Publication date: September 2016
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 339
Author(s): Tobias Rader, Julia Döge, Youssef Adel, Tobias Weissgerber, Uwe Baumann
In normal hearing, the pitch of an acoustic tone can theoretically be encoded by either the place of stimulation in the cochlea or the corresponding rate of vibration. Thus spectral attributes and temporal fine structure of an acoustic signal are naturally correlated. Cochlear implants (CIs), neural prosthetic devices that restore hearing in the profoundly hearing impaired, currently disregard this mechanism; electrical stimulation is provided at fixed electrode positions with default place independent stimulation rate assignments. This does not account for individual cochlear encoding depending on electrode array placement, variations in insertion depth, and the proximity to nerve fibers. Encoding pitch in such manner delivers limited tonal information. Consequently, music appraisal in CI users is often rated cacophonic while speech perception in quiet is close to normal in top performers. We hypothesize that this limitation in electric stimulation is at least partially due to the mismatch between frequency and place encoding in CIs. In the present study, we determined individual electrode locations by analysis of cochlear radiographic images obtained after surgery and calculated place dependent stimulation rates according to models of the normal tonotopic function. Pitch matching in CI users with single-sided deafness shows that place dependent stimulation rates allow thus far unparalleled restoration of tonotopic pitch perception. Collapsed data of matched pitch frequencies as a function of calculated electrical stimulation rate were well fitted by linear regression (R2 = 0.878). Sound processing strategies incorporating place dependent stimulation rates are expected to improve pitch perception in CI users.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29kL6Ql
via IFTTT
Σάββατο 16 Ιουλίου 2016
Subcortical correlates of auditory perceptual organization in humans
Publication date: September 2016
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 339
Author(s): Shimpei Yamagishi, Sho Otsuka, Shigeto Furukawa, Makio Kashino
To make sense of complex auditory scenes, the auditory system sequentially organizes auditory components into perceptual objects or streams. In the conventional view of this process, the cortex plays a major role in perceptual organization, and subcortical mechanisms merely provide the cortex with acoustical features. Here, we show that the neural activities of the brainstem are linked to perceptual organization, which alternates spontaneously for human listeners without any stimulus change. The stimulus used in the experiment was an unchanging sequence of repeated triplet tones, which can be interpreted as either one or two streams. Listeners were instructed to report the perceptual states whenever they experienced perceptual switching between one and two streams throughout the stimulus presentation. Simultaneously, we recorded event related potentials with scalp electrodes. We measured the frequency-following response (FFR), which is considered to originate from the brainstem. We also assessed thalamo-cortical activity through the middle-latency response (MLR). The results demonstrate that the FFR and MLR varied with the state of auditory stream perception. In addition, we found that the MLR change precedes the FFR change with perceptual switching from a one-stream to a two-stream percept. This suggests that there are top-down influences on brainstem activity from the thalamo-cortical pathway. These findings are consistent with the idea of a distributed, hierarchical neural network for perceptual organization and suggest that the network extends to the brainstem level.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/294EYh0
via IFTTT
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 339
Author(s): Shimpei Yamagishi, Sho Otsuka, Shigeto Furukawa, Makio Kashino
To make sense of complex auditory scenes, the auditory system sequentially organizes auditory components into perceptual objects or streams. In the conventional view of this process, the cortex plays a major role in perceptual organization, and subcortical mechanisms merely provide the cortex with acoustical features. Here, we show that the neural activities of the brainstem are linked to perceptual organization, which alternates spontaneously for human listeners without any stimulus change. The stimulus used in the experiment was an unchanging sequence of repeated triplet tones, which can be interpreted as either one or two streams. Listeners were instructed to report the perceptual states whenever they experienced perceptual switching between one and two streams throughout the stimulus presentation. Simultaneously, we recorded event related potentials with scalp electrodes. We measured the frequency-following response (FFR), which is considered to originate from the brainstem. We also assessed thalamo-cortical activity through the middle-latency response (MLR). The results demonstrate that the FFR and MLR varied with the state of auditory stream perception. In addition, we found that the MLR change precedes the FFR change with perceptual switching from a one-stream to a two-stream percept. This suggests that there are top-down influences on brainstem activity from the thalamo-cortical pathway. These findings are consistent with the idea of a distributed, hierarchical neural network for perceptual organization and suggest that the network extends to the brainstem level.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/294EYh0
via IFTTT
Endolymph movement visualized with light sheet fluorescence microscopy in an acute hydrops model
Publication date: September 2016
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 339
Author(s): Daniel J. Brown, Christopher J. Pastras, Ian S. Curthoys, Cassandra S. Southwell, Lieke Van Roon
There are a variety of techniques available to investigate endolymph dynamics, primarily seeking to understand the cause of endolymphatic hydrops. Here we have taken the novel approach of injecting, via a glass micropipette, fluorescein isothiocyanate–dextran (FITC-dex) and artificial endolymph into scala media of anaesthetized guinea pigs, with subsequent imaging of the inner ear using Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM) as a means to obtain highly resolved 3D visualization of fluid movements. Our results demonstrate endolymph movement into the utricle, semicircular canals and endolymphatic duct and sac when more than 2.5 μl of fluid had been injected into scala media, with no apparent movement of fluid into the perilymphatic compartments. There was no movement of endolymph into these compartments when less than 2.5 μl was injected. The remarkable uptake of the FITC-dex into the endolymphatic duct, including an absorption into the periductal channels surrounding the endolymphatic duct, highlights the functional role this structure plays in endolymph volume regulation.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29jgfoo
