Atención temprana y prácticas centradas en la familia: a propósito de un caso

Publication date: Available online 12 September 2016
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Margarita Cañadas Pérez, Claudia Tatiana Escorcia Mora, Gabriel Martínez Rico, Mónica Alonso Martín, Virginia Ayuso Blázquez, Miriam Domenech Varea, Iván Franco Castellano, Elisa Moltó Soler, Montserrat Roca Hurtuna, Anna Santandreu García, Clara Sanchís Martínez
En atención temprana la evidencia científica pone de manifiesto la eficacia y eficiencia de las prácticas centradas en la familia y en entornos naturales. Las intervenciones con niños que padecen una discapacidad o se encuentran en una situación de riesgo deben permitir la participación de las familias y/o los profesores. Las prácticas que generan competencias en los cuidadores del niño son las que favorecen el desarrollo en sus rutinas y contextos habituales. En este trabajo presentamos el análisis de un caso que ejemplifica cómo los aspectos teóricos pueden trasladarse a la esfera de la práctica diaria.Se muestran los aspectos clave de la intervención con prácticas centradas en la familia y en entornos naturales siguiendo el modelo basado en rutinas. Se describen el plan individual de apoyo a la familia y los apoyos educativos de una niña desde su evaluación inicial, descripción de objetivos funcionales, plan de intervención y seguimiento. Como resultado de la intervención, se observa una mejora en el desarrollo funcional de la pequeña y tanto la familia como la profesora se sienten más competentes, empoderados y con mejor calidad de vida familiar. Queda reflejada la importancia del trabajo transdisciplinar, la colaboración entre diferentes agentes sociales y el indiscutible papel de la familia durante todo el proceso.Scientific evidence demonstrates in Early Intervention the effectiveness and efficiency of family-centered practices and natural environments. Interventions with children who have a disability or are at a risk should allow participation of families and/or teachers. The practices must generate skills in the child's caregivers to promote the development of their usual routines and contexts. This paper presents the analysis of a case that exemplifies how the theoretical aspects can be transferred to the sphere of daily practice.We use de Routines Based Model to shown the intervention. The Individual Family Support Plan describes the service: Initial assessment, functional objectives, intervention plan and monitoring. As a result of the intervention, we can see the improvement in the functional development and we observe the family and the teacher feel more competent, empowered and better family quality of family life. The importance of transdisciplinary work, collaboration between different social agents and the undisputed role of the family throughout the process is reflected.



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Atención temprana y prácticas centradas en la familia: a propósito de un caso

Publication date: Available online 12 September 2016
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Margarita Cañadas Pérez, Claudia Tatiana Escorcia Mora, Gabriel Martínez Rico, Mónica Alonso Martín, Virginia Ayuso Blázquez, Miriam Domenech Varea, Iván Franco Castellano, Elisa Moltó Soler, Montserrat Roca Hurtuna, Anna Santandreu García, Clara Sanchís Martínez
En atención temprana la evidencia científica pone de manifiesto la eficacia y eficiencia de las prácticas centradas en la familia y en entornos naturales. Las intervenciones con niños que padecen una discapacidad o se encuentran en una situación de riesgo deben permitir la participación de las familias y/o los profesores. Las prácticas que generan competencias en los cuidadores del niño son las que favorecen el desarrollo en sus rutinas y contextos habituales. En este trabajo presentamos el análisis de un caso que ejemplifica cómo los aspectos teóricos pueden trasladarse a la esfera de la práctica diaria.Se muestran los aspectos clave de la intervención con prácticas centradas en la familia y en entornos naturales siguiendo el modelo basado en rutinas. Se describen el plan individual de apoyo a la familia y los apoyos educativos de una niña desde su evaluación inicial, descripción de objetivos funcionales, plan de intervención y seguimiento. Como resultado de la intervención, se observa una mejora en el desarrollo funcional de la pequeña y tanto la familia como la profesora se sienten más competentes, empoderados y con mejor calidad de vida familiar. Queda reflejada la importancia del trabajo transdisciplinar, la colaboración entre diferentes agentes sociales y el indiscutible papel de la familia durante todo el proceso.Scientific evidence demonstrates in Early Intervention the effectiveness and efficiency of family-centered practices and natural environments. Interventions with children who have a disability or are at a risk should allow participation of families and/or teachers. The practices must generate skills in the child's caregivers to promote the development of their usual routines and contexts. This paper presents the analysis of a case that exemplifies how the theoretical aspects can be transferred to the sphere of daily practice.We use de Routines Based Model to shown the intervention. The Individual Family Support Plan describes the service: Initial assessment, functional objectives, intervention plan and monitoring. As a result of the intervention, we can see the improvement in the functional development and we observe the family and the teacher feel more competent, empowered and better family quality of family life. The importance of transdisciplinary work, collaboration between different social agents and the undisputed role of the family throughout the process is reflected.



