Τετάρτη 17 Μαΐου 2017

Pediatric nasal surgery prior to puberty is not only safe, but may prevent facial deformity in certain patients.


Pediatric nasal surgery: timing and technique.
από Gary, Celeste C. στο Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery - Published Ahead-of-Print
Μετάφραση άρθρου
Purpose of review: Timing of pediatric nasal surgery has always been a controversial topic. Concern over disrupting growing parts of the face and causing permanent facial deformity has led to a primarily conservative approach. Many surgeons feel that it is prudent to wait until the patient has completed nasal growth after puberty to pursue nasal surgery. Recent findings: Recently, this attitude has been challenged with evidence that not only is nasal surgery in the pediatric age group not a detriment to facial growth, but failure to correct significant nasal deformity may actually cause dysmorphic facial growth secondary to obligate mouth breathing. Because of this, recent studies have focused on determining safe surgical techniques for pediatric nasal surgery, including inferior turbinate reduction, septoplasty and rhinoplasty. Research focus on this topic has also been expanded to include quality-of-life measures after nasal surgery. Summary: Pediatric nasal surgery prior to puberty is not only safe, but may prevent facial deformity in certain patients. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.


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Article in Thieme eJournals:
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10-1055-s-0037-1601576_00735-1.jpg

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Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA

Article in Thieme eJournals:
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10-1055-s-0037-1601575_00734-1.jpg

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[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text



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10-1055-s-0037-1601569_00728-1.jpg

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DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601569



Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text



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10-1055-s-0037-1601573_00732-1.jpg

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For many adults with dementia, age-related hearing loss is undiagnosed and/or untreated. Untreated hearing loss can exacerbate common dementia-related behavioral symptoms, such as depression, apathy, agitation. Despite the potential benefits to the individual and the family, pursuing and adopting hearing aids for persons with dementia presents with many challenges. As such, this group of vulnerable older adults is well suited for alternative approaches that adopt an interventional audiology framework. This article reviews alternative hearing care models that we have tested when working with older adults with cognitive impairments. We have found that some individuals show improvements in dementia-related problem behaviors and/or in measures of social engagement after brief aural rehabilitation interventions that provide non-custom amplification. We have developed simple training materials to help family and professional caregivers use communication strategies and non-custom amplification. Providing services that can be integrated into the person's broader dementia care has the potential to improve communication and quality of life for individuals and families. There are opportunities in this population to provide basic, simple strategies and make substantial improvements as long as we adopt approaches that bring the services to the people, instead of bringing the people to us in the audiology clinic.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text



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Hearing and Health Outcomes: Recognizing and Addressing Hearing Loss in Hospitalized Older Adults

Semin Hear 2017; 38: 153-159
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601570

As age increases, the prevalence of hearing loss significantly increases, reaching up to 89% of those 80 years and older. Hearing loss in older patients is often unrecognized and its consequences are often underappreciated. Hearing loss can interfere with the ability to exchange important health information and to participate in health care decision-making. Hearing loss during hospitalization increases the risk of misdiagnosis. There is a lack of empirical data regarding prevalence and recognition of hearing loss in hospitalized older adults. In this article, we describe a variety of negative outcomes that may result when older inpatients are functioning with unrecognized hearing loss.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text



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The Role of Audiology in an Outpatient Interdisciplinary Post-Trauma Clinic

Semin Hear 2017; 38: 169-176
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601572

Patients in the process of recovering from severe bodily injury will encounter several barriers to effective treatment. When present, untreated hearing loss can create additional obstacles in a process that is already difficult. This article describes an outpatient post-trauma clinic associated with a tertiary care hospital trauma unit that consolidates rehabilitation resources 2 weeks after inpatient discharge to help these patients on their path to recovery. The role of audiology in the interdisciplinary clinic is described and data related to services are presented. Some practical tips for implementation of audiologic services in this type of environment are provided.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text



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The Effect of Outpatient Interventional Audiology on Inpatient Audiology Services

Semin Hear 2017; 38: 160-168
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601571

Although older adults are likely to experience some degree of hearing loss that if untreated will interfere with treatment for other disorders and result in less-than-optimal health care outcomes, health care providers do not have a reliable and cost-effective way to identify these individuals when admitted to a hospital for inpatient care. This article addresses the impact of untreated hearing loss on health care in a hospital setting and shares how the implementation of interventional audiology in an outpatient clinic has impacted the inpatient audiology services provided at a large tertiary care hospital. A discussion of how these services can be further expanded is provided.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text



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HearCARE: Hearing and Communication Assistance for Resident Engagement

10-1055-s-0037-1601574_00733-1.jpg

Semin Hear 2017; 38: 184-197
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601574

