Objective: To examine the objective and subjective outcome of a new transcutaneous bone conduction hearing device. Study Design: Prospective, consecutive case series. Patients: Twelve patients were implanted. Eight patients had a conductive/mixed (con/mix) hearing loss. Four had single sided deafness. Main Outcome Measures: At half-year follow-up, aided and unaided sound field hearing was evaluated by 1) warble tone thresholds, 2) pure-tone average (PTA4), 3) speech discrimination score (SDS) in quiet, and 4) speech reception threshold 50% at 70 dB SPL noise level (SRT50%). Subjective outcome was evaluated by three questionnaires: 1) International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids, 2) Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale 12, and 3) a questionnaire on frequency and duration of use. Results: No major complications occurred. The mean aided PTA4 was lowered by 23 dB. SDS was increased by 40% at 50 dB, by 34% at 65 dB, and by 12% at 80 dB SPL. SRT50% in noise improved 5.2 dB. 58% of the patients used the device daily and 83% at least 5 days a week. 50% used the device >=8 hours and 75% >= 4 hours a day. Mean International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids score was 3.7, corresponding to beneficial outcome. In Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale 12, "quality of hearing" scored especially high. The con/mix hearing loss group showed larger benefit especially in SDS, SRT50% in noise and the subjective evaluations, whereas frequency and duration of use were similar. Conclusion: This study on the first 12 Nordic patients implanted with a new transcutaneous bone conduction hearing device demonstrates significant objective, as well as subjective hearing benefit. Patient satisfaction was high, as was the frequency of use. Copyright (C) 2016 by Otology & Neurotology, Inc. Image copyright (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health/Anatomical Chart Company
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Τετάρτη 10 Φεβρουαρίου 2016
Dynamic Range Across Music Genres and the Perception of Dynamic Compression in Hearing-Impaired Listeners
Dynamic range compression serves different purposes in the music and hearing-aid industries. In the music industry, it is used to make music louder and more attractive to normal-hearing listeners. In the hearing-aid industry, it is used to map the variable dynamic range of acoustic signals to the reduced dynamic range of hearing-impaired listeners. Hence, hearing-aided listeners will typically receive a dual dose of compression when listening to recorded music. The present study involved an acoustic analysis of dynamic range across a cross section of recorded music as well as a perceptual study comparing the efficacy of different compression schemes. The acoustic analysis revealed that the dynamic range of samples from popular genres, such as rock or rap, was generally smaller than the dynamic range of samples from classical genres, such as opera and orchestra. By comparison, the dynamic range of speech, based on recordings of monologues in quiet, was larger than the dynamic range of all music genres tested. The perceptual study compared the effect of the prescription rule NAL-NL2 with a semicompressive and a linear scheme. Music subjected to linear processing had the highest ratings for dynamics and quality, followed by the semicompressive and the NAL-NL2 setting. These findings advise against NAL-NL2 as a prescription rule for recorded music and recommend linear settings.
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Dynamic Range Across Music Genres and the Perception of Dynamic Compression in Hearing-Impaired Listeners
Dynamic range compression serves different purposes in the music and hearing-aid industries. In the music industry, it is used to make music louder and more attractive to normal-hearing listeners. In the hearing-aid industry, it is used to map the variable dynamic range of acoustic signals to the reduced dynamic range of hearing-impaired listeners. Hence, hearing-aided listeners will typically receive a dual dose of compression when listening to recorded music. The present study involved an acoustic analysis of dynamic range across a cross section of recorded music as well as a perceptual study comparing the efficacy of different compression schemes. The acoustic analysis revealed that the dynamic range of samples from popular genres, such as rock or rap, was generally smaller than the dynamic range of samples from classical genres, such as opera and orchestra. By comparison, the dynamic range of speech, based on recordings of monologues in quiet, was larger than the dynamic range of all music genres tested. The perceptual study compared the effect of the prescription rule NAL-NL2 with a semicompressive and a linear scheme. Music subjected to linear processing had the highest ratings for dynamics and quality, followed by the semicompressive and the NAL-NL2 setting. These findings advise against NAL-NL2 as a prescription rule for recorded music and recommend linear settings.
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Dynamic Range Across Music Genres and the Perception of Dynamic Compression in Hearing-Impaired Listeners
Dynamic range compression serves different purposes in the music and hearing-aid industries. In the music industry, it is used to make music louder and more attractive to normal-hearing listeners. In the hearing-aid industry, it is used to map the variable dynamic range of acoustic signals to the reduced dynamic range of hearing-impaired listeners. Hence, hearing-aided listeners will typically receive a dual dose of compression when listening to recorded music. The present study involved an acoustic analysis of dynamic range across a cross section of recorded music as well as a perceptual study comparing the efficacy of different compression schemes. The acoustic analysis revealed that the dynamic range of samples from popular genres, such as rock or rap, was generally smaller than the dynamic range of samples from classical genres, such as opera and orchestra. By comparison, the dynamic range of speech, based on recordings of monologues in quiet, was larger than the dynamic range of all music genres tested. The perceptual study compared the effect of the prescription rule NAL-NL2 with a semicompressive and a linear scheme. Music subjected to linear processing had the highest ratings for dynamics and quality, followed by the semicompressive and the NAL-NL2 setting. These findings advise against NAL-NL2 as a prescription rule for recorded music and recommend linear settings.
