Standardized Patients: Potential to Improve Student Training in Aural Rehabilitation

Hearing loss is a growing public health concern. The multifaceted consequences of hearing loss are far reaching and include reduced audibility, well-being, and quality-of-life. Audiologists require specific training to address the wide range of hearing loss (re)habilitation needs, including some of the psychosocial needs of patients. One instructional method that might provide valuable training for the next generation of clinicians is the use of simulated or standardized patients (SPs). Standardized patients (SPs) are actors who are recruited, trained, and typically paid to portray patients, family members, or healthcare team members in a standardized manner for purposes of training healthcare professionals. Advantages to using SPs as an instructional technique were identified through a review of the literature and through discussion with two focus groups of experienced educators in the field of audiology. Advantages included those inherent to SP scenarios (e.g., standardization, authenticity, and safety), as well as those inherent to the experience (e.g., student reflection, comprehensive feedback, etc.). Benefits to students can include increased student confidence and improved interpersonal skills. Although time and resource investments necessary for SP case implementation can be prohibitive for some programs, creative instructors can harness many of the benefits using alternative implementations of SP cases.

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Vocal Performance Teachers and Hearing Loss

Hearing thresholds and distortion product otoacoustic emissions were measured for teachers of vocal performance who were gathered for a national conference. Results showed mean audiometric thresholds to be consistent with noise induced hearing loss, more than what would be expected with normal aging. Years of instruction and age were considered as factors in the hearing loss observed. It was concluded that hearing conservation should be initiated with this group to help raise awareness and protect them from hearing loss due to occupational noise exposure.

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Editor's Column

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SIG 8 Perspectives Vol. 16, No. 1, November 2015: Earn 0.10 CEUs on This Issue

Download the CE Questions PDF from the toolbar, above. Use the questions to guide your Perspectives reading. When you're ready, purchase the activity from the ASHA Store and follow the instructions to take the exam in ASHA's Learning Center. Available until November 21, 2018.

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Standardized Patients: Potential to Improve Student Training in Aural Rehabilitation

Hearing loss is a growing public health concern. The multifaceted consequences of hearing loss are far reaching and include reduced audibility, well-being, and quality-of-life. Audiologists require specific training to address the wide range of hearing loss (re)habilitation needs, including some of the psychosocial needs of patients. One instructional method that might provide valuable training for the next generation of clinicians is the use of simulated or standardized patients (SPs). Standardized patients (SPs) are actors who are recruited, trained, and typically paid to portray patients, family members, or healthcare team members in a standardized manner for purposes of training healthcare professionals. Advantages to using SPs as an instructional technique were identified through a review of the literature and through discussion with two focus groups of experienced educators in the field of audiology. Advantages included those inherent to SP scenarios (e.g., standardization, authenticity, and safety), as well as those inherent to the experience (e.g., student reflection, comprehensive feedback, etc.). Benefits to students can include increased student confidence and improved interpersonal skills. Although time and resource investments necessary for SP case implementation can be prohibitive for some programs, creative instructors can harness many of the benefits using alternative implementations of SP cases.

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Vocal Performance Teachers and Hearing Loss

Hearing thresholds and distortion product otoacoustic emissions were measured for teachers of vocal performance who were gathered for a national conference. Results showed mean audiometric thresholds to be consistent with noise induced hearing loss, more than what would be expected with normal aging. Years of instruction and age were considered as factors in the hearing loss observed. It was concluded that hearing conservation should be initiated with this group to help raise awareness and protect them from hearing loss due to occupational noise exposure.

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Editor's Column

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SIG 8 Perspectives Vol. 16, No. 1, November 2015: Earn 0.10 CEUs on This Issue

Download the CE Questions PDF from the toolbar, above. Use the questions to guide your Perspectives reading. When you're ready, purchase the activity from the ASHA Store and follow the instructions to take the exam in ASHA's Learning Center. Available until November 21, 2018.