Impaired hearing is related to poor health outcomes, including compromised cognitive function, in aging individuals. Hearing loss is the third most common chronic health condition after arthritis and heart disease in older adults and the fourth most detrimental condition related to quality of life in older adults. Only 18% of aging adults who have impactful hearing loss actually use custom-fit amplification. Therefore, the majority of aging individuals entering senior living facilities will have untreated hearing loss. Older adults move to senior communities to maintain or increase their social engagement, to receive care from qualified staff, and to ultimately enhance their quality of life. We know that the majority of individuals over 65 years of age have significant hearing loss, which leaves them with complex listening needs due to low incidence of hearing aid use, group communication situations that are common for social activities, interactive dining environments, and the need for telephone use to connect with loved ones. Busy staff and family members may not be aware of the impact of decreased hearing on quality of life, as well as caregiver burden. HearCARE (Hearing and Communication Assistance for Resident Engagement) is an initiative to provide communication assistance on a day-to-day basis in senior living facilities in a cost-effective manner. This innovative model for delivering audiology services and communication assistance in senior living communities employing communication facilitators who are trained and supervised by an audiologist will be described. Data related to the communication facilitator training, daily activities, interactions with the audiologist, use of devices, and impact on residents, staff, and families will be described.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text



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A Hearing Loss Prevention Outreach Program for Farmers and Motorsports Enthusiasts

10-1055-s-0037-1601576_00735-1.jpg

Semin Hear 2017; 38: 212-222
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601576

Many farmers and motorsports enthusiasts in rural areas attend tractor pulls, which are loud motorsport competitions using tractors and trucks with powerful, modified engines. The high noise levels experienced by farmers and motorsports fans in their recreational and occupational activities are not addressed by traditional hearing conservation programs. The University of Wisconsin–Madison audiology group has established an annual hearing loss prevention outreach project at the Dairyland Super National Truck and Tractor Pull in Tomah, Wisconsin. The objectives of the outreach are to provide hearing protection to those at the tractor pull, to document tractor pull noise levels, and to encourage tractor pull attendees to use hearing protection at work and in their other recreational activities. This study establishes that hearing loss prevention outreach at tractor pulls is necessary due to the high noise levels during the competitions. The number of earplugs distributed and the percentage of individuals who accept them indicates that this outreach is effective in the short term. It is yet to be determined if this type of hearing loss prevention project can create long-term shifts in cultural attitudes about rural noise and lead to increased hearing protection usage in the occupational and recreational lives of tractor pull attendees.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text



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Self-Assessment Questions

Semin Hear 2017; 38: C1-C8
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601855



Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text



from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2quMysS
via IFTTT

Interventional Audiology to Address Hearing Health Care Disparities: Oyendo Bien Pilot Study

10-1055-s-0037-1601575_00734-1.jpg

Semin Hear 2017; 38: 198-211
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601575

Interventional audiology, specifically community-based outreach, can connect people with the hearing health care system. Community-based participatory research methods were applied in two phases of research to: (1) investigate the needs of families affected by hearing loss in a rural Arizona community on the U.S.–Mexico border; and (2) evaluate an outreach program on hearing health. The needs assessment included interviews with persons with hearing loss and focus groups with family members and the greater community. The needs assessment revealed that despite perceived severity of hearing loss, help-seeking for audiologic care was limited due to barriers, stigma, and low self-efficacy. Results informed development of a community-based pilot study conducted as part of an academic-community partnership between audiology, public health, and community health workers of a federally qualified health center. An outreach program, Oyendo Bien (hearing wellness), a 5-week, Spanish-language health education program for older adults (n = 21) incorporated communication strategies and behavioral change techniques. Postprogram focus groups revealed increased self-efficacy and decreased stigma. After 1 year, 7 of 9 participants with hearing loss contacted for follow-up had sought some form of hearing-related health care. Future research should further investigate interventional audiology approaches to address health disparities.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text



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10-1055-s-0037-1601569_00728-1.jpg

Semin Hear 2017; 38: 151-152
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601569



Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text



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10-1055-s-0037-1601573_00732-1.jpg

Semin Hear 2017; 38: 177-183
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601573

For many adults with dementia, age-related hearing loss is undiagnosed and/or untreated. Untreated hearing loss can exacerbate common dementia-related behavioral symptoms, such as depression, apathy, agitation. Despite the potential benefits to the individual and the family, pursuing and adopting hearing aids for persons with dementia presents with many challenges. As such, this group of vulnerable older adults is well suited for alternative approaches that adopt an interventional audiology framework. This article reviews alternative hearing care models that we have tested when working with older adults with cognitive impairments. We have found that some individuals show improvements in dementia-related problem behaviors and/or in measures of social engagement after brief aural rehabilitation interventions that provide non-custom amplification. We have developed simple training materials to help family and professional caregivers use communication strategies and non-custom amplification. Providing services that can be integrated into the person's broader dementia care has the potential to improve communication and quality of life for individuals and families. There are opportunities in this population to provide basic, simple strategies and make substantial improvements as long as we adopt approaches that bring the services to the people, instead of bringing the people to us in the audiology clinic.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text



