Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018
Source: Gait & Posture
Author(s): N. Duarte, L. Grecco, R. Lazzari, M. Galli, C. Oliveira
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Τρίτη 10 Ιουλίου 2018
P 082 – Effect of bilateral tDCS on functional balance and the Gait Profile score in a child with hemiparetic spastic cerebral palsy
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P 081 - Required friction curve patterns in a child with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy and true equinus gait
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018
Source: Gait & Posture
Author(s): R. Lazzari, A. Kleiner, J. Lopes, A. Dumont, L. Ferreira, M. Galli, C. Oliveira, L. Sampaio
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P 070 - Investigation of Bilateral Coordination in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018
Source: Gait & Posture
Author(s): A. Demircioglu, G. Balci, F. Ipek, T. Cak Esen, S. Atasavun Uysal
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P 083 - Correlation between Oxford Foot Model kinematics and plantar pressure during voluntary varus/valgus gait in healthy children
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018
Source: Gait & Posture
Author(s): M. Piening, W. Schallig, M.M. van der Krogt
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The effect of walking speed on quality of gait in older adults
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018
Source: Gait & Posture
Author(s): B. Huijben, K.S. van Schooten, J.H. van Dieën, M. Pijnappels
Abstract
Background
Gait quality characteristics can contribute to the identification of individuals at risk of falls. Since older adults with high fall risk tend to walk slower than older adults with a lower fall risk, walking speed may underlie differences in gait quality characteristics.
Research question
How does walking speed affect gait quality characteristics in older people?
Methods
We investigated the effect of walking speed on gait characteristics in 11 older adults (aged 69.6 ± 4.1 years). Trunk accelerations (Dynaport MoveMonitor) were recorded during 5 minutes of treadmill walking at four different speeds. From these trunk accelerations we calculated step frequency, root mean square, harmonic ratio, index of harmonicity, sample entropy and logarithmic divergence rate per stride.
Results
Our results showed that all gait characteristics were affected by walking speed, except for sample entropy in antero-posterior (AP) direction. An increase in walking speed resulted in a higher step frequency, higher standard deviation, more symmetric gait, more smooth vertical (VT) accelerations, less smooth accelerations in medio-lateral (ML) and AP directions, less regular dynamics in ML direction, more regular dynamics in VT direction, and a more stable gait pattern overall.
Significance
These findings suggest that, within a range of 0.5-1.4 m/s, a lower walking speed results in a lower gait quality, which may underlie differences in gait quality between older fallers and non-fallers.
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P 082 – Effect of bilateral tDCS on functional balance and the Gait Profile score in a child with hemiparetic spastic cerebral palsy
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018
Source: Gait & Posture
Author(s): N. Duarte, L. Grecco, R. Lazzari, M. Galli, C. Oliveira
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P 081 - Required friction curve patterns in a child with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy and true equinus gait
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018
Source: Gait & Posture
Author(s): R. Lazzari, A. Kleiner, J. Lopes, A. Dumont, L. Ferreira, M. Galli, C. Oliveira, L. Sampaio
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P 070 - Investigation of Bilateral Coordination in children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018
Source: Gait & Posture
Author(s): A. Demircioglu, G. Balci, F. Ipek, T. Cak Esen, S. Atasavun Uysal
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P 083 - Correlation between Oxford Foot Model kinematics and plantar pressure during voluntary varus/valgus gait in healthy children
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018
Source: Gait & Posture
Author(s): M. Piening, W. Schallig, M.M. van der Krogt
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The effect of walking speed on quality of gait in older adults
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018
Source: Gait & Posture
Author(s): B. Huijben, K.S. van Schooten, J.H. van Dieën, M. Pijnappels
Abstract
Background
Gait quality characteristics can contribute to the identification of individuals at risk of falls. Since older adults with high fall risk tend to walk slower than older adults with a lower fall risk, walking speed may underlie differences in gait quality characteristics.
Research question
How does walking speed affect gait quality characteristics in older people?
Methods
We investigated the effect of walking speed on gait characteristics in 11 older adults (aged 69.6 ± 4.1 years). Trunk accelerations (Dynaport MoveMonitor) were recorded during 5 minutes of treadmill walking at four different speeds. From these trunk accelerations we calculated step frequency, root mean square, harmonic ratio, index of harmonicity, sample entropy and logarithmic divergence rate per stride.
Results
Our results showed that all gait characteristics were affected by walking speed, except for sample entropy in antero-posterior (AP) direction. An increase in walking speed resulted in a higher step frequency, higher standard deviation, more symmetric gait, more smooth vertical (VT) accelerations, less smooth accelerations in medio-lateral (ML) and AP directions, less regular dynamics in ML direction, more regular dynamics in VT direction, and a more stable gait pattern overall.
Significance
These findings suggest that, within a range of 0.5-1.4 m/s, a lower walking speed results in a lower gait quality, which may underlie differences in gait quality between older fallers and non-fallers.
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Neuroanatomical characterization of perineuronal net components in the human cochlear nucleus and superior olivary complex
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018
Source: Hearing Research
Author(s): Luise Weinrich, Mandy Sonntag, Thomas Arendt, Markus Morawski
Abstract
The human auditory brainstem, especially the cochlear nucleus (CN) and the superior olivary complex (SOC) are characterized by a high density of neurons associated with perineuronal nets (PNs). PNs build a specific form of extracellular matrix surrounding the neuronal somata, proximal dendrites and axon initial segments. They restrict synaptic plasticity and control high-frequency synaptic activity, a prominent characteristic of neurons of the auditory brainstem. The distribution of PNs within the auditory brainstem has been investigated in a number of mammalian species. However, much less is known regarding PNs in the human auditory brainstem. The present study aimed at the immunohistochemical identification of PNs in the cochlear nucleus (CN) and superior olivary complex (SOC) in the human brainstem. We focused on the complex nature and molecular variability of PNs in the CN and SOC by using specific antibodies against the main PN components (aggrecan, brevican, neurocan and hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1). Virtually all subnuclei within the ventral CN and SOC were found to be associated with PNs. Direct comparison between gerbil and human yielded similar fine structure of PNs and confirmed the typical tight interdigitation of PNs with synaptic terminals in both species. Noticeably, an elaborate combination of immunohistochemical labelings clearly supports the still debated existence of the medial nucleus of trapezoid body (MNTB) in the human brain. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that PNs form a prominent extracellular structure on CN and SOC neurons in the human brain, potentially stabilizing synaptic contacts, which is in agreement with many other mammalian species.
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Neuroanatomical characterization of perineuronal net components in the human cochlear nucleus and superior olivary complex
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018
Source: Hearing Research
Author(s): Luise Weinrich, Mandy Sonntag, Thomas Arendt, Markus Morawski
Abstract
The human auditory brainstem, especially the cochlear nucleus (CN) and the superior olivary complex (SOC) are characterized by a high density of neurons associated with perineuronal nets (PNs). PNs build a specific form of extracellular matrix surrounding the neuronal somata, proximal dendrites and axon initial segments. They restrict synaptic plasticity and control high-frequency synaptic activity, a prominent characteristic of neurons of the auditory brainstem. The distribution of PNs within the auditory brainstem has been investigated in a number of mammalian species. However, much less is known regarding PNs in the human auditory brainstem. The present study aimed at the immunohistochemical identification of PNs in the cochlear nucleus (CN) and superior olivary complex (SOC) in the human brainstem. We focused on the complex nature and molecular variability of PNs in the CN and SOC by using specific antibodies against the main PN components (aggrecan, brevican, neurocan and hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1). Virtually all subnuclei within the ventral CN and SOC were found to be associated with PNs. Direct comparison between gerbil and human yielded similar fine structure of PNs and confirmed the typical tight interdigitation of PNs with synaptic terminals in both species. Noticeably, an elaborate combination of immunohistochemical labelings clearly supports the still debated existence of the medial nucleus of trapezoid body (MNTB) in the human brain. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that PNs form a prominent extracellular structure on CN and SOC neurons in the human brain, potentially stabilizing synaptic contacts, which is in agreement with many other mammalian species.
