Using the Borg CR10 Physical Exertion Scale to Measure Patient-perceived Vocal Effort Pre and Post Treatment

Publication date: Available online 22 November 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Eva van Leer, Miriam van Mersbergen
ObjectivesReduction of vocal effort is a therapeutic goal in resonant voice therapy and in the treatment of a variety of voice disorders. The Borg CR10 is a perceived effort scale that is widely accepted across a wide variety of disciplines. The purpose of the present study was to examine (1) the utility of an anchored, adapted Borg CR10 in observing treatment-related vocal effort reduction and (2) the convergent validity of the Borg CR10 in its relation to Voice Handicap Index (VHI) item 14.Study DesignThis is a pretest-posttest experimental design.MethodsA total of 36 individuals with phonotraumatic hyperfunctional voice disorders completed item 14 of the VHI and the Borg CR10 at the start and completion of four sessions of resonant voice therapy treatment.ResultsScores from the Borg CR10 significantly differentiated pre- from post-therapy perceived effort levels. Convergent validity was demonstrated through significant associations with scores from item 14 of the VHI.ConclusionThe anchored Borg CR10 is an easy to use clinical tool to capture treatment-related vocal effort reduction. Whereas VHI item 14 indicates how frequently increased perceived effort is experienced, the Borg CR10 captures the severity of perceived effort used. Thus, the two measures complement each other.



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Physical Activity and Hearing Health

Several population-based epidemiological studies have demonstrated a relationship between physical activity and odds of hearing loss. However, these data to date have been limited to cross-sectional analyses, where cause and effect cannot be discerned. In a first study of physical activity on hearing loss in animals, Han et al. (2016) examined the impact of increased physical activity in mice (CBA/CaJ) on age-related hearing loss (ARHL). In the study, mice were divided into groups based on age and physical activity.

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Changes in lumbopelvic rhythm during trunk extension in adolescent soccer players

Publication date: February 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 52
Author(s): Michio Tojima, Suguru Torii
Many adolescent athletes experience low back pain (LBP). Its causative factors include lower limb muscle tightness and hip–spine incoordination. Hip–spine coordination [or lumbopelvic rhythm, LPR] can be used to assess lower-limb and spine functions. We assessed the presence/absence of LBP in adolescent soccer players before and after a six-month period and divided them into four groups: no LBP both before and after the period (NBP group); LBP before but not after (PN group); LBP after but not before (NP group); and LBP both before and after (LBP group). We used a 3D motion analysis system during trunk extension to measure the lumbar spine and hip ranges of motion (ROMs). On comparing the results obtained before and after the six-month period, lumbar spine ROM decreased in the NP group, hip ROM increased in the LBP group. From before to after the period, the linear prediction indicated that, when the hip extends by 1°, the lumbar spine extends by 3.5°–3.2° for the PN group and by 3.4°–2.8° for the NP group. The NP group extended their lumbar spine excessively compared with the hip before the period, which could cause LBP, but decreased the extension after the period. Lumbar extension relative to hip extension decreased in the PN group, which could decrease excessive load on the lumbar spine and eliminate LBP. These findings suggest that to prevent LBP in adolescent soccer players, it is important to restrict lumbar spine extension relative to hip extension.



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A model of free-living gait: A factor analysis in Parkinson’s disease

Publication date: February 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 52
Author(s): Rosie Morris, Aodhán Hickey, Silvia Del Din, Alan Godfrey, Sue Lord, Lynn Rochester
IntroductionGait is a marker of global health, cognition and falls risk. Gait is complex, comprised of multiple characteristics sensitive to survival, age and pathology. Due to covariance amongst characteristics, conceptual gait models have been established to reduce redundancy and aid interpretation. Previous models have been derived from laboratory gait assessments which are costly in equipment and time. Body-worn monitors (BWM) allow for free-living, low-cost and continuous gait measurement and produce similar covariant gait characteristics. A BWM gait model from both controlled and free-living measurement has not yet been established, limiting utility.Methods103 control and 67 PD participants completed a controlled laboratory assessment; walking for two minutes around a circuit wearing a BWM. 89 control and 58 PD participants were assessed in free-living, completing normal activities for 7 days wearing a BWM. Fourteen gait characteristics were derived from the BWM, selected according to a previous model. Principle component analysis derived factor loadings of gait characteristics.ResultsFour gait domains were derived for both groups and conditions; pace, rhythm, variability and asymmetry. Domains totalled 84.84% and 88.43% of variance for controlled and 90.00% and 93.03% of variance in free-living environments for control and PD participants respectively. Gait characteristic loading was unambiguous for all characteristics apart from gait variability which demonstrated cross-loading for both groups and environments. The model was highly congruent with the original model.ConclusionsThe conceptual gait models remained stable using a BWM in controlled and free-living environments. The model became more discrete supporting utility of the gait model for free-living gait.