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Hearing and Health Outcomes: Recognizing and Addressing Hearing Loss in Hospitalized Older Adults

Semin Hear 2017; 38: 153-159
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601570

As age increases, the prevalence of hearing loss significantly increases, reaching up to 89% of those 80 years and older. Hearing loss in older patients is often unrecognized and its consequences are often underappreciated. Hearing loss can interfere with the ability to exchange important health information and to participate in health care decision-making. Hearing loss during hospitalization increases the risk of misdiagnosis. There is a lack of empirical data regarding prevalence and recognition of hearing loss in hospitalized older adults. In this article, we describe a variety of negative outcomes that may result when older inpatients are functioning with unrecognized hearing loss.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text



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The Role of Audiology in an Outpatient Interdisciplinary Post-Trauma Clinic

Semin Hear 2017; 38: 169-176
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601572

Patients in the process of recovering from severe bodily injury will encounter several barriers to effective treatment. When present, untreated hearing loss can create additional obstacles in a process that is already difficult. This article describes an outpatient post-trauma clinic associated with a tertiary care hospital trauma unit that consolidates rehabilitation resources 2 weeks after inpatient discharge to help these patients on their path to recovery. The role of audiology in the interdisciplinary clinic is described and data related to services are presented. Some practical tips for implementation of audiologic services in this type of environment are provided.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text



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The Effect of Outpatient Interventional Audiology on Inpatient Audiology Services

Semin Hear 2017; 38: 160-168
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601571

Although older adults are likely to experience some degree of hearing loss that if untreated will interfere with treatment for other disorders and result in less-than-optimal health care outcomes, health care providers do not have a reliable and cost-effective way to identify these individuals when admitted to a hospital for inpatient care. This article addresses the impact of untreated hearing loss on health care in a hospital setting and shares how the implementation of interventional audiology in an outpatient clinic has impacted the inpatient audiology services provided at a large tertiary care hospital. A discussion of how these services can be further expanded is provided.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text



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HearCARE: Hearing and Communication Assistance for Resident Engagement

10-1055-s-0037-1601574_00733-1.jpg

Semin Hear 2017; 38: 184-197
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601574

Impaired hearing is related to poor health outcomes, including compromised cognitive function, in aging individuals. Hearing loss is the third most common chronic health condition after arthritis and heart disease in older adults and the fourth most detrimental condition related to quality of life in older adults. Only 18% of aging adults who have impactful hearing loss actually use custom-fit amplification. Therefore, the majority of aging individuals entering senior living facilities will have untreated hearing loss. Older adults move to senior communities to maintain or increase their social engagement, to receive care from qualified staff, and to ultimately enhance their quality of life. We know that the majority of individuals over 65 years of age have significant hearing loss, which leaves them with complex listening needs due to low incidence of hearing aid use, group communication situations that are common for social activities, interactive dining environments, and the need for telephone use to connect with loved ones. Busy staff and family members may not be aware of the impact of decreased hearing on quality of life, as well as caregiver burden. HearCARE (Hearing and Communication Assistance for Resident Engagement) is an initiative to provide communication assistance on a day-to-day basis in senior living facilities in a cost-effective manner. This innovative model for delivering audiology services and communication assistance in senior living communities employing communication facilitators who are trained and supervised by an audiologist will be described. Data related to the communication facilitator training, daily activities, interactions with the audiologist, use of devices, and impact on residents, staff, and families will be described.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text



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A Hearing Loss Prevention Outreach Program for Farmers and Motorsports Enthusiasts

10-1055-s-0037-1601576_00735-1.jpg

Semin Hear 2017; 38: 212-222
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601576

Many farmers and motorsports enthusiasts in rural areas attend tractor pulls, which are loud motorsport competitions using tractors and trucks with powerful, modified engines. The high noise levels experienced by farmers and motorsports fans in their recreational and occupational activities are not addressed by traditional hearing conservation programs. The University of Wisconsin–Madison audiology group has established an annual hearing loss prevention outreach project at the Dairyland Super National Truck and Tractor Pull in Tomah, Wisconsin. The objectives of the outreach are to provide hearing protection to those at the tractor pull, to document tractor pull noise levels, and to encourage tractor pull attendees to use hearing protection at work and in their other recreational activities. This study establishes that hearing loss prevention outreach at tractor pulls is necessary due to the high noise levels during the competitions. The number of earplugs distributed and the percentage of individuals who accept them indicates that this outreach is effective in the short term. It is yet to be determined if this type of hearing loss prevention project can create long-term shifts in cultural attitudes about rural noise and lead to increased hearing protection usage in the occupational and recreational lives of tractor pull attendees.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text



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Self-Assessment Questions

Semin Hear 2017; 38: C1-C8
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1601855



Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text



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Impact of Chemoradiation After Supra- or Infrahyoid Cancer on Aerodynamic, Subjective, and Objective Voice Assessments: A Multicenter Prospective Study