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Standardized Patients: Potential to Improve Student Training in Aural Rehabilitation

Hearing loss is a growing public health concern. The multifaceted consequences of hearing loss are far reaching and include reduced audibility, well-being, and quality-of-life. Audiologists require specific training to address the wide range of hearing loss (re)habilitation needs, including some of the psychosocial needs of patients. One instructional method that might provide valuable training for the next generation of clinicians is the use of simulated or standardized patients (SPs). Standardized patients (SPs) are actors who are recruited, trained, and typically paid to portray patients, family members, or healthcare team members in a standardized manner for purposes of training healthcare professionals. Advantages to using SPs as an instructional technique were identified through a review of the literature and through discussion with two focus groups of experienced educators in the field of audiology. Advantages included those inherent to SP scenarios (e.g., standardization, authenticity, and safety), as well as those inherent to the experience (e.g., student reflection, comprehensive feedback, etc.). Benefits to students can include increased student confidence and improved interpersonal skills. Although time and resource investments necessary for SP case implementation can be prohibitive for some programs, creative instructors can harness many of the benefits using alternative implementations of SP cases.

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Vocal Performance Teachers and Hearing Loss

Hearing thresholds and distortion product otoacoustic emissions were measured for teachers of vocal performance who were gathered for a national conference. Results showed mean audiometric thresholds to be consistent with noise induced hearing loss, more than what would be expected with normal aging. Years of instruction and age were considered as factors in the hearing loss observed. It was concluded that hearing conservation should be initiated with this group to help raise awareness and protect them from hearing loss due to occupational noise exposure.

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Editor's Column

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SIG 8 Perspectives Vol. 16, No. 1, November 2015: Earn 0.10 CEUs on This Issue

Download the CE Questions PDF from the toolbar, above. Use the questions to guide your Perspectives reading. When you're ready, purchase the activity from the ASHA Store and follow the instructions to take the exam in ASHA's Learning Center. Available until November 21, 2018.

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Tinnitus Suicide

Tinnitus can be a difficult condition to live with because it can impact you on a daily basis and prevent you from leading a normal life. The most basic definition of this condition is a ringing sound in the ears, but it can also be heard as static, buzzing, screeching, roaring, hissing or other sounds. For some, the sound may be quiet and intermittent. For others, it may be constant and loud. This can interfere with your ability to sleep, work and participate in other normal activities. Because it can have a dramatic impact on your quality of life, you may wonder if there is a tinnitus suicide link.

Depression and Tinnitus
Depression is common in those with tinnitus. Because depression is one of the leading causes of suicide, there is in indirect tinnitus suicide link. Depression commonly develops with those who have this condition because it can make sleep difficult, and insomnia can contribute to the development of depression. Tinnitus can also make you feel isolated and alone, and it can make it difficult for you to participate in activities that you once enjoyed before you developed this condition. If you have tinnitus, you should be aware of the potential for depression to develop and then you can take steps to minimize this risk.

How to Cope With Tinnitus
There are several steps that you can take to reduce the severity of tinnitus and to improve your quality of life. For example, some people who are concerned about the tinnitus suicide link or the tinnitus depression link may ease their symptoms significantly by meditating. This can retrain the brain to focus on other things besides the sound. Another effective solution that many benefit from is tonal therapy. This can also train the brain to focus on other sounds and can make the sound appear to be quieter.

Whether you have a minor or severe case of tinnitus, this can be a challenging condition to live with. It can impact all aspects of your life on a daily basis, and you may struggle to complete even regular activities or to have conversations without it interfering. More than that, it can make it difficult to relax and unwind or even to sleep. If you are struggling with this condition, take the time to learn about the treatments available that can improve your symptoms. It’s recommended that you speak with an auditory specialist to learn more about treatments that m

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Effects of Steady-State Noise on Verbal Working Memory in Young Adults

Purpose

We set out to examine the impact of perceptual, linguistic, and capacity demands on performance of verbal working-memory tasks. The Ease of Language Understanding model (Rönnberg et al., 2013) provides a framework for testing the dynamics of these interactions within the auditory-cognitive system.

Methods

Adult native speakers of English (n = 45) participated in verbal working-memory tasks requiring processing and storage of words involving different linguistic demands (closed/open set). Capacity demand ranged from 2 to 7 words per trial. Participants performed the tasks in quiet and in speech-spectrum-shaped noise. Separate groups of participants were tested at different signal-to-noise ratios. Word-recognition measures were obtained to determine effects of noise on intelligibility.