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Starkey Tinnitus Masker
New Device Brings Relief from Tinnitus Symptoms
Tinnitus is an unusual condition that causes many individuals to suffer on a daily basis from strange symptoms. The individuals with tinnitus report hearing strange sounds in their ears either constantly or intermittently. In some cases, an individual has incurred a trauma to the inner ear or had an infection that might have led to the odd noises, but there is often no reason for having tinnitus. Thousands of individuals have tinnitus, and medical researchers are seeking solutions to make life easier for anyone with the condition. Starkey Hearing Technologies has created the Starkey Tinnitus Masker to assist individuals diagnosed with ringing in the ears.
Reduce Tinnitus Discomfort
Each Starkey Tinnitus Masker is personalized by an audiologist to reduce the discomfort caused by strange noises in the ear canal. This means that with patent-pending Multiflex Tinnitus Technology that an individual with tinnitus can find relief from these noises:
• Chirping
• Roaring
• Clicking
• Hammering
• Ringing
What is this New Device for Tinnitus?
Only someone with tinnitus can understand why it is important to find devices that can reduce the stress of hearing constant sounds inside that ear that no one else can hear. Starkey Hearing Technologies has created a device that is similar to a hearing aid. This device is a form of modern sound technology that creates a sound that soothes the horrible noises caused by tinnitus. You may have seen tiny hearing aids that fit inside the ear where no one can see the devices, and the Starkey Tinnitus Masker is made the same way.
What are the Benefits of this New Technology?
Here are the benefits from this new technology that is designed to mask the sounds caused by tinnitus:
• Wearable all day and through the night
• Is barely noticeable in the ear
• Is fine-tunable to meet the user’s needs
• Simple to use with touch-of-the finger volume control
• A memory control to keep the device at the same setting
• Compatibility with other tinnitus sound therapies
• Affordable with insurance or financing programs
Does it work?
It’s difficult to say if this type of sound therapy is efficacious without reviewing the available evidence first. As more data comes out in the literature, we’ll be able to say with greater confidence if this variant of sound therapy is of use or not.
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Book Review
Volume 55, Issue 3, March 2016, pages 195-195<br/>10.3109/14992027.2015.1114185<br/>Brennan Marc
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Book Review
Volume 55, Issue 3, March 2016, pages 195-195<br/>10.3109/14992027.2015.1114185<br/>Brennan Marc
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Book Review
Volume 55, Issue 3, March 2016, pages 195-195<br/>10.3109/14992027.2015.1114185<br/>Brennan Marc
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Book Review
Volume 55, Issue 3, March 2016, pages 195-195<br/>10.3109/14992027.2015.1114185<br/>Brennan Marc
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Book Review
Volume 55, Issue 3, March 2016, pages 195-195<br/>10.3109/14992027.2015.1114185<br/>Brennan Marc
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Sensitivity of the Cochlear Nerve to Acoustic and Electrical Stimulation Months After a Vestibular Labyrinthectomy in Guinea Pigs
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): D.J. Brown, P. Mukherjee, C. Pastras, W.P. Gibson, I.S. Curthoys
Single-sided deafness patients are now being considered candidates to receive a cochlear implant. With this, many people who have undergone a unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy for the treatment of chronic vertigo are now being considered for cochlear implantation. There is still some concern regarding the potential efficacy of cochlear implants in these patients, where factors such as cochlear fibrosis or nerve degeneration following unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy may preclude their use. Here, we have performed a unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy in normally hearing guinea pigs, and allowed them to recover for either 6 weeks, or 10 months, before assessing morphological and functional changes related to cochlear implantation. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy was used to assess gross morphology throughout the entire ear. Whole nerve responses to acoustic, vibrational, or electrical stimuli were used as functional measures. Mild cellular infiltration was observed at 6 weeks, and to a lesser extent at 10 months after labyrinthectomy. Following labyrinthectomy, cochlear sensitivity to high-frequency acoustic tone-bursts was reduced by 16 ±4 dB, vestibular sensitivity was almost entirely abolished, and electrical sensitivity was only mildly reduced. These results support recent clinical findings that patients who have received a vestibular labyrinthectomy may still benefit from a cochlear implant.
