Modulation Power Spectra include dimensions of spectral and temporal modulation that contribute significantly to the perception of musical instrument timbres. Nevertheless, it remains unknown whether each instrument's identity is characterized by specific regions in this representation. A recognition task was applied to tuba,trombone,cello,saxophone, and clarinet sounds resynthesized with filtered spectrotemporal modulations. The most relevant parts of this representation for instrument identification were determined for each instrument. In addition, instruments that were confused with each other led to non-overlapping spectrotemporal modulation regions, suggesting that musical instrument timbres are characterized by specific spectrotemporal modulations.
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Publication date: Available online 5 December 2016 Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Marion David, Mathieu Lavandier, Nicolas Grimault, Andrew J. Oxenham
Differences in fundamental frequency (F0) between voiced sounds are known to be a strong cue for stream segregation. However, speech consists of both voiced and unvoiced sounds, and less is known about whether and how the unvoiced portions are segregated. This study measured listeners’ ability to integrate or segregate sequences of consonant-vowel tokens, comprising a voiceless fricative and a vowel, as a function of the F0 difference between interleaved sequences of tokens. A performance-based measure was used, in which listeners detected the presence of a repeated token either within one sequence or between the two sequences (measures of voluntary and obligatory streaming, respectively). The results showed a systematic increase of voluntary stream segregation as the F0 difference between the two interleaved sequences increased from 0 to 13 semitones, suggesting that F0 differences allowed listeners to segregate speech sounds, including the unvoiced portions. In contrast to the consistent effects of voluntary streaming, the trend towards obligatory stream segregation at large F0 differences failed to reach significance. Listeners were no longer able to perform the voluntary-streaming task reliably when the unvoiced portions were removed from the stimuli, suggesting that the unvoiced portions were used and correctly segregated in the original task. The results demonstrate that streaming based on F0 differences occurs for natural speech sounds, and that unvoiced portions are correctly assigned to corresponding voiced portions of the speech sounds.
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Publication date: Available online 5 December 2016 Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Marion David, Mathieu Lavandier, Nicolas Grimault, Andrew J. Oxenham
Differences in fundamental frequency (F0) between voiced sounds are known to be a strong cue for stream segregation. However, speech consists of both voiced and unvoiced sounds, and less is known about whether and how the unvoiced portions are segregated. This study measured listeners’ ability to integrate or segregate sequences of consonant-vowel tokens, comprising a voiceless fricative and a vowel, as a function of the F0 difference between interleaved sequences of tokens. A performance-based measure was used, in which listeners detected the presence of a repeated token either within one sequence or between the two sequences (measures of voluntary and obligatory streaming, respectively). The results showed a systematic increase of voluntary stream segregation as the F0 difference between the two interleaved sequences increased from 0 to 13 semitones, suggesting that F0 differences allowed listeners to segregate speech sounds, including the unvoiced portions. In contrast to the consistent effects of voluntary streaming, the trend towards obligatory stream segregation at large F0 differences failed to reach significance. Listeners were no longer able to perform the voluntary-streaming task reliably when the unvoiced portions were removed from the stimuli, suggesting that the unvoiced portions were used and correctly segregated in the original task. The results demonstrate that streaming based on F0 differences occurs for natural speech sounds, and that unvoiced portions are correctly assigned to corresponding voiced portions of the speech sounds.
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Publication date: Available online 5 December 2016 Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Marion David, Mathieu Lavandier, Nicolas Grimault, Andrew J. Oxenham
Differences in fundamental frequency (F0) between voiced sounds are known to be a strong cue for stream segregation. However, speech consists of both voiced and unvoiced sounds, and less is known about whether and how the unvoiced portions are segregated. This study measured listeners’ ability to integrate or segregate sequences of consonant-vowel tokens, comprising a voiceless fricative and a vowel, as a function of the F0 difference between interleaved sequences of tokens. A performance-based measure was used, in which listeners detected the presence of a repeated token either within one sequence or between the two sequences (measures of voluntary and obligatory streaming, respectively). The results showed a systematic increase of voluntary stream segregation as the F0 difference between the two interleaved sequences increased from 0 to 13 semitones, suggesting that F0 differences allowed listeners to segregate speech sounds, including the unvoiced portions. In contrast to the consistent effects of voluntary streaming, the trend towards obligatory stream segregation at large F0 differences failed to reach significance. Listeners were no longer able to perform the voluntary-streaming task reliably when the unvoiced portions were removed from the stimuli, suggesting that the unvoiced portions were used and correctly segregated in the original task. The results demonstrate that streaming based on F0 differences occurs for natural speech sounds, and that unvoiced portions are correctly assigned to corresponding voiced portions of the speech sounds.