Results

Contrary to predictions, steady-state noise did not have an adverse effect on working-memory performance in every situation. Noise negatively influenced performance for the task with high linguistic demand. Of particular importance is the finding that the adverse effects of background noise were not confined to conditions involving declines in recognition.

Conclusions

Perceptual, linguistic, and cognitive demands can dynamically affect verbal working-memory performance even in a population of healthy young adults. Results suggest that researchers and clinicians need to carefully analyze task demands to understand the independent and combined auditory-cognitive factors governing performance in everyday listening situations.

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Effects of Steady-State Noise on Verbal Working Memory in Young Adults

Purpose

We set out to examine the impact of perceptual, linguistic, and capacity demands on performance of verbal working-memory tasks. The Ease of Language Understanding model (Rönnberg et al., 2013) provides a framework for testing the dynamics of these interactions within the auditory-cognitive system.

Methods

Adult native speakers of English (n = 45) participated in verbal working-memory tasks requiring processing and storage of words involving different linguistic demands (closed/open set). Capacity demand ranged from 2 to 7 words per trial. Participants performed the tasks in quiet and in speech-spectrum-shaped noise. Separate groups of participants were tested at different signal-to-noise ratios. Word-recognition measures were obtained to determine effects of noise on intelligibility.

Results

Contrary to predictions, steady-state noise did not have an adverse effect on working-memory performance in every situation. Noise negatively influenced performance for the task with high linguistic demand. Of particular importance is the finding that the adverse effects of background noise were not confined to conditions involving declines in recognition.

Conclusions

Perceptual, linguistic, and cognitive demands can dynamically affect verbal working-memory performance even in a population of healthy young adults. Results suggest that researchers and clinicians need to carefully analyze task demands to understand the independent and combined auditory-cognitive factors governing performance in everyday listening situations.

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From the Editor: An Introduction to the JSLHR Supplement on Implementation Science

Purpose

The JSLHR Supplement on Implementation Science is aimed at providing discussion and examples of research in implementation science, the study of methods designed to promote the incorporation of research findings into clinical practice.

Methods

Practitioners in the language science area were invited to submit articles that address their experience with various aspects of implementation science.

Results

Six articles from several research groups comprise this supplement.

Conclusions

Implementation science is an aspect of intervention research that merits consideration by communication disorders scientists. More extensive practice of implementation science will improve uptake of evidence-based practice in the clinical community.

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From the Editor: An Introduction to the JSLHR Supplement on Implementation Science

Purpose

The JSLHR Supplement on Implementation Science is aimed at providing discussion and examples of research in implementation science, the study of methods designed to promote the incorporation of research findings into clinical practice.

Methods

Practitioners in the language science area were invited to submit articles that address their experience with various aspects of implementation science.

Results

Six articles from several research groups comprise this supplement.

Conclusions

Implementation science is an aspect of intervention research that merits consideration by communication disorders scientists. More extensive practice of implementation science will improve uptake of evidence-based practice in the clinical community.

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Effects of Steady-State Noise on Verbal Working Memory in Young Adults

Purpose

We set out to examine the impact of perceptual, linguistic, and capacity demands on performance of verbal working-memory tasks. The Ease of Language Understanding model (Rönnberg et al., 2013) provides a framework for testing the dynamics of these interactions within the auditory-cognitive system.

Methods

Adult native speakers of English (n = 45) participated in verbal working-memory tasks requiring processing and storage of words involving different linguistic demands (closed/open set). Capacity demand ranged from 2 to 7 words per trial. Participants performed the tasks in quiet and in speech-spectrum-shaped noise. Separate groups of participants were tested at different signal-to-noise ratios. Word-recognition measures were obtained to determine effects of noise on intelligibility.

Results

Contrary to predictions, steady-state noise did not have an adverse effect on working-memory performance in every situation. Noise negatively influenced performance for the task with high linguistic demand. Of particular importance is the finding that the adverse effects of background noise were not confined to conditions involving declines in recognition.

Conclusions

Perceptual, linguistic, and cognitive demands can dynamically affect verbal working-memory performance even in a population of healthy young adults. Results suggest that researchers and clinicians need to carefully analyze task demands to understand the independent and combined auditory-cognitive factors governing performance in everyday listening situations.

