Publication date: Available online 8 June 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Abby L. Hemmerich, Eileen M. Finnegan, Henry T. Hoffman
BackgroundVocal tremor may be associated with cyclic oscillations in the pulmonary, laryngeal, velopharyngeal, or oral regions.ObjectivesThis study aimed to correlate the overall severity of vocal tremor with the distribution and severity of tremor in structures involved.MethodsEndoscopic and clinical examinations were completed on 20 adults with vocal tremor and two age-matched controls during sustained phonation. Two judges rated the severity of vocal tremor and the severity of tremor affecting each of 13 structures.ResultsParticipants with mild vocal tremor typically presented with tremor in three laryngeal structures, moderate vocal tremor in five structures (laryngeal and another region), and severe vocal tremor in eight structures affecting all regions. The severity of tremor was lowest (mean = 1.2 out of 3) in persons with mild vocal tremor and greater in persons with moderate (mean = 1.5) and severe vocal tremor (mean = 1.4). Laryngeal structures were most frequently (95%) and severely (1.7 out of 3) affected, followed by velopharynx (40% occurrence, 1.3 severity), pulmonary (40% occurrence, 1.1 severity), and oral (40% occurrence, 1.0 severity) regions. Regression analyses indicated tremor severity of the supraglottic structures, and vertical laryngeal movement contributed most to vocal tremor severity during sustained phonation (r = 0.77, F = 16.17, P < 0.0001). A strong positive correlation (r = 0.72) was found between the Tremor Index and the severity of the vocal tremor during sustained phonation.ConclusionIt is useful to obtain a wide endoscopic view of the larynx to visualize tremor, which is rarely isolated to the true vocal folds alone.
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Τετάρτη 8 Ιουνίου 2016
Description and Preliminary Evaluation of a Curriculum for Teaching Conversational Skills to Children With High-Functioning Autism and Other Social Cognition Challenges
Purpose
The purpose of this clinical focus article is to provide (a) a detailed description of a school-based intervention designed to teach children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (HF-ASDs) and other social cognition challenges both the how and the why of conversation and (b) a preliminary evaluation of program outcomes.
Method
This pilot study involved (a) qualitative and quantitative analysis of video footage of participants' conversational skills at baseline, during intervention, and postintervention; (b) interviews with participants' speech-language pathologist (third author) about individual participant progress; and (c) interviews with instructors responsible for implementing the curriculum regarding overall program effectiveness. Participants were four elementary-aged children with HF-ASDs and other social cognition challenges with deficits in expressive language and auditory processing and comprehension.
Results
Analyses of video-recorded footage indicated increases for all four participants in terms of peer-directed interactions, questions asked, use of wh-words to introduce new topics and/or extend conversation on existing topics, and attempts at conversational repair. Three participants also demonstrated increased use of attention-gaining behaviors. Qualitative analysis of transcripts, as well as in-depth interviews with the participants' speech-language pathologist and other program instructors, supported these findings.
Conclusions
Preliminary findings from this pilot study suggest that providing comprehensive instruction in many of the basic components required for successful conversation, including explanations for why these components are necessary, may be a promising means of teaching children with HF-ASDs and other social cognition challenges to engage in successful peer-to-peer conversation.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1rdfx0F
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Description and Preliminary Evaluation of a Curriculum for Teaching Conversational Skills to Children With High-Functioning Autism and Other Social Cognition Challenges
Purpose
The purpose of this clinical focus article is to provide (a) a detailed description of a school-based intervention designed to teach children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (HF-ASDs) and other social cognition challenges both the how and the why of conversation and (b) a preliminary evaluation of program outcomes.
Method
This pilot study involved (a) qualitative and quantitative analysis of video footage of participants' conversational skills at baseline, during intervention, and postintervention; (b) interviews with participants' speech-language pathologist (third author) about individual participant progress; and (c) interviews with instructors responsible for implementing the curriculum regarding overall program effectiveness. Participants were four elementary-aged children with HF-ASDs and other social cognition challenges with deficits in expressive language and auditory processing and comprehension.