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Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): D.J. Brown, P. Mukherjee, C. Pastras, W.P. Gibson, I.S. Curthoys
Single-sided deafness patients are now being considered candidates to receive a cochlear implant. With this, many people who have undergone a unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy for the treatment of chronic vertigo are now being considered for cochlear implantation. There is still some concern regarding the potential efficacy of cochlear implants in these patients, where factors such as cochlear fibrosis or nerve degeneration following unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy may preclude their use. Here, we have performed a unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy in normally hearing guinea pigs, and allowed them to recover for either 6 weeks, or 10 months, before assessing morphological and functional changes related to cochlear implantation. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy was used to assess gross morphology throughout the entire ear. Whole nerve responses to acoustic, vibrational, or electrical stimuli were used as functional measures. Mild cellular infiltration was observed at 6 weeks, and to a lesser extent at 10 months after labyrinthectomy. Following labyrinthectomy, cochlear sensitivity to high-frequency acoustic tone-bursts was reduced by 16 ±4 dB, vestibular sensitivity was almost entirely abolished, and electrical sensitivity was only mildly reduced. These results support recent clinical findings that patients who have received a vestibular labyrinthectomy may still benefit from a cochlear implant.
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The role of connectivity and stochastic osteocyte behavior in the distribution of perilabyrinthine bone degeneration. A Monte Carlo based simulation study
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Sune Land Bloch, Mads Sølvsten Sørensen
Previous studies of undecalcified temporal bones labeled with fluorescent tissue time markers and basic fuchsine have documented the unique spatial and temporal patterns underlying inner ear bone development, morphology and degeneration, and has led to the identification of inner ear OPG as the candidate inhibiter of perilabyrinthine bone resorption. Resulting age related excessive matrix microdamage, osteocyte death and degeneration of the OPG signaling pathway is expected to trigger bone remodeling in the otic capsule, but when this happens the morphology of the remodeling bone is abnormal and the distribution is not entirely smooth and predictable, but rather multifocal and chaotic with a centripetal predilection at the window regions, as in otosclerosis.Based on the observed histological patterns, the fundamental preconditions of perilabyrinthine bone cell behavior can be deduced. When this information is used to generate a virtual computer representation of the cellular signaling network, the fate of the aging network can be studied by ‘virtual histology’ in any number of simulated ‘individuals’.We demonstrate how a combination of simple osteocyte survival functions derived from histological observations and the effect of connectivity may account for gradual centripetal degeneration as well as occasional focal degeneration of the cellular anti resorptive signaling pathway around the fluid space of the inner ear and create a permissive environment for otosclerosis.
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Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Sune Land Bloch, Mads Sølvsten Sørensen
Previous studies of undecalcified temporal bones labeled with fluorescent tissue time markers and basic fuchsine have documented the unique spatial and temporal patterns underlying inner ear bone development, morphology and degeneration, and has led to the identification of inner ear OPG as the candidate inhibiter of perilabyrinthine bone resorption. Resulting age related excessive matrix microdamage, osteocyte death and degeneration of the OPG signaling pathway is expected to trigger bone remodeling in the otic capsule, but when this happens the morphology of the remodeling bone is abnormal and the distribution is not entirely smooth and predictable, but rather multifocal and chaotic with a centripetal predilection at the window regions, as in otosclerosis.Based on the observed histological patterns, the fundamental preconditions of perilabyrinthine bone cell behavior can be deduced. When this information is used to generate a virtual computer representation of the cellular signaling network, the fate of the aging network can be studied by ‘virtual histology’ in any number of simulated ‘individuals’.We demonstrate how a combination of simple osteocyte survival functions derived from histological observations and the effect of connectivity may account for gradual centripetal degeneration as well as occasional focal degeneration of the cellular anti resorptive signaling pathway around the fluid space of the inner ear and create a permissive environment for otosclerosis.
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Sensitivity of the Cochlear Nerve to Acoustic and Electrical Stimulation Months After a Vestibular Labyrinthectomy in Guinea Pigs
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): D.J. Brown, P. Mukherjee, C. Pastras, W.P. Gibson, I.S. Curthoys
Single-sided deafness patients are now being considered candidates to receive a cochlear implant. With this, many people who have undergone a unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy for the treatment of chronic vertigo are now being considered for cochlear implantation. There is still some concern regarding the potential efficacy of cochlear implants in these patients, where factors such as cochlear fibrosis or nerve degeneration following unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy may preclude their use. Here, we have performed a unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy in normally hearing guinea pigs, and allowed them to recover for either 6 weeks, or 10 months, before assessing morphological and functional changes related to cochlear implantation. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy was used to assess gross morphology throughout the entire ear. Whole nerve responses to acoustic, vibrational, or electrical stimuli were used as functional measures. Mild cellular infiltration was observed at 6 weeks, and to a lesser extent at 10 months after labyrinthectomy. Following labyrinthectomy, cochlear sensitivity to high-frequency acoustic tone-bursts was reduced by 16 ±4 dB, vestibular sensitivity was almost entirely abolished, and electrical sensitivity was only mildly reduced. These results support recent clinical findings that patients who have received a vestibular labyrinthectomy may still benefit from a cochlear implant.