via IFTTT
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 339
Author(s): Daniel J. Brown, Christopher J. Pastras, Ian S. Curthoys, Cassandra S. Southwell, Lieke Van Roon
There are a variety of techniques available to investigate endolymph dynamics, primarily seeking to understand the cause of endolymphatic hydrops. Here we have taken the novel approach of injecting, via a glass micropipette, fluorescein isothiocyanate–dextran (FITC-dex) and artificial endolymph into scala media of anaesthetized guinea pigs, with subsequent imaging of the inner ear using Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM) as a means to obtain highly resolved 3D visualization of fluid movements. Our results demonstrate endolymph movement into the utricle, semicircular canals and endolymphatic duct and sac when more than 2.5 μl of fluid had been injected into scala media, with no apparent movement of fluid into the perilymphatic compartments. There was no movement of endolymph into these compartments when less than 2.5 μl was injected. The remarkable uptake of the FITC-dex into the endolymphatic duct, including an absorption into the periductal channels surrounding the endolymphatic duct, highlights the functional role this structure plays in endolymph volume regulation.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29jgfoo
via IFTTT
Correlation between word recognition score and intracochlear new bone and fibrous tissue after cochlear implantation in the human
Publication date: Available online 29 June 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Takefumi Kamakura, Joseph B. Nadol
Cochlear implantation is an effective, established procedure for patients with profound deafness. Although implant electrodes have been considered as biocompatible prostheses, surgical insertion of the electrode induces various changes within the cochlea. Immediate changes include insertional trauma to the cochlea. Delayed changes include a tissue response consisting of inflammation, fibrosis and neo-osteogenesis induced by trauma and an immunologic reaction to a foreign body. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of these delayed changes on the word recognition scores achieved post-operatively. Seventeen temporal bones from patients who in life had undergone cochlear implantation were prepared for light microscopy. We digitally calculated the volume of fibrous tissue and new bone within the cochlea using Amira® three-dimensional reconstruction software and assessed the correlations of various clinical and histologic factors. The postoperative CNC word score was positively correlated with total spiral ganglion cell count. Fibrous tissue and new bone were found within the cochlea of all seventeen specimens. The postoperative CNC word score was negatively correlated with the % volume of new bone within the scala tympani, scala media/vestibuli and the cochlea, but not with the % volume of fibrous tissue. The % volume of new bone in the scala media/vestibuli was positively correlated with the degree of intracochlear insertional trauma, especially trauma to the basilar membrane.Our results revealed that the % volume of new bone as well as residual total spiral ganglion cell count are important factors influencing post-implant hearing performance. New bone formation may be reduced by limiting insertional trauma and increasing the biocompatibility of the electrodes.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/294EY0F
via IFTTT
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Takefumi Kamakura, Joseph B. Nadol
Cochlear implantation is an effective, established procedure for patients with profound deafness. Although implant electrodes have been considered as biocompatible prostheses, surgical insertion of the electrode induces various changes within the cochlea. Immediate changes include insertional trauma to the cochlea. Delayed changes include a tissue response consisting of inflammation, fibrosis and neo-osteogenesis induced by trauma and an immunologic reaction to a foreign body. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of these delayed changes on the word recognition scores achieved post-operatively. Seventeen temporal bones from patients who in life had undergone cochlear implantation were prepared for light microscopy. We digitally calculated the volume of fibrous tissue and new bone within the cochlea using Amira® three-dimensional reconstruction software and assessed the correlations of various clinical and histologic factors. The postoperative CNC word score was positively correlated with total spiral ganglion cell count. Fibrous tissue and new bone were found within the cochlea of all seventeen specimens. The postoperative CNC word score was negatively correlated with the % volume of new bone within the scala tympani, scala media/vestibuli and the cochlea, but not with the % volume of fibrous tissue. The % volume of new bone in the scala media/vestibuli was positively correlated with the degree of intracochlear insertional trauma, especially trauma to the basilar membrane.Our results revealed that the % volume of new bone as well as residual total spiral ganglion cell count are important factors influencing post-implant hearing performance. New bone formation may be reduced by limiting insertional trauma and increasing the biocompatibility of the electrodes.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/294EY0F
via IFTTT
Descending Projections from the Inferior Colliculus to Medial Olivocochlear Efferents: Mice with Normal Hearing, Early Onset Hearing Loss, and Congenital Deafness
Publication date: Available online 12 July 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Kirupa Suthakar, David K. Ryugo
Auditory efferent neurons reside in the brain and innervate the sensory hair cells of the cochlea to modulate incoming acoustic signals. Two groups of efferents have been described in mouse and this report will focus on the medial olivocochlear (MOC) system. Electrophysiological data suggest the MOC efferents function in selective listening by differentially attenuating auditory nerve fiber activity in quiet and noisy conditions. Because speech understanding in noise is impaired in age-related hearing loss, we asked whether pathologic changes in input to MOC neurons from higher centers could be involved. The present study investigated the anatomical nature of descending projections from the inferior colliculus (IC) to MOCs in 3-month old mice with normal hearing, and 6-month old mice with normal hearing, early onset hearing loss, and congenital deafness. Anterograde tracers were injected into the IC and retrograde tracers into the cochlea. Electron microscopic analysis of double-labelled tissue confirmed direct synaptic contact from the IC onto MOCs in all cohorts. These labelled terminals are indicative of excitatory neurotransmission because they contain round synaptic vesicles, exhibit asymmetric membrane specializations, and are co-labelled with antibodies against VGlut2, a glutamate transporter. 3D reconstructions of the terminal fields indicate that in normal hearing mice, descending projections from the IC are arranged tonotopically with low frequencies projecting laterally and progressively higher frequencies projecting more medially. Along the mediolateral axis, the projections of DBA/2 mice with acquired high frequency hearing loss were shifted medially towards expected higher frequency projecting regions. Shaker-2 mice with congenital deafness had a much broader spatial projection, revealing abnormalities in the topography of connections. These data suggest that loss in precision of IC directed MOC activation could contribute to impaired signal detection in noise.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29F1gr5