Results
Analyses of video-recorded footage indicated increases for all four participants in terms of peer-directed interactions, questions asked, use of wh-words to introduce new topics and/or extend conversation on existing topics, and attempts at conversational repair. Three participants also demonstrated increased use of attention-gaining behaviors. Qualitative analysis of transcripts, as well as in-depth interviews with the participants' speech-language pathologist and other program instructors, supported these findings.
Conclusions
Preliminary findings from this pilot study suggest that providing comprehensive instruction in many of the basic components required for successful conversation, including explanations for why these components are necessary, may be a promising means of teaching children with HF-ASDs and other social cognition challenges to engage in successful peer-to-peer conversation.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1rdfx0F
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Description and Preliminary Evaluation of a Curriculum for Teaching Conversational Skills to Children With High-Functioning Autism and Other Social Cognition Challenges
Purpose
The purpose of this clinical focus article is to provide (a) a detailed description of a school-based intervention designed to teach children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (HF-ASDs) and other social cognition challenges both the how and the why of conversation and (b) a preliminary evaluation of program outcomes.
Method
This pilot study involved (a) qualitative and quantitative analysis of video footage of participants' conversational skills at baseline, during intervention, and postintervention; (b) interviews with participants' speech-language pathologist (third author) about individual participant progress; and (c) interviews with instructors responsible for implementing the curriculum regarding overall program effectiveness. Participants were four elementary-aged children with HF-ASDs and other social cognition challenges with deficits in expressive language and auditory processing and comprehension.
Results
Analyses of video-recorded footage indicated increases for all four participants in terms of peer-directed interactions, questions asked, use of wh-words to introduce new topics and/or extend conversation on existing topics, and attempts at conversational repair. Three participants also demonstrated increased use of attention-gaining behaviors. Qualitative analysis of transcripts, as well as in-depth interviews with the participants' speech-language pathologist and other program instructors, supported these findings.
Conclusions
Preliminary findings from this pilot study suggest that providing comprehensive instruction in many of the basic components required for successful conversation, including explanations for why these components are necessary, may be a promising means of teaching children with HF-ASDs and other social cognition challenges to engage in successful peer-to-peer conversation.from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1rdfx0F
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Variability of gait speed during six minutes walking test in COPD and cystic fibrosis patients
Publication date: Available online 8 June 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Gregory Reychler, Margaux Debatisse, Patrick Lebecque, Thierry Pieters, Giuseppe Liistro, Sophie Gohy
BackgroundRecently, gait speed reached an increasing importance in the management of respiratory patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare walking speed and physiological adaptations during the 6MWT in COPD and CF patients.Methods6MWT performed by COPD and CF patients were retrospectively reviewed. Global and sequential walking speeds were measured on six minutes and every sequence of two minutes respectively. Heart rate, oxygen saturation and dyspnea were analyzed.Results78 and 246 tests from CF and COPD patients were reviewed respectively. FEV1 (52.3 vs 56.2% pred) and FVC (72.5 vs 73.8% pred) were similar between both diseases. However, 6MWT in patients with CF were characterized by significantly higher heart rate, global walking speed and walking distance (+68%) while dyspnea evolutions and the proportions of patients presenting walking speed decline over the 6minutes were significantly lower.ConclusionWalking speed and cardio-respiratory parameters evolution during 6MWT differ between COPD and CF patients.
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Gregory Reychler, Margaux Debatisse, Patrick Lebecque, Thierry Pieters, Giuseppe Liistro, Sophie Gohy
BackgroundRecently, gait speed reached an increasing importance in the management of respiratory patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare walking speed and physiological adaptations during the 6MWT in COPD and CF patients.Methods6MWT performed by COPD and CF patients were retrospectively reviewed. Global and sequential walking speeds were measured on six minutes and every sequence of two minutes respectively. Heart rate, oxygen saturation and dyspnea were analyzed.Results78 and 246 tests from CF and COPD patients were reviewed respectively. FEV1 (52.3 vs 56.2% pred) and FVC (72.5 vs 73.8% pred) were similar between both diseases. However, 6MWT in patients with CF were characterized by significantly higher heart rate, global walking speed and walking distance (+68%) while dyspnea evolutions and the proportions of patients presenting walking speed decline over the 6minutes were significantly lower.ConclusionWalking speed and cardio-respiratory parameters evolution during 6MWT differ between COPD and CF patients.