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From the Editor: An Introduction to the JSLHR Supplement on Implementation Science

Purpose

The JSLHR Supplement on Implementation Science is aimed at providing discussion and examples of research in implementation science, the study of methods designed to promote the incorporation of research findings into clinical practice.

Methods

Practitioners in the language science area were invited to submit articles that address their experience with various aspects of implementation science.

Results

Six articles from several research groups comprise this supplement.

Conclusions

Implementation science is an aspect of intervention research that merits consideration by communication disorders scientists. More extensive practice of implementation science will improve uptake of evidence-based practice in the clinical community.

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Humans probably not alone in how we perceive melodic pitch

The specialized human ability to perceive the sound quality known as 'pitch' can no longer be listed as unique to humans.

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Humans probably not alone in how we perceive melodic pitch

The specialized human ability to perceive the sound quality known as 'pitch' can no longer be listed as unique to humans.

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Perception of 'mothers of beneficiaries' regarding a rural community based hearing screening service.

Related Articles

Perception of 'mothers of beneficiaries' regarding a rural community based hearing screening service.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2014 Dec;78(12):2083-8

Authors: Akilan R, Vidya R, Roopa N

Abstract
UNLABELLED: A rural community-based hearing screening project was established in villages in a rural district of Tamil Nadu in South India. The goal of this project was to address early detection of hearing loss among infants and young children. Village health workers (VHW) were trained to conduct hearing screenings using an Oto Acoustic Emissions (OAE) equipment. They were also trained to provide information about ear and hearing health, and to facilitate follow up visits for diagnostic testing when required.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to review the project by examining the caregiver perception from the mothers of children who have undergone hearing screening regarding the service provided.
METHODS: Focus group discussions (FGDs), were conducted in nine villages of the district to obtain information and perceptions from mothers. In all, 70 mothers with children less than 2 years of age, and 13 mothers with children greater than 2 years of age, participated in the FGDs.
RESULTS: Responses obtained from mothers indicated that door to door health services are rare and are primarily related to sensitizing the community regarding health camps and preventive measures for widespread diseases (like dengue fever). Door to door screening for hearing among children is unique in these villages. Mothers were familiar with the NGO which coordinated the hearing screening program. Local pre-school (Balwadi) teachers were informed about the hearing screening program and its significance. From the responses of the participants it was clear that the sensitization carried out through them in all villages was successful. It was noteworthy that mothers mentioned the result of screening as "pass/refer" as instead of "pass/fail". This outcome suggests that health workers have used appropriate terminology to convey screening results. Mothers reported test conditions to be present and therefore confirmed that valid testing was conducted by VHWs.
CONCLUSIONS: Mothers in the community accepted hearing screening services delivered by health workers. The health workers were effective in delivering the services. Pre-school teachers seemed to have played a pivotal role in communicating about the hearing screening program to the mothers. Ultimately, collaborating with local NGO facilitated acceptance and compliance due to the NGOs strong presence in the community.

PMID: 25288387 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Delayed low frequency hearing loss caused by cochlear implantation interventions via the round window but not cochleostomy

Publication date: Available online 29 December 2015
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): David Rowe, Scott Chambers, Amy Hampson, Hayden Eastwood, Luke Campbell, Stephen O’Leary
Cochlear implant recipients show improved speech perception and music appreciation when residual acoustic hearing is combined with the cochlear implant. However, up to one third of patients lose their pre-operative residual hearing weeks to months after implantation, for reasons that are not well understood. This study tested whether this “delayed” hearing loss was influenced by the route of electrode array insertion and/or position of the electrode array within scala tympani in a guinea pig model of cochlear implantation. Five treatment groups were monitored over 12 weeks: (1) round window implant; (2) round window incised with no implant; (3) cochleostomy with medially-oriented implant; (4) cochleostomy with laterally-oriented implant; and (5) cochleostomy with no implant. Hearing was measured at selected time points by the auditory brainstem response. Cochlear condition was assessed histologically, with cochleae three-dimensionally reconstructed to plot electrode paths and estimate tissue response. Electrode array trajectories matched their intended paths. Arrays inserted via the round window were situated nearer to the basilar membrane and organ of Corti over the majority of their intrascalar path compared with arrays inserted via cochleostomy. Round window interventions exhibited delayed, low frequency hearing loss that was not seen after cochleostomy. This hearing loss appeared unrelated to the extent of tissue reaction or injury within scala tympani, although round window insertion was histologically the most traumatic mode of implantation. We speculate that delayed hearing loss was related not to the electrode position as postulated, but rather to the muscle graft used to seal the round window post-intervention, by altering cochlear mechanics via round window fibrosis.



