Hypothesis: The density of vestibular dark cells (DCs) and vestibular transitional cells (TCs) can be quantitatively decreased in human temporal bones with otosclerosis. Background: Previous reports have shown that otosclerosis can lead to vestibular symptoms. Methods: We examined 61 human temporal bone specimens from 52 deceased donors with otosclerosis group-with and without endosteal involvement (EI), and with and without endolymphatic hydrops (EH)-versus 25 specimens from 18 age-matched controls. Using light microscopy, we evaluated the nonsensory epithelium of the lateral semicircular canal (LSC) and posterior semicircular canal (PSC) of the human vestibular labyrinth, focusing on the density of DCs and TCs. Results: In both the LSC and the PSC, as compared with the control group, the mean density of DCs significantly decreased in the EI (+) group, in the EI (+) and EH (+) subgroup, and in the EI (+) and EH (-) subgroup (p 0.05). Conclusion: We found a decrease in the density of DCs associated with EI in human temporal bone specimens with otosclerosis, regardless of the presence of EH. This decrease might cause damage in ion and water transportation, leading to vestibular symptoms. Copyright (C) 2016 by Otology & Neurotology, Inc. Image copyright (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health/Anatomical Chart Company
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Τετάρτη 16 Νοεμβρίου 2016
Can the Risks of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak After Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery Be Predicted?.
Objective: Identifying predictive factors of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak after translabyrinthine approach (TLA) for vestibular schwannoma. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Tertiary care center. Patients: All patients (n = 275) operated for a vestibular schwannoma by TLA between 2004 and 2013 were included. Intervention: Vestibular schwannoma surgery by TLA. Main Outcomes and Measures: The rate of postoperative CSF leak considering the age, sex, body mass index (BMI), tumor staging, and duration of surgical procedure. A logistic regression model was used to identify the predictors and compute a biometric predictive model of CSF leak. Results: Thirty-three patients (12.0%) developed a CSF leak after surgery. In a multivariable model, an increased risk of CSF leak was found for younger patients (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.98), longer duration of surgery (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.12-3.05), and the male sex (0 = male; 1 = female; OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.09-0.54), while also adjusting for BMI. The probability of developing a CSF leak after vestibular schwannoma surgery was calculated using a statistical prediction model, with a percentage of false negative of 7.0% and an overall correct prediction of 88.4%. Conclusion: The predictors of CSF leak after TLA for vestibular schwannoma are young age, male sex, longer duration of surgery, which adjusting for BMI. In this regard, the surgical team should adapt its management during pre- and postoperative period to decrease the likelihood of a leak. Copyright (C) 2016 by Otology & Neurotology, Inc. Image copyright (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health/Anatomical Chart Company
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History of the Endolymphatic Sac: From Anatomy to Surgery.
Objectives: To evaluate the historical descriptive origins of the anatomy of endolymphatic sac (ELS), its initial dilation description, its association with tumors, and lastly its surgical implication. Methods: A collection of historical and contemporary references, and selected textbooks were compiled spanning the 18th century to present day with specific focus on the description of the ELS, ELS dilation, and ELS tumors (ELSTs). Results: Domenico Cotugno describes the ELS in 1760. Carl Hasse introduces the term endolymphatic sac (saccus endolymphaticus) in 1873, which has remained in use till today. Carlo Mondini, in 1791, describes ELS dilation. Georges Portmann proposes opening the ELS for the treatment of Meniere's disease (MD) in 1926. In 1984, the first reported case of an ELST is described with pathology consisting of an adenoma. Four years later, in 1988, the first report is published suggesting ELSTs in direct association to von Hippel-Lindau disease. Conclusion: Domenico Cotugno is precise in describing the ELS in 1760. A timeline of important events relating to the ELS is presented. These include ELS dilation, surgical opening of the ELS for Meniere's, and ELSTs relating to von Hippel-Lindau disease. Copyright (C) 2016 by Otology & Neurotology, Inc. Image copyright (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health/Anatomical Chart Company
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Sounds For Tinnitus
It is believed that millions of people throughout the world have a condition called tinnitus. Someone who has tinnitus experiences a ringing or buzzing in the ears throughout the day as well as the night. There are times when the ringing may be very loud and other times when it’s drowned out by sounds that the person encounters on a daily basis. Fortunately, there are some ways to deal with tinnitus. For example, there are sounds for tinnitus that can lower the noise level of the persistent ringing in the ears. Look at some specific sounds or tinnitus maskers that may be helpful to you if you suffer from this annoying condition.