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Changes in lumbopelvic rhythm during trunk extension in adolescent soccer players

Publication date: February 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 52
Author(s): Michio Tojima, Suguru Torii
Many adolescent athletes experience low back pain (LBP). Its causative factors include lower limb muscle tightness and hip–spine incoordination. Hip–spine coordination [or lumbopelvic rhythm, LPR] can be used to assess lower-limb and spine functions. We assessed the presence/absence of LBP in adolescent soccer players before and after a six-month period and divided them into four groups: no LBP both before and after the period (NBP group); LBP before but not after (PN group); LBP after but not before (NP group); and LBP both before and after (LBP group). We used a 3D motion analysis system during trunk extension to measure the lumbar spine and hip ranges of motion (ROMs). On comparing the results obtained before and after the six-month period, lumbar spine ROM decreased in the NP group, hip ROM increased in the LBP group. From before to after the period, the linear prediction indicated that, when the hip extends by 1°, the lumbar spine extends by 3.5°–3.2° for the PN group and by 3.4°–2.8° for the NP group. The NP group extended their lumbar spine excessively compared with the hip before the period, which could cause LBP, but decreased the extension after the period. Lumbar extension relative to hip extension decreased in the PN group, which could decrease excessive load on the lumbar spine and eliminate LBP. These findings suggest that to prevent LBP in adolescent soccer players, it is important to restrict lumbar spine extension relative to hip extension.



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A model of free-living gait: A factor analysis in Parkinson’s disease

Publication date: February 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 52
Author(s): Rosie Morris, Aodhán Hickey, Silvia Del Din, Alan Godfrey, Sue Lord, Lynn Rochester
IntroductionGait is a marker of global health, cognition and falls risk. Gait is complex, comprised of multiple characteristics sensitive to survival, age and pathology. Due to covariance amongst characteristics, conceptual gait models have been established to reduce redundancy and aid interpretation. Previous models have been derived from laboratory gait assessments which are costly in equipment and time. Body-worn monitors (BWM) allow for free-living, low-cost and continuous gait measurement and produce similar covariant gait characteristics. A BWM gait model from both controlled and free-living measurement has not yet been established, limiting utility.Methods103 control and 67 PD participants completed a controlled laboratory assessment; walking for two minutes around a circuit wearing a BWM. 89 control and 58 PD participants were assessed in free-living, completing normal activities for 7 days wearing a BWM. Fourteen gait characteristics were derived from the BWM, selected according to a previous model. Principle component analysis derived factor loadings of gait characteristics.ResultsFour gait domains were derived for both groups and conditions; pace, rhythm, variability and asymmetry. Domains totalled 84.84% and 88.43% of variance for controlled and 90.00% and 93.03% of variance in free-living environments for control and PD participants respectively. Gait characteristic loading was unambiguous for all characteristics apart from gait variability which demonstrated cross-loading for both groups and environments. The model was highly congruent with the original model.ConclusionsThe conceptual gait models remained stable using a BWM in controlled and free-living environments. The model became more discrete supporting utility of the gait model for free-living gait.



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Changes in lumbopelvic rhythm during trunk extension in adolescent soccer players

Publication date: February 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 52
Author(s): Michio Tojima, Suguru Torii
Many adolescent athletes experience low back pain (LBP). Its causative factors include lower limb muscle tightness and hip–spine incoordination. Hip–spine coordination [or lumbopelvic rhythm, LPR] can be used to assess lower-limb and spine functions. We assessed the presence/absence of LBP in adolescent soccer players before and after a six-month period and divided them into four groups: no LBP both before and after the period (NBP group); LBP before but not after (PN group); LBP after but not before (NP group); and LBP both before and after (LBP group). We used a 3D motion analysis system during trunk extension to measure the lumbar spine and hip ranges of motion (ROMs). On comparing the results obtained before and after the six-month period, lumbar spine ROM decreased in the NP group, hip ROM increased in the LBP group. From before to after the period, the linear prediction indicated that, when the hip extends by 1°, the lumbar spine extends by 3.5°–3.2° for the PN group and by 3.4°–2.8° for the NP group. The NP group extended their lumbar spine excessively compared with the hip before the period, which could cause LBP, but decreased the extension after the period. Lumbar extension relative to hip extension decreased in the PN group, which could decrease excessive load on the lumbar spine and eliminate LBP. These findings suggest that to prevent LBP in adolescent soccer players, it is important to restrict lumbar spine extension relative to hip extension.



