Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Rabelo N., dos Reis A., Soares A., Delgado L., Novello A., Lucareli P.
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Πέμπτη 28 Ιουνίου 2018
P 102 - Clinical and biomechanical predictive factors of patellofemoral pain differ according to the quality of lower limb alignment
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Rabelo N., dos Reis A., Soares A., Delgado L., Novello A., Lucareli P.
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Dynamic spasticity determines hamstring length and knee flexion angle during gait in children with spastic cerebral palsy
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 64
Author(s): Ja Young Choi, Eun Sook Park, Dongho Park, Dong-wook Rha
BackgroundPrevious researchers reported that popliteal angle did not correlate well with knee angle during gait in individuals with spastic cerebral palsy (CP).Research questionTo determine if hamstring spasticity, as measured by Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS) at rest, is associated with knee flexion angle at initial contact and midstance during gait.MethodsThirty ambulatory children (mean age 8.7 ± 2.4 years) diagnosed with spastic CP participated. The hamstrings’ spasticity was assessed in the supine position with the MTS, measuring R1 (muscle reaction to passive fast stretch), R2 (passive range of motion), and R2-R1 (dynamic component of spasticity). We conducted 3-dimensional computerized gait analysis and calculated semimembranosus muscle-tendon length and lengthening velocity during gait using musculoskeletal modeling and inverse kinematic analysis by OpenSim. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to estimate the association of MTS with biomechanical parameters during gait.ResultsKnee flexion angle at initial contact and maximal knee extension angle during stance phase significantly positively correlated with both R1 and ㅣR2 - R1ㅣ of MTS, but not with R2 angle. The length of semimembranosus at initial contact, end of swing, and minimal length during stance phase were strongly negatively associated with R1, rather than R2 or ㅣR2 - R1ㅣ angles.SignificanceThe R1 angle of MTS (muscle reaction to passive fast stretch) is more relevant correlate of knee flexion angle during gait than the R2 (passive range of motion).
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O 043 – Mechanics of spastic semitendinosus altered by intermuscular interactions elevate its contribution to pathological resistance against knee extension during gait
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): C.S. Kaya, F. Bilgili, N.E. Akalan, Y. Temelli, F. Ates, C.A. Yucesoy
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O 072 - Biomechanical effects of rocker shoes on the plantar fascia in healthy adults and patients with plantar fasciitis
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): C. Greve, R. Dekker, K. Postema, J. Hijmans
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O 016 - Investigating the Roll-over Shape in children with Cerebral Palsy walking with and without Ankle Foot Orthoses
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Y. Kerkum, H. Houdijk, A. Buizer, M. Brehm, J. Harlaar
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O 015 – Frontal plane adaptations in prosthetic feet for locomotion on uneven ground
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): M. Ernst, B. Altenburg, H. Gerke, T. Schmalz
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O 081 - Diagnostic value of the Duncan Ely test for assessing abnormal activity of the Rectus femoris during gait in stroke patients
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): M. Tenniglo, M. Nederhand, L. Schaake, E. Prinsen, J. Buurke
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P 019 - The effect of simulated leg length discrepancy on lower limb biomechanics during gait
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): S. Khamis, E. Carmeli
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P 102 - Clinical and biomechanical predictive factors of patellofemoral pain differ according to the quality of lower limb alignment
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Rabelo N., dos Reis A., Soares A., Delgado L., Novello A., Lucareli P.
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Dynamic spasticity determines hamstring length and knee flexion angle during gait in children with spastic cerebral palsy
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 64
Author(s): Ja Young Choi, Eun Sook Park, Dongho Park, Dong-wook Rha
BackgroundPrevious researchers reported that popliteal angle did not correlate well with knee angle during gait in individuals with spastic cerebral palsy (CP).Research questionTo determine if hamstring spasticity, as measured by Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS) at rest, is associated with knee flexion angle at initial contact and midstance during gait.MethodsThirty ambulatory children (mean age 8.7 ± 2.4 years) diagnosed with spastic CP participated. The hamstrings’ spasticity was assessed in the supine position with the MTS, measuring R1 (muscle reaction to passive fast stretch), R2 (passive range of motion), and R2-R1 (dynamic component of spasticity). We conducted 3-dimensional computerized gait analysis and calculated semimembranosus muscle-tendon length and lengthening velocity during gait using musculoskeletal modeling and inverse kinematic analysis by OpenSim. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to estimate the association of MTS with biomechanical parameters during gait.ResultsKnee flexion angle at initial contact and maximal knee extension angle during stance phase significantly positively correlated with both R1 and ㅣR2 - R1ㅣ of MTS, but not with R2 angle. The length of semimembranosus at initial contact, end of swing, and minimal length during stance phase were strongly negatively associated with R1, rather than R2 or ㅣR2 - R1ㅣ angles.SignificanceThe R1 angle of MTS (muscle reaction to passive fast stretch) is more relevant correlate of knee flexion angle during gait than the R2 (passive range of motion).