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You can’t get dropped or off-study course mainly because the overall racecourse has a blue line painted down the middle of the road. The race motto is “follow the blue line”. It moves from Brooklyn into Queens, as a result of “Five Factors”, and crosses the 59th Avenue Bridge into Manhattan. After in Manhattan, it turns north up 1st Avenue, as a result of the Upper East Aspect, via Harlem, and across the Willis Avenue Bridge into the Bronx.
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New York Metropolis Has Bicycle Welcoming Enjoyable
For the very first half of upcoming 7 days nevertheless we get a little bit of a dose of winter season reality. A trough is envisioned to dig in and that will provide a great deal colder temperatures and at last yet another chance for snow. We have a lot of floor to make up in the snow division so maintain your fingers crossed. New York’s central park proposal obtained extra snow yesterday than Denver has had all period!
This New York City getaway lights tour is on a at ease, double-decker bus or often on a motor mentor. See the Empire Point out Making, central park picnic proposal, Rockefeller Middle, downtown, Madison Square Yard, the Brooklyn Bridge and Lord & Taylor’s window shows on Fifth Avenue.
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Subway Directions: Choose the G prepare to Bedford-Nostrand. Stroll one or two blocks to Marcy Ave. which is East. Or Just take A practice to Nostrand. Stroll north about fifteen-twenty minutes and go one block east to Marcy Ave. Park is on corner of Marcy and Greene Ave. Or Thompkins and Greene.
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It has constantly been on my head to stop by New York Town, irrespective of the very same destination staying 11214.51 kilometers away from my money town. I have under no circumstances noticed New York but the urge to tour that city has usually stayed in intellect for the previous three decades and saved clicking, clicking, clicking and clicking that I really should go to the explained desired destination.
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Now that’s almost nothing elaborate, nor is it ideal, but it’s a start off. Maybe you could just take her on a massive scavenger hunt covering all of your past recollections alongside one another? Probably you could go to that tree where you two inscribed your initials ten decades back as young ones?
Some of the footwork will come back again from those lessons very long in the past, so I can start to concentrate on fashion alternatively than the place to put my toes to avoid crushing his toes. But on other dances, it turns out my early coaching was “street type”, not the traditional style, so I’m getting not only to master, but to unlearn some lousy patterns.
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Tinnitus is a perception of sound in the ears or head in the absence of an actual physical sound. Tinnitus represents one of the most common and distressing otologic problems, and it can cause various somatic and psychological disorders that interfere with the quality of life (Yetiser et al., 2002). Approximately 12 million individuals in the United States have been diagnosed with tinnitus, of which ~1 million have severe tinnitus interfering with their daily activities (Meikle, 1997; Tyler & Baker, 1983). Various treatment methods from medications to electrical stimulation to alternative medicine have been investigated, but all have limited efficacy at present. These treatments are generally aimed at reducing or eliminating the tinnitus perception, and have been largely unsuccessful in that goal.
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Tinnitus is a perception of sound in the ears or head in the absence of an actual physical sound. Tinnitus represents one of the most common and distressing otologic problems, and it can cause various somatic and psychological disorders that interfere with the quality of life (Yetiser et al., 2002). Approximately 12 million individuals in the United States have been diagnosed with tinnitus, of which ~1 million have severe tinnitus interfering with their daily activities (Meikle, 1997; Tyler & Baker, 1983). Various treatment methods from medications to electrical stimulation to alternative medicine have been investigated, but all have limited efficacy at present. These treatments are generally aimed at reducing or eliminating the tinnitus perception, and have been largely unsuccessful in that goal.
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Tinnitus is a perception of sound in the ears or head in the absence of an actual physical sound. Tinnitus represents one of the most common and distressing otologic problems, and it can cause various somatic and psychological disorders that interfere with the quality of life (Yetiser et al., 2002). Approximately 12 million individuals in the United States have been diagnosed with tinnitus, of which ~1 million have severe tinnitus interfering with their daily activities (Meikle, 1997; Tyler & Baker, 1983). Various treatment methods from medications to electrical stimulation to alternative medicine have been investigated, but all have limited efficacy at present. These treatments are generally aimed at reducing or eliminating the tinnitus perception, and have been largely unsuccessful in that goal.
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