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A model of free-living gait: A factor analysis in Parkinson’s disease

Publication date: February 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 52
Author(s): Rosie Morris, Aodhán Hickey, Silvia Del Din, Alan Godfrey, Sue Lord, Lynn Rochester
IntroductionGait is a marker of global health, cognition and falls risk. Gait is complex, comprised of multiple characteristics sensitive to survival, age and pathology. Due to covariance amongst characteristics, conceptual gait models have been established to reduce redundancy and aid interpretation. Previous models have been derived from laboratory gait assessments which are costly in equipment and time. Body-worn monitors (BWM) allow for free-living, low-cost and continuous gait measurement and produce similar covariant gait characteristics. A BWM gait model from both controlled and free-living measurement has not yet been established, limiting utility.Methods103 control and 67 PD participants completed a controlled laboratory assessment; walking for two minutes around a circuit wearing a BWM. 89 control and 58 PD participants were assessed in free-living, completing normal activities for 7 days wearing a BWM. Fourteen gait characteristics were derived from the BWM, selected according to a previous model. Principle component analysis derived factor loadings of gait characteristics.ResultsFour gait domains were derived for both groups and conditions; pace, rhythm, variability and asymmetry. Domains totalled 84.84% and 88.43% of variance for controlled and 90.00% and 93.03% of variance in free-living environments for control and PD participants respectively. Gait characteristic loading was unambiguous for all characteristics apart from gait variability which demonstrated cross-loading for both groups and environments. The model was highly congruent with the original model.ConclusionsThe conceptual gait models remained stable using a BWM in controlled and free-living environments. The model became more discrete supporting utility of the gait model for free-living gait.



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Adverse effects of pesticides on central auditory functions in tobacco growers.

Adverse effects of pesticides on central auditory functions in tobacco growers.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Nov 21;:1-9

Authors: Vaz Romano FD, Bender Moreira Lacerda A, Lobato D, Ribas A, Ziliotto Dias K, Leroux T, Fuente A

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of exposure to pesticides on the central auditory functions (CAF) of Brazilian tobacco growers.
DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study carried out between 2010 and 2012. Participants were evaluated with two behavioural procedures to investigate CAF, the random gap detection test (RGDT) and the dichotic digit test in Portuguese (DDT).
STUDY SAMPLE: A total of 22 growers exposed to pesticides (study group) and 21 subjects who were not exposed to pesticides (control group) were selected.
RESULTS: No significant differences between groups were observed for pure-tone thresholds. A significant association between pesticide exposure and the results for RGDT and DDT was found. Significant differences between pesticide-exposed and nonexposed subjects were found for RGDT frequency average and DDT binaural average, when including age and hearing level as covariates. Age was significantly associated with RGDT frequency average, DDT left ear score, DDT binaural average and DDT right ear advantage. Hearing levels were not significantly associated with any of the test scores. The relative risk of failing the DDT and RGDT for the study group was 1.88 (95% CI: 1.10-3.20) and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.06-2.86), respectively, as compared with the control group.
CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that tobacco growers exposed to pesticides exhibited signs of central auditory dysfunction characterised by decrements in temporal processing and binaural integration processes/abilities.

PMID: 27869513 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Acoustic reflexes are common but not pervasive: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2012.

Acoustic reflexes are common but not pervasive: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2012.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Nov 21;:1-11

Authors: Flamme GA, Deiters KK, Tasko SM, Ahroon WA

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether acoustic reflexes are pervasive (i.e. sufficiently prevalent to provide 95% confidence of at least 95% prevalence) and might be invoked in damage-risk criteria (DRC) and health hazard assessments (HHA) for impulsive noise.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional analyses of a nationally-representative study.
STUDY SAMPLE: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data collected between 1999 and 2012 were used. Over 60 thousand reflex traces obtained from 15,106 NHANES participants were used in the study, along with demographic, audiometric, health and exposure variables obtained in that study.
RESULTS: Acoustic reflexes were not sufficiently prevalent to be deemed pervasive by any detection method or in any subgroup defined by age or audiometric characteristics. The odds of observing acoustic reflexes were greater for women, young adults, and people with better hearing sensitivity. Abnormally high tympanometric admittance and "Other" race/ethnicity (i.e. people who do not self-identify as exclusively Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, Mexican-American, or Hispanic) were associated with lower odds.
CONCLUSIONS: Acoustic reflexes are not sufficiently prevalent to be included in DRC and HHA for impulsive noise.