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Atención temprana y prácticas centradas en la familia: a propósito de un caso

Publication date: Available online 12 September 2016
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Margarita Cañadas Pérez, Claudia Tatiana Escorcia Mora, Gabriel Martínez Rico, Mónica Alonso Martín, Virginia Ayuso Blázquez, Miriam Domenech Varea, Iván Franco Castellano, Elisa Moltó Soler, Montserrat Roca Hurtuna, Anna Santandreu García, Clara Sanchís Martínez
En atención temprana la evidencia científica pone de manifiesto la eficacia y eficiencia de las prácticas centradas en la familia y en entornos naturales. Las intervenciones con niños que padecen una discapacidad o se encuentran en una situación de riesgo deben permitir la participación de las familias y/o los profesores. Las prácticas que generan competencias en los cuidadores del niño son las que favorecen el desarrollo en sus rutinas y contextos habituales. En este trabajo presentamos el análisis de un caso que ejemplifica cómo los aspectos teóricos pueden trasladarse a la esfera de la práctica diaria.Se muestran los aspectos clave de la intervención con prácticas centradas en la familia y en entornos naturales siguiendo el modelo basado en rutinas. Se describen el plan individual de apoyo a la familia y los apoyos educativos de una niña desde su evaluación inicial, descripción de objetivos funcionales, plan de intervención y seguimiento. Como resultado de la intervención, se observa una mejora en el desarrollo funcional de la pequeña y tanto la familia como la profesora se sienten más competentes, empoderados y con mejor calidad de vida familiar. Queda reflejada la importancia del trabajo transdisciplinar, la colaboración entre diferentes agentes sociales y el indiscutible papel de la familia durante todo el proceso.Scientific evidence demonstrates in Early Intervention the effectiveness and efficiency of family-centered practices and natural environments. Interventions with children who have a disability or are at a risk should allow participation of families and/or teachers. The practices must generate skills in the child's caregivers to promote the development of their usual routines and contexts. This paper presents the analysis of a case that exemplifies how the theoretical aspects can be transferred to the sphere of daily practice.We use de Routines Based Model to shown the intervention. The Individual Family Support Plan describes the service: Initial assessment, functional objectives, intervention plan and monitoring. As a result of the intervention, we can see the improvement in the functional development and we observe the family and the teacher feel more competent, empowered and better family quality of family life. The importance of transdisciplinary work, collaboration between different social agents and the undisputed role of the family throughout the process is reflected.



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A complex baleen whale call recorded in the Mariana Trench Marine National Monument

In fall 2014 and spring 2015, passive acoustic data were collected via autonomous gliders east of Guam in an area that included the Mariana Trench Marine National Monument. A short (2–4 s), complex sound was recorded that features a ∼38 Hz moan with both harmonics and amplitude modulation, followed by broad-frequency metallic-sounding sweeps up to 7.5 kHz. This sound was recorded regularly during both fall and spring surveys. Aurally, the sound is quite unusual and most resembles the minke whale “Star Wars” call. It is likely this sound is biological and produced by a baleen whale.