via IFTTT
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Kirupa Suthakar, David K. Ryugo
Auditory efferent neurons reside in the brain and innervate the sensory hair cells of the cochlea to modulate incoming acoustic signals. Two groups of efferents have been described in mouse and this report will focus on the medial olivocochlear (MOC) system. Electrophysiological data suggest the MOC efferents function in selective listening by differentially attenuating auditory nerve fiber activity in quiet and noisy conditions. Because speech understanding in noise is impaired in age-related hearing loss, we asked whether pathologic changes in input to MOC neurons from higher centers could be involved. The present study investigated the anatomical nature of descending projections from the inferior colliculus (IC) to MOCs in 3-month old mice with normal hearing, and 6-month old mice with normal hearing, early onset hearing loss, and congenital deafness. Anterograde tracers were injected into the IC and retrograde tracers into the cochlea. Electron microscopic analysis of double-labelled tissue confirmed direct synaptic contact from the IC onto MOCs in all cohorts. These labelled terminals are indicative of excitatory neurotransmission because they contain round synaptic vesicles, exhibit asymmetric membrane specializations, and are co-labelled with antibodies against VGlut2, a glutamate transporter. 3D reconstructions of the terminal fields indicate that in normal hearing mice, descending projections from the IC are arranged tonotopically with low frequencies projecting laterally and progressively higher frequencies projecting more medially. Along the mediolateral axis, the projections of DBA/2 mice with acquired high frequency hearing loss were shifted medially towards expected higher frequency projecting regions. Shaker-2 mice with congenital deafness had a much broader spatial projection, revealing abnormalities in the topography of connections. These data suggest that loss in precision of IC directed MOC activation could contribute to impaired signal detection in noise.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29F1gr5
via IFTTT
Crossmodal plasticity in auditory, visual and multisensory cortical areas following noise-induced hearing loss in adulthood
Publication date: Available online 4 July 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Ashley L. Schormans, Marei Typlt, Brian L. Allman
Complete or partial hearing loss results in an increased responsiveness of neurons in the core auditory cortex of numerous species to visual and/or tactile stimuli (i.e., crossmodal plasticity). At present, however, it remains uncertain how adult-onset partial hearing loss affects higher-order cortical areas that normally integrate audiovisual information. To that end, extracellular electrophysiological recordings were performed under anesthesia in noise-exposed rats two weeks post-exposure (0.8-20 kHz at 120 dB SPL for 2 h) and age-matched controls to characterize the nature and extent of crossmodal plasticity in the dorsal auditory cortex (AuD), an area outside of the auditory core, as well as in the neighboring lateral extrastriate visual cortex (V2L), an area known to contribute to audiovisual processing. Computer-generated auditory (noise burst), visual (light flash) and combined audiovisual stimuli were delivered, and the associated spiking activity was used to determine the response profile of each neuron sampled (i.e., unisensory, subthreshold multisensory or bimodal). In both the AuD cortex and the multisensory zone of the V2L cortex, the maximum firing rates were unchanged following noise exposure, and there was a relative increase in the proportion of neurons responsive to visual stimuli, with a concomitant decrease in the number of neurons that were solely responsive to auditory stimuli despite adjusting the sound intensity to account for each rat’s hearing threshold. These neighboring cortical areas differed, however, in how noise-induced hearing loss affected audiovisual processing; the total proportion of multisensory neurons significantly decreased in the V2L cortex (control 38.8 ± 3.3% vs. noise-exposed 27.1 ± 3.4%), and dramatically increased in the AuD cortex (control 23.9 ± 3.3% vs. noise-exposed 49.8 ± 6.1%). Thus, following noise exposure, the cortical area showing the greatest relative degree of multisensory convergence transitioned ventrally, away from the audiovisual area, V2L, toward the predominantly auditory area, AuD. Overall, the collective findings of the present study support the suggestion that crossmodal plasticity induced by adult-onset hearing impairment manifests in higher-order cortical areas as a transition in the functional border of the audiovisual cortex.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29eSWIZ
via IFTTT
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Ashley L. Schormans, Marei Typlt, Brian L. Allman
Complete or partial hearing loss results in an increased responsiveness of neurons in the core auditory cortex of numerous species to visual and/or tactile stimuli (i.e., crossmodal plasticity). At present, however, it remains uncertain how adult-onset partial hearing loss affects higher-order cortical areas that normally integrate audiovisual information. To that end, extracellular electrophysiological recordings were performed under anesthesia in noise-exposed rats two weeks post-exposure (0.8-20 kHz at 120 dB SPL for 2 h) and age-matched controls to characterize the nature and extent of crossmodal plasticity in the dorsal auditory cortex (AuD), an area outside of the auditory core, as well as in the neighboring lateral extrastriate visual cortex (V2L), an area known to contribute to audiovisual processing. Computer-generated auditory (noise burst), visual (light flash) and combined audiovisual stimuli were delivered, and the associated spiking activity was used to determine the response profile of each neuron sampled (i.e., unisensory, subthreshold multisensory or bimodal). In both the AuD cortex and the multisensory zone of the V2L cortex, the maximum firing rates were unchanged following noise exposure, and there was a relative increase in the