White Noise and More
Sounds for tinnitus are designed to match the frequency of the ringing or buzzing in your ears. This makes it possible for these sounds to drown out the tinnitus. Over time, someone who listens to these sounds can experience relief from this condition. One of the most familiar examples is white noise. This is similar to the noise your television makes when a channel goes off the air. There is also pink noise as well as brown noise. Though they are similar to white noise, these other options aren’t as high-pitched. But, they are both persistent waves of sound just like white noise.
Noise with a Theme
There are other sounds for tinnitus that follow a familiar theme. For instance, there is one called heavy rain. Most people know what heavy rainfall sounds like, but listening to it for an extended period of time can drown out tinnitus. Another example is known as summer night. Once again, this sound brings to mind the familiar experience of standing outside on a summer night. It contains soothing sounds that may conjure up images as you listen in an effort to reduce the ringing in your ears. Some suggestions of other sounds for tinnitus that may be useful to you include:
These sounds and others can be used to help you lessen the ringing or buzzing in your ears around bedtime or at any other time throughout the day. Sounds for tinnitus can be a pleasant alternative to the ringing or buzzing you hear each day.
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Individual differences in speech-in-noise perception parallel neural speech processing and attention in preschoolers
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Elaine C. Thompson, Kali Woodruff Carr, Travis White-Schwoch, Sebastian Otto-Meyer, Nina Kraus
From bustling classrooms to unruly lunchrooms, school settings are noisy. To learn effectively in the unwelcome company of numerous distractions, children must clearly perceive speech in noise. In older children and adults, speech-in-noise perception is supported by sensory and cognitive processes, but the correlates underlying this critical listening skill in young children (3–5 year olds) remain undetermined. Employing a longitudinal design (two evaluations separated by ∼12 months), we followed a cohort of 59 preschoolers, ages 3.0–4.9, assessing word-in-noise perception, cognitive abilities (intelligence, short-term memory, attention), and neural responses to speech. Results reveal changes in word-in-noise perception parallel changes in processing of the fundamental frequency (F0), an acoustic cue known for playing a role central to speaker identification and auditory scene analysis. Four unique developmental trajectories (speech-in-noise perception groups) confirm this relationship, in that improvements and declines in word-in-noise perception couple with enhancements and diminishments of F0 encoding, respectively. Improvements in word-in-noise perception also pair with gains in attention. Word-in-noise perception does not relate to strength of neural harmonic representation or short-term memory. These findings reinforce previously-reported roles of F0 and attention in hearing speech in noise in older children and adults, and extend this relationship to preschool children.
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Individual differences in speech-in-noise perception parallel neural speech processing and attention in preschoolers
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Elaine C. Thompson, Kali Woodruff Carr, Travis White-Schwoch, Sebastian Otto-Meyer, Nina Kraus
From bustling classrooms to unruly lunchrooms, school settings are noisy. To learn effectively in the unwelcome company of numerous distractions, children must clearly perceive speech in noise. In older children and adults, speech-in-noise perception is supported by sensory and cognitive processes, but the correlates underlying this critical listening skill in young children (3–5 year olds) remain undetermined. Employing a longitudinal design (two evaluations separated by ∼12 months), we followed a cohort of 59 preschoolers, ages 3.0–4.9, assessing word-in-noise perception, cognitive abilities (intelligence, short-term memory, attention), and neural responses to speech. Results reveal changes in word-in-noise perception parallel changes in processing of the fundamental frequency (F0), an acoustic cue known for playing a role central to speaker identification and auditory scene analysis. Four unique developmental trajectories (speech-in-noise perception groups) confirm this relationship, in that improvements and declines in word-in-noise perception couple with enhancements and diminishments of F0 encoding, respectively. Improvements in word-in-noise perception also pair with gains in attention. Word-in-noise perception does not relate to strength of neural harmonic representation or short-term memory. These findings reinforce previously-reported roles of F0 and attention in hearing speech in noise in older children and adults, and extend this relationship to preschool children.