PMID: 27869511 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The effectiveness of commercial desiccants and uncooked rice in removing moisture from hearing aids.

The effectiveness of commercial desiccants and uncooked rice in removing moisture from hearing aids.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Nov 21;:1-7

Authors: Nelson LH, White KR, Baker DV, Hayden A, Bird S

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: In many low- and middle-income countries, the availability of hearing technology is limited, with few options for hearing aid repairs. Minimising moisture damage to hearing aid electronics improves function and longevity; however, desiccants that absorb moisture from hearing aid components are unavailable in many regions. This study compared the effectiveness of uncooked white rice and seven commercial silica gel desiccants in removing moisture from hearing aids.
DESIGN: Relative humidity measurements in a test chamber were obtained from a water-saturated BTE hearing aid prior to and after placement in uncooked white rice and seven different silica gel desiccants.
STUDY SAMPLE: Two BTE hearing aids, seven silica gel desiccants and white rice comprised the study sample.
RESULTS: All desiccants and the white rice were effective in removing moisture from hearing aids, with Hal Hen Super Dri Aid showing the largest mean reduction in relative humidity. Based on analysis of covariance results, white rice was statistically similar to several of the commercial desiccants.
CONCLUSIONS: White rice shows promise as an effective alternative to commercial desiccants in reducing moisture in hearing aids when silica gel products are unavailable. As this study was conducted in a relatively dry region, additional research may be needed.

PMID: 27869510 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Signaling in the Auditory System: Implications in Hair Cell Regeneration and Hearing Function.

Signaling in the Auditory System: Implications in Hair Cell Regeneration and Hearing Function.

J Cell Physiol. 2016 Nov 21;:

Authors: Mittal R, Debs LH, Nguyen D, Patel AP, Grati M, Mittal J, Yan D, Eshraghi AA, Liu XZ

Abstract
Ear is a sensitive organ involved in hearing and balance function. The complex signaling network in the auditory system plays a crucial role in maintaining normal physiological function of the ear. The inner ear is comprised of a variety of host signaling pathways working in synergy to deliver clear sensory messages. Any disruption, as minor as it can be, has the potential to affect this finely tuned system with temporary or permanent sequelae including vestibular deficits and hearing loss. Mutations linked to auditory symptoms, whether inherited or acquired, are being actively researched for ways to reverse, silence, or suppress them. In this article, we discuss recent advancements in understanding the pathways involved in auditory system signaling, from hair cell development through transmission to cortical centers. Our review discusses Notch and Wnt signaling, cell to cell communication through connexin and pannexin channels, and the detrimental effects of reactive oxygen species on the auditory system. There has been an increased interest in the auditory community to explore the signaling system in the ear for hair cell regeneration. Understanding signaling pathways in the auditory system will pave the way for the novel avenues to regenerate sensory hair cells and restore hearing function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 27869308 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Adverse effects of pesticides on central auditory functions in tobacco growers.

Adverse effects of pesticides on central auditory functions in tobacco growers.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Nov 21;:1-9

Authors: Vaz Romano FD, Bender Moreira Lacerda A, Lobato D, Ribas A, Ziliotto Dias K, Leroux T, Fuente A

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of exposure to pesticides on the central auditory functions (CAF) of Brazilian tobacco growers.
DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study carried out between 2010 and 2012. Participants were evaluated with two behavioural procedures to investigate CAF, the random gap detection test (RGDT) and the dichotic digit test in Portuguese (DDT).
STUDY SAMPLE: A total of 22 growers exposed to pesticides (study group) and 21 subjects who were not exposed to pesticides (control group) were selected.
RESULTS: No significant differences between groups were observed for pure-tone thresholds. A significant association between pesticide exposure and the results for RGDT and DDT was found. Significant differences between pesticide-exposed and nonexposed subjects were found for RGDT frequency average and DDT binaural average, when including age and hearing level as covariates. Age was significantly associated with RGDT frequency average, DDT left ear score, DDT binaural average and DDT right ear advantage. Hearing levels were not significantly associated with any of the test scores. The relative risk of failing the DDT and RGDT for the study group was 1.88 (95% CI: 1.10-3.20) and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.06-2.86), respectively, as compared with the control group.
CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that tobacco growers exposed to pesticides exhibited signs of central auditory dysfunction characterised by decrements in temporal processing and binaural integration processes/abilities.