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Relationship between trunk and foot accelerations during walking in healthy adults
Publication date: Available online 8 June 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Jordan J. Craig, Adam Bruetsch, Jessie M. Huisinga
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Jordan J. Craig, Adam Bruetsch, Jessie M. Huisinga
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A new method to calculate external mechanical work using force-platform data in ecological situations in humans: application to Parkinson's disease
Publication date: Available online 7 June 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Vincent Gigot, Virginie Van Wymelbeke, Davy Laroche, Thomas Mouillot, Agnès Jacquin-Piques, Matthieu Rossé, Michel Tavan, Laurent Brondel
Background and aimTo accurately quantify the cost of physical activity and to evaluate the different components of energy expenditure in humans, it is necessary to evaluate external mechanical work (WEXT). Large platform systems surpass other currently used techniques. Here, we describe a calculation method for force-platforms to calculate long-term WEXT.MethodsEach force-platform (2.46 x 1.60 m and 3.80 x 2.48 m) rests on 4 piezoelectric sensors. During long periods of recording, a drift in the speed of displacement of the center of mass (necessary to calculate WEXT) is generated. To suppress this drift, wavelet decomposition is used to low-pass filter the source signal. By using wavelet decomposition coefficients, the source signal can be recovered. To check the validity of WEXT calculations after signal processing, an oscillating pendulum system was first used; then, 10 healthy subjects performed a standardized exercise (squatting exercise). A medical application is also reported in eight Parkinsonian patients during the timed “get-up and go” test and compared with the same test in ten healthy subjects.ResultsValues of WEXT with the oscillating pendulum showed that the system was accurate and reliable. During the squatting exercise, the average measured WEXT was 0.4% lower than theoretical work. WEXT and mechanical work efficiency during the “get-up and go” test in Parkinson's disease patients in comparison with that of healthy subjects were very coherent.ConclusionsThis method has numerous applications for studying physical activity and mechanical work efficiency in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Vincent Gigot, Virginie Van Wymelbeke, Davy Laroche, Thomas Mouillot, Agnès Jacquin-Piques, Matthieu Rossé, Michel Tavan, Laurent Brondel
Background and aimTo accurately quantify the cost of physical activity and to evaluate the different components of energy expenditure in humans, it is necessary to evaluate external mechanical work (WEXT). Large platform systems surpass other currently used techniques. Here, we describe a calculation method for force-platforms to calculate long-term WEXT.MethodsEach force-platform (2.46 x 1.60 m and 3.80 x 2.48 m) rests on 4 piezoelectric sensors. During long periods of recording, a drift in the speed of displacement of the center of mass (necessary to calculate WEXT) is generated. To suppress this drift, wavelet decomposition is used to low-pass filter the source signal. By using wavelet decomposition coefficients, the source signal can be recovered. To check the validity of WEXT calculations after signal processing, an oscillating pendulum system was first used; then, 10 healthy subjects performed a standardized exercise (squatting exercise). A medical application is also reported in eight Parkinsonian patients during the timed “get-up and go” test and compared with the same test in ten healthy subjects.ResultsValues of WEXT with the oscillating pendulum showed that the system was accurate and reliable. During the squatting exercise, the average measured WEXT was 0.4% lower than theoretical work. WEXT and mechanical work efficiency during the “get-up and go” test in Parkinson's disease patients in comparison with that of healthy subjects were very coherent.ConclusionsThis method has numerous applications for studying physical activity and mechanical work efficiency in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Variability of gait speed during six minutes walking test in COPD and cystic fibrosis patients
Publication date: Available online 8 June 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Gregory Reychler, Margaux Debatisse, Patrick Lebecque, Thierry Pieters, Giuseppe Liistro, Sophie Gohy
BackgroundRecently, gait speed reached an increasing importance in the management of respiratory patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare walking speed and physiological adaptations during the 6MWT in COPD and CF patients.Methods6MWT performed by COPD and CF patients were retrospectively reviewed. Global and sequential walking speeds were measured on six minutes and every sequence of two minutes respectively. Heart rate, oxygen saturation and dyspnea were analyzed.Results78 and 246 tests from CF and COPD patients were reviewed respectively. FEV1 (52.3 vs 56.2% pred) and FVC (72.5 vs 73.8% pred) were similar between both diseases. However, 6MWT in patients with CF were characterized by significantly higher heart rate, global walking speed and walking distance (+68%) while dyspnea evolutions and the proportions of patients presenting walking speed decline over the 6minutes were significantly lower.ConclusionWalking speed and cardio-respiratory parameters evolution during 6MWT differ between COPD and CF patients.