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Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): D.J. Brown, P. Mukherjee, C. Pastras, W.P. Gibson, I.S. Curthoys
Single-sided deafness patients are now being considered candidates to receive a cochlear implant. With this, many people who have undergone a unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy for the treatment of chronic vertigo are now being considered for cochlear implantation. There is still some concern regarding the potential efficacy of cochlear implants in these patients, where factors such as cochlear fibrosis or nerve degeneration following unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy may preclude their use. Here, we have performed a unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy in normally hearing guinea pigs, and allowed them to recover for either 6 weeks, or 10 months, before assessing morphological and functional changes related to cochlear implantation. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy was used to assess gross morphology throughout the entire ear. Whole nerve responses to acoustic, vibrational, or electrical stimuli were used as functional measures. Mild cellular infiltration was observed at 6 weeks, and to a lesser extent at 10 months after labyrinthectomy. Following labyrinthectomy, cochlear sensitivity to high-frequency acoustic tone-bursts was reduced by 16 ±4 dB, vestibular sensitivity was almost entirely abolished, and electrical sensitivity was only mildly reduced. These results support recent clinical findings that patients who have received a vestibular labyrinthectomy may still benefit from a cochlear implant.
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The role of connectivity and stochastic osteocyte behavior in the distribution of perilabyrinthine bone degeneration. A Monte Carlo based simulation study
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Sune Land Bloch, Mads Sølvsten Sørensen
Previous studies of undecalcified temporal bones labeled with fluorescent tissue time markers and basic fuchsine have documented the unique spatial and temporal patterns underlying inner ear bone development, morphology and degeneration, and has led to the identification of inner ear OPG as the candidate inhibiter of perilabyrinthine bone resorption. Resulting age related excessive matrix microdamage, osteocyte death and degeneration of the OPG signaling pathway is expected to trigger bone remodeling in the otic capsule, but when this happens the morphology of the remodeling bone is abnormal and the distribution is not entirely smooth and predictable, but rather multifocal and chaotic with a centripetal predilection at the window regions, as in otosclerosis.Based on the observed histological patterns, the fundamental preconditions of perilabyrinthine bone cell behavior can be deduced. When this information is used to generate a virtual computer representation of the cellular signaling network, the fate of the aging network can be studied by ‘virtual histology’ in any number of simulated ‘individuals’.We demonstrate how a combination of simple osteocyte survival functions derived from histological observations and the effect of connectivity may account for gradual centripetal degeneration as well as occasional focal degeneration of the cellular anti resorptive signaling pathway around the fluid space of the inner ear and create a permissive environment for otosclerosis.
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Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Sune Land Bloch, Mads Sølvsten Sørensen
Previous studies of undecalcified temporal bones labeled with fluorescent tissue time markers and basic fuchsine have documented the unique spatial and temporal patterns underlying inner ear bone development, morphology and degeneration, and has led to the identification of inner ear OPG as the candidate inhibiter of perilabyrinthine bone resorption. Resulting age related excessive matrix microdamage, osteocyte death and degeneration of the OPG signaling pathway is expected to trigger bone remodeling in the otic capsule, but when this happens the morphology of the remodeling bone is abnormal and the distribution is not entirely smooth and predictable, but rather multifocal and chaotic with a centripetal predilection at the window regions, as in otosclerosis.Based on the observed histological patterns, the fundamental preconditions of perilabyrinthine bone cell behavior can be deduced. When this information is used to generate a virtual computer representation of the cellular signaling network, the fate of the aging network can be studied by ‘virtual histology’ in any number of simulated ‘individuals’.We demonstrate how a combination of simple osteocyte survival functions derived from histological observations and the effect of connectivity may account for gradual centripetal degeneration as well as occasional focal degeneration of the cellular anti resorptive signaling pathway around the fluid space of the inner ear and create a permissive environment for otosclerosis.
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Sensitivity of the Cochlear Nerve to Acoustic and Electrical Stimulation Months After a Vestibular Labyrinthectomy in Guinea Pigs
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): D.J. Brown, P. Mukherjee, C. Pastras, W.P. Gibson, I.S. Curthoys
Single-sided deafness patients are now being considered candidates to receive a cochlear implant. With this, many people who have undergone a unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy for the treatment of chronic vertigo are now being considered for cochlear implantation. There is still some concern regarding the potential efficacy of cochlear implants in these patients, where factors such as cochlear fibrosis or nerve degeneration following unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy may preclude their use. Here, we have performed a unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy in normally hearing guinea pigs, and allowed them to recover for either 6 weeks, or 10 months, before assessing morphological and functional changes related to cochlear implantation. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy was used to assess gross morphology throughout the entire ear. Whole nerve responses to acoustic, vibrational, or electrical stimuli were used as functional measures. Mild cellular infiltration was observed at 6 weeks, and to a lesser extent at 10 months after labyrinthectomy. Following labyrinthectomy, cochlear sensitivity to high-frequency acoustic tone-bursts was reduced by 16 ±4 dB, vestibular sensitivity was almost entirely abolished, and electrical sensitivity was only mildly reduced. These results support recent clinical findings that patients who have received a vestibular labyrinthectomy may still benefit from a cochlear implant.