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Individual differences in speech-in-noise perception parallel neural speech processing and attention in preschoolers
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Elaine C. Thompson, Kali Woodruff Carr, Travis White-Schwoch, Sebastian Otto-Meyer, Nina Kraus
From bustling classrooms to unruly lunchrooms, school settings are noisy. To learn effectively in the unwelcome company of numerous distractions, children must clearly perceive speech in noise. In older children and adults, speech-in-noise perception is supported by sensory and cognitive processes, but the correlates underlying this critical listening skill in young children (3–5 year olds) remain undetermined. Employing a longitudinal design (two evaluations separated by ∼12 months), we followed a cohort of 59 preschoolers, ages 3.0–4.9, assessing word-in-noise perception, cognitive abilities (intelligence, short-term memory, attention), and neural responses to speech. Results reveal changes in word-in-noise perception parallel changes in processing of the fundamental frequency (F0), an acoustic cue known for playing a role central to speaker identification and auditory scene analysis. Four unique developmental trajectories (speech-in-noise perception groups) confirm this relationship, in that improvements and declines in word-in-noise perception couple with enhancements and diminishments of F0 encoding, respectively. Improvements in word-in-noise perception also pair with gains in attention. Word-in-noise perception does not relate to strength of neural harmonic representation or short-term memory. These findings reinforce previously-reported roles of F0 and attention in hearing speech in noise in older children and adults, and extend this relationship to preschool children.
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Objective Voice Analysis of Pediatric Cochlear Implant Recipients and Comparison With Hearing Aids Users and Hearing Controls
Publication date: Available online 16 November 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Narges Jafari, Farzad Izadi, Abolfazl Salehi, Payman Dabirmoghaddam, Fariba Yadegari, Abbas Ebadi, Saeed Talebian Moghadam
ObjectivesPhonation is influenced by hearing as a feedback mechanism. The purpose of the present study was to compare selected acoustic parameters in children using cochlear implants (CIs), those using hearing aids (HA), and their normal-hearing (NH) peers.MethodsThe participants were 15 children using CI (mean age: 72 months), 15 children using HA (mean age: 74 months), and 15 NH children (mean age: 77 months). The vowel /a/ was produced to measure perturbation and mean fundamental frequency. The six Persian vowels in /CbVCd/ were obtained to extract vowel duration. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance.ResultsResults revealed a statistically significant difference between the NH group and the HA group regarding fundamental frequency (F2,51 = 3.443, P < 0.05), jitter local (F2,51 = 1.629, P < 0.05), jitter local absolute (F2,51 = 6.519, P < 0.001), jitter rap (F2,51 = 7.151, P < 0.001), jitter ppq5 (F2,51 = 5.894, P < 0.001), shimmer local (%) (F2,51 = 8.070, P < 0.001), shimmer local (dB) (F2,51 = 3.884, P < 0.05), shimmer apq3 (F2,51 = 4.926, P < 0.05), shimmer apq5 (F2,51 = 8.442, P < 0.001), and harmonic-to-noise ratio (F2,51 = 4.117, P < 0.001). The mean values of the duration of all six vowels were significantly greater in children with CI and HA than in NH children (P < 0.001).ConclusionIt seems that after 8 months of using CI, auditory control of voice production would be enabled. Furthermore, children with hearing impairment potentially regard vowel sound duration as a distinguishing feature, whereas in NH speakers, the duration has the least effect in vowel identification.