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The effects of acute experimental hip muscle pain on dynamic single-limb balance performance in healthy middle-aged adults

Publication date: Available online 9 September 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Anna L. Hatton, François Hug, Sarah H. Chen, Christine Reid, Nicole A. Sorensen, Kylie Tucker
Middle-aged adults with painful hip conditions show balance impairments that are consistent with an increased risk of falls. Pathological changes at the hip, accompanied by pain, may accelerate pre-existing age-related balance deficits present in midlife. To consider the influence of pain alone, we investigated the effects of acute experimental hip muscle pain on dynamic single-limb balance in middle-aged adults. Thirty-four healthy adults aged 40–60 years formed two groups (Group-1: n=16; Group-2: n=18). Participants performed four tasks: Reactive Sideways Stepping (ReactSide); Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT); Step Test; Single-Limb Squat; before and after an injection of hypertonic saline into the right gluteus medius muscle (Group-1) or ∼5minutes rest (Group-2). Balance measures included the range and standard deviation of centre of pressure (CoP) movement in mediolateral and anterior-posterior directions, and CoP total path velocity (ReactSide, Squat); reach distance (SEBT); and number of completed steps (Step Test). Data were assessed using three-way analysis of variance. Motor outcomes were altered during the second repetition of tasks irrespective of exposure to experimental hip muscle pain or rest, with reduced SEBT anterior reach (−1.2±4.1cm, P=0.027); greater step number during Step Test (1.5±1.7 steps, P<0.001); and slower CoP velocity during Single-Limb Squat (−4.9±9.4mm.s⁻¹, P=0.024). Factors other than the presence of pain may play a greater role in balance impairments in middle-aged adults with hip pathologies.



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Reliability of the OptoGait portable photoelectric cell system for the quantification of spatial-temporal parameters of gait in young adults

Publication date: Available online 9 September 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Antonio Gomez Bernal., Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo, Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias
Determining progress in gait requires a reliable method. However, achieving standard assessment results in the clinical setting can be challenging. Searching for a reliable tool, we tested OptoGait, a tool that has floor-level, high-density photoelectric cells that can be used to determine patterns of spatial-temporal gait on the basis of 19 variables: step length, stride length, distance, total contact time, step time, walking speed, acceleration, progressive step time, cadence, gait cycle, stance phase, swing phase, heel contact phase, flatfoot phase, takeoff phase, single limb support, double limb support, load response phase, and pre-swing phase. The gait of 126 study participants (41 males, 85 females; 27.37±1.77 years) was assessed twice for each participant during 10 episodes of walking on a 10m walkway each 2 weeks apart. Intra-session and inter-session results were compared using data for each foot alone as well as both feet together. All variables resulted in a high consistency except for acceleration. The intra-session data showed substantial agreement; the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) ranged from 0.72–0.78 in the heel contact phase, 0.72–0.76 in the load response phase, and 0.76–0.85 in the pre-swing phase and a low SEM. The inter-session data for each foot alone and both feet together showed substantial agreement (0.77–0.79 in the load response phase) and slight agreement for acceleration (0.06–0.22) with a low SEM. Based on these results, we conclude that the OptoGait system can be used with confidence to evaluate spatial-temporal gait except for acceleration and progressive step time assessment.