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Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): D.J. Brown, P. Mukherjee, C. Pastras, W.P. Gibson, I.S. Curthoys
Single-sided deafness patients are now being considered candidates to receive a cochlear implant. With this, many people who have undergone a unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy for the treatment of chronic vertigo are now being considered for cochlear implantation. There is still some concern regarding the potential efficacy of cochlear implants in these patients, where factors such as cochlear fibrosis or nerve degeneration following unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy may preclude their use. Here, we have performed a unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy in normally hearing guinea pigs, and allowed them to recover for either 6 weeks, or 10 months, before assessing morphological and functional changes related to cochlear implantation. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy was used to assess gross morphology throughout the entire ear. Whole nerve responses to acoustic, vibrational, or electrical stimuli were used as functional measures. Mild cellular infiltration was observed at 6 weeks, and to a lesser extent at 10 months after labyrinthectomy. Following labyrinthectomy, cochlear sensitivity to high-frequency acoustic tone-bursts was reduced by 16 ±4 dB, vestibular sensitivity was almost entirely abolished, and electrical sensitivity was only mildly reduced. These results support recent clinical findings that patients who have received a vestibular labyrinthectomy may still benefit from a cochlear implant.
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The role of connectivity and stochastic osteocyte behavior in the distribution of perilabyrinthine bone degeneration. A Monte Carlo based simulation study
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Sune Land Bloch, Mads Sølvsten Sørensen
Previous studies of undecalcified temporal bones labeled with fluorescent tissue time markers and basic fuchsine have documented the unique spatial and temporal patterns underlying inner ear bone development, morphology and degeneration, and has led to the identification of inner ear OPG as the candidate inhibiter of perilabyrinthine bone resorption. Resulting age related excessive matrix microdamage, osteocyte death and degeneration of the OPG signaling pathway is expected to trigger bone remodeling in the otic capsule, but when this happens the morphology of the remodeling bone is abnormal and the distribution is not entirely smooth and predictable, but rather multifocal and chaotic with a centripetal predilection at the window regions, as in otosclerosis.Based on the observed histological patterns, the fundamental preconditions of perilabyrinthine bone cell behavior can be deduced. When this information is used to generate a virtual computer representation of the cellular signaling network, the fate of the aging network can be studied by ‘virtual histology’ in any number of simulated ‘individuals’.We demonstrate how a combination of simple osteocyte survival functions derived from histological observations and the effect of connectivity may account for gradual centripetal degeneration as well as occasional focal degeneration of the cellular anti resorptive signaling pathway around the fluid space of the inner ear and create a permissive environment for otosclerosis.
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Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Sune Land Bloch, Mads Sølvsten Sørensen
Previous studies of undecalcified temporal bones labeled with fluorescent tissue time markers and basic fuchsine have documented the unique spatial and temporal patterns underlying inner ear bone development, morphology and degeneration, and has led to the identification of inner ear OPG as the candidate inhibiter of perilabyrinthine bone resorption. Resulting age related excessive matrix microdamage, osteocyte death and degeneration of the OPG signaling pathway is expected to trigger bone remodeling in the otic capsule, but when this happens the morphology of the remodeling bone is abnormal and the distribution is not entirely smooth and predictable, but rather multifocal and chaotic with a centripetal predilection at the window regions, as in otosclerosis.Based on the observed histological patterns, the fundamental preconditions of perilabyrinthine bone cell behavior can be deduced. When this information is used to generate a virtual computer representation of the cellular signaling network, the fate of the aging network can be studied by ‘virtual histology’ in any number of simulated ‘individuals’.We demonstrate how a combination of simple osteocyte survival functions derived from histological observations and the effect of connectivity may account for gradual centripetal degeneration as well as occasional focal degeneration of the cellular anti resorptive signaling pathway around the fluid space of the inner ear and create a permissive environment for otosclerosis.
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Sensitivity of the Cochlear Nerve to Acoustic and Electrical Stimulation Months After a Vestibular Labyrinthectomy in Guinea Pigs
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): D.J. Brown, P. Mukherjee, C. Pastras, W.P. Gibson, I.S. Curthoys
Single-sided deafness patients are now being considered candidates to receive a cochlear implant. With this, many people who have undergone a unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy for the treatment of chronic vertigo are now being considered for cochlear implantation. There is still some concern regarding the potential efficacy of cochlear implants in these patients, where factors such as cochlear fibrosis or nerve degeneration following unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy may preclude their use. Here, we have performed a unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy in normally hearing guinea pigs, and allowed them to recover for either 6 weeks, or 10 months, before assessing morphological and functional changes related to cochlear implantation. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy was used to assess gross morphology throughout the entire ear. Whole nerve responses to acoustic, vibrational, or electrical stimuli were used as functional measures. Mild cellular infiltration was observed at 6 weeks, and to a lesser extent at 10 months after labyrinthectomy. Following labyrinthectomy, cochlear sensitivity to high-frequency acoustic tone-bursts was reduced by 16 ±4 dB, vestibular sensitivity was almost entirely abolished, and electrical sensitivity was only mildly reduced. These results support recent clinical findings that patients who have received a vestibular labyrinthectomy may still benefit from a cochlear implant.
