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Κυριακή 8 Μαΐου 2016
20Q: Interventional Audiology - Changing the Way We Deliver Care
Question 1: Interventional audiology? I’m not too sure exactly what that is? Answer: Well, it can be a lot of different things. In general, when we use the term interventional audiology, we are referring to direct involvement with people who have hearing loss or self-reported difficulties with their hearing. In many instances, it involves changing the way we think about patient care, which often requires looking at patient care from an inter-professional standpoint. Or, looking at different ways to provide services. 
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Cognitive loading-induced sway alterations are similar in those with chronic ankle instability and uninjured controls
Publication date: Available online 8 May 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Christopher J. Burcal, Erik A. Wikstrom
Performing a cognitive task while balancing can result in either increased or decreased sway depending on the nature of the cognitive task, and is commonly used in pathologic populations to evaluate postural performance. A total of 39 participants were recruited into two groups: uninjured controls (n=20, age: 21.9±2.1 years, height: 175.0±11.2cm, mass: 71.3±14.9kg) and chronic ankle instability (n=19, age: 22.1±5.6 years, height: 169.7±7.7cm, mass: 72.9±17.3kg). Participants were asked to perform one of three cognitive tasks while maintaining single limb balance. Cognitive tasks included backwards counting by 3(BC), the manikin test(MAN), and random number generation(RNG). Time-to-boundary minima, mean, and standard deviations were calculated and compared between groups as pre to post change scores. Effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were also calculated to test for group differences and the effect of task performance on sway. No significant main effects of Group or Group by Task interactions were identified(p>0.05). However, a significant multivariate main effect of Task was identified in BC(p=0.001, F(6, 32)=4.804) and RNG(p<0.001, F(6, 32)=6.233) but not for MAN(p=0.117). The results suggest that those with chronic ankle instability and uninjured controls have similar postural-suprapostural interactions across multiple cognitive task domains. Both the BC and RNG tasks resulted in less sway for all participants. Our results suggest that dual-task interference in the CAI population may not be present as previous research would suggest.
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Christopher J. Burcal, Erik A. Wikstrom
Performing a cognitive task while balancing can result in either increased or decreased sway depending on the nature of the cognitive task, and is commonly used in pathologic populations to evaluate postural performance. A total of 39 participants were recruited into two groups: uninjured controls (n=20, age: 21.9±2.1 years, height: 175.0±11.2cm, mass: 71.3±14.9kg) and chronic ankle instability (n=19, age: 22.1±5.6 years, height: 169.7±7.7cm, mass: 72.9±17.3kg). Participants were asked to perform one of three cognitive tasks while maintaining single limb balance. Cognitive tasks included backwards counting by 3(BC), the manikin test(MAN), and random number generation(RNG). Time-to-boundary minima, mean, and standard deviations were calculated and compared between groups as pre to post change scores. Effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were also calculated to test for group differences and the effect of task performance on sway. No significant main effects of Group or Group by Task interactions were identified(p>0.05). However, a significant multivariate main effect of Task was identified in BC(p=0.001, F(6, 32)=4.804) and RNG(p<0.001, F(6, 32)=6.233) but not for MAN(p=0.117). The results suggest that those with chronic ankle instability and uninjured controls have similar postural-suprapostural interactions across multiple cognitive task domains. Both the BC and RNG tasks resulted in less sway for all participants. Our results suggest that dual-task interference in the CAI population may not be present as previous research would suggest.
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Effects of mid-foot contact area ratio on lower body kinetics/kinematics in sagittal plane during stair descent in women
Publication date: Available online 8 May 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Jinkyu Lee, Yoon No Gregory Hong, Choongsoo S. Shin
The mid-foot contact area relative to the total foot contact area can facilitate foot arch structure evaluation. A stair descent motion consistently provides initial fore-foot contact and utilizes the foot arch more actively for energy absorption. The purpose of this study was to compare ankle and knee joint angle, moment, and work in sagittal plane during stair descending between low and high Mid-Foot-Contact-Area (MFCA) ratio group. The twenty-two female subjects were tested and classified into two groups (high MFCA and low MFCA) using their static MFCA ratios. The ground reaction force (GRF) and kinematics of ankle and knee joints were measured while stair descending. During the period between initial contact and the first peak in vertical GRF (early absorption phase), ankle negative work for the low MFCA ratio group was 33% higher than that for the high MFCA ratio group (p<0.05). However, ankle negative work was not significantly different between the two groups during the period between initial contact and peak dorsiflexion angle (early absorption phase+late absorption phase). The peak ankle dorsiflexion angle was smaller in the low MFCA ratio group (p<0.05). Our results suggest that strategy of energy absorption at the ankle and foot differs depending upon foot arch types classified by MFCA. The low MFCA ratio group seemed to absorb more impact energy using strain in the planar fascia during early absorption phase, whereas the high MFCA ratio group absorbed more impact energy using increased dorsiflexion during late absorption phase.
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Jinkyu Lee, Yoon No Gregory Hong, Choongsoo S. Shin
The mid-foot contact area relative to the total foot contact area can facilitate foot arch structure evaluation. A stair descent motion consistently provides initial fore-foot contact and utilizes the foot arch more actively for energy absorption. The purpose of this study was to compare ankle and knee joint angle, moment, and work in sagittal plane during stair descending between low and high Mid-Foot-Contact-Area (MFCA) ratio group. The twenty-two female subjects were tested and classified into two groups (high MFCA and low MFCA) using their static MFCA ratios. The ground reaction force (GRF) and kinematics of ankle and knee joints were measured while stair descending. During the period between initial contact and the first peak in vertical GRF (early absorption phase), ankle negative work for the low MFCA ratio group was 33% higher than that for the high MFCA ratio group (p<0.05). However, ankle negative work was not significantly different between the two groups during the period between initial contact and peak dorsiflexion angle (early absorption phase+late absorption phase). The peak ankle dorsiflexion angle was smaller in the low MFCA ratio group (p<0.05). Our results suggest that strategy of energy absorption at the ankle and foot differs depending upon foot arch types classified by MFCA. The low MFCA ratio group seemed to absorb more impact energy using strain in the planar fascia during early absorption phase, whereas the high MFCA ratio group absorbed more impact energy using increased dorsiflexion during late absorption phase.
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Neuroscience of Tinnitus.
Neuroscience of Tinnitus.
Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2016 May;26(2):187-96
Authors: Ryan D, Bauer CA
Abstract
Tinnitus is a consequence of changes in auditory and nonauditory neural networks following damage to the cochlea. Homeostatic compensatory mechanisms occur after hearing loss and these mechanisms alter the balance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. In many individuals with hearing loss, chronic tinnitus and related phenomena emerge. Some people with tinnitus are disturbed by this subjective sensation. When auditory network dysfunction is coupled with limbic-gating dysfunction, an otherwise meaningless auditory percept such as tinnitus may acquire negative emotional features. The development of effective treatment options is enhanced by the understanding of the neural networks underpinning tinnitus.
PMID: 27154602 [PubMed - in process]
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