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O 043 – Mechanics of spastic semitendinosus altered by intermuscular interactions elevate its contribution to pathological resistance against knee extension during gait
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): C.S. Kaya, F. Bilgili, N.E. Akalan, Y. Temelli, F. Ates, C.A. Yucesoy
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O 072 - Biomechanical effects of rocker shoes on the plantar fascia in healthy adults and patients with plantar fasciitis
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): C. Greve, R. Dekker, K. Postema, J. Hijmans
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O 016 - Investigating the Roll-over Shape in children with Cerebral Palsy walking with and without Ankle Foot Orthoses
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Y. Kerkum, H. Houdijk, A. Buizer, M. Brehm, J. Harlaar
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O 015 – Frontal plane adaptations in prosthetic feet for locomotion on uneven ground
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): M. Ernst, B. Altenburg, H. Gerke, T. Schmalz
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O 081 - Diagnostic value of the Duncan Ely test for assessing abnormal activity of the Rectus femoris during gait in stroke patients
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): M. Tenniglo, M. Nederhand, L. Schaake, E. Prinsen, J. Buurke
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P 019 - The effect of simulated leg length discrepancy on lower limb biomechanics during gait
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): S. Khamis, E. Carmeli
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Electric and acoustic harmonic integration predicts speech-in-noise performance in hybrid cochlear implant users
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Damien Bonnard, Adam Schwalje, Bruce Gantz, Inyong Choi
BackgroundPitch perception of complex tones relies on place or temporal fine structure-based mechanisms from resolved harmonics and the temporal envelope of unresolved harmonics. Combining this information is essential for speech-in-noise performance, as it allows segregation of a target speaker from background noise. In hybrid cochlear implant (H-CI) users, low frequency acoustic hearing should provide pitch from resolved harmonics while high frequency electric hearing should provide temporal envelope pitch from unresolved harmonics. How the acoustic and electric auditory inputs interact for H-CI users is largely unknown. Harmonicity and inharmonicity are emergent features of sound in which overtones are concordant or discordant with the fundamental frequency. We hypothesized that some H-CI users would be able to integrate acoustic and electric information for complex tone pitch perception, and that this ability would be correlated with speech-in-noise performance. In this study, we used perception of inharmonicity to demonstrate this integration.MethodsFifteen H-CI users with only acoustic hearing below 500 Hz, only electric hearing above 2 kHz, and more than 6 months CI experience, along with eighteen normal hearing (NH) controls, were presented with harmonic and inharmonic sounds. The stimulus was created with a low frequency component, corresponding with the H-CI user's acoustic hearing (fundamental frequency between 125 and 174 Hz), and a high frequency component, corresponding with electric hearing. Subjects were asked to identify the more inharmonic sound, which requires the perceptual integration of the low and high components. Speech-in-noise performance was tested in both groups using the California Consonant Test (CCT), and perception of Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant (CNC) words in quiet and AzBio sentences in noise were tested for the H-CI users.ResultsEight of the H-CI subjects (53%), and all of the NH subjects, scored significantly above chance level for at least one subset of the inharmonicity detection task. Inharmonicity detection ability, but not age or pure tone average, predicted speech scores in a linear model. These results were significantly correlated with speech scores in both quiet and noise for H-CI users, but not with speech in noise performance for NH listeners. Musical experience predicted inharmonicity detection ability, but did not predict speech performance.ConclusionsWe demonstrate integration of acoustic and electric information in H-CI users for complex pitch sensation. The correlation with speech scores in H-CI users might be associated with the ability to segregate a target speaker from background noise using the speaker's fundamental frequency.