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Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): D.J. Brown, P. Mukherjee, C. Pastras, W.P. Gibson, I.S. Curthoys
Single-sided deafness patients are now being considered candidates to receive a cochlear implant. With this, many people who have undergone a unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy for the treatment of chronic vertigo are now being considered for cochlear implantation. There is still some concern regarding the potential efficacy of cochlear implants in these patients, where factors such as cochlear fibrosis or nerve degeneration following unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy may preclude their use. Here, we have performed a unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy in normally hearing guinea pigs, and allowed them to recover for either 6 weeks, or 10 months, before assessing morphological and functional changes related to cochlear implantation. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy was used to assess gross morphology throughout the entire ear. Whole nerve responses to acoustic, vibrational, or electrical stimuli were used as functional measures. Mild cellular infiltration was observed at 6 weeks, and to a lesser extent at 10 months after labyrinthectomy. Following labyrinthectomy, cochlear sensitivity to high-frequency acoustic tone-bursts was reduced by 16 ±4 dB, vestibular sensitivity was almost entirely abolished, and electrical sensitivity was only mildly reduced. These results support recent clinical findings that patients who have received a vestibular labyrinthectomy may still benefit from a cochlear implant.
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The role of connectivity and stochastic osteocyte behavior in the distribution of perilabyrinthine bone degeneration. A Monte Carlo based simulation study
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Sune Land Bloch, Mads Sølvsten Sørensen
Previous studies of undecalcified temporal bones labeled with fluorescent tissue time markers and basic fuchsine have documented the unique spatial and temporal patterns underlying inner ear bone development, morphology and degeneration, and has led to the identification of inner ear OPG as the candidate inhibiter of perilabyrinthine bone resorption. Resulting age related excessive matrix microdamage, osteocyte death and degeneration of the OPG signaling pathway is expected to trigger bone remodeling in the otic capsule, but when this happens the morphology of the remodeling bone is abnormal and the distribution is not entirely smooth and predictable, but rather multifocal and chaotic with a centripetal predilection at the window regions, as in otosclerosis.Based on the observed histological patterns, the fundamental preconditions of perilabyrinthine bone cell behavior can be deduced. When this information is used to generate a virtual computer representation of the cellular signaling network, the fate of the aging network can be studied by ‘virtual histology’ in any number of simulated ‘individuals’.We demonstrate how a combination of simple osteocyte survival functions derived from histological observations and the effect of connectivity may account for gradual centripetal degeneration as well as occasional focal degeneration of the cellular anti resorptive signaling pathway around the fluid space of the inner ear and create a permissive environment for otosclerosis.
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Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Sune Land Bloch, Mads Sølvsten Sørensen
Previous studies of undecalcified temporal bones labeled with fluorescent tissue time markers and basic fuchsine have documented the unique spatial and temporal patterns underlying inner ear bone development, morphology and degeneration, and has led to the identification of inner ear OPG as the candidate inhibiter of perilabyrinthine bone resorption. Resulting age related excessive matrix microdamage, osteocyte death and degeneration of the OPG signaling pathway is expected to trigger bone remodeling in the otic capsule, but when this happens the morphology of the remodeling bone is abnormal and the distribution is not entirely smooth and predictable, but rather multifocal and chaotic with a centripetal predilection at the window regions, as in otosclerosis.Based on the observed histological patterns, the fundamental preconditions of perilabyrinthine bone cell behavior can be deduced. When this information is used to generate a virtual computer representation of the cellular signaling network, the fate of the aging network can be studied by ‘virtual histology’ in any number of simulated ‘individuals’.We demonstrate how a combination of simple osteocyte survival functions derived from histological observations and the effect of connectivity may account for gradual centripetal degeneration as well as occasional focal degeneration of the cellular anti resorptive signaling pathway around the fluid space of the inner ear and create a permissive environment for otosclerosis.
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Sensitivity of the Cochlear Nerve to Acoustic and Electrical Stimulation Months After a Vestibular Labyrinthectomy in Guinea Pigs
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): D.J. Brown, P. Mukherjee, C. Pastras, W.P. Gibson, I.S. Curthoys
Single-sided deafness patients are now being considered candidates to receive a cochlear implant. With this, many people who have undergone a unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy for the treatment of chronic vertigo are now being considered for cochlear implantation. There is still some concern regarding the potential efficacy of cochlear implants in these patients, where factors such as cochlear fibrosis or nerve degeneration following unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy may preclude their use. Here, we have performed a unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy in normally hearing guinea pigs, and allowed them to recover for either 6 weeks, or 10 months, before assessing morphological and functional changes related to cochlear implantation. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy was used to assess gross morphology throughout the entire ear. Whole nerve responses to acoustic, vibrational, or electrical stimuli were used as functional measures. Mild cellular infiltration was observed at 6 weeks, and to a lesser extent at 10 months after labyrinthectomy. Following labyrinthectomy, cochlear sensitivity to high-frequency acoustic tone-bursts was reduced by 16 ±4 dB, vestibular sensitivity was almost entirely abolished, and electrical sensitivity was only mildly reduced. These results support recent clinical findings that patients who have received a vestibular labyrinthectomy may still benefit from a cochlear implant.