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Gregory Reychler, Margaux Debatisse, Patrick Lebecque, Thierry Pieters, Giuseppe Liistro, Sophie Gohy
BackgroundRecently, gait speed reached an increasing importance in the management of respiratory patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare walking speed and physiological adaptations during the 6MWT in COPD and CF patients.Methods6MWT performed by COPD and CF patients were retrospectively reviewed. Global and sequential walking speeds were measured on six minutes and every sequence of two minutes respectively. Heart rate, oxygen saturation and dyspnea were analyzed.Results78 and 246 tests from CF and COPD patients were reviewed respectively. FEV1 (52.3 vs 56.2% pred) and FVC (72.5 vs 73.8% pred) were similar between both diseases. However, 6MWT in patients with CF were characterized by significantly higher heart rate, global walking speed and walking distance (+68%) while dyspnea evolutions and the proportions of patients presenting walking speed decline over the 6minutes were significantly lower.ConclusionWalking speed and cardio-respiratory parameters evolution during 6MWT differ between COPD and CF patients.
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Relationship between trunk and foot accelerations during walking in healthy adults
Publication date: Available online 8 June 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Jordan J. Craig, Adam Bruetsch, Jessie M. Huisinga
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Jordan J. Craig, Adam Bruetsch, Jessie M. Huisinga
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A new method to calculate external mechanical work using force-platform data in ecological situations in humans: application to Parkinson's disease
Publication date: Available online 7 June 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Vincent Gigot, Virginie Van Wymelbeke, Davy Laroche, Thomas Mouillot, Agnès Jacquin-Piques, Matthieu Rossé, Michel Tavan, Laurent Brondel
Background and aimTo accurately quantify the cost of physical activity and to evaluate the different components of energy expenditure in humans, it is necessary to evaluate external mechanical work (WEXT). Large platform systems surpass other currently used techniques. Here, we describe a calculation method for force-platforms to calculate long-term WEXT.MethodsEach force-platform (2.46 x 1.60 m and 3.80 x 2.48 m) rests on 4 piezoelectric sensors. During long periods of recording, a drift in the speed of displacement of the center of mass (necessary to calculate WEXT) is generated. To suppress this drift, wavelet decomposition is used to low-pass filter the source signal. By using wavelet decomposition coefficients, the source signal can be recovered. To check the validity of WEXT calculations after signal processing, an oscillating pendulum system was first used; then, 10 healthy subjects performed a standardized exercise (squatting exercise). A medical application is also reported in eight Parkinsonian patients during the timed “get-up and go” test and compared with the same test in ten healthy subjects.ResultsValues of WEXT with the oscillating pendulum showed that the system was accurate and reliable. During the squatting exercise, the average measured WEXT was 0.4% lower than theoretical work. WEXT and mechanical work efficiency during the “get-up and go” test in Parkinson's disease patients in comparison with that of healthy subjects were very coherent.ConclusionsThis method has numerous applications for studying physical activity and mechanical work efficiency in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Vincent Gigot, Virginie Van Wymelbeke, Davy Laroche, Thomas Mouillot, Agnès Jacquin-Piques, Matthieu Rossé, Michel Tavan, Laurent Brondel