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ADAPTIVE GAIT RESPONSES TO AWARENESS OF AN IMPENDING SLIP DURING TREADMILL WALKING

Publication date: Available online 9 September 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Feng Yang, JaeEun Kim, Jose Munoz
The awareness of potential slip risk has been shown to cause protective changes to human gait during overground walking. It remains unknown if such adaptations to walking pattern also exist when ambulating on a treadmill. This study sought to determine whether and to what extent individuals, when being aware of a potential slip risk during treadmill walking, could adjust their gait pattern to improve their dynamic stability against backward balance loss in response to the impending slip hazard. Fifty-four healthy young subjects (age: 23.9±4.7years) participated in this study. Subjects’ gait pattern was measured under two conditions: walking on a treadmill without (or normal walking) and with (or aware walking) the awareness of the potential slip perturbation. During both walking conditions, subjects’ full body kinematics were gathered by using a motion capture system. Spatial gait parameters and the dynamic gait stability against backward balance were compared between the two walking conditions. The results revealed that subjects proactively adopted a “cautious gait” during aware walking compared with the normal walking. The cautious gait, which was achieved by taking a shorter step and a more flatfoot landing, positioned the body center of mass closer to the base of support, improving participants’ dynamic stability and increasing their resistance against a slip-related fall. The finding from this study could provide insights into the dynamic stability control when individuals anticipate potential slip risk during treadmill walking.



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On the use of knee functional calibration to determine the medio-lateral axis of the femur in gait analysis: comparison with EOS biplanar radiographs as reference

Publication date: Available online 9 September 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Christophe Sauret, Hélène Pillet, Wafa Skalli, Morgan Sangeux
Accurate calibration of the medio-lateral axis of the femur is crucial for clinical decision making based on gait analysis. This study proposes a protocol utilizing biplanar radiographs to provide a reference medio-lateral axis based on the anatomy of the femur. The biplanar radiographs allowed 3D modelling of the bones of the lower limbs and the markers used for motion capture, in the standing posture. A comprehensive analysis was performed and results from biplanar radiographs were reliable for 3D marker localization (±0.35mm) and for 3D localization of the anatomical landmarks (±1mm), leading to a precision of 1° for the orientation of the condylar axis of the femur and a 95% confidence interval of ±3° after registration with motion capture data. The anatomical condylar axis was compared to a conventional, marker-based, axis and three functional calibration techniques (axis transformation, geometric axis fit and DynaKAD). Results for the conventional method show an average difference with the condylar axis of 15° (SD: 6°). Results indicate DynaKAD functional axis was the closest to the anatomical condylar axis, mean: 1° (SD: 5°) when applied to passive knee flexion movement. However, the range of the results exceeded 15° for all methods. Hence, the use of biplanar radiographs, or an alternative imaging technique, may be required to locate the medio-lateral axis of the femur reliably prior to clinical decision making for femur derotational osteotomies.



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The effects of acute experimental hip muscle pain on dynamic single-limb balance performance in healthy middle-aged adults

Publication date: Available online 9 September 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Anna L. Hatton, François Hug, Sarah H. Chen, Christine Reid, Nicole A. Sorensen, Kylie Tucker
Middle-aged adults with painful hip conditions show balance impairments that are consistent with an increased risk of falls. Pathological changes at the hip, accompanied by pain, may accelerate pre-existing age-related balance deficits present in midlife. To consider the influence of pain alone, we investigated the effects of acute experimental hip muscle pain on dynamic single-limb balance in middle-aged adults. Thirty-four healthy adults aged 40–60 years formed two groups (Group-1: n=16; Group-2: n=18). Participants performed four tasks: Reactive Sideways Stepping (ReactSide); Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT); Step Test; Single-Limb Squat; before and after an injection of hypertonic saline into the right gluteus medius muscle (Group-1) or ∼5minutes rest (Group-2). Balance measures included the range and standard deviation of centre of pressure (CoP) movement in mediolateral and anterior-posterior directions, and CoP total path velocity (ReactSide, Squat); reach distance (SEBT); and number of completed steps (Step Test). Data were assessed using three-way analysis of variance. Motor outcomes were altered during the second repetition of tasks irrespective of exposure to experimental hip muscle pain or rest, with reduced SEBT anterior reach (−1.2±4.1cm, P=0.027); greater step number during Step Test (1.5±1.7 steps, P<0.001); and slower CoP velocity during Single-Limb Squat (−4.9±9.4mm.s⁻¹, P=0.024). Factors other than the presence of pain may play a greater role in balance impairments in middle-aged adults with hip pathologies.