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Neuroanatomical characterization of perineuronal net components in the human cochlear nucleus and superior olivary complex
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018
Source: Hearing Research
Author(s): Luise Weinrich, Mandy Sonntag, Thomas Arendt, Markus Morawski
Abstract
The human auditory brainstem, especially the cochlear nucleus (CN) and the superior olivary complex (SOC) are characterized by a high density of neurons associated with perineuronal nets (PNs). PNs build a specific form of extracellular matrix surrounding the neuronal somata, proximal dendrites and axon initial segments. They restrict synaptic plasticity and control high-frequency synaptic activity, a prominent characteristic of neurons of the auditory brainstem. The distribution of PNs within the auditory brainstem has been investigated in a number of mammalian species. However, much less is known regarding PNs in the human auditory brainstem. The present study aimed at the immunohistochemical identification of PNs in the cochlear nucleus (CN) and superior olivary complex (SOC) in the human brainstem. We focused on the complex nature and molecular variability of PNs in the CN and SOC by using specific antibodies against the main PN components (aggrecan, brevican, neurocan and hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1). Virtually all subnuclei within the ventral CN and SOC were found to be associated with PNs. Direct comparison between gerbil and human yielded similar fine structure of PNs and confirmed the typical tight interdigitation of PNs with synaptic terminals in both species. Noticeably, an elaborate combination of immunohistochemical labelings clearly supports the still debated existence of the medial nucleus of trapezoid body (MNTB) in the human brain. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that PNs form a prominent extracellular structure on CN and SOC neurons in the human brain, potentially stabilizing synaptic contacts, which is in agreement with many other mammalian species.
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Neuroanatomical characterization of perineuronal net components in the human cochlear nucleus and superior olivary complex
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018
Source: Hearing Research
Author(s): Luise Weinrich, Mandy Sonntag, Thomas Arendt, Markus Morawski
Abstract
The human auditory brainstem, especially the cochlear nucleus (CN) and the superior olivary complex (SOC) are characterized by a high density of neurons associated with perineuronal nets (PNs). PNs build a specific form of extracellular matrix surrounding the neuronal somata, proximal dendrites and axon initial segments. They restrict synaptic plasticity and control high-frequency synaptic activity, a prominent characteristic of neurons of the auditory brainstem. The distribution of PNs within the auditory brainstem has been investigated in a number of mammalian species. However, much less is known regarding PNs in the human auditory brainstem. The present study aimed at the immunohistochemical identification of PNs in the cochlear nucleus (CN) and superior olivary complex (SOC) in the human brainstem. We focused on the complex nature and molecular variability of PNs in the CN and SOC by using specific antibodies against the main PN components (aggrecan, brevican, neurocan and hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1). Virtually all subnuclei within the ventral CN and SOC were found to be associated with PNs. Direct comparison between gerbil and human yielded similar fine structure of PNs and confirmed the typical tight interdigitation of PNs with synaptic terminals in both species. Noticeably, an elaborate combination of immunohistochemical labelings clearly supports the still debated existence of the medial nucleus of trapezoid body (MNTB) in the human brain. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that PNs form a prominent extracellular structure on CN and SOC neurons in the human brain, potentially stabilizing synaptic contacts, which is in agreement with many other mammalian species.
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Vertigo Associated with Worse Outcomes in Hearing Recovery of SSHL
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) accompanied by vertigo may portend a negative prognosis in hearing recovery, a new study found. (JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2018.0648.) Researchers from Fudan University in Shanghai reviewed 10 original research studies and retrospective or prospective studies on the role of vertigo in the prognosis for hearing outcome of SSHL. Their analysis included 4,814 unique patients, with 1,709 in the SSHL group with vertigo and 3,105 were in the SSHL group without vertigo. Data extracted from these studies included research type, number of participants with or without vertigo, treatment regime, definition of pure-tone average, criteria for hearing improvement, and length of follow-up.
The researchers found that vertigo was significantly associated with worse hearing recovery: The recovery rate of hearing was 42.1 percent in the group with vertigo, compared with 60.3 percent in the group without vertigo. No association of vertigo with the prognosis of SSHL was observed, however, within a subgroup receiving intratympanic corticosteroids. The researchers concluded that corticosteroid injection may be more effective for treatment of SSHL accompanied by vertigo and that future studies are needed to determine whether treatment of vertigo might contribute to the recovery of SSHL.
Published: 7/8/2018 5:18:00 PM
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Vertigo Associated with Worse Outcomes in Hearing Recovery of SSHL
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) accompanied by vertigo may portend a negative prognosis in hearing recovery, a new study found. (JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2018.0648.) Researchers from Fudan University in Shanghai reviewed 10 original research studies and retrospective or prospective studies on the role of vertigo in the prognosis for hearing outcome of SSHL. Their analysis included 4,814 unique patients, with 1,709 in the SSHL group with vertigo and 3,105 were in the SSHL group without vertigo. Data extracted from these studies included research type, number of participants with or without vertigo, treatment regime, definition of pure-tone average, criteria for hearing improvement, and length of follow-up.
The researchers found that vertigo was significantly associated with worse hearing recovery: The recovery rate of hearing was 42.1 percent in the group with vertigo, compared with 60.3 percent in the group without vertigo. No association of vertigo with the prognosis of SSHL was observed, however, within a subgroup receiving intratympanic corticosteroids. The researchers concluded that corticosteroid injection may be more effective for treatment of SSHL accompanied by vertigo and that future studies are needed to determine whether treatment of vertigo might contribute to the recovery of SSHL.
Published: 7/8/2018 5:18:00 PM
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Self-Esteem, Self-Efficacy, and Social Support as Predictors of Communicative Participation in Adults Who Stutter
Purpose
This study aimed to identify contributors to communicative participation in adults who stutter. Specifically, it was of interest to determine whether psychosocial variables of self-esteem, self-efficacy, and social support were predictive of communicative participation beyond contributions of demographic and speech-related variables.
Method
Adults who stutter (N = 339) completed an online survey that included measures of communicative participation, self-esteem, self-efficacy, social support, self-reported speech-related variables (speech usage, number of years stuttering, history of treatment and self-help support group participation for stuttering, and physical speech disruption severity), and demographics (age, sex, living situation, education, and employment status). Hierarchical regression was performed for prediction of communicative participation, in addition to calculating Spearman correlations between social roles variables, communicative participation, and physical speech disruption severity.
Results
After controlling for demographic and speech-related variables, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and social support each significantly predicted communicative participation in adults who stutter. Large correlations were observed between communicative participation and measures of social roles, whereas medium correlations were observed between physical speech disruption severity and measures of social roles.
Conclusions
Communicative participation in adults who stutter is associated with a variety of demographic, speech-related, and psychosocial variables. Speech-language pathologists should be aware of predictors of communicative participation such as self-esteem, self-efficacy, and social support, in addition to severity of physical speech disruptions. They should consider and evaluate these factors in clients who stutter and target them in treatment if necessary.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2NFPfRx
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Victimization, Bullying, and Emotional Competence: Longitudinal Associations in (Pre)Adolescents With and Without Developmental Language Disorder
Purpose
Victimization is a common problem for many children but is exacerbated for children with a developmental language disorder (DLD). However, the severity of communication problems does not explain their victimization rates. In children without DLD, difficulties with emotional competence are a risk factor for victimization and also increase the risk of bullying. In this longitudinal study, we examined the extent to which the level and development of emotional competence (understanding of one's own emotions and levels of anger, sadness, and fear) contributed to the prediction of victimization and bullying in children with and without DLD, over and above the type and severity of communication problems of children with DLD.
Method
Clinically referred youngsters (8–16 years old) with (n = 112; 48% girls, 52% boys) and without (n = 233; 58% girls, 42% boys) DLD completed self-reports 3 times over an 18-month period. Parents of children with DLD reported on their children's communication problems.
Results
Participants with DLD reported more victimization but comparable levels of bullying behavior compared with peers without DLD. Higher levels of sadness and fear were risk factors for more victimization in both groups. Better understanding of one's own emotions had a larger effect on less victimization in children with DLD, independent of their communication problems. In addition, increased levels of anger and lower levels of understanding of one's own emotions explained more bullying in both groups.