Background and aimTo accurately quantify the cost of physical activity and to evaluate the different components of energy expenditure in humans, it is necessary to evaluate external mechanical work (WEXT). Large platform systems surpass other currently used techniques. Here, we describe a calculation method for force-platforms to calculate long-term WEXT.MethodsEach force-platform (2.46 x 1.60 m and 3.80 x 2.48 m) rests on 4 piezoelectric sensors. During long periods of recording, a drift in the speed of displacement of the center of mass (necessary to calculate WEXT) is generated. To suppress this drift, wavelet decomposition is used to low-pass filter the source signal. By using wavelet decomposition coefficients, the source signal can be recovered. To check the validity of WEXT calculations after signal processing, an oscillating pendulum system was first used; then, 10 healthy subjects performed a standardized exercise (squatting exercise). A medical application is also reported in eight Parkinsonian patients during the timed “get-up and go” test and compared with the same test in ten healthy subjects.ResultsValues of WEXT with the oscillating pendulum showed that the system was accurate and reliable. During the squatting exercise, the average measured WEXT was 0.4% lower than theoretical work. WEXT and mechanical work efficiency during the “get-up and go” test in Parkinson's disease patients in comparison with that of healthy subjects were very coherent.ConclusionsThis method has numerous applications for studying physical activity and mechanical work efficiency in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Variability of gait speed during six minutes walking test in COPD and cystic fibrosis patients
Publication date: Available online 8 June 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Gregory Reychler, Margaux Debatisse, Patrick Lebecque, Thierry Pieters, Giuseppe Liistro, Sophie Gohy
BackgroundRecently, gait speed reached an increasing importance in the management of respiratory patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare walking speed and physiological adaptations during the 6MWT in COPD and CF patients.Methods6MWT performed by COPD and CF patients were retrospectively reviewed. Global and sequential walking speeds were measured on six minutes and every sequence of two minutes respectively. Heart rate, oxygen saturation and dyspnea were analyzed.Results78 and 246 tests from CF and COPD patients were reviewed respectively. FEV1 (52.3 vs 56.2% pred) and FVC (72.5 vs 73.8% pred) were similar between both diseases. However, 6MWT in patients with CF were characterized by significantly higher heart rate, global walking speed and walking distance (+68%) while dyspnea evolutions and the proportions of patients presenting walking speed decline over the 6minutes were significantly lower.ConclusionWalking speed and cardio-respiratory parameters evolution during 6MWT differ between COPD and CF patients.
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Gregory Reychler, Margaux Debatisse, Patrick Lebecque, Thierry Pieters, Giuseppe Liistro, Sophie Gohy
BackgroundRecently, gait speed reached an increasing importance in the management of respiratory patients. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare walking speed and physiological adaptations during the 6MWT in COPD and CF patients.Methods6MWT performed by COPD and CF patients were retrospectively reviewed. Global and sequential walking speeds were measured on six minutes and every sequence of two minutes respectively. Heart rate, oxygen saturation and dyspnea were analyzed.Results78 and 246 tests from CF and COPD patients were reviewed respectively. FEV1 (52.3 vs 56.2% pred) and FVC (72.5 vs 73.8% pred) were similar between both diseases. However, 6MWT in patients with CF were characterized by significantly higher heart rate, global walking speed and walking distance (+68%) while dyspnea evolutions and the proportions of patients presenting walking speed decline over the 6minutes were significantly lower.ConclusionWalking speed and cardio-respiratory parameters evolution during 6MWT differ between COPD and CF patients.
