P 086 – Static postural data shows a strong correlation with kinematic data in children with cerebral palsy

Publication date: Available online 29 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): C. Schranz, A. Kruse, T. Belohlavek, G. Steinwender, M. Tilp, M. Svehlik

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Association between gait and cognition in an elderly population based sample

Publication date: Available online 29 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Vyara Valkanova, Patrick Esser, Naiara Demnitz, Claire E. Sexton, Enikő Zsoldos, Abda Mahmood, Ludovica Griffanti, Mika Kivimäki, Archana Singh-Manoux, Helen Dawes, Klaus P. Ebmeier

Abstract

Background

Gait is thought to have a cognitive component, but the current evidence in healthy elderly is mixed. We studied the association between multiple gait and cognitive measures in a cohort of older people.

Methods

One hundred and seventy-eight cognitively healthy participants from the Whitehall II Imaging Sub-study had a detailed clinical and neuropsychological assessment, as well as an MRI scan. Spatiotemporal and variability gait measures were derived from two 10 m walks at self-selected speed. We did a linear regression analysis, entering potential confounders with backwards elimination of variables with p ≥ 0.1. The remaining variables were then entered into a second regression before doing a stepwise analysis of cognitive measures, entering variables with p < 0.05 and removing those with p ≥ 0.1.

Results

Amongst absolute gait measures, only greater stride length was associated with better performance on the Trail Making Test A (p = 0.023) and the Boston Naming Test (p = 0.042). The stride time variability was associated with performance on the Trail Making Test A (p = 0.031). Age was associated with poorer walking speed (p = 0.014) and stride time (p = 0.011), female sex with shorter stride time (p = 0.000) and shorter double stance (p = 0.005). Length of full-time education was associated with faster walking speed (p = 0.012) and shorter stride time (p = 0.045), and a history of muscular-skeletal disease with slower walking speed (p = 0.01) and shorter stride length (p = 0.015). Interestingly, volume of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on FLAIR MRI images did not contribute independently to any of the gait measures (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

No strong relationship between gait and non-motor cognition was observed in a cognitively healthy, high functioning sample of elderly. Nevertheless, we found some relationships with spatial, but not temporal gait which warrant further investigation. WMH made no independent contribution to gait.

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P 086 – Static postural data shows a strong correlation with kinematic data in children with cerebral palsy

Publication date: Available online 29 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): C. Schranz, A. Kruse, T. Belohlavek, G. Steinwender, M. Tilp, M. Svehlik

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Association between gait and cognition in an elderly population based sample

Publication date: Available online 29 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Vyara Valkanova, Patrick Esser, Naiara Demnitz, Claire E. Sexton, Enikő Zsoldos, Abda Mahmood, Ludovica Griffanti, Mika Kivimäki, Archana Singh-Manoux, Helen Dawes, Klaus P. Ebmeier

Abstract

Background

Gait is thought to have a cognitive component, but the current evidence in healthy elderly is mixed. We studied the association between multiple gait and cognitive measures in a cohort of older people.

Methods

One hundred and seventy-eight cognitively healthy participants from the Whitehall II Imaging Sub-study had a detailed clinical and neuropsychological assessment, as well as an MRI scan. Spatiotemporal and variability gait measures were derived from two 10 m walks at self-selected speed. We did a linear regression analysis, entering potential confounders with backwards elimination of variables with p ≥ 0.1. The remaining variables were then entered into a second regression before doing a stepwise analysis of cognitive measures, entering variables with p < 0.05 and removing those with p ≥ 0.1.

Results

Amongst absolute gait measures, only greater stride length was associated with better performance on the Trail Making Test A (p = 0.023) and the Boston Naming Test (p = 0.042). The stride time variability was associated with performance on the Trail Making Test A (p = 0.031). Age was associated with poorer walking speed (p = 0.014) and stride time (p = 0.011), female sex with shorter stride time (p = 0.000) and shorter double stance (p = 0.005). Length of full-time education was associated with faster walking speed (p = 0.012) and shorter stride time (p = 0.045), and a history of muscular-skeletal disease with slower walking speed (p = 0.01) and shorter stride length (p = 0.015). Interestingly, volume of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on FLAIR MRI images did not contribute independently to any of the gait measures (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

No strong relationship between gait and non-motor cognition was observed in a cognitively healthy, high functioning sample of elderly. Nevertheless, we found some relationships with spatial, but not temporal gait which warrant further investigation. WMH made no independent contribution to gait.