PMID: 27869513 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Acoustic reflexes are common but not pervasive: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2012.

Acoustic reflexes are common but not pervasive: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2012.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Nov 21;:1-11

Authors: Flamme GA, Deiters KK, Tasko SM, Ahroon WA

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether acoustic reflexes are pervasive (i.e. sufficiently prevalent to provide 95% confidence of at least 95% prevalence) and might be invoked in damage-risk criteria (DRC) and health hazard assessments (HHA) for impulsive noise.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional analyses of a nationally-representative study.
STUDY SAMPLE: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data collected between 1999 and 2012 were used. Over 60 thousand reflex traces obtained from 15,106 NHANES participants were used in the study, along with demographic, audiometric, health and exposure variables obtained in that study.
RESULTS: Acoustic reflexes were not sufficiently prevalent to be deemed pervasive by any detection method or in any subgroup defined by age or audiometric characteristics. The odds of observing acoustic reflexes were greater for women, young adults, and people with better hearing sensitivity. Abnormally high tympanometric admittance and "Other" race/ethnicity (i.e. people who do not self-identify as exclusively Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, Mexican-American, or Hispanic) were associated with lower odds.
CONCLUSIONS: Acoustic reflexes are not sufficiently prevalent to be included in DRC and HHA for impulsive noise.

PMID: 27869511 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The effectiveness of commercial desiccants and uncooked rice in removing moisture from hearing aids.

The effectiveness of commercial desiccants and uncooked rice in removing moisture from hearing aids.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Nov 21;:1-7

Authors: Nelson LH, White KR, Baker DV, Hayden A, Bird S

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: In many low- and middle-income countries, the availability of hearing technology is limited, with few options for hearing aid repairs. Minimising moisture damage to hearing aid electronics improves function and longevity; however, desiccants that absorb moisture from hearing aid components are unavailable in many regions. This study compared the effectiveness of uncooked white rice and seven commercial silica gel desiccants in removing moisture from hearing aids.
DESIGN: Relative humidity measurements in a test chamber were obtained from a water-saturated BTE hearing aid prior to and after placement in uncooked white rice and seven different silica gel desiccants.
STUDY SAMPLE: Two BTE hearing aids, seven silica gel desiccants and white rice comprised the study sample.
RESULTS: All desiccants and the white rice were effective in removing moisture from hearing aids, with Hal Hen Super Dri Aid showing the largest mean reduction in relative humidity. Based on analysis of covariance results, white rice was statistically similar to several of the commercial desiccants.
CONCLUSIONS: White rice shows promise as an effective alternative to commercial desiccants in reducing moisture in hearing aids when silica gel products are unavailable. As this study was conducted in a relatively dry region, additional research may be needed.

PMID: 27869510 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Signaling in the Auditory System: Implications in Hair Cell Regeneration and Hearing Function.

Signaling in the Auditory System: Implications in Hair Cell Regeneration and Hearing Function.

J Cell Physiol. 2016 Nov 21;:

Authors: Mittal R, Debs LH, Nguyen D, Patel AP, Grati M, Mittal J, Yan D, Eshraghi AA, Liu XZ

Abstract
Ear is a sensitive organ involved in hearing and balance function. The complex signaling network in the auditory system plays a crucial role in maintaining normal physiological function of the ear. The inner ear is comprised of a variety of host signaling pathways working in synergy to deliver clear sensory messages. Any disruption, as minor as it can be, has the potential to affect this finely tuned system with temporary or permanent sequelae including vestibular deficits and hearing loss. Mutations linked to auditory symptoms, whether inherited or acquired, are being actively researched for ways to reverse, silence, or suppress them. In this article, we discuss recent advancements in understanding the pathways involved in auditory system signaling, from hair cell development through transmission to cortical centers. Our review discusses Notch and Wnt signaling, cell to cell communication through connexin and pannexin channels, and the detrimental effects of reactive oxygen species on the auditory system. There has been an increased interest in the auditory community to explore the signaling system in the ear for hair cell regeneration. Understanding signaling pathways in the auditory system will pave the way for the novel avenues to regenerate sensory hair cells and restore hearing function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 27869308 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Adverse effects of pesticides on central auditory functions in tobacco growers.