proportion of neurons responsive to visual stimuli, with a concomitant decrease in the number of neurons that were solely responsive to auditory stimuli despite adjusting the sound intensity to account for each rat’s hearing threshold. These neighboring cortical areas differed, however, in how noise-induced hearing loss affected audiovisual processing; the total proportion of multisensory neurons significantly decreased in the V2L cortex (control 38.8 ± 3.3% vs. noise-exposed 27.1 ± 3.4%), and dramatically increased in the AuD cortex (control 23.9 ± 3.3% vs. noise-exposed 49.8 ± 6.1%). Thus, following noise exposure, the cortical area showing the greatest relative degree of multisensory convergence transitioned ventrally, away from the audiovisual area, V2L, toward the predominantly auditory area, AuD. Overall, the collective findings of the present study support the suggestion that crossmodal plasticity induced by adult-onset hearing impairment manifests in higher-order cortical areas as a transition in the functional border of the audiovisual cortex.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29eSWIZ
via IFTTT
Place dependent stimulation rates improve pitch perception in cochlear implantees with single-sided deafness
Publication date: September 2016
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 339
Author(s): Tobias Rader, Julia Döge, Youssef Adel, Tobias Weissgerber, Uwe Baumann
In normal hearing, the pitch of an acoustic tone can theoretically be encoded by either the place of stimulation in the cochlea or the corresponding rate of vibration. Thus spectral attributes and temporal fine structure of an acoustic signal are naturally correlated. Cochlear implants (CIs), neural prosthetic devices that restore hearing in the profoundly hearing impaired, currently disregard this mechanism; electrical stimulation is provided at fixed electrode positions with default place independent stimulation rate assignments. This does not account for individual cochlear encoding depending on electrode array placement, variations in insertion depth, and the proximity to nerve fibers. Encoding pitch in such manner delivers limited tonal information. Consequently, music appraisal in CI users is often rated cacophonic while speech perception in quiet is close to normal in top performers. We hypothesize that this limitation in electric stimulation is at least partially due to the mismatch between frequency and place encoding in CIs. In the present study, we determined individual electrode locations by analysis of cochlear radiographic images obtained after surgery and calculated place dependent stimulation rates according to models of the normal tonotopic function. Pitch matching in CI users with single-sided deafness shows that place dependent stimulation rates allow thus far unparalleled restoration of tonotopic pitch perception. Collapsed data of matched pitch frequencies as a function of calculated electrical stimulation rate were well fitted by linear regression (R2 = 0.878). Sound processing strategies incorporating place dependent stimulation rates are expected to improve pitch perception in CI users.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29kL6Ql
via IFTTT
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 339
Author(s): Tobias Rader, Julia Döge, Youssef Adel, Tobias Weissgerber, Uwe Baumann
In normal hearing, the pitch of an acoustic tone can theoretically be encoded by either the place of stimulation in the cochlea or the corresponding rate of vibration. Thus spectral attributes and temporal fine structure of an acoustic signal are naturally correlated. Cochlear implants (CIs), neural prosthetic devices that restore hearing in the profoundly hearing impaired, currently disregard this mechanism; electrical stimulation is provided at fixed electrode positions with default place independent stimulation rate assignments. This does not account for individual cochlear encoding depending on electrode array placement, variations in insertion depth, and the proximity to nerve fibers. Encoding pitch in such manner delivers limited tonal information. Consequently, music appraisal in CI users is often rated cacophonic while speech perception in quiet is close to normal in top performers. We hypothesize that this limitation in electric stimulation is at least partially due to the mismatch between frequency and place encoding in CIs. In the present study, we determined individual electrode locations by analysis of cochlear radiographic images obtained after surgery and calculated place dependent stimulation rates according to models of the normal tonotopic function. Pitch matching in CI users with single-sided deafness shows that place dependent stimulation rates allow thus far unparalleled restoration of tonotopic pitch perception. Collapsed data of matched pitch frequencies as a function of calculated electrical stimulation rate were well fitted by linear regression (R2 = 0.878). Sound processing strategies incorporating place dependent stimulation rates are expected to improve pitch perception in CI users.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29kL6Ql
via IFTTT
Subcortical correlates of auditory perceptual organization in humans
Publication date: September 2016
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 339
Author(s): Shimpei Yamagishi, Sho Otsuka, Shigeto Furukawa, Makio Kashino
To make sense of complex auditory scenes, the auditory system sequentially organizes auditory components into perceptual objects or streams. In the conventional view of this process, the cortex plays a major role in perceptual organization, and subcortical mechanisms merely provide the cortex with acoustical features. Here, we show that the neural activities of the brainstem are linked to perceptual organization, which alternates spontaneously for human listeners without any stimulus change. The stimulus used in the experiment was an unchanging sequence of repeated triplet tones, which can be interpreted as either one or two streams. Listeners were instructed to report the perceptual states whenever they experienced perceptual switching between one and two streams throughout the stimulus presentation. Simultaneously, we recorded event related potentials with scalp electrodes. We measured the frequency-following response (FFR), which is considered to originate from the brainstem. We also assessed thalamo-cortical activity through the middle-latency response (MLR). The results demonstrate that the FFR and MLR varied with the state of auditory stream perception. In addition, we found that the MLR change precedes the FFR change with perceptual switching from a one-stream to a two-stream percept. This suggests that there are top-down influences on brainstem activity from the thalamo-cortical pathway. These findings are consistent with the idea of a distributed, hierarchical neural network for perceptual organization and suggest that the network extends to the brainstem level.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/294EYh0