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Human frequency following responses to iterated rippled noise with positive and negative gain: Differential sensitivity to waveform envelope and temporal fine-structure

Publication date: Available online 29 July 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Saradha Ananthakrishnan, Ananthanarayan Krishnan

Abstract

The perceived pitch of iterated rippled noise (IRN) with negative gain (IRNn) is an octave lower than that of IRN with positive gain (IRNp). IRNp and IRNn have identical waveform envelopes (ENV), but differing stimulus waveform fine structure (TFS), which likely accounts for this perceived pitch difference. Here, we examine whether differences in the temporal pattern of phase-locked activity reflected in the human brainstem Frequency Following Response (FFR) elicited by IRNp and IRNn can account for the differences in perceived pitch for the two stimuli. FFRs using a single onset polarity were measured in 13 normal-hearing, adult listeners in response to IRNp and IRNn stimuli with 2 ms, and 4 ms delay. Autocorrelation functions (ACFs) and Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs) were used to evaluate the dominant periodicity and spectral pattern (harmonic spacing) in the phase-locked FFR neural activity. For both delays, the harmonic spacing in the spectra corresponded more strongly with the perceived lowering of pitch from IRNp to IRNn, compared to the ACFs. These results suggest that the FFR elicited by a single polarity stimulus reflects phase-locking to both stimulus ENV and TFS. A post-hoc experiment evaluating the FFR phase-locked activity to ENV (FFR_ENV), and TFS (FFR_TFS) elicited by IRNp and IRNn confirmed that only the phase-locked activity to the TFS, reflected in FFR_TFS, showed differences in both spectra and ACF that closely matched the pitch difference between the two stimuli. The results of the post-hoc experiment suggests that pitch-relevant information is preserved in the temporal pattern of phase-locked activity and suggests that the differences in stimulus ENV and TFS driving the pitch percept of IRNp and IRNn are preserved in the brainstem neural response. The scalp recorded FFR may provide for a noninvasive analytic tool to evaluate the relative contributions of envelope and temporal fine-structure in the neural representation of complex sounds in humans.

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Human frequency following responses to iterated rippled noise with positive and negative gain: Differential sensitivity to waveform envelope and temporal fine-structure

Publication date: Available online 29 July 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Saradha Ananthakrishnan, Ananthanarayan Krishnan

Abstract

The perceived pitch of iterated rippled noise (IRN) with negative gain (IRNn) is an octave lower than that of IRN with positive gain (IRNp). IRNp and IRNn have identical waveform envelopes (ENV), but differing stimulus waveform fine structure (TFS), which likely accounts for this perceived pitch difference. Here, we examine whether differences in the temporal pattern of phase-locked activity reflected in the human brainstem Frequency Following Response (FFR) elicited by IRNp and IRNn can account for the differences in perceived pitch for the two stimuli. FFRs using a single onset polarity were measured in 13 normal-hearing, adult listeners in response to IRNp and IRNn stimuli with 2 ms, and 4 ms delay. Autocorrelation functions (ACFs) and Fast Fourier Transforms (FFTs) were used to evaluate the dominant periodicity and spectral pattern (harmonic spacing) in the phase-locked FFR neural activity. For both delays, the harmonic spacing in the spectra corresponded more strongly with the perceived lowering of pitch from IRNp to IRNn, compared to the ACFs. These results suggest that the FFR elicited by a single polarity stimulus reflects phase-locking to both stimulus ENV and TFS. A post-hoc experiment evaluating the FFR phase-locked activity to ENV (FFR_ENV), and TFS (FFR_TFS) elicited by IRNp and IRNn confirmed that only the phase-locked activity to the TFS, reflected in FFR_TFS, showed differences in both spectra and ACF that closely matched the pitch difference between the two stimuli. The results of the post-hoc experiment suggests that pitch-relevant information is preserved in the temporal pattern of phase-locked activity and suggests that the differences in stimulus ENV and TFS driving the pitch percept of IRNp and IRNn are preserved in the brainstem neural response. The scalp recorded FFR may provide for a noninvasive analytic tool to evaluate the relative contributions of envelope and temporal fine-structure in the neural representation of complex sounds in humans.

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P 107 – Do Kinesio-tape change upper extremity position, functional status and family satisfaction of children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy in short term?