Conclusion
Outcomes indicate that secondary difficulties in emotional competence in children with DLD make these children more vulnerable to victimization and warrant specific support and interventions.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2L4APsi
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Self-Esteem, Self-Efficacy, and Social Support as Predictors of Communicative Participation in Adults Who Stutter
Purpose
This study aimed to identify contributors to communicative participation in adults who stutter. Specifically, it was of interest to determine whether psychosocial variables of self-esteem, self-efficacy, and social support were predictive of communicative participation beyond contributions of demographic and speech-related variables.
Method
Adults who stutter (N = 339) completed an online survey that included measures of communicative participation, self-esteem, self-efficacy, social support, self-reported speech-related variables (speech usage, number of years stuttering, history of treatment and self-help support group participation for stuttering, and physical speech disruption severity), and demographics (age, sex, living situation, education, and employment status). Hierarchical regression was performed for prediction of communicative participation, in addition to calculating Spearman correlations between social roles variables, communicative participation, and physical speech disruption severity.
Results
After controlling for demographic and speech-related variables, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and social support each significantly predicted communicative participation in adults who stutter. Large correlations were observed between communicative participation and measures of social roles, whereas medium correlations were observed between physical speech disruption severity and measures of social roles.
Conclusions
Communicative participation in adults who stutter is associated with a variety of demographic, speech-related, and psychosocial variables. Speech-language pathologists should be aware of predictors of communicative participation such as self-esteem, self-efficacy, and social support, in addition to severity of physical speech disruptions. They should consider and evaluate these factors in clients who stutter and target them in treatment if necessary.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2NFPfRx
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Victimization, Bullying, and Emotional Competence: Longitudinal Associations in (Pre)Adolescents With and Without Developmental Language Disorder
Purpose
Victimization is a common problem for many children but is exacerbated for children with a developmental language disorder (DLD). However, the severity of communication problems does not explain their victimization rates. In children without DLD, difficulties with emotional competence are a risk factor for victimization and also increase the risk of bullying. In this longitudinal study, we examined the extent to which the level and development of emotional competence (understanding of one's own emotions and levels of anger, sadness, and fear) contributed to the prediction of victimization and bullying in children with and without DLD, over and above the type and severity of communication problems of children with DLD.
Method
Clinically referred youngsters (8–16 years old) with (n = 112; 48% girls, 52% boys) and without (n = 233; 58% girls, 42% boys) DLD completed self-reports 3 times over an 18-month period. Parents of children with DLD reported on their children's communication problems.
Results
Participants with DLD reported more victimization but comparable levels of bullying behavior compared with peers without DLD. Higher levels of sadness and fear were risk factors for more victimization in both groups. Better understanding of one's own emotions had a larger effect on less victimization in children with DLD, independent of their communication problems. In addition, increased levels of anger and lower levels of understanding of one's own emotions explained more bullying in both groups.
Conclusion
Outcomes indicate that secondary difficulties in emotional competence in children with DLD make these children more vulnerable to victimization and warrant specific support and interventions.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2L4APsi
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The effect of transverse prosthetic alignment changes on socket reaction moments during gait in individuals with transtibial amputation
Publication date: September 2018
Source: Gait & Posture, Volume 65
Author(s): Hiroshi Hashimoto, Toshiki Kobayashi, Fan Gao, Masataka Kataoka, Michael S. Orendurff, Kuniharu Okuda
Abstract
Background
Alignment affects gait of individuals with transtibial prostheses. Sagittal and coronal alignment changes of the transtibial prostheses were demonstrated to affect socket reaction moments. However, the effects of transverse alignment changes on the socket reaction moments are not known.
Research question
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of transverse alignment changes on the socket reaction moments and temporal-spatial parameters of gait in transtibial prostheses.
Methods
The effects of transverse prosthetic alignment changes (i.e. 10° and 5° of internal and external rotations: toe-in and toe-out of the foot relative to the socket from a baseline alignment) on the sagittal and coronal socket reaction moments and temporal-spatial parameters (gait speed, cadence and step width) while walking in 9 individuals with transtibial amputation were investigated using an instrumented prosthetic pyramid adaptor and a three-dimentional (3D) motion capture system.
Results
The transverse alignment changes demonstrated significant effects on the socket reaction moments in the coronal plane at 5% (P = 0.04), 20% (P = 0.04) and 75% (P = 0.0001) of stance phase. No significant effects were found in the socket reaction moments in the sagittal plane and the temporal-spatial parameters. The internal and external rotations of the prosthetic feet may have opposite effect in early and mid- to late-stance potentially due to changes in the spatial position of the heel (rearfoot) and toe (forefoot) of the prosthetic foot relative to the socket.
Significance
Transverse alignment of the transtibial prostheses should be tuned not only considering the symmetry in toe-out angles of the feet, but also considering the potential effects of transverse alignment changes that may affect the coronal socket reaction moments.
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The effect of transverse prosthetic alignment changes on socket reaction moments during gait in individuals with transtibial amputation
Publication date: September 2018
Source: Gait & Posture, Volume 65
Author(s): Hiroshi Hashimoto, Toshiki Kobayashi, Fan Gao, Masataka Kataoka, Michael S. Orendurff, Kuniharu Okuda
Abstract
Background
Alignment affects gait of individuals with transtibial prostheses. Sagittal and coronal alignment changes of the transtibial prostheses were demonstrated to affect socket reaction moments. However, the effects of transverse alignment changes on the socket reaction moments are not known.
Research question
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of transverse alignment changes on the socket reaction moments and temporal-spatial parameters of gait in transtibial prostheses.
Methods
The effects of transverse prosthetic alignment changes (i.e. 10° and 5° of internal and external rotations: toe-in and toe-out of the foot relative to the socket from a baseline alignment) on the sagittal and coronal socket reaction moments and temporal-spatial parameters (gait speed, cadence and step width) while walking in 9 individuals with transtibial amputation were investigated using an instrumented prosthetic pyramid adaptor and a three-dimentional (3D) motion capture system.
Results
The transverse alignment changes demonstrated significant effects on the socket reaction moments in the coronal plane at 5% (P = 0.04), 20% (P = 0.04) and 75% (P = 0.0001) of stance phase. No significant effects were found in the socket reaction moments in the sagittal plane and the temporal-spatial parameters. The internal and external rotations of the prosthetic feet may have opposite effect in early and mid- to late-stance potentially due to changes in the spatial position of the heel (rearfoot) and toe (forefoot) of the prosthetic foot relative to the socket.
Significance
Transverse alignment of the transtibial prostheses should be tuned not only considering the symmetry in toe-out angles of the feet, but also considering the potential effects of transverse alignment changes that may affect the coronal socket reaction moments.
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Severe streptomycin ototoxicity in the mouse utricle leads to a flat epithelium but the peripheral neural degeneration is delayed.
 |
Related Articles |
Severe streptomycin ototoxicity in the mouse utricle leads to a flat epithelium but the peripheral neural degeneration is delayed.
Hear Res. 2017 Nov;355:33-41
Authors: Wang GP, Basu I, Beyer LA, Wong HT, Swiderski DL, Gong SS, Raphael Y
Abstract
The damaged vestibular sensory epithelium of mammals has a limited capacity for spontaneous hair cell regeneration, which largely depends on the transdifferentiation of surviving supporting cells. Little is known about the response of vestibular supporting cells to a severe insult. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of a severe ototoxic insult on the histology of utricular supporting cells and the changes in innervation that ensued. We infused a high dose of streptomycin into the mouse posterior semicircular canal to induce a severe lesion in the utricle. Both scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy of plastic sections showed replacement of the normal cytoarchitecture of the epithelial layer with a flat layer of cells in most of the samples. Immunofluorescence staining showed numerous cells in the severely damaged epithelial layer that were negative for hair cell and supporting cell markers. Nerve fibers under the flat epithelium had high density at the 1 month time point but very low density by 3 months. Similarly, the number of vestibular ganglion neurons was unchanged at 1 month after the lesion, but was significantly lower at 3 months. We therefore determined that the mouse utricular epithelium turns into a flat epithelium after a severe lesion, but the degeneration of neural components is slow, suggesting that treatments to restore balance by hair cell regeneration, stem cell therapy or vestibular prosthesis implantation will likely benefit from the short term preservation of the neural substrate.