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Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Narges Jafari, Farzad Izadi, Abolfazl Salehi, Payman Dabirmoghaddam, Fariba Yadegari, Abbas Ebadi, Saeed Talebian Moghadam
ObjectivesPhonation is influenced by hearing as a feedback mechanism. The purpose of the present study was to compare selected acoustic parameters in children using cochlear implants (CIs), those using hearing aids (HA), and their normal-hearing (NH) peers.MethodsThe participants were 15 children using CI (mean age: 72 months), 15 children using HA (mean age: 74 months), and 15 NH children (mean age: 77 months). The vowel /a/ was produced to measure perturbation and mean fundamental frequency. The six Persian vowels in /CbVCd/ were obtained to extract vowel duration. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance.ResultsResults revealed a statistically significant difference between the NH group and the HA group regarding fundamental frequency (F2,51 = 3.443, P < 0.05), jitter local (F2,51 = 1.629, P < 0.05), jitter local absolute (F2,51 = 6.519, P < 0.001), jitter rap (F2,51 = 7.151, P < 0.001), jitter ppq5 (F2,51 = 5.894, P < 0.001), shimmer local (%) (F2,51 = 8.070, P < 0.001), shimmer local (dB) (F2,51 = 3.884, P < 0.05), shimmer apq3 (F2,51 = 4.926, P < 0.05), shimmer apq5 (F2,51 = 8.442, P < 0.001), and harmonic-to-noise ratio (F2,51 = 4.117, P < 0.001). The mean values of the duration of all six vowels were significantly greater in children with CI and HA than in NH children (P < 0.001).ConclusionIt seems that after 8 months of using CI, auditory control of voice production would be enabled. Furthermore, children with hearing impairment potentially regard vowel sound duration as a distinguishing feature, whereas in NH speakers, the duration has the least effect in vowel identification.
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Relationship between Voice Complaints and Subjective and Objective Measures of Vocal Function in Iranian Female Teachers
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Maryam Faham, Nahid Jalilevand, Farhad Torabinezhad Nejad, Erin Pearson Silverman, Akram Ahmadi, Zahra Ghayoumi Anaraki, Narges Jafari
ObjectivesTeachers are at high risk of developing voice problems because of the excessive vocal demands necessitated by their profession. Teachers' self-assessment of vocal complaints, combined with subjective and objective measures of voice, may enable better therapeutic decision-making. This investigation compared audio-perceptual assessment and acoustic variables in teachers with and without voice complaints.MethodsNinety-nine teachers completed this cross-sectional study and were assigned to one of two groups: those “with voice complaint (VC)” and those “without voice complaint (W-VC).” Voice samples were collected during reading, counting, and vowel prolongation tasks. Teachers were also asked to document any voice symptoms they experienced. Voice samples were analyzed using Dr. Speech program (4th version; Tiger Ltd., USA), and labeled “normal” or “abnormal” according to the “grade” dimension “G” from GRBAS scale.ResultsTwenty-one teachers were assigned to the VC group based on self-assessment data. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups with regard to self-reported voice symptoms of hoarseness, breathiness, pitch breaks, and vocal fatigue (P < 0.05). Fourteen participants in the VC group and 40 from the W-VC group were determined to demonstrate “abnormal” vocal quality on perceptual assessment. Only harmonic-to-noise ratio was significantly higher for the W-VC group (ES = 0.55).ConclusionTeachers with and without voice complaints differed in the incidence, but not type of voice symptoms. Teachers' voice complaints did not correspond to perceptual and acoustic measures. This suggests a potential unmet need for teachers to receive further education on voice disorders.