Publication date: Available online 29 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): K. Seyhan, Ö. Çankaya, M. Tunçdemir, S. Üneş, M.K. Günel

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate if Kinesio-tape (KT) changed upper extremity position, functional status and family satisfaction of children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) in short term. KT was used on affected upper extremities of 14 children with hemiplegic CP. Zancolli Classification, Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), Upper Limb Rating Scale (ULRS), Quality of Upper extremity skills test (QUEST), Box and Block Test (BBT) were applied for functional status before and after three days. Family satisfaction was assessed with ten-point numeric scale. There were significant differences in Zancolli Classification (p = 0.01), UPRS (p = 0.037) and OUEST dissociated movement sub-dimension (p=0.002) and family satisfaction (p = 0.001) after the KT application but there was no significant difference about performance. KT is a promising additional approach to increase upper extremity status and families were satisfied the images of upper extremity with KT.

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P 107 – Do Kinesio-tape change upper extremity position, functional status and family satisfaction of children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy in short term?

Publication date: Available online 29 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): K. Seyhan, Ö. Çankaya, M. Tunçdemir, S. Üneş, M.K. Günel

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate if Kinesio-tape (KT) changed upper extremity position, functional status and family satisfaction of children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) in short term. KT was used on affected upper extremities of 14 children with hemiplegic CP. Zancolli Classification, Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), Upper Limb Rating Scale (ULRS), Quality of Upper extremity skills test (QUEST), Box and Block Test (BBT) were applied for functional status before and after three days. Family satisfaction was assessed with ten-point numeric scale. There were significant differences in Zancolli Classification (p = 0.01), UPRS (p = 0.037) and OUEST dissociated movement sub-dimension (p=0.002) and family satisfaction (p = 0.001) after the KT application but there was no significant difference about performance. KT is a promising additional approach to increase upper extremity status and families were satisfied the images of upper extremity with KT.

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Detection of single mRNAs in individual cells of the auditory system

Publication date: Available online 29 July 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Pezhman Salehi, Charlie N. Nelson, Yingying Chen, Debin Lei, Samuel D. Crish, Jovitha Nelson, Hongyan Zuo, Jianxin Bao

Abstract

Gene expression analysis is essential for understanding the rich repertoire of cellular functions. With the development of sensitive molecular tools such as single-cell RNA sequencing, extensive gene expression data can be obtained and analyzed from various tissues. Single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) has emerged as a powerful complementary tool for single-cell genomics studies because of its ability to map and quantify the spatial distributions of single mRNAs at the subcellular level in their native tissue. Here, we present a detailed method to study the copy numbers and spatial localizations of single mRNAs in the cochlea and inferior colliculus. First, we demonstrate that smFISH can be performed successfully in adult cochlear tissue after decalcification. Second, we show that the smFISH signals can be detected with high specificity. Third, we adapt an automated transcript analysis pipeline to quantify and identify single mRNAs in a cell-specific manner. Lastly, we show that our method can be used to study possible correlations between transcriptional and translational activities of single genes. Thus, we have developed a detailed smFISH protocol that can be used to study the expression of single mRNAs in specific cell types of the peripheral and central auditory systems.

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Detection of single mRNAs in individual cells of the auditory system

Publication date: Available online 29 July 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Pezhman Salehi, Charlie N. Nelson, Yingying Chen, Debin Lei, Samuel D. Crish, Jovitha Nelson, Hongyan Zuo, Jianxin Bao

Abstract

Gene expression analysis is essential for understanding the rich repertoire of cellular functions. With the development of sensitive molecular tools such as single-cell RNA sequencing, extensive gene expression data can be obtained and analyzed from various tissues. Single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) has emerged as a powerful complementary tool for single-cell genomics studies because of its ability to map and quantify the spatial distributions of single mRNAs at the subcellular level in their native tissue. Here, we present a detailed method to study the copy numbers and spatial localizations of single mRNAs in the cochlea and inferior colliculus. First, we demonstrate that smFISH can be performed successfully in adult cochlear tissue after decalcification. Second, we show that the smFISH signals can be detected with high specificity. Third, we adapt an automated transcript analysis pipeline to quantify and identify single mRNAs in a cell-specific manner. Lastly, we show that our method can be used to study possible correlations between transcriptional and translational activities of single genes. Thus, we have developed a detailed smFISH protocol that can be used to study the expression of single mRNAs in specific cell types of the peripheral and central auditory systems.

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