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Anatomical Basis of Drug Delivery to the Inner Ear
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): R. Glueckert, L. Johnson Chacko, H. Rask-Andersen, L. Wei, S. Handschuh, A. Schrott-Fischer
The isolated anatomical position and blood-labyrinth barrier hampers systemic drug delivery to the mammalian inner ear. Intratympanic placement of drugs and permeation via the round- and oval window are established methods for local pharmaceutical treatment. Mechanisms of drug uptake and pathways for distribution within the inner ear are hard to predict. The complex microanatomy with fluid-filled spaces separated by tight- and leaky barriers compose various compartments that connect via active and passive transport mechanisms. Here we provide a review on the inner ear architecture at light- and electron microscopy level, relevant for drug delivery. Focus is laid on the human inner ear architecture. Some new data add information on the human inner ear fluid spaces generated with high resolution micro-computed tomography at 15μm resolution. Perilymphatic spaces are connected with the central modiolus by active transport mechanisms of mesothelial cells that provide access to spiral ganglion neurons. Reports on leaky barriers between scala tympani and the so-called Cortilymph compartment likely open the best path for hair cell targeting. The complex barrier system of tight junction proteins such as occludins, claudins and tricellulin isolates the endolymphatic space for most drugs. Comparison of relevant differences of barriers, target cells and cell types involved in drug spread between main animal models and humans shall provide some translational aspects for inner ear drug applications.
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Electric and acoustic harmonic integration predicts speech-in-noise performance in hybrid cochlear implant users
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Damien Bonnard, Adam Schwalje, Bruce Gantz, Inyong Choi
BackgroundPitch perception of complex tones relies on place or temporal fine structure-based mechanisms from resolved harmonics and the temporal envelope of unresolved harmonics. Combining this information is essential for speech-in-noise performance, as it allows segregation of a target speaker from background noise. In hybrid cochlear implant (H-CI) users, low frequency acoustic hearing should provide pitch from resolved harmonics while high frequency electric hearing should provide temporal envelope pitch from unresolved harmonics. How the acoustic and electric auditory inputs interact for H-CI users is largely unknown. Harmonicity and inharmonicity are emergent features of sound in which overtones are concordant or discordant with the fundamental frequency. We hypothesized that some H-CI users would be able to integrate acoustic and electric information for complex tone pitch perception, and that this ability would be correlated with speech-in-noise performance. In this study, we used perception of inharmonicity to demonstrate this integration.MethodsFifteen H-CI users with only acoustic hearing below 500 Hz, only electric hearing above 2 kHz, and more than 6 months CI experience, along with eighteen normal hearing (NH) controls, were presented with harmonic and inharmonic sounds. The stimulus was created with a low frequency component, corresponding with the H-CI user's acoustic hearing (fundamental frequency between 125 and 174 Hz), and a high frequency component, corresponding with electric hearing. Subjects were asked to identify the more inharmonic sound, which requires the perceptual integration of the low and high components. Speech-in-noise performance was tested in both groups using the California Consonant Test (CCT), and perception of Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant (CNC) words in quiet and AzBio sentences in noise were tested for the H-CI users.ResultsEight of the H-CI subjects (53%), and all of the NH subjects, scored significantly above chance level for at least one subset of the inharmonicity detection task. Inharmonicity detection ability, but not age or pure tone average, predicted speech scores in a linear model. These results were significantly correlated with speech scores in both quiet and noise for H-CI users, but not with speech in noise performance for NH listeners. Musical experience predicted inharmonicity detection ability, but did not predict speech performance.ConclusionsWe demonstrate integration of acoustic and electric information in H-CI users for complex pitch sensation. The correlation with speech scores in H-CI users might be associated with the ability to segregate a target speaker from background noise using the speaker's fundamental frequency.
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Anatomical Basis of Drug Delivery to the Inner Ear
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): R. Glueckert, L. Johnson Chacko, H. Rask-Andersen, L. Wei, S. Handschuh, A. Schrott-Fischer
The isolated anatomical position and blood-labyrinth barrier hampers systemic drug delivery to the mammalian inner ear. Intratympanic placement of drugs and permeation via the round- and oval window are established methods for local pharmaceutical treatment. Mechanisms of drug uptake and pathways for distribution within the inner ear are hard to predict. The complex microanatomy with fluid-filled spaces separated by tight- and leaky barriers compose various compartments that connect via active and passive transport mechanisms. Here we provide a review on the inner ear architecture at light- and electron microscopy level, relevant for drug delivery. Focus is laid on the human inner ear architecture. Some new data add information on the human inner ear fluid spaces generated with high resolution micro-computed tomography at 15μm resolution. Perilymphatic spaces are connected with the central modiolus by active transport mechanisms of mesothelial cells that provide access to spiral ganglion neurons. Reports on leaky barriers between scala tympani and the so-called Cortilymph compartment likely open the best path for hair cell targeting. The complex barrier system of tight junction proteins such as occludins, claudins and tricellulin isolates the endolymphatic space for most drugs. Comparison of relevant differences of barriers, target cells and cell types involved in drug spread between main animal models and humans shall provide some translational aspects for inner ear drug applications.
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