PMID: 28931463 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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P 069 - Effects of heel lifts on postural alignment in children with the motor development problem
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018
Source: Gait & Posture
Author(s): O. Askar, E. Timurtas, I. Demirbuken
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P 071 - Does Tibialis anterior activity improve or recover following lengthening of Achilles Tendon in CP?
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018
Source: Gait & Posture
Author(s): C.U. Dussa, L. Doederlein, H. Böhm
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P 087 – The effects of group training on balance and gait in a child with polyneuropathy
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018
Source: Gait & Posture
Author(s): S. Üneş, M. Tunçdemir, K. Seyhan, O. Çankaya, M.K. Günel
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Severe streptomycin ototoxicity in the mouse utricle leads to a flat epithelium but the peripheral neural degeneration is delayed.
|
Related Articles |
Severe streptomycin ototoxicity in the mouse utricle leads to a flat epithelium but the peripheral neural degeneration is delayed.
Hear Res. 2017 Nov;355:33-41
Authors: Wang GP, Basu I, Beyer LA, Wong HT, Swiderski DL, Gong SS, Raphael Y
Abstract
The damaged vestibular sensory epithelium of mammals has a limited capacity for spontaneous hair cell regeneration, which largely depends on the transdifferentiation of surviving supporting cells. Little is known about the response of vestibular supporting cells to a severe insult. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of a severe ototoxic insult on the histology of utricular supporting cells and the changes in innervation that ensued. We infused a high dose of streptomycin into the mouse posterior semicircular canal to induce a severe lesion in the utricle. Both scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy of plastic sections showed replacement of the normal cytoarchitecture of the epithelial layer with a flat layer of cells in most of the samples. Immunofluorescence staining showed numerous cells in the severely damaged epithelial layer that were negative for hair cell and supporting cell markers. Nerve fibers under the flat epithelium had high density at the 1 month time point but very low density by 3 months. Similarly, the number of vestibular ganglion neurons was unchanged at 1 month after the lesion, but was significantly lower at 3 months. We therefore determined that the mouse utricular epithelium turns into a flat epithelium after a severe lesion, but the degeneration of neural components is slow, suggesting that treatments to restore balance by hair cell regeneration, stem cell therapy or vestibular prosthesis implantation will likely benefit from the short term preservation of the neural substrate.
PMID: 28931463 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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P 069 - Effects of heel lifts on postural alignment in children with the motor development problem
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018
Source: Gait & Posture
Author(s): O. Askar, E. Timurtas, I. Demirbuken
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P 071 - Does Tibialis anterior activity improve or recover following lengthening of Achilles Tendon in CP?
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018
Source: Gait & Posture
Author(s): C.U. Dussa, L. Doederlein, H. Böhm
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P 087 – The effects of group training on balance and gait in a child with polyneuropathy
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018
Source: Gait & Posture
Author(s): S. Üneş, M. Tunçdemir, K. Seyhan, O. Çankaya, M.K. Günel
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Age-Related Changes in Na, K-ATPase Expression, Subunit Isoform Selection and Assembly in the Stria Vascularis Lateral Wall of Mouse Cochlear
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018
Source: Hearing Research
Author(s): Ding Bo, Joseph P. Walton, Xiaoxia Zhu, Robert D. Frisina
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine age-related changes of Na, K-ATPase (NKA) subunits in the lateral wall of mouse cochlea. We combined qRT-PCR, western blot and immunocytochemistry methodologies in order to determine gene and protein expression levels in the lateral wall of young and aged CBA/CaJ mice. Of the seven NKA subunits, only the mRNA expressions of α1, β1 and β2 subunit isoforms were detected in the lateral wall of CBA/CaJ mice. Aging was accompanied by dys-regulation of gene and protein expression of all three subunits detected. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed atrophy of the cochlear stria vascularis (SV). The SV atrophy rate (20%) was much less than the ∼80% decline in expression of all three NKA isoforms, indicating lateral wall atrophy and NKA dys-regulation are independent factors and that there is a combination of changes involving the morphology of SV and NKA expression in the aging cochlea which may concomitantly affect cochlear function. Immunoprecipitation assays showed that the α1-β1 heterodimer is the selective preferential heterodimer over the α1-β2 heterodimer in cochlea lateral wall. Interestingly, in vitro pathway experiments utilizing cultured mouse cochlear marginal cells from the SV (SV-K1 cells) indicated that decreased mRNA and protein expressions of α1, β1 and β2 subunit isoforms are not associated with reduction of NKA activity following in vitro application of ouabain, but ouabain did disrupt the α1-β1 heterodimer interaction. Lastly, the association between the α1 and β1 subunit isoforms was present in the cochlear lateral wall of young adult mice, but this interaction could not be detected in old mice. Taken together, these data suggest that in the young adult mouse there is a specific, functional selection and assembly of NKA subunit isoforms in the SV lateral wall, which is disrupted and dys-regulated with age. Interventions for this age-linked ion channel disruption may have the potential to help diagnose, prevent, or treat age-related hearing loss.
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Age-Related Changes in Na, K-ATPase Expression, Subunit Isoform Selection and Assembly in the Stria Vascularis Lateral Wall of Mouse Cochlear
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2018
Source: Hearing Research
Author(s): Ding Bo, Joseph P. Walton, Xiaoxia Zhu, Robert D. Frisina
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine age-related changes of Na, K-ATPase (NKA) subunits in the lateral wall of mouse cochlea. We combined qRT-PCR, western blot and immunocytochemistry methodologies in order to determine gene and protein expression levels in the lateral wall of young and aged CBA/CaJ mice. Of the seven NKA subunits, only the mRNA expressions of α1, β1 and β2 subunit isoforms were detected in the lateral wall of CBA/CaJ mice. Aging was accompanied by dys-regulation of gene and protein expression of all three subunits detected. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed atrophy of the cochlear stria vascularis (SV). The SV atrophy rate (20%) was much less than the ∼80% decline in expression of all three NKA isoforms, indicating lateral wall atrophy and NKA dys-regulation are independent factors and that there is a combination of changes involving the morphology of SV and NKA expression in the aging cochlea which may concomitantly affect cochlear function. Immunoprecipitation assays showed that the α1-β1 heterodimer is the selective preferential heterodimer over the α1-β2 heterodimer in cochlea lateral wall. Interestingly, in vitro pathway experiments utilizing cultured mouse cochlear marginal cells from the SV (SV-K1 cells) indicated that decreased mRNA and protein expressions of α1, β1 and β2 subunit isoforms are not associated with reduction of NKA activity following in vitro application of ouabain, but ouabain did disrupt the α1-β1 heterodimer interaction. Lastly, the association between the α1 and β1 subunit isoforms was present in the cochlear lateral wall of young adult mice, but this interaction could not be detected in old mice. Taken together, these data suggest that in the young adult mouse there is a specific, functional selection and assembly of NKA subunit isoforms in the SV lateral wall, which is disrupted and dys-regulated with age. Interventions for this age-linked ion channel disruption may have the potential to help diagnose, prevent, or treat age-related hearing loss.
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Development of the Social Participation Restrictions Questionnaire (SPaRQ) through consultation with adults with hearing loss, researchers, and clinicians: a content evaluation study.
 |
Related Articles |
Development of the Social Participation Restrictions Questionnaire (SPaRQ) through consultation with adults with hearing loss, researchers, and clinicians: a content evaluation study.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Jul 02;:1-9
Authors: Heffernan E, Coulson NS, Ferguson MA
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to evaluate the content of the Social Participation Restrictions Questionnaire (SPaRQ) in terms of its relevance, clarity, comprehensiveness, acceptability to adults with hearing loss, and responsiveness.
DESIGN: Cognitive interviews and a subject matter expert survey were conducted. The interview data were analysed using thematic analysis and a taxonomy of questionnaire clarity problems. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the survey data.
STUDY SAMPLE: Fourteen adults with hearing loss participated in the cognitive interviews. Twenty clinicians and academics completed the subject matter expert survey.