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Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): D.J. Brown, P. Mukherjee, C. Pastras, W.P. Gibson, I.S. Curthoys
Single-sided deafness patients are now being considered candidates to receive a cochlear implant. With this, many people who have undergone a unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy for the treatment of chronic vertigo are now being considered for cochlear implantation. There is still some concern regarding the potential efficacy of cochlear implants in these patients, where factors such as cochlear fibrosis or nerve degeneration following unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy may preclude their use. Here, we have performed a unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy in normally hearing guinea pigs, and allowed them to recover for either 6 weeks, or 10 months, before assessing morphological and functional changes related to cochlear implantation. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy was used to assess gross morphology throughout the entire ear. Whole nerve responses to acoustic, vibrational, or electrical stimuli were used as functional measures. Mild cellular infiltration was observed at 6 weeks, and to a lesser extent at 10 months after labyrinthectomy. Following labyrinthectomy, cochlear sensitivity to high-frequency acoustic tone-bursts was reduced by 16 ±4 dB, vestibular sensitivity was almost entirely abolished, and electrical sensitivity was only mildly reduced. These results support recent clinical findings that patients who have received a vestibular labyrinthectomy may still benefit from a cochlear implant.
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The role of connectivity and stochastic osteocyte behavior in the distribution of perilabyrinthine bone degeneration. A Monte Carlo based simulation study
Publication date: Available online 10 February 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Sune Land Bloch, Mads Sølvsten Sørensen
Previous studies of undecalcified temporal bones labeled with fluorescent tissue time markers and basic fuchsine have documented the unique spatial and temporal patterns underlying inner ear bone development, morphology and degeneration, and has led to the identification of inner ear OPG as the candidate inhibiter of perilabyrinthine bone resorption. Resulting age related excessive matrix microdamage, osteocyte death and degeneration of the OPG signaling pathway is expected to trigger bone remodeling in the otic capsule, but when this happens the morphology of the remodeling bone is abnormal and the distribution is not entirely smooth and predictable, but rather multifocal and chaotic with a centripetal predilection at the window regions, as in otosclerosis.Based on the observed histological patterns, the fundamental preconditions of perilabyrinthine bone cell behavior can be deduced. When this information is used to generate a virtual computer representation of the cellular signaling network, the fate of the aging network can be studied by ‘virtual histology’ in any number of simulated ‘individuals’.We demonstrate how a combination of simple osteocyte survival functions derived from histological observations and the effect of connectivity may account for gradual centripetal degeneration as well as occasional focal degeneration of the cellular anti resorptive signaling pathway around the fluid space of the inner ear and create a permissive environment for otosclerosis.
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Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Sune Land Bloch, Mads Sølvsten Sørensen
Previous studies of undecalcified temporal bones labeled with fluorescent tissue time markers and basic fuchsine have documented the unique spatial and temporal patterns underlying inner ear bone development, morphology and degeneration, and has led to the identification of inner ear OPG as the candidate inhibiter of perilabyrinthine bone resorption. Resulting age related excessive matrix microdamage, osteocyte death and degeneration of the OPG signaling pathway is expected to trigger bone remodeling in the otic capsule, but when this happens the morphology of the remodeling bone is abnormal and the distribution is not entirely smooth and predictable, but rather multifocal and chaotic with a centripetal predilection at the window regions, as in otosclerosis.Based on the observed histological patterns, the fundamental preconditions of perilabyrinthine bone cell behavior can be deduced. When this information is used to generate a virtual computer representation of the cellular signaling network, the fate of the aging network can be studied by ‘virtual histology’ in any number of simulated ‘individuals’.We demonstrate how a combination of simple osteocyte survival functions derived from histological observations and the effect of connectivity may account for gradual centripetal degeneration as well as occasional focal degeneration of the cellular anti resorptive signaling pathway around the fluid space of the inner ear and create a permissive environment for otosclerosis.
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The Sensory-Neural Tango
So how does the central auditory nervous system react when the periphery stops working. The simplistic view of the distant past would suggest that the neural centers between the ears and the brain are nothing but way stations through which information is passed without much additional processing. Over the years we have learned that these way stations perform important steps of feature extraction, temporal coding, and integration of information between ears.
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Intraoperative Real-time Cochlear Response Telemetry Predicts Hearing Preservation in Cochlear Implantation.