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Reliability of the OptoGait portable photoelectric cell system for the quantification of spatial-temporal parameters of gait in young adults

Publication date: Available online 9 September 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Antonio Gomez Bernal., Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo, Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias
Determining progress in gait requires a reliable method. However, achieving standard assessment results in the clinical setting can be challenging. Searching for a reliable tool, we tested OptoGait, a tool that has floor-level, high-density photoelectric cells that can be used to determine patterns of spatial-temporal gait on the basis of 19 variables: step length, stride length, distance, total contact time, step time, walking speed, acceleration, progressive step time, cadence, gait cycle, stance phase, swing phase, heel contact phase, flatfoot phase, takeoff phase, single limb support, double limb support, load response phase, and pre-swing phase. The gait of 126 study participants (41 males, 85 females; 27.37±1.77 years) was assessed twice for each participant during 10 episodes of walking on a 10m walkway each 2 weeks apart. Intra-session and inter-session results were compared using data for each foot alone as well as both feet together. All variables resulted in a high consistency except for acceleration. The intra-session data showed substantial agreement; the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) ranged from 0.72–0.78 in the heel contact phase, 0.72–0.76 in the load response phase, and 0.76–0.85 in the pre-swing phase and a low SEM. The inter-session data for each foot alone and both feet together showed substantial agreement (0.77–0.79 in the load response phase) and slight agreement for acceleration (0.06–0.22) with a low SEM. Based on these results, we conclude that the OptoGait system can be used with confidence to evaluate spatial-temporal gait except for acceleration and progressive step time assessment.



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ADAPTIVE GAIT RESPONSES TO AWARENESS OF AN IMPENDING SLIP DURING TREADMILL WALKING

Publication date: Available online 9 September 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Feng Yang, JaeEun Kim, Jose Munoz
The awareness of potential slip risk has been shown to cause protective changes to human gait during overground walking. It remains unknown if such adaptations to walking pattern also exist when ambulating on a treadmill. This study sought to determine whether and to what extent individuals, when being aware of a potential slip risk during treadmill walking, could adjust their gait pattern to improve their dynamic stability against backward balance loss in response to the impending slip hazard. Fifty-four healthy young subjects (age: 23.9±4.7years) participated in this study. Subjects’ gait pattern was measured under two conditions: walking on a treadmill without (or normal walking) and with (or aware walking) the awareness of the potential slip perturbation. During both walking conditions, subjects’ full body kinematics were gathered by using a motion capture system. Spatial gait parameters and the dynamic gait stability against backward balance were compared between the two walking conditions. The results revealed that subjects proactively adopted a “cautious gait” during aware walking compared with the normal walking. The cautious gait, which was achieved by taking a shorter step and a more flatfoot landing, positioned the body center of mass closer to the base of support, improving participants’ dynamic stability and increasing their resistance against a slip-related fall. The finding from this study could provide insights into the dynamic stability control when individuals anticipate potential slip risk during treadmill walking.



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On the use of knee functional calibration to determine the medio-lateral axis of the femur in gait analysis: comparison with EOS biplanar radiographs as reference