via IFTTT
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 339
Author(s): Shimpei Yamagishi, Sho Otsuka, Shigeto Furukawa, Makio Kashino
To make sense of complex auditory scenes, the auditory system sequentially organizes auditory components into perceptual objects or streams. In the conventional view of this process, the cortex plays a major role in perceptual organization, and subcortical mechanisms merely provide the cortex with acoustical features. Here, we show that the neural activities of the brainstem are linked to perceptual organization, which alternates spontaneously for human listeners without any stimulus change. The stimulus used in the experiment was an unchanging sequence of repeated triplet tones, which can be interpreted as either one or two streams. Listeners were instructed to report the perceptual states whenever they experienced perceptual switching between one and two streams throughout the stimulus presentation. Simultaneously, we recorded event related potentials with scalp electrodes. We measured the frequency-following response (FFR), which is considered to originate from the brainstem. We also assessed thalamo-cortical activity through the middle-latency response (MLR). The results demonstrate that the FFR and MLR varied with the state of auditory stream perception. In addition, we found that the MLR change precedes the FFR change with perceptual switching from a one-stream to a two-stream percept. This suggests that there are top-down influences on brainstem activity from the thalamo-cortical pathway. These findings are consistent with the idea of a distributed, hierarchical neural network for perceptual organization and suggest that the network extends to the brainstem level.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/294EYh0
via IFTTT
Endolymph movement visualized with light sheet fluorescence microscopy in an acute hydrops model
Publication date: September 2016
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 339
Author(s): Daniel J. Brown, Christopher J. Pastras, Ian S. Curthoys, Cassandra S. Southwell, Lieke Van Roon
There are a variety of techniques available to investigate endolymph dynamics, primarily seeking to understand the cause of endolymphatic hydrops. Here we have taken the novel approach of injecting, via a glass micropipette, fluorescein isothiocyanate–dextran (FITC-dex) and artificial endolymph into scala media of anaesthetized guinea pigs, with subsequent imaging of the inner ear using Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM) as a means to obtain highly resolved 3D visualization of fluid movements. Our results demonstrate endolymph movement into the utricle, semicircular canals and endolymphatic duct and sac when more than 2.5 μl of fluid had been injected into scala media, with no apparent movement of fluid into the perilymphatic compartments. There was no movement of endolymph into these compartments when less than 2.5 μl was injected. The remarkable uptake of the FITC-dex into the endolymphatic duct, including an absorption into the periductal channels surrounding the endolymphatic duct, highlights the functional role this structure plays in endolymph volume regulation.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29jgfoo
via IFTTT
Source:Hearing Research, Volume 339
Author(s): Daniel J. Brown, Christopher J. Pastras, Ian S. Curthoys, Cassandra S. Southwell, Lieke Van Roon
There are a variety of techniques available to investigate endolymph dynamics, primarily seeking to understand the cause of endolymphatic hydrops. Here we have taken the novel approach of injecting, via a glass micropipette, fluorescein isothiocyanate–dextran (FITC-dex) and artificial endolymph into scala media of anaesthetized guinea pigs, with subsequent imaging of the inner ear using Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM) as a means to obtain highly resolved 3D visualization of fluid movements. Our results demonstrate endolymph movement into the utricle, semicircular canals and endolymphatic duct and sac when more than 2.5 μl of fluid had been injected into scala media, with no apparent movement of fluid into the perilymphatic compartments. There was no movement of endolymph into these compartments when less than 2.5 μl was injected. The remarkable uptake of the FITC-dex into the endolymphatic duct, including an absorption into the periductal channels surrounding the endolymphatic duct, highlights the functional role this structure plays in endolymph volume regulation.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29jgfoo
via IFTTT
Correlation between word recognition score and intracochlear new bone and fibrous tissue after cochlear implantation in the human
Publication date: Available online 29 June 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Takefumi Kamakura, Joseph B. Nadol
Cochlear implantation is an effective, established procedure for patients with profound deafness. Although implant electrodes have been considered as biocompatible prostheses, surgical insertion of the electrode induces various changes within the cochlea. Immediate changes include insertional trauma to the cochlea. Delayed changes include a tissue response consisting of inflammation, fibrosis and neo-osteogenesis induced by trauma and an immunologic reaction to a foreign body. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of these delayed changes on the word recognition scores achieved post-operatively. Seventeen temporal bones from patients who in life had undergone cochlear implantation were prepared for light microscopy. We digitally calculated the volume of fibrous tissue and new bone within the cochlea using Amira® three-dimensional reconstruction software and assessed the correlations of various clinical and histologic factors. The postoperative CNC word score was positively correlated with total spiral ganglion cell count. Fibrous tissue and new bone were found within the cochlea of all seventeen specimens. The postoperative CNC word score was negatively correlated with the % volume of new bone within the scala tympani, scala media/vestibuli and the cochlea, but not with the % volume of fibrous tissue. The % volume of new bone in the scala media/vestibuli was positively correlated with the degree of intracochlear insertional trauma, especially trauma to the basilar membrane.Our results revealed that the % volume of new bone as well as residual total spiral ganglion cell count are important factors influencing post-implant hearing performance. New bone formation may be reduced by limiting insertional trauma and increasing the biocompatibility of the electrodes.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/294EY0F
via IFTTT
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Takefumi Kamakura, Joseph B. Nadol