RESULTS: The majority of the SPaRQ content was found to be relevant, clear, comprehensive, and acceptable. However, an important clarity problem was identified: many adults with hearing loss struggled to switch from answering positively worded items (e.g. "I can attend social gatherings") to answering negatively-worded items (e.g. "I feel isolated"). Several subject matter experts found responsiveness difficult to assess. The SPaRQ was amended where necessary.
CONCLUSION: Few hearing-specific questionnaires have undergone content evaluation. This study highlights the value of content evaluation as a means of identifying important flaws and improving the quality of a measure. The next stage of this research is a psychometric evaluation of the measure.
PMID: 29966457 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Corrigendum.
|
Related Articles |
Corrigendum.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Jul 02;:1
Authors:
PMID: 29966455 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Factors influencing degree of hearing loss at presentation, hearing aid choice, and usage in first time hearing aid users in Singapore.
|
Related Articles |
Factors influencing degree of hearing loss at presentation, hearing aid choice, and usage in first time hearing aid users in Singapore.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Jun 29;:1-8
Authors: Ho EC, Ong WMW, Li K, Zhang H, Bei YTE, Medapati SVR, Seneviratna A
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the factors associated with late presentation at first hearing aid (HA) fitting, HA choice and usage among users in Singapore.
DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study.
STUDY SAMPLE: 1068 subjects issued with HAs at a tertiary hospital from 2001 to 2013.
RESULTS: Half of the subjects presented with more severe (>55 dB) hearing loss (HL) in their better ear. In multivariable analysis, older age, Malay ethnicity, conductive and mixed HL, and combination type of HL were associated with more severe HL at first presentation. Over 70% of subjects were older than 65 years. Worse pure tone audiometry (PTA) thresholds of the better ear, gradual onset and sensorineural HL were associated with older age presentation. For unilaterally fitted subjects, PTA thresholds were the only determinant of having the better ear aided. Better PTA thresholds, younger age and sensorineural HL were associated with choosing in ear compared to behind the ear HAs. Younger age and worse PTA of the better ear were associated with ≥4 h of daily HA usage.
CONCLUSIONS: Age, ethnicity and type of HL were important determinants for more severe HL at first HA fitting. Older patients and those with better hearing were less likely to use their HAs regularly.
PMID: 29957077 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Hearing and Balance; +20 new citations
20 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:
These pubmed results were generated on 2018/07/10
PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
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Development of the Social Participation Restrictions Questionnaire (SPaRQ) through consultation with adults with hearing loss, researchers, and clinicians: a content evaluation study.
|
Related Articles |
Development of the Social Participation Restrictions Questionnaire (SPaRQ) through consultation with adults with hearing loss, researchers, and clinicians: a content evaluation study.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Jul 02;:1-9
Authors: Heffernan E, Coulson NS, Ferguson MA
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to evaluate the content of the Social Participation Restrictions Questionnaire (SPaRQ) in terms of its relevance, clarity, comprehensiveness, acceptability to adults with hearing loss, and responsiveness.
DESIGN: Cognitive interviews and a subject matter expert survey were conducted. The interview data were analysed using thematic analysis and a taxonomy of questionnaire clarity problems. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the survey data.
STUDY SAMPLE: Fourteen adults with hearing loss participated in the cognitive interviews. Twenty clinicians and academics completed the subject matter expert survey.
RESULTS: The majority of the SPaRQ content was found to be relevant, clear, comprehensive, and acceptable. However, an important clarity problem was identified: many adults with hearing loss struggled to switch from answering positively worded items (e.g. "I can attend social gatherings") to answering negatively-worded items (e.g. "I feel isolated"). Several subject matter experts found responsiveness difficult to assess. The SPaRQ was amended where necessary.
CONCLUSION: Few hearing-specific questionnaires have undergone content evaluation. This study highlights the value of content evaluation as a means of identifying important flaws and improving the quality of a measure. The next stage of this research is a psychometric evaluation of the measure.
PMID: 29966457 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Corrigendum.
|
Related Articles |
Corrigendum.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Jul 02;:1
Authors:
PMID: 29966455 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Factors influencing degree of hearing loss at presentation, hearing aid choice, and usage in first time hearing aid users in Singapore.
|
Related Articles |
Factors influencing degree of hearing loss at presentation, hearing aid choice, and usage in first time hearing aid users in Singapore.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Jun 29;:1-8
Authors: Ho EC, Ong WMW, Li K, Zhang H, Bei YTE, Medapati SVR, Seneviratna A
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the factors associated with late presentation at first hearing aid (HA) fitting, HA choice and usage among users in Singapore.
DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study.
STUDY SAMPLE: 1068 subjects issued with HAs at a tertiary hospital from 2001 to 2013.
RESULTS: Half of the subjects presented with more severe (>55 dB) hearing loss (HL) in their better ear. In multivariable analysis, older age, Malay ethnicity, conductive and mixed HL, and combination type of HL were associated with more severe HL at first presentation. Over 70% of subjects were older than 65 years. Worse pure tone audiometry (PTA) thresholds of the better ear, gradual onset and sensorineural HL were associated with older age presentation. For unilaterally fitted subjects, PTA thresholds were the only determinant of having the better ear aided. Better PTA thresholds, younger age and sensorineural HL were associated with choosing in ear compared to behind the ear HAs. Younger age and worse PTA of the better ear were associated with ≥4 h of daily HA usage.
CONCLUSIONS: Age, ethnicity and type of HL were important determinants for more severe HL at first HA fitting. Older patients and those with better hearing were less likely to use their HAs regularly.
PMID: 29957077 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Neural representation of interaural correlation in human auditory brainstem: Comparisons between temporal-fine structure and envelope
Publication date: August 2018
Source: Hearing Research, Volume 365
Author(s): Qian Wang, Hao Lu, Zhemeng Wu, Liang Li
Abstract
Central processing of interaural correlation (IAC), which depends on the precise representation of acoustic signals from the two ears, is essential for both localization and recognition of auditory objects. A complex soundwave is initially filtered by the peripheral auditory system into multiple narrowband waves, which are further decomposed into two functionally distinctive components: the quickly-varying temporal-fine structure (TFS) and the slowly-varying envelope. In rats, a narrowband noise can evoke auditory-midbrain frequency-following responses (FFRs) that contain both the TFS component (FFRTFS) and the envelope component (FFREnv), which represent the TFS and envelope of the narrowband noise, respectively. These two components are different in sensitivity to the interaural time disparity. In human listeners, the present study investigated whether the FFRTFS and FFREnv components of brainstem FFRs to a narrowband noise are different in sensitivity to IAC and whether there are potential brainstem mechanisms underlying the integration of the two components. The results showed that although both the amplitude of FFRTFS and that of FFREnv were significantly affected by shifts of IAC between 1 and 0, the stimulus-to-response correlation for FFRTFS, but not that for FFREnv, was sensitive to the IAC shifts. Moreover, in addition to the correlation between the binaurally evoked FFRTFS and FFREnv, the correlation between the IAC-shift-induced change of FFRTFS and that of FFREnv was significant. Thus, the TFS information is more precisely represented in the human auditory brainstem than the envelope information, and the correlation between FFRTFS and FFREnv for the same narrowband noise suggest a brainstem binding mechanism underlying the perceptual integration of the TFS and envelope signals.
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Intracochlear pressure measurements during acoustic shock wave exposure
Publication date: August 2018
Source: Hearing Research, Volume 365
Author(s): Nathaniel T. Greene, Mohamed A. Alhussaini, James R. Easter, Theodore F. Argo, Tim Walilko, Daniel J. Tollin
Abstract
Introduction
Injuries to the peripheral auditory system are among the most common results of high intensity impulsive acoustic exposure. Prior studies of high intensity sound transmission by the ossicular chain have relied upon measurements in animal models, measurements at more moderate sound levels (i.e. < 130 dB SPL), and/or measured responses to steady-state noise. Here, we directly measure intracochlear pressure in human cadaveric temporal bones, with fiber optic pressure sensors placed in scala vestibuli (SV) and tympani (ST), during exposure to shock waves with peak positive pressures between ∼7 and 83 kPa.