Adverse effects of pesticides on central auditory functions in tobacco growers.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Nov 21;:1-9

Authors: Vaz Romano FD, Bender Moreira Lacerda A, Lobato D, Ribas A, Ziliotto Dias K, Leroux T, Fuente A

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of exposure to pesticides on the central auditory functions (CAF) of Brazilian tobacco growers.
DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study carried out between 2010 and 2012. Participants were evaluated with two behavioural procedures to investigate CAF, the random gap detection test (RGDT) and the dichotic digit test in Portuguese (DDT).
STUDY SAMPLE: A total of 22 growers exposed to pesticides (study group) and 21 subjects who were not exposed to pesticides (control group) were selected.
RESULTS: No significant differences between groups were observed for pure-tone thresholds. A significant association between pesticide exposure and the results for RGDT and DDT was found. Significant differences between pesticide-exposed and nonexposed subjects were found for RGDT frequency average and DDT binaural average, when including age and hearing level as covariates. Age was significantly associated with RGDT frequency average, DDT left ear score, DDT binaural average and DDT right ear advantage. Hearing levels were not significantly associated with any of the test scores. The relative risk of failing the DDT and RGDT for the study group was 1.88 (95% CI: 1.10-3.20) and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.06-2.86), respectively, as compared with the control group.
CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that tobacco growers exposed to pesticides exhibited signs of central auditory dysfunction characterised by decrements in temporal processing and binaural integration processes/abilities.

PMID: 27869513 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Acoustic reflexes are common but not pervasive: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2012.

Acoustic reflexes are common but not pervasive: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2012.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Nov 21;:1-11

Authors: Flamme GA, Deiters KK, Tasko SM, Ahroon WA

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether acoustic reflexes are pervasive (i.e. sufficiently prevalent to provide 95% confidence of at least 95% prevalence) and might be invoked in damage-risk criteria (DRC) and health hazard assessments (HHA) for impulsive noise.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional analyses of a nationally-representative study.
STUDY SAMPLE: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data collected between 1999 and 2012 were used. Over 60 thousand reflex traces obtained from 15,106 NHANES participants were used in the study, along with demographic, audiometric, health and exposure variables obtained in that study.
RESULTS: Acoustic reflexes were not sufficiently prevalent to be deemed pervasive by any detection method or in any subgroup defined by age or audiometric characteristics. The odds of observing acoustic reflexes were greater for women, young adults, and people with better hearing sensitivity. Abnormally high tympanometric admittance and "Other" race/ethnicity (i.e. people who do not self-identify as exclusively Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, Mexican-American, or Hispanic) were associated with lower odds.
CONCLUSIONS: Acoustic reflexes are not sufficiently prevalent to be included in DRC and HHA for impulsive noise.

PMID: 27869511 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The effectiveness of commercial desiccants and uncooked rice in removing moisture from hearing aids.

The effectiveness of commercial desiccants and uncooked rice in removing moisture from hearing aids.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Nov 21;:1-7

Authors: Nelson LH, White KR, Baker DV, Hayden A, Bird S

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: In many low- and middle-income countries, the availability of hearing technology is limited, with few options for hearing aid repairs. Minimising moisture damage to hearing aid electronics improves function and longevity; however, desiccants that absorb moisture from hearing aid components are unavailable in many regions. This study compared the effectiveness of uncooked white rice and seven commercial silica gel desiccants in removing moisture from hearing aids.
DESIGN: Relative humidity measurements in a test chamber were obtained from a water-saturated BTE hearing aid prior to and after placement in uncooked white rice and seven different silica gel desiccants.
STUDY SAMPLE: Two BTE hearing aids, seven silica gel desiccants and white rice comprised the study sample.
RESULTS: All desiccants and the white rice were effective in removing moisture from hearing aids, with Hal Hen Super Dri Aid showing the largest mean reduction in relative humidity. Based on analysis of covariance results, white rice was statistically similar to several of the commercial desiccants.
CONCLUSIONS: White rice shows promise as an effective alternative to commercial desiccants in reducing moisture in hearing aids when silica gel products are unavailable. As this study was conducted in a relatively dry region, additional research may be needed.

PMID: 27869510 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Adverse effects of pesticides on central auditory functions in tobacco growers.