Cochlear implantation is an effective, established procedure for patients with profound deafness. Although implant electrodes have been considered as biocompatible prostheses, surgical insertion of the electrode induces various changes within the cochlea. Immediate changes include insertional trauma to the cochlea. Delayed changes include a tissue response consisting of inflammation, fibrosis and neo-osteogenesis induced by trauma and an immunologic reaction to a foreign body. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of these delayed changes on the word recognition scores achieved post-operatively. Seventeen temporal bones from patients who in life had undergone cochlear implantation were prepared for light microscopy. We digitally calculated the volume of fibrous tissue and new bone within the cochlea using Amira® three-dimensional reconstruction software and assessed the correlations of various clinical and histologic factors. The postoperative CNC word score was positively correlated with total spiral ganglion cell count. Fibrous tissue and new bone were found within the cochlea of all seventeen specimens. The postoperative CNC word score was negatively correlated with the % volume of new bone within the scala tympani, scala media/vestibuli and the cochlea, but not with the % volume of fibrous tissue. The % volume of new bone in the scala media/vestibuli was positively correlated with the degree of intracochlear insertional trauma, especially trauma to the basilar membrane.Our results revealed that the % volume of new bone as well as residual total spiral ganglion cell count are important factors influencing post-implant hearing performance. New bone formation may be reduced by limiting insertional trauma and increasing the biocompatibility of the electrodes.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/294EY0F
via IFTTT
Descending Projections from the Inferior Colliculus to Medial Olivocochlear Efferents: Mice with Normal Hearing, Early Onset Hearing Loss, and Congenital Deafness
Publication date: Available online 12 July 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Kirupa Suthakar, David K. Ryugo
Auditory efferent neurons reside in the brain and innervate the sensory hair cells of the cochlea to modulate incoming acoustic signals. Two groups of efferents have been described in mouse and this report will focus on the medial olivocochlear (MOC) system. Electrophysiological data suggest the MOC efferents function in selective listening by differentially attenuating auditory nerve fiber activity in quiet and noisy conditions. Because speech understanding in noise is impaired in age-related hearing loss, we asked whether pathologic changes in input to MOC neurons from higher centers could be involved. The present study investigated the anatomical nature of descending projections from the inferior colliculus (IC) to MOCs in 3-month old mice with normal hearing, and 6-month old mice with normal hearing, early onset hearing loss, and congenital deafness. Anterograde tracers were injected into the IC and retrograde tracers into the cochlea. Electron microscopic analysis of double-labelled tissue confirmed direct synaptic contact from the IC onto MOCs in all cohorts. These labelled terminals are indicative of excitatory neurotransmission because they contain round synaptic vesicles, exhibit asymmetric membrane specializations, and are co-labelled with antibodies against VGlut2, a glutamate transporter. 3D reconstructions of the terminal fields indicate that in normal hearing mice, descending projections from the IC are arranged tonotopically with low frequencies projecting laterally and progressively higher frequencies projecting more medially. Along the mediolateral axis, the projections of DBA/2 mice with acquired high frequency hearing loss were shifted medially towards expected higher frequency projecting regions. Shaker-2 mice with congenital deafness had a much broader spatial projection, revealing abnormalities in the topography of connections. These data suggest that loss in precision of IC directed MOC activation could contribute to impaired signal detection in noise.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29F1gr5
via IFTTT
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Kirupa Suthakar, David K. Ryugo
Auditory efferent neurons reside in the brain and innervate the sensory hair cells of the cochlea to modulate incoming acoustic signals. Two groups of efferents have been described in mouse and this report will focus on the medial olivocochlear (MOC) system. Electrophysiological data suggest the MOC efferents function in selective listening by differentially attenuating auditory nerve fiber activity in quiet and noisy conditions. Because speech understanding in noise is impaired in age-related hearing loss, we asked whether pathologic changes in input to MOC neurons from higher centers could be involved. The present study investigated the anatomical nature of descending projections from the inferior colliculus (IC) to MOCs in 3-month old mice with normal hearing, and 6-month old mice with normal hearing, early onset hearing loss, and congenital deafness. Anterograde tracers were injected into the IC and retrograde tracers into the cochlea. Electron microscopic analysis of double-labelled tissue confirmed direct synaptic contact from the IC onto MOCs in all cohorts. These labelled terminals are indicative of excitatory neurotransmission because they contain round synaptic vesicles, exhibit asymmetric membrane specializations, and are co-labelled with antibodies against VGlut2, a glutamate transporter. 3D reconstructions of the terminal fields indicate that in normal hearing mice, descending projections from the IC are arranged tonotopically with low frequencies projecting laterally and progressively higher frequencies projecting more medially. Along the mediolateral axis, the projections of DBA/2 mice with acquired high frequency hearing loss were shifted medially towards expected higher frequency projecting regions. Shaker-2 mice with congenital deafness had a much broader spatial projection, revealing abnormalities in the topography of connections. These data suggest that loss in precision of IC directed MOC activation could contribute to impaired signal detection in noise.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29F1gr5
via IFTTT
Crossmodal plasticity in auditory, visual and multisensory cortical areas following noise-induced hearing loss in adulthood
Publication date: Available online 4 July 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Ashley L. Schormans, Marei Typlt, Brian L. Allman