Methods
Eight full-cephalic human cadaver heads were exposed, face-on, to acoustic shock waves in a 45 cm diameter shock tube. Specimens were exposed to impulses with nominal peak overpressures of 7, 28, 55, & 83 kPa (171, 183, 189, & 192 dB pSPL), measured in the free field adjacent to the forehead. Specimens were prepared bilaterally by mastoidectomy and extended facial recess to expose the ossicular chain. Ear canal (EAC), middle ear, and intracochlear sound pressure levels were measured with fiber-optic pressure sensors. Surface-mounted sensors measured SPL and skull strain near the opening of each EAC and at the forehead.
Results
Measurements on the forehead showed incident peak pressures approximately twice that measured by adjacent free-field and EAC entrance sensors, as expected based on the sensor orientation (normal vs tangential to the shock wave propagation). At 7 kPa, EAC pressure showed gain, calculated from the frequency spectra, consistent with the ear canal resonance, and gain in the intracochlear pressures (normalized to the EAC pressure) were consistent with (though somewhat lower than) previously reported middle ear transfer functions. Responses to higher intensity impulses tended to show lower intracochlear gain relative to EAC, suggesting sound transmission efficiency along the ossicular chain is reduced at high intensities. Tympanic membrane (TM) rupture was observed following nearly every exposure 55 kPa or higher.
Conclusions
Intracochlear pressures reveal lower middle-ear transfer function magnitudes (i.e. reduced gain relative to the ear canal) for high sound pressure levels, thus revealing lower than expected cochlear exposure based on extrapolation from cochlear pressures measured at more moderate sound levels. These results are consistent with lowered transmissivity of the ossicular chain at high intensities, and are consistent with our prior report measuring middle ear transfer functions in human cadaveric temporal bones with high intensity tone pips.
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Investigation of the 2f1−f2 and 2f2−f1 distortion product otoacoustic emissions using a computational model of the gerbil ear
Publication date: August 2018
Source: Hearing Research, Volume 365
Author(s): Haiqi Wen, Thomas Bowling, Julien Meaud
Abstract
In this work, a three-dimensional computational model of the gerbil ear is used to investigate the generation of the 2f1−f2 and 2f2−f1 distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). In order to predict both the distortion and reflection sources, cochlear roughness is modeled by introducing random inhomogeneities in the outer hair cell properties. The model was used to simulate the generation of DPOAEs in response to a two-tone stimulus for various primary stimulus levels and frequency ratios. As in published experiments, the 2f1−f2 DPOAEs are mostly dominated by the distortion component while the 2f2−f1 DPOAEs are dominated by the reflection component; furthermore, the influence of the levels and frequency ratio of the primaries are consistent with measurements. Analysis of the intracochlear response shows that the distortion component has the highest magnitude at all longitudinal locations for the 2f1−f2 distortion product (DP) while the distortion component only dominates close to the DP best place in the case of the 2f2−f1 DP. Decomposition of the intracochlear DPs into forward and reverse waves demonstrates that the 2f1−f2 DP generates reverse waves for both the distortion and reflection components; however, a reverse wave is only generated for the reflection component in the case of the 2f2−f1 DP. As in experiments in the gerbil, the group delay of the reflection component of the DPOAE is between 1× and 2× the forward group delay, which is consistent with the propagation of DP towards the stapes as slow reverse waves.
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Differential fates of tissue macrophages in the cochlea during postnatal development
Publication date: August 2018
Source: Hearing Research, Volume 365
Author(s): Youyi Dong, Celia Zhang, Mitchell Frye, Weiping Yang, Dalian Ding, Ashu Sharma, Weiwei Guo, Bo Hua Hu
Abstract
The cochlea contains macrophages. These cells participate in inflammatory responses to cochlear pathogenesis. However, it is not clear how and when these cells populate the cochlea during postnatal development. The current study aims to determine the postnatal development of cochlear macrophages with the focus on macrophage development in the organ of Corti and the basilar membrane. Cochleae were collected from C57BL/6J mice at ages of postnatal day (P) 1 to P21, as well as from mature mice (1–4 months). Macrophages were identified based on their expression of F4/80 and Iba1, as well as their unique morphologies. Two sets of macrophages were identified in the regions of the organ of Corti and the basilar membrane. One set resides on the scala tympani side of the basilar membrane. These cells have a round shape at P1 and start to undergo site-specific differentiation at P4. Apical macrophages adopt a dendritic shape. Middle and basal macrophages take on an irregular shape with short projections. Basal macrophages further differentiate into an amoeboid shape. The other set of macrophages resides above the basilar membrane, either beneath the cells of the organ of Corti or along the spiral vessel of the basilar membrane. As the sensory epithelium matures, these cells undergo developmental death with the phenotypes of apoptosis. Macrophages are also identified in the spiral ligament, spiral limbus, and neural regions. Their numbers decrease during postnatal development. Together, these results suggest a dynamic rearrangement of the macrophage population during postnatal cochlear development.
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Human medial efferent activity elicited by dynamic versus static contralateral noises
Publication date: August 2018
Source: Hearing Research, Volume 365
Author(s): Ian B. Mertes
Abstract
The medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR) modifies cochlear amplifier function to improve encoding of signals in static noise, but conflicting results have been reported regarding how the MOCR responds to dynamic, temporally-complex noises. The current study utilized three MOCR elicitors with identical spectral content but different temporal properties: broadband noise, amplitude-modulated noise, and speech envelope-modulated noise. MOCR activity was assessed using contralateral inhibition of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions in 27 normal-hearing young adults. Elicitors were presented contralaterally at two intensities of 50 and 60 dB SPL. Magnitude and growth of contralateral inhibition with increasing elicitor intensity were compared across the three elicitor types. Results revealed that contralateral inhibition was significantly larger at the elicitor intensity of 60 dB SPL than at 50 dB SPL, but there were no significant differences in the magnitude and growth of inhibition across the three elicitors, contrary to hypothesis. These results suggest that the MOCR responds similarly to both static and dynamic noise.
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Impact of SNR, masker type and noise reduction processing on sentence recognition performance and listening effort as indicated by the pupil dilation response
Publication date: August 2018
Source: Hearing Research, Volume 365
Author(s): Barbara Ohlenforst, Dorothea Wendt, Sophia E. Kramer, Graham Naylor, Adriana A. Zekveld, Thomas Lunner
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that activating the noise reduction scheme in hearing aids results in a smaller peak pupil dilation (PPD), indicating reduced listening effort, at 50% and 95% correct sentence recognition with a 4-talker masker. The objective of this study was to measure the effect of the noise reduction scheme (on or off) on PPD and sentence recognition across a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) from +16 dB to −12 dB and two masker types (4-talker and stationary noise). Relatively low PPDs were observed at very low (−12 dB) and very high (+16 dB to +8 dB) SNRs presumably due to ‘giving up’ and ‘easy listening’, respectively. The maximum PPD was observed with SNRs at approximately 50% correct sentence recognition. Sentence recognition with both masker types was significantly improved by the noise reduction scheme, which corresponds to the shift in performance from SNR function at approximately 5 dB toward a lower SNR. This intelligibility effect was accompanied by a corresponding effect on the PPD, shifting the peak by approximately 4 dB toward a lower SNR. In addition, with the 4-talker masker, when the noise reduction scheme was active, the PPD was smaller overall than that when the scheme was inactive. We conclude that with the 4-talker masker, noise reduction scheme processing provides a listening effort benefit in addition to any effect associated with improved intelligibility. Thus, the effect of the noise reduction scheme on listening effort incorporates more than can be explained by intelligibility alone, emphasizing the potential importance of measuring listening effort in addition to traditional speech reception measures.
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Development of the Social Participation Restrictions Questionnaire (SPaRQ) through consultation with adults with hearing loss, researchers, and clinicians: a content evaluation study.
|
Related Articles |
Development of the Social Participation Restrictions Questionnaire (SPaRQ) through consultation with adults with hearing loss, researchers, and clinicians: a content evaluation study.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Jul 02;:1-9
Authors: Heffernan E, Coulson NS, Ferguson MA
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to evaluate the content of the Social Participation Restrictions Questionnaire (SPaRQ) in terms of its relevance, clarity, comprehensiveness, acceptability to adults with hearing loss, and responsiveness.