Adverse effects of pesticides on central auditory functions in tobacco growers.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Nov 21;:1-9

Authors: Vaz Romano FD, Bender Moreira Lacerda A, Lobato D, Ribas A, Ziliotto Dias K, Leroux T, Fuente A

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of exposure to pesticides on the central auditory functions (CAF) of Brazilian tobacco growers.
DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study carried out between 2010 and 2012. Participants were evaluated with two behavioural procedures to investigate CAF, the random gap detection test (RGDT) and the dichotic digit test in Portuguese (DDT).
STUDY SAMPLE: A total of 22 growers exposed to pesticides (study group) and 21 subjects who were not exposed to pesticides (control group) were selected.
RESULTS: No significant differences between groups were observed for pure-tone thresholds. A significant association between pesticide exposure and the results for RGDT and DDT was found. Significant differences between pesticide-exposed and nonexposed subjects were found for RGDT frequency average and DDT binaural average, when including age and hearing level as covariates. Age was significantly associated with RGDT frequency average, DDT left ear score, DDT binaural average and DDT right ear advantage. Hearing levels were not significantly associated with any of the test scores. The relative risk of failing the DDT and RGDT for the study group was 1.88 (95% CI: 1.10-3.20) and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.06-2.86), respectively, as compared with the control group.
CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that tobacco growers exposed to pesticides exhibited signs of central auditory dysfunction characterised by decrements in temporal processing and binaural integration processes/abilities.

PMID: 27869513 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Acoustic reflexes are common but not pervasive: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2012.

Acoustic reflexes are common but not pervasive: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2012.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Nov 21;:1-11

Authors: Flamme GA, Deiters KK, Tasko SM, Ahroon WA

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether acoustic reflexes are pervasive (i.e. sufficiently prevalent to provide 95% confidence of at least 95% prevalence) and might be invoked in damage-risk criteria (DRC) and health hazard assessments (HHA) for impulsive noise.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional analyses of a nationally-representative study.
STUDY SAMPLE: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data collected between 1999 and 2012 were used. Over 60 thousand reflex traces obtained from 15,106 NHANES participants were used in the study, along with demographic, audiometric, health and exposure variables obtained in that study.
RESULTS: Acoustic reflexes were not sufficiently prevalent to be deemed pervasive by any detection method or in any subgroup defined by age or audiometric characteristics. The odds of observing acoustic reflexes were greater for women, young adults, and people with better hearing sensitivity. Abnormally high tympanometric admittance and "Other" race/ethnicity (i.e. people who do not self-identify as exclusively Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic Black, Mexican-American, or Hispanic) were associated with lower odds.
CONCLUSIONS: Acoustic reflexes are not sufficiently prevalent to be included in DRC and HHA for impulsive noise.

PMID: 27869511 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The effectiveness of commercial desiccants and uncooked rice in removing moisture from hearing aids.

The effectiveness of commercial desiccants and uncooked rice in removing moisture from hearing aids.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Nov 21;:1-7

Authors: Nelson LH, White KR, Baker DV, Hayden A, Bird S

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: In many low- and middle-income countries, the availability of hearing technology is limited, with few options for hearing aid repairs. Minimising moisture damage to hearing aid electronics improves function and longevity; however, desiccants that absorb moisture from hearing aid components are unavailable in many regions. This study compared the effectiveness of uncooked white rice and seven commercial silica gel desiccants in removing moisture from hearing aids.
DESIGN: Relative humidity measurements in a test chamber were obtained from a water-saturated BTE hearing aid prior to and after placement in uncooked white rice and seven different silica gel desiccants.
STUDY SAMPLE: Two BTE hearing aids, seven silica gel desiccants and white rice comprised the study sample.
RESULTS: All desiccants and the white rice were effective in removing moisture from hearing aids, with Hal Hen Super Dri Aid showing the largest mean reduction in relative humidity. Based on analysis of covariance results, white rice was statistically similar to several of the commercial desiccants.
CONCLUSIONS: White rice shows promise as an effective alternative to commercial desiccants in reducing moisture in hearing aids when silica gel products are unavailable. As this study was conducted in a relatively dry region, additional research may be needed.

PMID: 27869510 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Hearing aid fitting and fine-tuning based on estimated individual traits

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The effects of elevated hearing thresholds on performance in a paintball simulation of individual dismounted combat

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What can 35 years and over 700,000 measurements tell us about noise exposure in the mining industry?