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Publication date: Available online 17 May 2017
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Jérôme R. Lechien, Mohamad Khalife, Kathy Huet, Anne-Francoise Fourneau, Véronique Delvaux, Myriam Piccaluga, Bernard Harmegnies, Sven Saussez
ObjectivesThe study aimed to investigate the impact of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) on speech and voice quality according to the anatomic localization of the head and neck cancer.MethodsThirty-four patients treated by CRT for advanced suprahyoid (N = 17) or infrahyoid (N = 17) cancer were assessed for speech function, videolaryngostroboscopy, Voice Handicap Index, blinded Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain, and Instability, acoustic measurements, and aerodynamic measurements. Quality of life was evaluated using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Head and Neck 35 (EORTC QLQ-H&N35) questionnaire.ResultsPatients treated for an infrahyoid tumor presented more severe values of Voice Handicap Index items, dysphonia, breathiness, asthenia, and some acoustic cues (Voice Turbulence Index, Soft Phonation Index, degree of unvoiced segments, and number of unvoiced segments) than patients treated for a suprahyoid tumor. The EORTC QLQ-H&N35 communication item was better in the suprahyoid patient group.ConclusionsVoice quality impairments associated with CRT are more severe in patients treated for advanced infrahyoid cancer, suggesting the need to develop specific posttherapy management of the dysphonia according to the tumor anatomical localization.



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Whispering by Individuals Using Tracheoesophageal Speech

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Publication date: Available online 17 May 2017
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Jeff Searl
ObjectivesThis study compared whispering attempts by adults using tracheoesophageal (TE) speech with those by adults with a larynx. Comparisons were based on listener judgments, visual-perceptual assessment of spectrograms, and measures of the acoustic signal.Study DesignThis was a prospective, cross-sectional study.MethodsSeventeen TE and 10 laryngeal speakers produced sentences in a whisper and in their spoken voice. Listeners judged sentences as whispered or spoken. Judges signal-typed the spectrograms based on presence-absence of a “voicing bar.” Speaking rate, articulation rate, percent pause, and dB sound pressure level were measured.ResultsTwenty-nine percent of TE speakers were perceived to be whispering on whisper attempts; most others were perceived to be using spoken voice while attempting to whisper. Spectrograms of TE whispering were most often categorized as “mostly voiced.” Speaking and articulation rates were slower for TE speakers. There was a significantly greater reduction in speaking rate from spoken to whisper for the TE group. Percent pause did not differ significantly between groups and speaking mode. TE speakers had a significantly smaller difference in dB sound pressure level between spoken and whisper modes.ConclusionsSome individuals using TE speech can whisper based on auditory-perceptual judgment, but most were perceived to be speaking during these attempts. The fact that some TE participants could whisper indicates the behavior is possible and might be considered a therapeutic target if it is of importance to an individual. The percentage of TE speakers who can learn to whisper, and the optimal training approach, are yet to be determined.



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The effect of sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus on speech recognition over air and bone conduction military communications headsets

Publication date: June 2017
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 349
Author(s): Candice Manning, Timothy Mermagen, Angelique Scharine
Military personnel are at risk for hearing loss due to noise exposure during deployment (USACHPPM, 2008). Despite mandated use of hearing protection, hearing loss and tinnitus are prevalent due to reluctance to use hearing protection. Bone conduction headsets can offer good speech intelligibility for normal hearing (NH) listeners while allowing the ears to remain open in quiet environments and the use of hearing protection when needed. Those who suffer from tinnitus, the experience of perceiving a sound not produced by an external source, often show degraded speech recognition; however, it is unclear whether this is a result of decreased hearing sensitivity or increased distractibility (Moon et al., 2015). It has been suggested that the vibratory stimulation of a bone conduction headset might ameliorate the effects of tinnitus on speech perception; however, there is currently no research to support or refute this claim (Hoare et al., 2014). Speech recognition of words presented over air conduction and bone conduction headsets was measured for three groups of listeners: NH, sensorineural hearing impaired, and/or tinnitus sufferers. Three levels of speech-to-noise (SNR = 0, −6, −12 dB) were created by embedding speech items in pink noise. Better speech recognition performance was observed with the bone conduction headset regardless of hearing profile, and speech intelligibility was a function of SNR. Discussion will include study limitations and the implications of these findings for those serving in the military.



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Impulsive noise: A brief review

Publication date: June 2017
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 349
Author(s): Rickie R. Davis, Odile Clavier




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Cochlear hair cell regeneration after noise-induced hearing loss: Does regeneration follow development?