Complete or partial hearing loss results in an increased responsiveness of neurons in the core auditory cortex of numerous species to visual and/or tactile stimuli (i.e., crossmodal plasticity). At present, however, it remains uncertain how adult-onset partial hearing loss affects higher-order cortical areas that normally integrate audiovisual information. To that end, extracellular electrophysiological recordings were performed under anesthesia in noise-exposed rats two weeks post-exposure (0.8-20 kHz at 120 dB SPL for 2 h) and age-matched controls to characterize the nature and extent of crossmodal plasticity in the dorsal auditory cortex (AuD), an area outside of the auditory core, as well as in the neighboring lateral extrastriate visual cortex (V2L), an area known to contribute to audiovisual processing. Computer-generated auditory (noise burst), visual (light flash) and combined audiovisual stimuli were delivered, and the associated spiking activity was used to determine the response profile of each neuron sampled (i.e., unisensory, subthreshold multisensory or bimodal). In both the AuD cortex and the multisensory zone of the V2L cortex, the maximum firing rates were unchanged following noise exposure, and there was a relative increase in the proportion of neurons responsive to visual stimuli, with a concomitant decrease in the number of neurons that were solely responsive to auditory stimuli despite adjusting the sound intensity to account for each rat’s hearing threshold. These neighboring cortical areas differed, however, in how noise-induced hearing loss affected audiovisual processing; the total proportion of multisensory neurons significantly decreased in the V2L cortex (control 38.8 ± 3.3% vs. noise-exposed 27.1 ± 3.4%), and dramatically increased in the AuD cortex (control 23.9 ± 3.3% vs. noise-exposed 49.8 ± 6.1%). Thus, following noise exposure, the cortical area showing the greatest relative degree of multisensory convergence transitioned ventrally, away from the audiovisual area, V2L, toward the predominantly auditory area, AuD. Overall, the collective findings of the present study support the suggestion that crossmodal plasticity induced by adult-onset hearing impairment manifests in higher-order cortical areas as a transition in the functional border of the audiovisual cortex.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29eSWIZ
via IFTTT
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Ashley L. Schormans, Marei Typlt, Brian L. Allman
Complete or partial hearing loss results in an increased responsiveness of neurons in the core auditory cortex of numerous species to visual and/or tactile stimuli (i.e., crossmodal plasticity). At present, however, it remains uncertain how adult-onset partial hearing loss affects higher-order cortical areas that normally integrate audiovisual information. To that end, extracellular electrophysiological recordings were performed under anesthesia in noise-exposed rats two weeks post-exposure (0.8-20 kHz at 120 dB SPL for 2 h) and age-matched controls to characterize the nature and extent of crossmodal plasticity in the dorsal auditory cortex (AuD), an area outside of the auditory core, as well as in the neighboring lateral extrastriate visual cortex (V2L), an area known to contribute to audiovisual processing. Computer-generated auditory (noise burst), visual (light flash) and combined audiovisual stimuli were delivered, and the associated spiking activity was used to determine the response profile of each neuron sampled (i.e., unisensory, subthreshold multisensory or bimodal). In both the AuD cortex and the multisensory zone of the V2L cortex, the maximum firing rates were unchanged following noise exposure, and there was a relative increase in the proportion of neurons responsive to visual stimuli, with a concomitant decrease in the number of neurons that were solely responsive to auditory stimuli despite adjusting the sound intensity to account for each rat’s hearing threshold. These neighboring cortical areas differed, however, in how noise-induced hearing loss affected audiovisual processing; the total proportion of multisensory neurons significantly decreased in the V2L cortex (control 38.8 ± 3.3% vs. noise-exposed 27.1 ± 3.4%), and dramatically increased in the AuD cortex (control 23.9 ± 3.3% vs. noise-exposed 49.8 ± 6.1%). Thus, following noise exposure, the cortical area showing the greatest relative degree of multisensory convergence transitioned ventrally, away from the audiovisual area, V2L, toward the predominantly auditory area, AuD. Overall, the collective findings of the present study support the suggestion that crossmodal plasticity induced by adult-onset hearing impairment manifests in higher-order cortical areas as a transition in the functional border of the audiovisual cortex.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29eSWIZ
via IFTTT
Introduction
10.1080/14992027.2016.1203565<br/>
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LIte3
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LIte3
via IFTTT
Insights on different analysis techniques in the monothermal and bithermal caloric test – which parameter should we use to quantify vestibular function?
10.1080/14992027.2016.1204668<br/>Paul Radomskij
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LSaVv
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LSaVv
via IFTTT
A review of the perceptual effects of hearing loss for frequencies above 3 kHz
10.1080/14992027.2016.1204565<br/>Brian C. J. Moore
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LI6Qq
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LI6Qq
via IFTTT
Hearing protector fit testing with off-shore oil-rig inspectors in Louisiana and Texas
10.1080/14992027.2016.1204470<br/>William J. Murphy
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LSbZN
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LSbZN
via IFTTT
Validation of list equivalency for Mandarin speech materials to use with cochlear implant listeners
10.1080/14992027.2016.1204564<br/>Yongxin Li
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LI6Aa
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LI6Aa
via IFTTT
Acceptance of internet-based hearing healthcare among adults who fail a hearing screening
Volume 55, Issue 9, September 2016, pages 483-490<br/>10.1080/14992027.2016.1185804<br/>Ann M. Rothpletz
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LS9ko
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LS9ko
via IFTTT
A polymorphism in human estrogen-related receptor beta (ESRRβ) predicts audiometric temporary threshold shift
10.1080/14992027.2016.1192693<br/>Ishan Bhatt
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LIdLO
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LIdLO
via IFTTT
Anxiety and depression, personality traits relevant to tinnitus: A scoping review
10.1080/14992027.2016.1198966<br/>Mithila Durai
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LRK1s
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LRK1s
via IFTTT
Comment on ‘The effects of frequency lowering on speech perception in noise with adult hearing-aid users’
10.1080/14992027.2016.1200753<br/>Jason A. Galster
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LI9vz
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LI9vz
via IFTTT
Introduction
10.1080/14992027.2016.1203565<br/>
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LIte3
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LIte3
via IFTTT
Insights on different analysis techniques in the monothermal and bithermal caloric test – which parameter should we use to quantify vestibular function?