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Decision fractional fast Fourier transform Doppler compensation in underwater acoustic orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
A method of compensating for Doppler distortions of underwater acoustic channels for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals is proposed. This method is based on symbol rebuilding. OFDM symbol rebuilding is performed after fractional fast Fourier transform (F-FFT) processing. A stochastic gradient-type adaptive algorithm is designed to learn the combiner weights for detection. Synthetic data and experimental data from a recent mobile acoustic communication experiment are used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, which represents a significant improvement over the F-FFT detection technique.
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BOOK REVIEW.
BOOK REVIEW.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Nov 15;:1-2
Authors: Scollie S
PMID: 27845615 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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BOOK REVIEW.
BOOK REVIEW.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Nov 15;:1-2
Authors: Scollie S
PMID: 27845615 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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The vestibular system and cognition.
The vestibular system and cognition.
Curr Opin Neurol. 2016 Nov 10;
Authors: Smith PF
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The last year has seen a great deal of new information published relating vestibular dysfunction to cognitive impairment in humans, especially in the elderly. The objective of this review is to summarize and critically evaluate this new evidence in the context of the previous literature.
RECENT FINDINGS: This review will address the recent epidemiological/survey studies that link vestibular dysfunction with cognitive impairment in the elderly; recent clinical investigations into cognitive impairment in the context of vestibular dysfunction, both in the elderly and in the cases of otic capsule dehiscence and partial bilateral vestibulopathy; recent evidence that vestibular impairment is associated with hippocampal atrophy; and finally recent evidence relating to the hypothesis that vestibular dysfunction could be a risk factor for dementia.
SUMMARY: The main implication of these recent studies is that vestibular dysfunction, possibly of any type, may result in cognitive impairment, and this could be especially so for the elderly. Such symptoms will need to be considered in the treatment of patients with vestibular disorders.
PMID: 27845944 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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BOOK REVIEW.
BOOK REVIEW.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Nov 15;:1-2
Authors: Scollie S
PMID: 27845615 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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The vestibular system and cognition.
The vestibular system and cognition.
Curr Opin Neurol. 2016 Nov 10;
Authors: Smith PF
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The last year has seen a great deal of new information published relating vestibular dysfunction to cognitive impairment in humans, especially in the elderly. The objective of this review is to summarize and critically evaluate this new evidence in the context of the previous literature.
RECENT FINDINGS: This review will address the recent epidemiological/survey studies that link vestibular dysfunction with cognitive impairment in the elderly; recent clinical investigations into cognitive impairment in the context of vestibular dysfunction, both in the elderly and in the cases of otic capsule dehiscence and partial bilateral vestibulopathy; recent evidence that vestibular impairment is associated with hippocampal atrophy; and finally recent evidence relating to the hypothesis that vestibular dysfunction could be a risk factor for dementia.
SUMMARY: The main implication of these recent studies is that vestibular dysfunction, possibly of any type, may result in cognitive impairment, and this could be especially so for the elderly. Such symptoms will need to be considered in the treatment of patients with vestibular disorders.
PMID: 27845944 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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BOOK REVIEW.
BOOK REVIEW.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Nov 15;:1-2
Authors: Scollie S
PMID: 27845615 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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RMND1-Related Leukoencephalopathy With Temporal Lobe Cysts and Hearing Loss-Another Mendelian Mimicker of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection.
| Related Articles |
RMND1-Related Leukoencephalopathy With Temporal Lobe Cysts and Hearing Loss-Another Mendelian Mimicker of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection.
Pediatr Neurol. 2016 Sep 13;:
Authors: Ulrick N, Goldstein A, Simons C, Taft RJ, Helman G, Pizzino A, Bloom M, Vogt J, Pysden K, Diodato D, Martinelli D, Monavari A, Buhas D, van Karnebeek CD, Dorboz I, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Rodriguez D, Tétreault M, Majewski J, Bernard G, Ng YS, Care4Rare Canada Consortium, McFarland R, Vanderver A
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Leukoencephalopathy with temporal lobe cysts may be associated with monogenetic conditions such as Aicardi-Goutières syndrome or RNASET2 mutations and with congenital infections such as cytomegalovirus. In view of the fact that congenital cytomegalovirus is difficult to confirm outside the neonatal period, excluding a Mendelian disorder is extremely relevant, changing family planning and medical management in affected families. We performed diagnostic testing in individuals with leukoencephalopathy with temporal lobe cysts without a definitive diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection.