Publication date: June 2017
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 349
Author(s): Fei Zheng, Jian Zuo
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) affects a large number of military personnel and civilians. Regenerating inner-ear cochlear hair cells (HCs) is a promising strategy to restore hearing after NIHL. In this review, we first summarize recent transcriptome profile analysis of zebrafish lateral lines and chick utricles where spontaneous HC regeneration occurs after HC damage. We then discuss recent studies in other mammalian regenerative systems such as pancreas, heart and central nervous system. Both spontaneous and forced HC regeneration occurs in mammalian cochleae in vivo involving proliferation and direct lineage conversion. However, both processes are inefficient and incomplete, and decline with age. For direct lineage conversion in vivo in cochleae and in other systems, further improvement requires multiple factors, including transcription, epigenetic and trophic factors, with appropriate stoichiometry in appropriate architectural niche. Increasing evidence from other systems indicates that the molecular paths of direct lineage conversion may be different from those of normal developmental lineages. We therefore hypothesize that HC regeneration does not have to follow HC development and that epigenetic memory of supporting cells influences the HC regeneration, which may be a key to successful cochlear HC regeneration. Finally, we discuss recent efforts in viral gene therapy and drug discovery for HC regeneration. We hope that combination therapy targeting multiple factors and epigenetic signaling pathways will provide promising avenues for HC regeneration in humans with NIHL and other types of hearing loss.



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Long-term noise exposures: A brief review

Publication date: June 2017
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 349
Author(s): Rickie Davis




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Editorial: Auditory injury – A military perspective

Publication date: June 2017
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 349
Author(s): Kurt Yankaskas, Tanisha Hammill, Mark Packer, Jian Zuo




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Auditory thalamic circuits and GABAA receptor function: Putative mechanisms in tinnitus pathology

Publication date: June 2017
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 349
Author(s): Donald M. Caspary, Daniel A. Llano
Tinnitus is defined as a phantom sound (ringing in the ears), and can significantly reduce the quality of life for those who suffer its effects. Ten to fifteen percent of the general adult population report symptoms of tinnitus with 1–2% reporting that tinnitus negatively impacts their quality of life. Noise exposure is the most common cause of tinnitus and the military environment presents many challenging high-noise situations. Military noise levels can be so intense that standard hearing protection is not adequate. Recent studies suggest a role for inhibitory neurotransmitter dysfunction in response to noise-induced peripheral deafferentation as a key element in the pathology of tinnitus. The auditory thalamus, or medial geniculate body (MGB), is an obligate auditory brain center in a unique position to gate the percept of sound as it projects to auditory cortex and to limbic structures. Both areas are thought to be involved in those individuals most impacted by tinnitus. For MGB, opposing hypotheses have posited either a tinnitus-related pathologic decrease or pathologic increase in GABAergic inhibition. In sensory thalamus, GABA mediates fast synaptic inhibition via synaptic GABAA receptors (GABAARs) as well as a persistent tonic inhibition via high-affinity extrasynaptic GABAARs and slow synaptic inhibition via GABABRs. Down-regulation of inhibitory neurotransmission, related to partial peripheral deafferentation, is consistently presented as partially underpinning neuronal hyperactivity seen in animal models of tinnitus. This maladaptive plasticity/Gain Control Theory of tinnitus pathology (see Auerbach et al., 2014; Richardson et al., 2012) is characterized by reduced inhibition associated with increased spontaneous and abnormal neuronal activity, including bursting and increased synchrony throughout much of the central auditory pathway. A competing hypothesis suggests that maladaptive oscillations between the MGB and auditory cortex, thalamocortical dysrhythmia, predict tinnitus pathology (De Ridder et al., 2015). These unusual oscillations/rhythms reflect net increased tonic inhibition in a subset of thalamocortical projection neurons resulting in abnormal bursting. Hyperpolarizing de-inactivation of T-type Ca2+ channels switches thalamocortical projection neurons into burst mode. Thalamocortical dysrhythmia originating in sensory thalamus has been postulated to underpin neuropathies including tinnitus and chronic pain. Here we review the relationship between noise-induced tinnitus and altered inhibition in the MGB.



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The effect of sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus on speech recognition over air and bone conduction military communications headsets

Publication date: June 2017
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 349
Author(s): Candice Manning, Timothy Mermagen, Angelique Scharine
Military personnel are at risk for hearing loss due to noise exposure during deployment (USACHPPM, 2008). Despite mandated use of hearing protection, hearing loss and tinnitus are prevalent due to reluctance to use hearing protection. Bone conduction headsets can offer good speech intelligibility for normal hearing (NH) listeners while allowing the ears to remain open in quiet environments and the use of hearing protection when needed. Those who suffer from tinnitus, the experience of perceiving a sound not produced by an external source, often show degraded speech recognition; however, it is unclear whether this is a result of decreased hearing sensitivity or increased distractibility (Moon et al., 2015). It has been suggested that the vibratory stimulation of a bone conduction headset might ameliorate the effects of tinnitus on speech perception; however, there is currently no research to support or refute this claim (Hoare et al., 2014). Speech recognition of words presented over air conduction and bone conduction headsets was measured for three groups of listeners: NH, sensorineural hearing impaired, and/or tinnitus sufferers. Three levels of speech-to-noise (SNR = 0, −6, −12 dB) were created by embedding speech items in pink noise. Better speech recognition performance was observed with the bone conduction headset regardless of hearing profile, and speech intelligibility was a function of SNR. Discussion will include study limitations and the implications of these findings for those serving in the military.