Publication date: Available online 9 September 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Christophe Sauret, Hélène Pillet, Wafa Skalli, Morgan Sangeux
Accurate calibration of the medio-lateral axis of the femur is crucial for clinical decision making based on gait analysis. This study proposes a protocol utilizing biplanar radiographs to provide a reference medio-lateral axis based on the anatomy of the femur. The biplanar radiographs allowed 3D modelling of the bones of the lower limbs and the markers used for motion capture, in the standing posture. A comprehensive analysis was performed and results from biplanar radiographs were reliable for 3D marker localization (±0.35mm) and for 3D localization of the anatomical landmarks (±1mm), leading to a precision of 1° for the orientation of the condylar axis of the femur and a 95% confidence interval of ±3° after registration with motion capture data. The anatomical condylar axis was compared to a conventional, marker-based, axis and three functional calibration techniques (axis transformation, geometric axis fit and DynaKAD). Results for the conventional method show an average difference with the condylar axis of 15° (SD: 6°). Results indicate DynaKAD functional axis was the closest to the anatomical condylar axis, mean: 1° (SD: 5°) when applied to passive knee flexion movement. However, the range of the results exceeded 15° for all methods. Hence, the use of biplanar radiographs, or an alternative imaging technique, may be required to locate the medio-lateral axis of the femur reliably prior to clinical decision making for femur derotational osteotomies.



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The effects of acute experimental hip muscle pain on dynamic single-limb balance performance in healthy middle-aged adults

Publication date: Available online 9 September 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Anna L. Hatton, François Hug, Sarah H. Chen, Christine Reid, Nicole A. Sorensen, Kylie Tucker
Middle-aged adults with painful hip conditions show balance impairments that are consistent with an increased risk of falls. Pathological changes at the hip, accompanied by pain, may accelerate pre-existing age-related balance deficits present in midlife. To consider the influence of pain alone, we investigated the effects of acute experimental hip muscle pain on dynamic single-limb balance in middle-aged adults. Thirty-four healthy adults aged 40–60 years formed two groups (Group-1: n=16; Group-2: n=18). Participants performed four tasks: Reactive Sideways Stepping (ReactSide); Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT); Step Test; Single-Limb Squat; before and after an injection of hypertonic saline into the right gluteus medius muscle (Group-1) or ∼5minutes rest (Group-2). Balance measures included the range and standard deviation of centre of pressure (CoP) movement in mediolateral and anterior-posterior directions, and CoP total path velocity (ReactSide, Squat); reach distance (SEBT); and number of completed steps (Step Test). Data were assessed using three-way analysis of variance. Motor outcomes were altered during the second repetition of tasks irrespective of exposure to experimental hip muscle pain or rest, with reduced SEBT anterior reach (−1.2±4.1cm, P=0.027); greater step number during Step Test (1.5±1.7 steps, P<0.001); and slower CoP velocity during Single-Limb Squat (−4.9±9.4mm.s⁻¹, P=0.024). Factors other than the presence of pain may play a greater role in balance impairments in middle-aged adults with hip pathologies.



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Reliability of the OptoGait portable photoelectric cell system for the quantification of spatial-temporal parameters of gait in young adults

Publication date: Available online 9 September 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Antonio Gomez Bernal., Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo, Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias
Determining progress in gait requires a reliable method. However, achieving standard assessment results in the clinical setting can be challenging. Searching for a reliable tool, we tested OptoGait, a tool that has floor-level, high-density photoelectric cells that can be used to determine patterns of spatial-temporal gait on the basis of 19 variables: step length, stride length, distance, total contact time, step time, walking speed, acceleration, progressive step time, cadence, gait cycle, stance phase, swing phase, heel contact phase, flatfoot phase, takeoff phase, single limb support, double limb support, load response phase, and pre-swing phase. The gait of 126 study participants (41 males, 85 females; 27.37±1.77 years) was assessed twice for each participant during 10 episodes of walking on a 10m walkway each 2 weeks apart. Intra-session and inter-session results were compared using data for each foot alone as well as both feet together. All variables resulted in a high consistency except for acceleration. The intra-session data showed substantial agreement; the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) ranged from 0.72–0.78 in the heel contact phase, 0.72–0.76 in the load response phase, and 0.76–0.85 in the pre-swing phase and a low SEM. The inter-session data for each foot alone and both feet together showed substantial agreement (0.77–0.79 in the load response phase) and slight agreement for acceleration (0.06–0.22) with a low SEM. Based on these results, we conclude that the OptoGait system can be used with confidence to evaluate spatial-temporal gait except for acceleration and progressive step time assessment.