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Adverse effects of pesticides on central auditory functions in tobacco growers

.


from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2f231jV
via IFTTT

The effectiveness of commercial desiccants and uncooked rice in removing moisture from hearing aids

.


from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2fkPa3d
via IFTTT

Acoustic reflexes are common but not pervasive: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2012

.


from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2f25HO9
via IFTTT

Hearing aid fitting and fine-tuning based on estimated individual traits

.


from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2fkJypB
via IFTTT

The effects of elevated hearing thresholds on performance in a paintball simulation of individual dismounted combat

.


from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2f21vOK
via IFTTT

What can 35 years and over 700,000 measurements tell us about noise exposure in the mining industry?

.


from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2fkPGhT
via IFTTT

Adverse effects of pesticides on central auditory functions in tobacco growers

.


from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2f231jV
via IFTTT

The effectiveness of commercial desiccants and uncooked rice in removing moisture from hearing aids

.


from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2fkPa3d
via IFTTT

Acoustic reflexes are common but not pervasive: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2012

.


from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2f25HO9
via IFTTT

Hearing aid fitting and fine-tuning based on estimated individual traits

.


from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2fkJypB
via IFTTT

The effects of elevated hearing thresholds on performance in a paintball simulation of individual dismounted combat

.


from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2f21vOK
via IFTTT

What can 35 years and over 700,000 measurements tell us about noise exposure in the mining industry?

.


from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2fkPGhT
via IFTTT

Adverse effects of pesticides on central auditory functions in tobacco growers

.


from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2f231jV
via IFTTT

The effectiveness of commercial desiccants and uncooked rice in removing moisture from hearing aids

.


from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2fkPa3d
via IFTTT

Acoustic reflexes are common but not pervasive: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2012

.


from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2f25HO9
via IFTTT

Targeted Resequencing of Deafness Genes Reveals a Founder MYO15A Variant in Northeastern Brazil.

Targeted Resequencing of Deafness Genes Reveals a Founder MYO15A Variant in Northeastern Brazil.

Ann Hum Genet. 2016 Nov;80(6):327-331

Authors: Manzoli GN, Bademci G, Acosta AX, Félix TM, Cengiz FB, Foster J, Da Silva DS, Menendez I, Sanchez-Pena I, Tekin D, Blanton SH, Abe-Sandes K, Liu XZ, Tekin M

Abstract
Identifying the genetic etiology in a person with hearing loss (HL) is challenging due to the extreme genetic heterogeneity in HL and the population-specific variability. In this study, after excluding GJB2 variants, targeted resequencing of 180 deafness-related genes revealed the causative variants in 11 of 19 (58%) Brazilian probands with autosomal recessive HL. Identified pathogenic variants were in MYO15A (10 families) and CLDN14 (one family). Remarkably, the MYO15A p.(Val1400Met) variant was identified in eight families from the city of Monte Santo in the northeast region of Brazil. Haplotype analysis of this variant was consistent with a single founder. No other cases with this variant were detected among 105 simplex cases from other cities of northeastern Brazil, suggesting that this variant is confined to a geographical region. This study suggests that it is feasible to develop population-specific screening for deafness variants once causative variants are identified in different geographical groups.

PMID: 27870113 [PubMed - in process]

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Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emission Measured Below 300 Hz in Normal-Hearing Human Subjects

Abstract

Physiological noise levels in the human ear canal often exceed naturally low levels of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) near the threshold of hearing. Low-frequency noise, and electronic filtering to cope with it, has effectively limited the study of OAE to frequencies above about 500 Hz. Presently, a custom-built low-frequency acoustic probe was put to use in 21 normal-hearing human subjects (of 34 recruited). Distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) was measured in the enclosed ear canal volume as the response to two simultaneously presented tones with frequencies f ₁ and f ₂. The stimulus–frequency ratio f ₂/f ₁ was varied systematically to find the “optimal” ratio evoking the largest level at 2 f ₁−f ₂ frequencies 87.9, 176, and 264 Hz. No reference data exist in this frequency region. Results show that DPOAE exists down to at least 87.9 Hz, maintaining the bell-shaped dependence on the f ₂/f ₁ ratio known from higher frequencies. Toward low frequencies, however, the bell broadens and the optimal ratio increases proportionally to the bandwidth of an auditory filter as defined by the equivalent rectangular bandwidth. The DPOAE phase rotates monotonously as a function of the stimulus ratio, and its slope trend supports the notion of a lack of scaling symmetry in the apex of the cochlea.

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