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Relationship between trunk and foot accelerations during walking in healthy adults
Publication date: Available online 8 June 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Jordan J. Craig, Adam Bruetsch, Jessie M. Huisinga
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Jordan J. Craig, Adam Bruetsch, Jessie M. Huisinga
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A new method to calculate external mechanical work using force-platform data in ecological situations in humans: application to Parkinson's disease
Publication date: Available online 7 June 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Vincent Gigot, Virginie Van Wymelbeke, Davy Laroche, Thomas Mouillot, Agnès Jacquin-Piques, Matthieu Rossé, Michel Tavan, Laurent Brondel
Background and aimTo accurately quantify the cost of physical activity and to evaluate the different components of energy expenditure in humans, it is necessary to evaluate external mechanical work (WEXT). Large platform systems surpass other currently used techniques. Here, we describe a calculation method for force-platforms to calculate long-term WEXT.MethodsEach force-platform (2.46 x 1.60 m and 3.80 x 2.48 m) rests on 4 piezoelectric sensors. During long periods of recording, a drift in the speed of displacement of the center of mass (necessary to calculate WEXT) is generated. To suppress this drift, wavelet decomposition is used to low-pass filter the source signal. By using wavelet decomposition coefficients, the source signal can be recovered. To check the validity of WEXT calculations after signal processing, an oscillating pendulum system was first used; then, 10 healthy subjects performed a standardized exercise (squatting exercise). A medical application is also reported in eight Parkinsonian patients during the timed “get-up and go” test and compared with the same test in ten healthy subjects.ResultsValues of WEXT with the oscillating pendulum showed that the system was accurate and reliable. During the squatting exercise, the average measured WEXT was 0.4% lower than theoretical work. WEXT and mechanical work efficiency during the “get-up and go” test in Parkinson's disease patients in comparison with that of healthy subjects were very coherent.ConclusionsThis method has numerous applications for studying physical activity and mechanical work efficiency in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Vincent Gigot, Virginie Van Wymelbeke, Davy Laroche, Thomas Mouillot, Agnès Jacquin-Piques, Matthieu Rossé, Michel Tavan, Laurent Brondel
Background and aimTo accurately quantify the cost of physical activity and to evaluate the different components of energy expenditure in humans, it is necessary to evaluate external mechanical work (WEXT). Large platform systems surpass other currently used techniques. Here, we describe a calculation method for force-platforms to calculate long-term WEXT.MethodsEach force-platform (2.46 x 1.60 m and 3.80 x 2.48 m) rests on 4 piezoelectric sensors. During long periods of recording, a drift in the speed of displacement of the center of mass (necessary to calculate WEXT) is generated. To suppress this drift, wavelet decomposition is used to low-pass filter the source signal. By using wavelet decomposition coefficients, the source signal can be recovered. To check the validity of WEXT calculations after signal processing, an oscillating pendulum system was first used; then, 10 healthy subjects performed a standardized exercise (squatting exercise). A medical application is also reported in eight Parkinsonian patients during the timed “get-up and go” test and compared with the same test in ten healthy subjects.ResultsValues of WEXT with the oscillating pendulum showed that the system was accurate and reliable. During the squatting exercise, the average measured WEXT was 0.4% lower than theoretical work. WEXT and mechanical work efficiency during the “get-up and go” test in Parkinson's disease patients in comparison with that of healthy subjects were very coherent.ConclusionsThis method has numerous applications for studying physical activity and mechanical work efficiency in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Optimal design of a hysteretic vibration absorber using fixed-points theory
H ∞ optimum parameters of a dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) using a hysteretic or structural damping element have been derived analytically for suppressing vibration of a single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system excited by harmonic forces or due to ground motions. Although the frequency response function of the traditional DVA (TDVA) with viscous damping may be converted to that of the hysteretic DVA (HDVA) using the equivalent viscous damping coefficient, it is found that the two frequency response functions are not equivalent after the optimization process. Therefore, the optimum parameters of the HDVA are derived using the fixed-points theory rather than converted directly from the TDVA model. The analytical results show that the optimized hysteretic vibration absorber can provide a similar vibration reduction effect as the optimized traditional dynamic vibration absorber at the resonance of a SDOF primary vibrating system. Advantages as well as the limitations of the fixed-points theory for the H ∞ optimization of the hysteretic dynamic vibration absorbers using the fixed-points theory are discussed.