DESIGN: Cognitive interviews and a subject matter expert survey were conducted. The interview data were analysed using thematic analysis and a taxonomy of questionnaire clarity problems. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the survey data.
STUDY SAMPLE: Fourteen adults with hearing loss participated in the cognitive interviews. Twenty clinicians and academics completed the subject matter expert survey.
RESULTS: The majority of the SPaRQ content was found to be relevant, clear, comprehensive, and acceptable. However, an important clarity problem was identified: many adults with hearing loss struggled to switch from answering positively worded items (e.g. "I can attend social gatherings") to answering negatively-worded items (e.g. "I feel isolated"). Several subject matter experts found responsiveness difficult to assess. The SPaRQ was amended where necessary.
CONCLUSION: Few hearing-specific questionnaires have undergone content evaluation. This study highlights the value of content evaluation as a means of identifying important flaws and improving the quality of a measure. The next stage of this research is a psychometric evaluation of the measure.
PMID: 29966457 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Corrigendum.
|
Related Articles |
Corrigendum.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Jul 02;:1
Authors:
PMID: 29966455 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Factors influencing degree of hearing loss at presentation, hearing aid choice, and usage in first time hearing aid users in Singapore.
|
Related Articles |
Factors influencing degree of hearing loss at presentation, hearing aid choice, and usage in first time hearing aid users in Singapore.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Jun 29;:1-8
Authors: Ho EC, Ong WMW, Li K, Zhang H, Bei YTE, Medapati SVR, Seneviratna A
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the factors associated with late presentation at first hearing aid (HA) fitting, HA choice and usage among users in Singapore.
DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study.
STUDY SAMPLE: 1068 subjects issued with HAs at a tertiary hospital from 2001 to 2013.
RESULTS: Half of the subjects presented with more severe (>55 dB) hearing loss (HL) in their better ear. In multivariable analysis, older age, Malay ethnicity, conductive and mixed HL, and combination type of HL were associated with more severe HL at first presentation. Over 70% of subjects were older than 65 years. Worse pure tone audiometry (PTA) thresholds of the better ear, gradual onset and sensorineural HL were associated with older age presentation. For unilaterally fitted subjects, PTA thresholds were the only determinant of having the better ear aided. Better PTA thresholds, younger age and sensorineural HL were associated with choosing in ear compared to behind the ear HAs. Younger age and worse PTA of the better ear were associated with ≥4 h of daily HA usage.
CONCLUSIONS: Age, ethnicity and type of HL were important determinants for more severe HL at first HA fitting. Older patients and those with better hearing were less likely to use their HAs regularly.
PMID: 29957077 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Hearing and Balance; +20 new citations
20 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:
These pubmed results were generated on 2018/07/10
PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
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Development of the Social Participation Restrictions Questionnaire (SPaRQ) through consultation with adults with hearing loss, researchers, and clinicians: a content evaluation study.
|
Related Articles |
Development of the Social Participation Restrictions Questionnaire (SPaRQ) through consultation with adults with hearing loss, researchers, and clinicians: a content evaluation study.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Jul 02;:1-9
Authors: Heffernan E, Coulson NS, Ferguson MA
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to evaluate the content of the Social Participation Restrictions Questionnaire (SPaRQ) in terms of its relevance, clarity, comprehensiveness, acceptability to adults with hearing loss, and responsiveness.
DESIGN: Cognitive interviews and a subject matter expert survey were conducted. The interview data were analysed using thematic analysis and a taxonomy of questionnaire clarity problems. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the survey data.
STUDY SAMPLE: Fourteen adults with hearing loss participated in the cognitive interviews. Twenty clinicians and academics completed the subject matter expert survey.
RESULTS: The majority of the SPaRQ content was found to be relevant, clear, comprehensive, and acceptable. However, an important clarity problem was identified: many adults with hearing loss struggled to switch from answering positively worded items (e.g. "I can attend social gatherings") to answering negatively-worded items (e.g. "I feel isolated"). Several subject matter experts found responsiveness difficult to assess. The SPaRQ was amended where necessary.
CONCLUSION: Few hearing-specific questionnaires have undergone content evaluation. This study highlights the value of content evaluation as a means of identifying important flaws and improving the quality of a measure. The next stage of this research is a psychometric evaluation of the measure.
PMID: 29966457 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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via IFTTT
Corrigendum.
|
Related Articles |
Corrigendum.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Jul 02;:1
Authors:
PMID: 29966455 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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via IFTTT
Factors influencing degree of hearing loss at presentation, hearing aid choice, and usage in first time hearing aid users in Singapore.
|
Related Articles |
Factors influencing degree of hearing loss at presentation, hearing aid choice, and usage in first time hearing aid users in Singapore.
Int J Audiol. 2018 Jun 29;:1-8
Authors: Ho EC, Ong WMW, Li K, Zhang H, Bei YTE, Medapati SVR, Seneviratna A
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the factors associated with late presentation at first hearing aid (HA) fitting, HA choice and usage among users in Singapore.
DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study.
STUDY SAMPLE: 1068 subjects issued with HAs at a tertiary hospital from 2001 to 2013.
RESULTS: Half of the subjects presented with more severe (>55 dB) hearing loss (HL) in their better ear. In multivariable analysis, older age, Malay ethnicity, conductive and mixed HL, and combination type of HL were associated with more severe HL at first presentation. Over 70% of subjects were older than 65 years. Worse pure tone audiometry (PTA) thresholds of the better ear, gradual onset and sensorineural HL were associated with older age presentation. For unilaterally fitted subjects, PTA thresholds were the only determinant of having the better ear aided. Better PTA thresholds, younger age and sensorineural HL were associated with choosing in ear compared to behind the ear HAs. Younger age and worse PTA of the better ear were associated with ≥4 h of daily HA usage.
CONCLUSIONS: Age, ethnicity and type of HL were important determinants for more severe HL at first HA fitting. Older patients and those with better hearing were less likely to use their HAs regularly.
PMID: 29957077 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Neural representation of interaural correlation in human auditory brainstem: Comparisons between temporal-fine structure and envelope
Publication date: August 2018
Source: Hearing Research, Volume 365
Author(s): Qian Wang, Hao Lu, Zhemeng Wu, Liang Li
Abstract
Central processing of interaural correlation (IAC), which depends on the precise representation of acoustic signals from the two ears, is essential for both localization and recognition of auditory objects. A complex soundwave is initially filtered by the peripheral auditory system into multiple narrowband waves, which are further decomposed into two functionally distinctive components: the quickly-varying temporal-fine structure (TFS) and the slowly-varying envelope. In rats, a narrowband noise can evoke auditory-midbrain frequency-following responses (FFRs) that contain both the TFS component (FFRTFS) and the envelope component (FFREnv), which represent the TFS and envelope of the narrowband noise, respectively. These two components are different in sensitivity to the interaural time disparity. In human listeners, the present study investigated whether the FFRTFS and FFREnv components of brainstem FFRs to a narrowband noise are different in sensitivity to IAC and whether there are potential brainstem mechanisms underlying the integration of the two components. The results showed that although both the amplitude of FFRTFS and that of FFREnv were significantly affected by shifts of IAC between 1 and 0, the stimulus-to-response correlation for FFRTFS, but not that for FFREnv, was sensitive to the IAC shifts. Moreover, in addition to the correlation between the binaurally evoked FFRTFS and FFREnv, the correlation between the IAC-shift-induced change of FFRTFS and that of FFREnv was significant. Thus, the TFS information is more precisely represented in the human auditory brainstem than the envelope information, and the correlation between FFRTFS and FFREnv for the same narrowband noise suggest a brainstem binding mechanism underlying the perceptual integration of the TFS and envelope signals.