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ADAPTIVE GAIT RESPONSES TO AWARENESS OF AN IMPENDING SLIP DURING TREADMILL WALKING

Publication date: Available online 9 September 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Feng Yang, JaeEun Kim, Jose Munoz
The awareness of potential slip risk has been shown to cause protective changes to human gait during overground walking. It remains unknown if such adaptations to walking pattern also exist when ambulating on a treadmill. This study sought to determine whether and to what extent individuals, when being aware of a potential slip risk during treadmill walking, could adjust their gait pattern to improve their dynamic stability against backward balance loss in response to the impending slip hazard. Fifty-four healthy young subjects (age: 23.9±4.7years) participated in this study. Subjects’ gait pattern was measured under two conditions: walking on a treadmill without (or normal walking) and with (or aware walking) the awareness of the potential slip perturbation. During both walking conditions, subjects’ full body kinematics were gathered by using a motion capture system. Spatial gait parameters and the dynamic gait stability against backward balance were compared between the two walking conditions. The results revealed that subjects proactively adopted a “cautious gait” during aware walking compared with the normal walking. The cautious gait, which was achieved by taking a shorter step and a more flatfoot landing, positioned the body center of mass closer to the base of support, improving participants’ dynamic stability and increasing their resistance against a slip-related fall. The finding from this study could provide insights into the dynamic stability control when individuals anticipate potential slip risk during treadmill walking.



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On the use of knee functional calibration to determine the medio-lateral axis of the femur in gait analysis: comparison with EOS biplanar radiographs as reference

Publication date: Available online 9 September 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Christophe Sauret, Hélène Pillet, Wafa Skalli, Morgan Sangeux
Accurate calibration of the medio-lateral axis of the femur is crucial for clinical decision making based on gait analysis. This study proposes a protocol utilizing biplanar radiographs to provide a reference medio-lateral axis based on the anatomy of the femur. The biplanar radiographs allowed 3D modelling of the bones of the lower limbs and the markers used for motion capture, in the standing posture. A comprehensive analysis was performed and results from biplanar radiographs were reliable for 3D marker localization (±0.35mm) and for 3D localization of the anatomical landmarks (±1mm), leading to a precision of 1° for the orientation of the condylar axis of the femur and a 95% confidence interval of ±3° after registration with motion capture data. The anatomical condylar axis was compared to a conventional, marker-based, axis and three functional calibration techniques (axis transformation, geometric axis fit and DynaKAD). Results for the conventional method show an average difference with the condylar axis of 15° (SD: 6°). Results indicate DynaKAD functional axis was the closest to the anatomical condylar axis, mean: 1° (SD: 5°) when applied to passive knee flexion movement. However, the range of the results exceeded 15° for all methods. Hence, the use of biplanar radiographs, or an alternative imaging technique, may be required to locate the medio-lateral axis of the femur reliably prior to clinical decision making for femur derotational osteotomies.



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Educational, employment, and social participation of young adult graduates from the paediatric Southern Cochlear Implant Programme, New Zealand.

Related Articles

Educational, employment, and social participation of young adult graduates from the paediatric Southern Cochlear Implant Programme, New Zealand.