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Impulsive noise: A brief review

Publication date: June 2017
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 349
Author(s): Rickie R. Davis, Odile Clavier




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Cochlear hair cell regeneration after noise-induced hearing loss: Does regeneration follow development?

Publication date: June 2017
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 349
Author(s): Fei Zheng, Jian Zuo
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) affects a large number of military personnel and civilians. Regenerating inner-ear cochlear hair cells (HCs) is a promising strategy to restore hearing after NIHL. In this review, we first summarize recent transcriptome profile analysis of zebrafish lateral lines and chick utricles where spontaneous HC regeneration occurs after HC damage. We then discuss recent studies in other mammalian regenerative systems such as pancreas, heart and central nervous system. Both spontaneous and forced HC regeneration occurs in mammalian cochleae in vivo involving proliferation and direct lineage conversion. However, both processes are inefficient and incomplete, and decline with age. For direct lineage conversion in vivo in cochleae and in other systems, further improvement requires multiple factors, including transcription, epigenetic and trophic factors, with appropriate stoichiometry in appropriate architectural niche. Increasing evidence from other systems indicates that the molecular paths of direct lineage conversion may be different from those of normal developmental lineages. We therefore hypothesize that HC regeneration does not have to follow HC development and that epigenetic memory of supporting cells influences the HC regeneration, which may be a key to successful cochlear HC regeneration. Finally, we discuss recent efforts in viral gene therapy and drug discovery for HC regeneration. We hope that combination therapy targeting multiple factors and epigenetic signaling pathways will provide promising avenues for HC regeneration in humans with NIHL and other types of hearing loss.



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Long-term noise exposures: A brief review

Publication date: June 2017
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 349
Author(s): Rickie Davis




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Editorial: Auditory injury – A military perspective

Publication date: June 2017
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 349
Author(s): Kurt Yankaskas, Tanisha Hammill, Mark Packer, Jian Zuo




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Auditory thalamic circuits and GABAA receptor function: Putative mechanisms in tinnitus pathology

Publication date: June 2017
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 349
Author(s): Donald M. Caspary, Daniel A. Llano
Tinnitus is defined as a phantom sound (ringing in the ears), and can significantly reduce the quality of life for those who suffer its effects. Ten to fifteen percent of the general adult population report symptoms of tinnitus with 1–2% reporting that tinnitus negatively impacts their quality of life. Noise exposure is the most common cause of tinnitus and the military environment presents many challenging high-noise situations. Military noise levels can be so intense that standard hearing protection is not adequate. Recent studies suggest a role for inhibitory neurotransmitter dysfunction in response to noise-induced peripheral deafferentation as a key element in the pathology of tinnitus. The auditory thalamus, or medial geniculate body (MGB), is an obligate auditory brain center in a unique position to gate the percept of sound as it projects to auditory cortex and to limbic structures. Both areas are thought to be involved in those individuals most impacted by tinnitus. For MGB, opposing hypotheses have posited either a tinnitus-related pathologic decrease or pathologic increase in GABAergic inhibition. In sensory thalamus, GABA mediates fast synaptic inhibition via synaptic GABAA receptors (GABAARs) as well as a persistent tonic inhibition via high-affinity extrasynaptic GABAARs and slow synaptic inhibition via GABABRs. Down-regulation of inhibitory neurotransmission, related to partial peripheral deafferentation, is consistently presented as partially underpinning neuronal hyperactivity seen in animal models of tinnitus. This maladaptive plasticity/Gain Control Theory of tinnitus pathology (see Auerbach et al., 2014; Richardson et al., 2012) is characterized by reduced inhibition associated with increased spontaneous and abnormal neuronal activity, including bursting and increased synchrony throughout much of the central auditory pathway. A competing hypothesis suggests that maladaptive oscillations between the MGB and auditory cortex, thalamocortical dysrhythmia, predict tinnitus pathology (De Ridder et al., 2015). These unusual oscillations/rhythms reflect net increased tonic inhibition in a subset of thalamocortical projection neurons resulting in abnormal bursting. Hyperpolarizing de-inactivation of T-type Ca2+ channels switches thalamocortical projection neurons into burst mode. Thalamocortical dysrhythmia originating in sensory thalamus has been postulated to underpin neuropathies including tinnitus and chronic pain. Here we review the relationship between noise-induced tinnitus and altered inhibition in the MGB.