Aim: To monitor cochlear function during cochlear implantation and determine correlations with postoperative acoustic hearing. Background: Cochlear response telemetry measures cochlear function directly from cochlear implant electrodes. We have adapted this system to provide real-time cochlear response telemetry (RT-CRT) monitoring of a patient's acoustic hearing as the cochlear implant electrode array is inserted. Methods: Eighteen subjects (1 child and 17 adults) with sloping high frequency hearing loss were implanted with Cochlear Ltd slim straight arrays (CI422/CI522). Tone bursts (500 Hz, 100-110 dB) were presented at 14 Hz continuously during the array insertion. RT-CRT amplitudes were correlated with surgical manoeuvres recorded on the video from the operating microscope and with postoperative pure tone audiograms. Results: Despite an excellent overall rate of complete or partial hearing preservation (79%), RT-CRT identified that in 47% of these implantations there was transient or permanent reduction in the amplitude of the cochlear microphonic (CM). Patients with a preserved CM at the end of insertion had on average 15 dB better low-frequency hearing preservation. The CM amplitude was most vulnerable during the last few millimeters of insertion or when inadvertent movement of the array occurred after full insertion. Physical contact/elevation of the basilar membrane is hypothesized as a likely mechanism of hearing loss rather than overt physical trauma. Conclusion: RT-CRT can be used to predict early postoperative hearing loss and to potentially refine surgical technique. In the future, feedback of RT-CRT may prove to be a valuable tool for maximizing preservation of residual hearing or providing feedback on electrode contact with the basilar membrane. Copyright (C) 2016 by Otology & Neurotology, Inc. Image copyright (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health/Anatomical Chart Company
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Intratympanic Iodine Contrast Injection Diffuses Across the Round Window Membrane Allowing for Perilymphatic CT Volume Acquisition Imaging.
Hypothesis: Whether the round window membrane (RWM) is permeable to iodine-based contrast agents (IBCA) is unknown; therefore, our goal was to determine if IBCAs could diffuse through the RWM using CT volume acquisition imaging. Introduction: Imaging of hydrops in the living human ear has attracted recent interest. Intratympanic (IT) injection has shown gadolinium's ability to diffuse through the RWM, enhancing the perilymphatic space. Methods: Four unfixed human cadaver temporal bones underwent intratympanic IBCA injection using three sequentially studied methods. The first method was direct IT injection. The second method used direct RWM visualization via tympanomeatal flap for IBCA-soaked absorbable gelatin pledget placement. In the third method, the middle ear was filled with contrast after flap elevation. Volume acquisition CT images were obtained immediately postexposure, and at 1-, 6-, and 24-hour intervals. Postprocessing was accomplished using color ramping and subtraction imaging. Results: After the third method, positive RWM and perilymphatic enhancement were observed with endolymph sparing. Gray scale and color ramp multiplanar reconstructions displayed increased signal within the cochlea compared with precontrast imaging. The cochlea was measured for attenuation differences compared with pure water, revealing a preinjection average of -1,103 HU and a postinjection average of 338 HU. Subtraction imaging shows enhancement remaining within the cochlear space, Eustachian tube, middle ear epithelial lining, and mastoid. Conclusion: Iohexol iodine contrast is able to diffuse across the RWM. Volume acquisition CT imaging was able to detect perilymphatic enhancement at 0.5-mm slice thickness. The clinical application of IBCA IT injection seems promising but requires further safety studies. Copyright (C) 2016 by Otology & Neurotology, Inc. Image copyright (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health/Anatomical Chart Company
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Endoscopically Guided Transtympanic Balloon Catheter Dilatation of the Eustachian Tube: A Cadaveric Pilot Study.
Objective: To assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of transtympanic balloon catheter dilatation of the Eustachian tube (ET) in a cadaver model. Patients and Interventions: A cadaveric study of 10 cadaver heads, which underwent unilateral transtympanic dilatation of the ET with a 3 x 20 mm balloon catheter with full endoscopic guidance and visualization. Results: Procedural safety was demonstrated, with no damage to any essential structures found. Feasibility of the procedure was demonstrated in all cadavers with 100% success rate, despite a small number of encountered difficulties. Statistically significant efficacy was also demonstrated in both radiologic and manometric data. Conclusion: With full endoscopic visualization, the transtympanic approach to balloon catheter dilatation of the ET seems to be a feasible and safe procedure in the cadaver model. Copyright (C) 2016 by Otology & Neurotology, Inc. Image copyright (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health/Anatomical Chart Company
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Fifty Years of the American Neurotology Society.
Last year (2015) marked the 50th Anniversary of the American Neurotology Society (ANS). The past 50 years has observed significant progress in the fields of otology and neurotology. Progress did not come without controversies and conflicts. Nonetheless, the ANS flourished throughout this time. To isolate the workings of the ANS from the broader fields of otology and neurotology would be impossible-members of the ANS were and continue to be the leaders in the field, and the topics presented at the ANS meetings reflect its leading edge. Instead, this retrospective aims to highlight significant events in the field from the vantage point of the ANS, using the biannual ANS meeting programs are the primary source material. Copyright (C) 2016 by Otology & Neurotology, Inc. Image copyright (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health/Anatomical Chart Company
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