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The influence of native-language tones on lexical access in the second language
When listening to speech in a second language, bilinguals' perception of acoustic-phonetic properties is often influenced by the features that are important in the native language of the bilingual. Furthermore, changes in the perception of segmental contrasts due to L1 experience can influence L2 lexical access during comprehension. The present study investigates whether the effect of L1 experience on L2 processing seen at the segmental level extends to suprasegmental processing. In an eye-tracking task, Mandarin–English bilinguals heard an auditorily presented English word and selected which of two visually presented Chinese characters represented the correct Mandarin translation. The pitch contour of the spoken word was manipulated to either match or mismatch the lexical tone of the Mandarin translation. Results revealed that bilinguals were significantly faster to correctly identify the target and made earlier eye movements to targets when the suprasegmental information of the word spoken in English matched that of its Mandarin translation. The findings provide compelling evidence for bilinguals' sensitivity to suprasegmental tone information, even when listening to a non-tonal language. These results have important implications for the effect of L1 experience on L2 lexical access and language interaction in bilinguals, and are consistent with a highly interactive account of language processing.
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Auditory sensitivity in aquatic animalsa)
A critical concern with respect to marine animal acoustics is the issue of hearing “sensitivity,” as it is widely used as a criterion for the onset of noise-induced effects. Important aspects of research on sensitivity to sound by marine animals include: uncertainties regarding how well these species detect and respond to different sounds; the masking effects of man-made sounds on the detection of biologically important sounds; the question how internal state, motivation, context, and previous experience affect their behavioral responses; and the long-term and cumulative effects of sound exposure. If we are to better understand the sensitivity of marine animals to sound we must concentrate research on these questions. In order to assess population level and ecological community impacts new approaches can possibly be adopted from other disciplines and applied to marine fauna.
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Comparing the effects of age on amplitude modulation and frequency modulation detection
Frequency modulation (FM) and amplitude modulation (AM) detection thresholds were measured at 40 dB sensation level for young (22–28 yrs) and older (44–66 yrs) listeners with normal audiograms for a carrier frequency of 500 Hz and modulation rates of 2 and 20 Hz. The number of modulation cycles, N, varied between 2 and 9. For FM detection, uninformative AM at the same rate as the FM was superimposed to disrupt excitation-pattern cues. For both groups, AM and FM detection thresholds were lower for the 2-Hz than for the 20-Hz rate, and AM and FM detection thresholds decreased with increasing N. Thresholds were higher for older than for younger listeners, especially for FM detection at 2 Hz, possibly reflecting the effect of age on the use of temporal-fine-structure cues for 2-Hz FM detection. The effect of increasing N was similar across groups for both AM and FM. However, at 20 Hz, older listeners showed a greater effect of increasing N than younger listeners for both AM and FM. The results suggest that ageing reduces sensitivity to both excitation-pattern and temporal-fine-structure cues for modulation detection, but more so for the latter, while sparing temporal integration of these cues at low modulation rates.
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The impact of self-efficacy, expectations, and readiness on hearing aid outcomes
10.1080/14992027.2016.1177214<br/>Melanie A. Ferguson
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Contemporary surgical issues in paediatric cochlear implantation
10.1080/14992027.2016.1184765<br/>Joseph D. Wasson
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The impact of self-efficacy, expectations, and readiness on hearing aid outcomes
10.1080/14992027.2016.1177214<br/>Melanie A. Ferguson
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Contemporary surgical issues in paediatric cochlear implantation
10.1080/14992027.2016.1184765<br/>Joseph D. Wasson
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The impact of self-efficacy, expectations, and readiness on hearing aid outcomes
10.1080/14992027.2016.1177214<br/>Melanie A. Ferguson
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Contemporary surgical issues in paediatric cochlear implantation
10.1080/14992027.2016.1184765<br/>Joseph D. Wasson
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The impact of self-efficacy, expectations, and readiness on hearing aid outcomes
10.1080/14992027.2016.1177214<br/>Melanie A. Ferguson
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Contemporary surgical issues in paediatric cochlear implantation
10.1080/14992027.2016.1184765<br/>Joseph D. Wasson
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1TVdM0h
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1TVdM0h
via IFTTT
The impact of self-efficacy, expectations, and readiness on hearing aid outcomes
10.1080/14992027.2016.1177214<br/>Melanie A. Ferguson
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from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1PHjGFO
via IFTTT
Contemporary surgical issues in paediatric cochlear implantation
10.1080/14992027.2016.1184765<br/>Joseph D. Wasson
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1TVdM0h
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1TVdM0h
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