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Editorial: Auditory injury – A military perspective

Publication date: June 2017
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 349
Author(s): Kurt Yankaskas, Tanisha Hammill, Mark Packer, Jian Zuo




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Editorial: Auditory injury – A military perspective

Publication date: June 2017
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 349
Author(s): Kurt Yankaskas, Tanisha Hammill, Mark Packer, Jian Zuo




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Editorial: Auditory injury – A military perspective

Publication date: June 2017
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 349
Author(s): Kurt Yankaskas, Tanisha Hammill, Mark Packer, Jian Zuo




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Amazing Tinnitus TED Talk: “Help is on the way”

I’d encourage all of you to watch this wonderful lecture from Josef Rauschecker, a tinnitus researcher with decades of experience.

In this talk, he reviews the mechanism of how tinnitus occurs in the brain, and reviews possible directions for future treatment.



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POU4F3 mutation screening in Japanese hearing loss patients: Massively parallel DNA sequencing-based analysis identified novel variants associated with autosomal dominant hearing loss

by Tomohiro Kitano, Maiko Miyagawa, Shin-ya Nishio, Hideaki Moteki, Kiyoshi Oda, Kenji Ohyama, Hiromitsu Miyazaki, Hiroshi Hidaka, Ken-ichi Nakamura, Takaaki Murata, Rina Matsuoka, Yoko Ohta, Nobuhiro Nishiyama, Kozo Kumakawa, Sakiko Furutate, Satoshi Iwasaki, Takechiyo Yamada, Yumi Ohta, Natsumi Uehara, Yoshihiro Noguchi, Shin-ichi Usami

A variant in a transcription factor gene, POU4F3, is responsible for autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hereditary hearing loss, DFNA15. To date, 14 variants, including a whole deletion of POU4F3, have been reported to cause HL in various ethnic groups. In the present study, genetic screening for POU4F3 variants was carried out for a large series of Japanese hearing loss (HL) patients to clarify the prevalence and clinical characteristics of DFNA15 in the Japanese population. Massively parallel DNA sequencing of 68 target candidate genes was utilized in 2,549 unrelated Japanese HL patients (probands) to identify genomic variations responsible for HL. The detailed clinical features in patients with POU4F3 variants were collected from medical charts and analyzed. Novel 12 POU4F3 likely pathogenic variants (six missense variants, three frameshift variants, and three nonsense variants) were successfully identified in 15 probands (2.5%) among 602 families exhibiting autosomal dominant HL, whereas no variants were detected in the other 1,947 probands with autosomal recessive or inheritance pattern unknown HL. To obtain the audiovestibular configuration of the patients harboring POU4F3 variants, we collected audiograms and vestibular symptoms of the probands and their affected family members. Audiovestibular phenotypes in a total of 24 individuals from the 15 families possessing variants were characterized by progressive HL, with a large variation in the onset age and severity with or without vestibular symptoms observed. Pure-tone audiograms indicated the most prevalent configuration as mid-frequency HL type followed by high-frequency HL type, with asymmetry observed in approximately 20% of affected individuals. Analysis of the relationship between age and pure-tone average suggested that individuals with truncating variants showed earlier onset and slower progression of HL than did those with non-truncating variants. The present study showed that variants in POU4F3 were a common cause of autosomal dominant HL.

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Delayed Effect of Active Pressure Treatment on Endolymphatic Hydrops

Objective: To identify eventual correlations between the effect of low-pressure treatment and endolymphatic hydrops in Ménière patients. Material and Methods: The study group consisted of subjects affected by definite Ménière disease (2015) and a severe degree of disability, who received a ventilation tube with or without a low-pressure treatment before undergoing a surgical procedure (vestibular neurectomy). After the placement of the ventilation tube, the subjects were either left alone with the tube or received 1 month of self-administered low-pressure therapy with a portable device. In all subjects, an electrocochleography (ECochG) was performed and specific questionnaires - Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and Functional Scale Level (FSL) - were completed before starting either arm of treatment, at the end of treatment, and then 3 and 6 months later. Results: All selected subjects presented with an ECochG pattern that was indicative of endolymphatic hydrops before starting either treatment. At the end of pressure treatment, 80% showed symptomatic improvement while maintaining the hydropic ECochG pattern. At the 3-month control stage, the hydropic pattern resulted normalized (Conclusions: Although 1 month of low-pressure treatment provided a positive symptomatological outcome, normalization of the hydropic ECochG parameters occurred only at a later time. Therefore, it is possible to assume that endolymphatic hydrops could be concurrent with a non-symptomatic stage of Ménière disease, and that the anti-hydropic effect of the low-pressure treatment, if any, would present with a certain delay after its completion.
Audiol Neurotol 2017;22:24-29

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Use of technological aids and interpretation services among children and adults with hearing loss

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Use of technological aids and interpretation services among children and adults with hearing loss

.


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Use of technological aids and interpretation services among children and adults with hearing loss

.


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Use of technological aids and interpretation services among children and adults with hearing loss

.


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Use of technological aids and interpretation services among children and adults with hearing loss

.