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Intracochlear pressure measurements during acoustic shock wave exposure
Publication date: August 2018
Source: Hearing Research, Volume 365
Author(s): Nathaniel T. Greene, Mohamed A. Alhussaini, James R. Easter, Theodore F. Argo, Tim Walilko, Daniel J. Tollin
Abstract
Introduction
Injuries to the peripheral auditory system are among the most common results of high intensity impulsive acoustic exposure. Prior studies of high intensity sound transmission by the ossicular chain have relied upon measurements in animal models, measurements at more moderate sound levels (i.e. < 130 dB SPL), and/or measured responses to steady-state noise. Here, we directly measure intracochlear pressure in human cadaveric temporal bones, with fiber optic pressure sensors placed in scala vestibuli (SV) and tympani (ST), during exposure to shock waves with peak positive pressures between ∼7 and 83 kPa.
Methods
Eight full-cephalic human cadaver heads were exposed, face-on, to acoustic shock waves in a 45 cm diameter shock tube. Specimens were exposed to impulses with nominal peak overpressures of 7, 28, 55, & 83 kPa (171, 183, 189, & 192 dB pSPL), measured in the free field adjacent to the forehead. Specimens were prepared bilaterally by mastoidectomy and extended facial recess to expose the ossicular chain. Ear canal (EAC), middle ear, and intracochlear sound pressure levels were measured with fiber-optic pressure sensors. Surface-mounted sensors measured SPL and skull strain near the opening of each EAC and at the forehead.
Results
Measurements on the forehead showed incident peak pressures approximately twice that measured by adjacent free-field and EAC entrance sensors, as expected based on the sensor orientation (normal vs tangential to the shock wave propagation). At 7 kPa, EAC pressure showed gain, calculated from the frequency spectra, consistent with the ear canal resonance, and gain in the intracochlear pressures (normalized to the EAC pressure) were consistent with (though somewhat lower than) previously reported middle ear transfer functions. Responses to higher intensity impulses tended to show lower intracochlear gain relative to EAC, suggesting sound transmission efficiency along the ossicular chain is reduced at high intensities. Tympanic membrane (TM) rupture was observed following nearly every exposure 55 kPa or higher.
Conclusions
Intracochlear pressures reveal lower middle-ear transfer function magnitudes (i.e. reduced gain relative to the ear canal) for high sound pressure levels, thus revealing lower than expected cochlear exposure based on extrapolation from cochlear pressures measured at more moderate sound levels. These results are consistent with lowered transmissivity of the ossicular chain at high intensities, and are consistent with our prior report measuring middle ear transfer functions in human cadaveric temporal bones with high intensity tone pips.
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Investigation of the 2f1−f2 and 2f2−f1 distortion product otoacoustic emissions using a computational model of the gerbil ear
Publication date: August 2018
Source: Hearing Research, Volume 365
Author(s): Haiqi Wen, Thomas Bowling, Julien Meaud
Abstract
In this work, a three-dimensional computational model of the gerbil ear is used to investigate the generation of the 2f1−f2 and 2f2−f1 distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). In order to predict both the distortion and reflection sources, cochlear roughness is modeled by introducing random inhomogeneities in the outer hair cell properties. The model was used to simulate the generation of DPOAEs in response to a two-tone stimulus for various primary stimulus levels and frequency ratios. As in published experiments, the 2f1−f2 DPOAEs are mostly dominated by the distortion component while the 2f2−f1 DPOAEs are dominated by the reflection component; furthermore, the influence of the levels and frequency ratio of the primaries are consistent with measurements. Analysis of the intracochlear response shows that the distortion component has the highest magnitude at all longitudinal locations for the 2f1−f2 distortion product (DP) while the distortion component only dominates close to the DP best place in the case of the 2f2−f1 DP. Decomposition of the intracochlear DPs into forward and reverse waves demonstrates that the 2f1−f2 DP generates reverse waves for both the distortion and reflection components; however, a reverse wave is only generated for the reflection component in the case of the 2f2−f1 DP. As in experiments in the gerbil, the group delay of the reflection component of the DPOAE is between 1× and 2× the forward group delay, which is consistent with the propagation of DP towards the stapes as slow reverse waves.
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Differential fates of tissue macrophages in the cochlea during postnatal development
Publication date: August 2018
Source: Hearing Research, Volume 365
Author(s): Youyi Dong, Celia Zhang, Mitchell Frye, Weiping Yang, Dalian Ding, Ashu Sharma, Weiwei Guo, Bo Hua Hu
Abstract
The cochlea contains macrophages. These cells participate in inflammatory responses to cochlear pathogenesis. However, it is not clear how and when these cells populate the cochlea during postnatal development. The current study aims to determine the postnatal development of cochlear macrophages with the focus on macrophage development in the organ of Corti and the basilar membrane. Cochleae were collected from C57BL/6J mice at ages of postnatal day (P) 1 to P21, as well as from mature mice (1–4 months). Macrophages were identified based on their expression of F4/80 and Iba1, as well as their unique morphologies. Two sets of macrophages were identified in the regions of the organ of Corti and the basilar membrane. One set resides on the scala tympani side of the basilar membrane. These cells have a round shape at P1 and start to undergo site-specific differentiation at P4. Apical macrophages adopt a dendritic shape. Middle and basal macrophages take on an irregular shape with short projections. Basal macrophages further differentiate into an amoeboid shape. The other set of macrophages resides above the basilar membrane, either beneath the cells of the organ of Corti or along the spiral vessel of the basilar membrane. As the sensory epithelium matures, these cells undergo developmental death with the phenotypes of apoptosis. Macrophages are also identified in the spiral ligament, spiral limbus, and neural regions. Their numbers decrease during postnatal development. Together, these results suggest a dynamic rearrangement of the macrophage population during postnatal cochlear development.
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Human medial efferent activity elicited by dynamic versus static contralateral noises
Publication date: August 2018
Source: Hearing Research, Volume 365
Author(s): Ian B. Mertes
Abstract
The medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR) modifies cochlear amplifier function to improve encoding of signals in static noise, but conflicting results have been reported regarding how the MOCR responds to dynamic, temporally-complex noises. The current study utilized three MOCR elicitors with identical spectral content but different temporal properties: broadband noise, amplitude-modulated noise, and speech envelope-modulated noise. MOCR activity was assessed using contralateral inhibition of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions in 27 normal-hearing young adults. Elicitors were presented contralaterally at two intensities of 50 and 60 dB SPL. Magnitude and growth of contralateral inhibition with increasing elicitor intensity were compared across the three elicitor types. Results revealed that contralateral inhibition was significantly larger at the elicitor intensity of 60 dB SPL than at 50 dB SPL, but there were no significant differences in the magnitude and growth of inhibition across the three elicitors, contrary to hypothesis. These results suggest that the MOCR responds similarly to both static and dynamic noise.
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Impact of SNR, masker type and noise reduction processing on sentence recognition performance and listening effort as indicated by the pupil dilation response
Publication date: August 2018
Source: Hearing Research, Volume 365
Author(s): Barbara Ohlenforst, Dorothea Wendt, Sophia E. Kramer, Graham Naylor, Adriana A. Zekveld, Thomas Lunner
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that activating the noise reduction scheme in hearing aids results in a smaller peak pupil dilation (PPD), indicating reduced listening effort, at 50% and 95% correct sentence recognition with a 4-talker masker. The objective of this study was to measure the effect of the noise reduction scheme (on or off) on PPD and sentence recognition across a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) from +16 dB to −12 dB and two masker types (4-talker and stationary noise). Relatively low PPDs were observed at very low (−12 dB) and very high (+16 dB to +8 dB) SNRs presumably due to ‘giving up’ and ‘easy listening’, respectively. The maximum PPD was observed with SNRs at approximately 50% correct sentence recognition. Sentence recognition with both masker types was significantly improved by the noise reduction scheme, which corresponds to the shift in performance from SNR function at approximately 5 dB toward a lower SNR. This intelligibility effect was accompanied by a corresponding effect on the PPD, shifting the peak by approximately 4 dB toward a lower SNR. In addition, with the 4-talker masker, when the noise reduction scheme was active, the PPD was smaller overall than that when the scheme was inactive. We conclude that with the 4-talker masker, noise reduction scheme processing provides a listening effort benefit in addition to any effect associated with improved intelligibility. Thus, the effect of the noise reduction scheme on listening effort incorporates more than can be explained by intelligibility alone, emphasizing the potential importance of measuring listening effort in addition to traditional speech reception measures.
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