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Delayed low frequency hearing loss caused by cochlear implantation interventions via the round window but not cochleostomy

Publication date: Available online 29 December 2015
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): David Rowe, Scott Chambers, Amy Hampson, Hayden Eastwood, Luke Campbell, Stephen O’Leary
Cochlear implant recipients show improved speech perception and music appreciation when residual acoustic hearing is combined with the cochlear implant. However, up to one third of patients lose their pre-operative residual hearing weeks to months after implantation, for reasons that are not well understood. This study tested whether this “delayed” hearing loss was influenced by the route of electrode array insertion and/or position of the electrode array within scala tympani in a guinea pig model of cochlear implantation. Five treatment groups were monitored over 12 weeks: (1) round window implant; (2) round window incised with no implant; (3) cochleostomy with medially-oriented implant; (4) cochleostomy with laterally-oriented implant; and (5) cochleostomy with no implant. Hearing was measured at selected time points by the auditory brainstem response. Cochlear condition was assessed histologically, with cochleae three-dimensionally reconstructed to plot electrode paths and estimate tissue response. Electrode array trajectories matched their intended paths. Arrays inserted via the round window were situated nearer to the basilar membrane and organ of Corti over the majority of their intrascalar path compared with arrays inserted via cochleostomy. Round window interventions exhibited delayed, low frequency hearing loss that was not seen after cochleostomy. This hearing loss appeared unrelated to the extent of tissue reaction or injury within scala tympani, although round window insertion was histologically the most traumatic mode of implantation. We speculate that delayed hearing loss was related not to the electrode position as postulated, but rather to the muscle graft used to seal the round window post-intervention, by altering cochlear mechanics via round window fibrosis.



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Research Supported by the Tinnitus Research Consortium

Publication date: Available online 29 December 2015
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Allen F. Ryan, Robert A. Dobie, Judy R. Dubno, Brenda L. Lonsbury-Martin




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Delayed low frequency hearing loss caused by cochlear implantation interventions via the round window but not cochleostomy

Publication date: Available online 29 December 2015
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): David Rowe, Scott Chambers, Amy Hampson, Hayden Eastwood, Luke Campbell, Stephen O’Leary
Cochlear implant recipients show improved speech perception and music appreciation when residual acoustic hearing is combined with the cochlear implant. However, up to one third of patients lose their pre-operative residual hearing weeks to months after implantation, for reasons that are not well understood. This study tested whether this “delayed” hearing loss was influenced by the route of electrode array insertion and/or position of the electrode array within scala tympani in a guinea pig model of cochlear implantation. Five treatment groups were monitored over 12 weeks: (1) round window implant; (2) round window incised with no implant; (3) cochleostomy with medially-oriented implant; (4) cochleostomy with laterally-oriented implant; and (5) cochleostomy with no implant. Hearing was measured at selected time points by the auditory brainstem response. Cochlear condition was assessed histologically, with cochleae three-dimensionally reconstructed to plot electrode paths and estimate tissue response. Electrode array trajectories matched their intended paths. Arrays inserted via the round window were situated nearer to the basilar membrane and organ of Corti over the majority of their intrascalar path compared with arrays inserted via cochleostomy. Round window interventions exhibited delayed, low frequency hearing loss that was not seen after cochleostomy. This hearing loss appeared unrelated to the extent of tissue reaction or injury within scala tympani, although round window insertion was histologically the most traumatic mode of implantation. We speculate that delayed hearing loss was related not to the electrode position as postulated, but rather to the muscle graft used to seal the round window post-intervention, by altering cochlear mechanics via round window fibrosis.