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Use of technological aids and interpretation services among children and adults with hearing loss.

Use of technological aids and interpretation services among children and adults with hearing loss.

Int J Audiol. 2017 May 16;:1-9

Authors: Dammeyer J, Lehane C, Marschark M

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The technological development of communication aids for people with hearing loss has progressed rapidly over the last decades. Quality has improved and the number of different types of aids has increased. However, few studies have examined the prevalence of technology use and interpreting services use among people with hearing loss as they relate to demographic characteristics of this population.
DESIGN: This study reports from national surveys of children and adults with hearing loss. Use of hearing aids, cochlear implants, other aids and interpreting services were analysed with regard to gender, age, degree of hearing loss, mode of communication, having an additional disability, level of educational achievement among adults, and whether or not children lived together with both of their parents.
STUDY SAMPLE: 269 children (0-15 years of age) and 839 adults (16-65 years of age).
RESULTS: Differences in technology and service use were associated with age, degree of hearing loss, and mode of communication among children and adults, and gender and level of educational achievement among adults.
CONCLUSION: Individual and social factors have an impact on technological hearing aid and interpreter use. More research about individual differences and clinical implications of support services is needed.

PMID: 28509597 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Use of technological aids and interpretation services among children and adults with hearing loss.

Use of technological aids and interpretation services among children and adults with hearing loss.

Int J Audiol. 2017 May 16;:1-9

Authors: Dammeyer J, Lehane C, Marschark M

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The technological development of communication aids for people with hearing loss has progressed rapidly over the last decades. Quality has improved and the number of different types of aids has increased. However, few studies have examined the prevalence of technology use and interpreting services use among people with hearing loss as they relate to demographic characteristics of this population.
DESIGN: This study reports from national surveys of children and adults with hearing loss. Use of hearing aids, cochlear implants, other aids and interpreting services were analysed with regard to gender, age, degree of hearing loss, mode of communication, having an additional disability, level of educational achievement among adults, and whether or not children lived together with both of their parents.
STUDY SAMPLE: 269 children (0-15 years of age) and 839 adults (16-65 years of age).
RESULTS: Differences in technology and service use were associated with age, degree of hearing loss, and mode of communication among children and adults, and gender and level of educational achievement among adults.
CONCLUSION: Individual and social factors have an impact on technological hearing aid and interpreter use. More research about individual differences and clinical implications of support services is needed.

PMID: 28509597 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2qvlSGo
via IFTTT

Use of technological aids and interpretation services among children and adults with hearing loss.

Use of technological aids and interpretation services among children and adults with hearing loss.

Int J Audiol. 2017 May 16;:1-9

Authors: Dammeyer J, Lehane C, Marschark M

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The technological development of communication aids for people with hearing loss has progressed rapidly over the last decades. Quality has improved and the number of different types of aids has increased. However, few studies have examined the prevalence of technology use and interpreting services use among people with hearing loss as they relate to demographic characteristics of this population.
DESIGN: This study reports from national surveys of children and adults with hearing loss. Use of hearing aids, cochlear implants, other aids and interpreting services were analysed with regard to gender, age, degree of hearing loss, mode of communication, having an additional disability, level of educational achievement among adults, and whether or not children lived together with both of their parents.
STUDY SAMPLE: 269 children (0-15 years of age) and 839 adults (16-65 years of age).
RESULTS: Differences in technology and service use were associated with age, degree of hearing loss, and mode of communication among children and adults, and gender and level of educational achievement among adults.
CONCLUSION: Individual and social factors have an impact on technological hearing aid and interpreter use. More research about individual differences and clinical implications of support services is needed.

PMID: 28509597 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2qvlSGo
via IFTTT

Use of technological aids and interpretation services among children and adults with hearing loss.

Use of technological aids and interpretation services among children and adults with hearing loss.

Int J Audiol. 2017 May 16;:1-9

Authors: Dammeyer J, Lehane C, Marschark M

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The technological development of communication aids for people with hearing loss has progressed rapidly over the last decades. Quality has improved and the number of different types of aids has increased. However, few studies have examined the prevalence of technology use and interpreting services use among people with hearing loss as they relate to demographic characteristics of this population.
DESIGN: This study reports from national surveys of children and adults with hearing loss. Use of hearing aids, cochlear implants, other aids and interpreting services were analysed with regard to gender, age, degree of hearing loss, mode of communication, having an additional disability, level of educational achievement among adults, and whether or not children lived together with both of their parents.
STUDY SAMPLE: 269 children (0-15 years of age) and 839 adults (16-65 years of age).
RESULTS: Differences in technology and service use were associated with age, degree of hearing loss, and mode of communication among children and adults, and gender and level of educational achievement among adults.
CONCLUSION: Individual and social factors have an impact on technological hearing aid and interpreter use. More research about individual differences and clinical implications of support services is needed.

PMID: 28509597 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2qvlSGo
via IFTTT