METHODS: We reviewed a large-scale biorepository of patients with unsolved leukodystrophies and identified two individuals with required for meiotic nuclear division 1 (RMND1) mutations and similar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features, including temporal lobe cysts. Ten additional subjects with confirmed RMND1 mutations were identified as part of a separate disease specific cohort. Brain MRIs from all 12 individuals were reviewed for common neuroradiological features.
RESULTS: MRI features in RMND1 mutations included temporal lobe swelling, with rarefaction and cystic evolution, enlarged tips of the temporal lobes, and multifocal subcortical white matter changes with confluent periatrial T2 signal hyperintensity. A combination of these features was present in ten of the 12 individuals reviewed.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the small number of reported individuals with RMND1 mutations, a clinically recognizable phenotype of leukoencephalopathy with temporal lobe swelling, rarefaction, and cystic changes has emerged in a subset of individuals. Careful clinical phenotyping, including for lactic acidosis, deafness, and severe muscle involvement seen in RMND1 mutation positive individuals, and MRI pattern recognition will be important in differentiating these patients from children with congenital infections like cytomegalovirus.
PMID: 27843092 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Lung Herniation Associated with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in a Child
Alexandros Sfakianakis
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182
6948891480
Comparison of Speech-in-Noise and Localization Benefits in Unilateral Hearing Loss Subjects Using Contralateral Routing of Signal Hearing Aids or Bone Anchored Implants.
Objective: To compare the benefit of wireless contralateral routing of signal (CROS) technology to bone-anchored implant (BAI) technology in monaural listeners. Study Design: Prospective, single-subject. Setting: Tertiary academic referral center. Patients: Adult English speaking subjects using either a CROS hearing aid or BAI as treatment for unilateral severe-profound hearing loss. Interventions: Aided performance utilizing the subjects BAI or CROS hearing device. Main Outcome Measures: Outcome measures included speech-in-noise perception using the QuickSIN(TM) (Etymotic Research, Elkgrove Village, IL, 2001) speech-in-noise test and localization ability using narrow and broadband stimuli. Performance was measured in the unaided and aided condition and compared with normal hearing controls. Subjective outcomes measures included the Speech Spatial and Qualities hearing scale and the Glasgow Hearing Aid Benefit Profile. Results: A significant improvement in speech-in-noise performance for monaural listeners (p
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Activation of IGF1 Signaling in the Cochlea Induces the Transcription of its Mediators During the Protection of Cochlear Hair Cells Against Aminoglycoside.
Hypothesis: Transcription of the Erk and Akt genes and phosphorylation of their products are promoted by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) during hair cell protection. Background: IGF1 protects mammalian hair cells in animal models from various types of damage, including aminoglycoside. Moreover, clinical trials have revealed that IGF1 was effective for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. In this process, activation of the downstream of IGF1 signaling, including the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and AKT proteins, is involved. However, the regulation of IGF1 signaling mediators at the transcriptional level has not been studied. Methods: We used a neomycin damage model on neonatal mouse cochlear explant culture. Explants established from neonatal mice were treated with either neomycin alone or neomycin and IGF1. The expression levels of IGF1 signaling mediator genes, Akt1, Mapk3, and Mapk1, in the explants were compared using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction at several time points. Inhibitors of IGF1 signaling were added to confirm that this observation was dependent on IGF1 signaling. Results: The expression levels of all genes tested were significantly upregulated in neomycin+IGF1 treatment samples (p
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