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Research Supported by the Tinnitus Research Consortium

Publication date: Available online 29 December 2015
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Allen F. Ryan, Robert A. Dobie, Judy R. Dubno, Brenda L. Lonsbury-Martin




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Delayed low frequency hearing loss caused by cochlear implantation interventions via the round window but not cochleostomy

Publication date: Available online 29 December 2015
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): David Rowe, Scott Chambers, Amy Hampson, Hayden Eastwood, Luke Campbell, Stephen O’Leary
Cochlear implant recipients show improved speech perception and music appreciation when residual acoustic hearing is combined with the cochlear implant. However, up to one third of patients lose their pre-operative residual hearing weeks to months after implantation, for reasons that are not well understood. This study tested whether this “delayed” hearing loss was influenced by the route of electrode array insertion and/or position of the electrode array within scala tympani in a guinea pig model of cochlear implantation. Five treatment groups were monitored over 12 weeks: (1) round window implant; (2) round window incised with no implant; (3) cochleostomy with medially-oriented implant; (4) cochleostomy with laterally-oriented implant; and (5) cochleostomy with no implant. Hearing was measured at selected time points by the auditory brainstem response. Cochlear condition was assessed histologically, with cochleae three-dimensionally reconstructed to plot electrode paths and estimate tissue response. Electrode array trajectories matched their intended paths. Arrays inserted via the round window were situated nearer to the basilar membrane and organ of Corti over the majority of their intrascalar path compared with arrays inserted via cochleostomy. Round window interventions exhibited delayed, low frequency hearing loss that was not seen after cochleostomy. This hearing loss appeared unrelated to the extent of tissue reaction or injury within scala tympani, although round window insertion was histologically the most traumatic mode of implantation. We speculate that delayed hearing loss was related not to the electrode position as postulated, but rather to the muscle graft used to seal the round window post-intervention, by altering cochlear mechanics via round window fibrosis.



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Research Supported by the Tinnitus Research Consortium

Publication date: Available online 29 December 2015
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Allen F. Ryan, Robert A. Dobie, Judy R. Dubno, Brenda L. Lonsbury-Martin




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Research Supported by the Tinnitus Research Consortium

Publication date: Available online 29 December 2015
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Allen F. Ryan, Robert A. Dobie, Judy R. Dubno, Brenda L. Lonsbury-Martin




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Delayed low frequency hearing loss caused by cochlear implantation interventions via the round window but not cochleostomy

Publication date: Available online 29 December 2015
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): David Rowe, Scott Chambers, Amy Hampson, Hayden Eastwood, Luke Campbell, Stephen O’Leary
Cochlear implant recipients show improved speech perception and music appreciation when residual acoustic hearing is combined with the cochlear implant. However, up to one third of patients lose their pre-operative residual hearing weeks to months after implantation, for reasons that are not well understood. This study tested whether this “delayed” hearing loss was influenced by the route of electrode array insertion and/or position of the electrode array within scala tympani in a guinea pig model of cochlear implantation. Five treatment groups were monitored over 12 weeks: (1) round window implant; (2) round window incised with no implant; (3) cochleostomy with medially-oriented implant; (4) cochleostomy with laterally-oriented implant; and (5) cochleostomy with no implant. Hearing was measured at selected time points by the auditory brainstem response. Cochlear condition was assessed histologically, with cochleae three-dimensionally reconstructed to plot electrode paths and estimate tissue response. Electrode array trajectories matched their intended paths. Arrays inserted via the round window were situated nearer to the basilar membrane and organ of Corti over the majority of their intrascalar path compared with arrays inserted via cochleostomy. Round window interventions exhibited delayed, low frequency hearing loss that was not seen after cochleostomy. This hearing loss appeared unrelated to the extent of tissue reaction or injury within scala tympani, although round window insertion was histologically the most traumatic mode of implantation. We speculate that delayed hearing loss was related not to the electrode position as postulated, but rather to the muscle graft used to seal the round window post-intervention, by altering cochlear mechanics via round window fibrosis.



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Research Supported by the Tinnitus Research Consortium

Publication date: Available online 29 December 2015
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Allen F. Ryan, Robert A. Dobie, Judy R. Dubno, Brenda L. Lonsbury-Martin




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