task training can be effectively implemented to improve balance performance during gait in older adults.
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2fMW2Kk
via IFTTT
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 52
Author(s): Suleeporn Wongcharoen, Somporn Sungkarat, Peeraya Munkhetvit, Vipul Lugade, Patima Silsupadol
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of four different home-based interventions on dual-task balance performance and to determine the generalizability of the four trainings to untrained tasks. Sixty older adults, aged 65 and older, were randomly assigned to one of four home-based interventions: single-task motor training, single-task cognitive training, dual-task motor-cognitive training, and dual-task cognitive–cognitive training. Participants received 60-min individualized training sessions, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Prior to and following the training program, participants were asked to walk under two single-task conditions (i.e. narrow walking and obstacle crossing) and two dual-task conditions (i.e. a trained narrow walking while performing verbal fluency task and an untrained obstacle crossing while counting backward by 3s task). A nine-camera motion capture system was used to collect the trajectories of 32 reflective markers placed on bony landmarks of participants. Three-dimensional kinematics of the whole body center of mass and base of support were computed. Results from the extrapolated center of mass displacement indicated that motor-cognitive training was more effective than the single-task motor training to improve dual-task balance performance (p=0.04, ES=0.11). Interestingly, balance performance under both single-task and dual-task conditions can also be improved through a non-motor, single-task cognitive training program (p=0.01, ES=0.13, and p=0.01, ES=0.11, respectively). However, improved dual-task processing skills during training were not transferred to the novel dual task (p=0.15, ES=0.09). This is the first study demonstrating that home-based dual-task training can be effectively implemented to improve balance performance during gait in older adults.
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2fMW2Kk
via IFTTT
Products based on olive oil, betaine, and xylitol in the post-radiotherapy xerostomia
Alexandros Sfakianakis
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182
6948891480
A Cure for Congenital Hearing Loss
Kazusaku Kamiya, MD, PhD, and his colleagues replicated cochlear cells that could potentially be used to replace faulty ones in patients with hearing loss caused by mutation of the Gap Junction Beta 2 (GJB2) gene (Stem Cell Reports. 2016). The researchers from Jutendo University in Tokyo, Japan, produced induced pluripotent stem cells aimed at correcting this inherited condition, which causes disruption of gap junction plaques in the cochlea and leads to profound sensorineural hearing loss. They demonstrated in a mouse model that the stem-cell-derived gap junction cells were functional for forming gap junction intercellular communication networks and transient ion species typical of the developing cochlea. The authors of the study hoped the in vitrol models could be used to develop inner-ear therapies and drug screening that target GJB2-related hearing loss.
Figure. Schematic of In Vitro iPSC Differentiation into Functional iCx26GJCs and Disease Model Cells for GJB2-Related Hearing Loss
Approximately one in 1,000 children has severe hearing loss at birth or during early childhood, with about half of the cases attributable to genetic causes. Mutation of the GJB2 gene is the most common cause of hereditary hearing loss worldwide and accounts for up to 50 percent of non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss cases in some populations.
Published: 11/28/2016 11:34:00 AM
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2fLvdq1
via IFTTT
A Cure for Congenital Hearing Loss
Kazusaku Kamiya, MD, PhD, and his colleagues replicated cochlear cells that could potentially be used to replace faulty ones in patients with hearing loss caused by mutation of the Gap Junction Beta 2 (GJB2) gene (Stem Cell Reports. 2016). The researchers from Jutendo University in Tokyo, Japan, produced induced pluripotent stem cells aimed at correcting this inherited condition, which causes disruption of gap junction plaques in the cochlea and leads to profound sensorineural hearing loss. They demonstrated in a mouse model that the stem-cell-derived gap junction cells were functional for forming gap junction intercellular communication networks and transient ion species typical of the developing cochlea. The authors of the study hoped the in vitrol models could be used to develop inner-ear therapies and drug screening that target GJB2-related hearing loss.
Figure. Schematic of In Vitro iPSC Differentiation into Functional iCx26GJCs and Disease Model Cells for GJB2-Related Hearing Loss
Approximately one in 1,000 children has severe hearing loss at birth or during early childhood, with about half of the cases attributable to genetic causes. Mutation of the GJB2 gene is the most common cause of hereditary hearing loss worldwide and accounts for up to 50 percent of non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss cases in some populations.
Published: 11/28/2016 11:34:00 AM
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2fLvdq1
via IFTTT
A Cure for Congenital Hearing Loss
Kazusaku Kamiya, MD, PhD, and his colleagues replicated cochlear cells that could potentially be used to replace faulty ones in patients with hearing loss caused by mutation of the Gap Junction Beta 2 (GJB2) gene (Stem Cell Reports. 2016). The researchers from Jutendo University in Tokyo, Japan, produced induced pluripotent stem cells aimed at correcting this inherited condition, which causes disruption of gap junction plaques in the cochlea and leads to profound sensorineural hearing loss. They demonstrated in a mouse model that the stem-cell-derived gap junction cells were functional for forming gap junction intercellular communication networks and transient ion species typical of the developing cochlea. The authors of the study hoped the in vitrol models could be used to develop inner-ear therapies and drug screening that target GJB2-related hearing loss.
Figure. Schematic of In Vitro iPSC Differentiation into Functional iCx26GJCs and Disease Model Cells for GJB2-Related Hearing Loss
Approximately one in 1,000 children has severe hearing loss at birth or during early childhood, with about half of the cases attributable to genetic causes. Mutation of the GJB2 gene is the most common cause of hereditary hearing loss worldwide and accounts for up to 50 percent of non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss cases in some populations.
Published: 11/28/2016 11:34:00 AM
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2fLvdq1
via IFTTT
Εγγραφή σε:
Αναρτήσεις (Atom)