Cochlear Implants Int. 2016;17(1):31-51

Authors: Goh T, Bird P, Pearson J, Mustard J

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to observe the education and vocational achievements and social participation of cochlear implant recipients as they graduate from a paediatric cochlear implant programme and identify any significant associations that might exist.
METHOD: This study identified 56 patients from the Southern Cochlear Implant Programme (SCIP) who received cochlear implants before the age of 19 (paediatric) and are now over the age of 19 (adult). A questionnaire investigated their education, employment, and identity with the hearing and deaf communities. Also included were the satisfaction with life scale and Hearing Participation Scale (HPS). Subjects ranged in age from 19 to 32.
RESULTS: Twenty-six patients responded to the questionnaire, including one non-user. Twenty identified strongly or very strongly with the hearing community. There was weak evidence of a linear association between strong identity with the hearing community and a higher HPS score. No other statistically significant associations were detected. Interestingly, 12 out of 26 participants found employment through family.
CONCLUSION: Positive outcome trends in education and employment were seen in this study although no statistical significance was achieved. There is a strong bias for those who use their cochlear implants regularly, and there are no data available for those who do not use their cochlear implants for comparison as only one non-user completed the survey, despite efforts to include this group. This study shows that there is perceived benefit in implantation for patients who use it regularly but further research is needed with a more diverse group of cochlear implant recipients.

PMID: 26214230 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Additional difficulties associated with aetiologies of deafness: outcomes from a parent questionnaire of 540 children using cochlear implants.

Related Articles

Additional difficulties associated with aetiologies of deafness: outcomes from a parent questionnaire of 540 children using cochlear implants.

Cochlear Implants Int. 2016;17(1):21-30

Authors: Inscoe JR, Bones C

Abstract
AIM: To update our clinical records of additional difficulties and significant health issues of children receiving cochlear implants (CIs) at the Nottingham Auditory Implant Programme, to investigate possible trends in cohorts of children with the same aetiology of deafness, and to discuss clinical implications.
METHOD: A written postal questionnaire was sent to parents/carers of 590 children asking if their child had been diagnosed with specified additional difficulties and any significant health issues likely to impact on their child's listening and language development. Responses to these questionnaires were collated and the data reviewed.
RESULTS: Of the 91.5% questionnaires returned, the percentage of children with additional difficulties was found to be 47%. The numbers of CI recipients with three or more additional difficulties in this group were found to be 11%. The distribution of additional difficulties within cohorts of CI recipients with the same aetiology was examined, and trends were identified. Those deafened by cytomegalovirus or meningitis and those with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder were found to have the greatest number of co-existing additional difficulties including epilepsy and autism, while those with an aetiology of Connexin 26 had almost no additional difficulties.
CONCLUSION: It is hoped that the information obtained will (i) inform the counselling of parents pre-implant, particularly with children whose aetiology means that there is a high risk of additional difficulties, and (ii) improve CI recipient care. The results suggest that children with severe-profound sensorineural deafness have more additional difficulties than has been previously cited.

PMID: 26169375 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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BODIPY-Conjugated Xyloside Primes Fluorescent Glycosaminoglycans in the Inner Ear of Opsanus tau

Abstract

We report on a new xyloside conjugated to BODIPY, BX and its utility to prime fluorescent glycosaminoglycans (BX-GAGs) within the inner ear in vivo. When BX is administered directly into the endolymphatic space of the oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau) inner ear, fluorescent BX-GAGs are primed and become visible in the sensory epithelia of the semicircular canals, utricle, and saccule. Confocal and 2-photon microscopy of vestibular organs fixed 4 h following BX treatment, reveal BX-GAGs constituting glycocalyces that envelop hair cell kinocilium, nerve fibers, and capillaries. In the presence of GAG-specific enzymes, the BX-GAG signals are diminished, suggesting that chondroitin sulfates are the primary GAGs primed by BX. Results are consistent with similar click-xylosides in CHO cell lines, where the xyloside enters the Golgi and preferentially initiates chondroitin sulfate B production. Introduction of BX produces a temporary block of hair cell mechanoelectrical transduction (MET) currents in the crista, reduction in background discharge rate of afferent neurons, and a reduction in sensitivity to physiological stimulation. A six-degree-of-freedom pharmacokinetic mathematical model has been applied to interpret the time course and spatial distribution of BX and BX-GAGs. Results demonstrate a new optical approach to study GAG biology in the inner ear, for tracking synthesis and localization in real time.

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