10.1080/14992027.2016.1204668<br/>Paul Radomskij
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LSaVv
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LSaVv
via IFTTT
A review of the perceptual effects of hearing loss for frequencies above 3 kHz
10.1080/14992027.2016.1204565<br/>Brian C. J. Moore
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LI6Qq
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LI6Qq
via IFTTT
Hearing protector fit testing with off-shore oil-rig inspectors in Louisiana and Texas
10.1080/14992027.2016.1204470<br/>William J. Murphy
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LSbZN
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LSbZN
via IFTTT
Validation of list equivalency for Mandarin speech materials to use with cochlear implant listeners
10.1080/14992027.2016.1204564<br/>Yongxin Li
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LI6Aa
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LI6Aa
via IFTTT
Acceptance of internet-based hearing healthcare among adults who fail a hearing screening
Volume 55, Issue 9, September 2016, pages 483-490<br/>10.1080/14992027.2016.1185804<br/>Ann M. Rothpletz
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LS9ko
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LS9ko
via IFTTT
A polymorphism in human estrogen-related receptor beta (ESRRβ) predicts audiometric temporary threshold shift
10.1080/14992027.2016.1192693<br/>Ishan Bhatt
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LIdLO
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LIdLO
via IFTTT
Anxiety and depression, personality traits relevant to tinnitus: A scoping review
10.1080/14992027.2016.1198966<br/>Mithila Durai
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LRK1s
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LRK1s
via IFTTT
Comment on ‘The effects of frequency lowering on speech perception in noise with adult hearing-aid users’
10.1080/14992027.2016.1200753<br/>Jason A. Galster
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LI9vz
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LI9vz
via IFTTT
A qualitative investigation of decision making during help-seeking for adult hearing loss
10.1080/14992027.2016.1202455<br/>Helen Pryce
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LROOV
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LROOV
via IFTTT
Experiences of hearing loss and views towards interventions to promote uptake of rehabilitation support among UK adults
10.1080/14992027.2016.1200146<br/>Crystal Rolfe
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LIAWU
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LIAWU
via IFTTT
Speech perception in medico-legal assessment of hearing disabilities
10.1080/14992027.2016.1198967<br/>Ellen Raben Pedersen
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LROOL
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LROOL
via IFTTT
Current process in hearing-aid fitting appointments: An analysis of audiologists’ use of behaviour change techniques using the behaviour change technique taxonomy (v1)
10.1080/14992027.2016.1197425<br/>Fiona Barker
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LIyOU
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LIyOU
via IFTTT
Extended bandwidth real-ear measurement accuracy and repeatability to 10 kHz
10.1080/14992027.2016.1197427<br/>Jonathan M. Vaisberg
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LRTC6
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LRTC6
via IFTTT
Effects of insertion depth on spatial speech perception in noise for simulations of cochlear implants and single-sided deafness
10.1080/14992027.2016.1197426<br/>Xiaoqing Zhou
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LIhv9
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LIhv9
via IFTTT
Amplification of transcutaneous and percutaneous bone-conduction devices with a test-band in an induced model of conductive hearing loss
10.1080/14992027.2016.1193234<br/>Marn Joon Park
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LS2Wg
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LS2Wg
via IFTTT
Paediatric tinnitus: The unmet clinical need
10.1080/14992027.2016.1190467<br/>Rachel Humphriss
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LIzSY
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LIzSY
via IFTTT
A qualitative investigation of decision making during help-seeking for adult hearing loss
10.1080/14992027.2016.1202455<br/>Helen Pryce
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LROOV
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LROOV
via IFTTT
Experiences of hearing loss and views towards interventions to promote uptake of rehabilitation support among UK adults
10.1080/14992027.2016.1200146<br/>Crystal Rolfe
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LIAWU
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LIAWU
via IFTTT
Speech perception in medico-legal assessment of hearing disabilities
10.1080/14992027.2016.1198967<br/>Ellen Raben Pedersen
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LROOL
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LROOL
via IFTTT
Current process in hearing-aid fitting appointments: An analysis of audiologists’ use of behaviour change techniques using the behaviour change technique taxonomy (v1)
10.1080/14992027.2016.1197425<br/>Fiona Barker
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LIyOU
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LIyOU
via IFTTT
Extended bandwidth real-ear measurement accuracy and repeatability to 10 kHz
10.1080/14992027.2016.1197427<br/>Jonathan M. Vaisberg
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LRTC6
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LRTC6
via IFTTT
Effects of insertion depth on spatial speech perception in noise for simulations of cochlear implants and single-sided deafness
10.1080/14992027.2016.1197426<br/>Xiaoqing Zhou
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LIhv9
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LIhv9
via IFTTT
Amplification of transcutaneous and percutaneous bone-conduction devices with a test-band in an induced model of conductive hearing loss
10.1080/14992027.2016.1193234<br/>Marn Joon Park
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LS2Wg
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LS2Wg
via IFTTT
Paediatric tinnitus: The unmet clinical need
10.1080/14992027.2016.1190467<br/>Rachel Humphriss
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LIzSY
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29LIzSY
via IFTTT
Development and reliability of a measure evaluating dynamic proprioception during walking with a robotized ankle-foot orthosis, and its relation to dynamic postural control
Publication date: Available online 15 July 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Amélie Fournier Belley, Jason Bouffard, Karine Brochu, Catherine Mercier, Jean-Sébastien Roy, Laurent Bouyer
BACKGROUNDProprioception is important for proper motor control. As the central nervous system modulates how sensory information is processed during movement (sensory gating), proprioceptive tests performed at rest do not correlate well with performance during dynamic tasks such as walking. Proprioception therefore needs to be assessed during movement execution.OBJECTIVES1) to develop a test evaluating the ability to detect movement errors during walking, and its test-retest reliability; 2) to quantify the relationship between proprioceptive threshold (obtained with this new test) and performance in a standardized dynamic balance task.METHODThirty healthy subjects walked on a treadmill while wearing a robotized ankle-foot orthosis (rAFO) for 2 bouts of 6minutes on 2 evaluation sessions (test-retest reliability). Force perturbations resisting ankle dorsiflexion during swing were applied to the ankle via the rAFO (150ms duration, variable amplitude). Participants pushed a button when they detected the perturbations. The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) was used to evaluate dynamic balance.ANALYSISAngular differences between perturbed and non-perturbed gait cycles were used to quantify movement error. Detection threshold was defined as the minimal movement error at which 50% of the perturbations were perceived. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) estimated test-retest reliability, and Pearson coefficients were used to determine the correlation between detection threshold and SEBT.RESULTSDetection threshold was 5.31±2.12°. Good reliability (ICC=0.70) and a moderate to strong correlation to SEBT (r=−0.57 to −0.76) were found.CONCLUSIONForce perturbations produced by the robotized AFO provides a reliable way of evaluating proprioception during walking.
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2a5TVAm
via IFTTT
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Amélie Fournier Belley, Jason Bouffard, Karine Brochu, Catherine Mercier, Jean-Sébastien Roy, Laurent Bouyer
BACKGROUNDProprioception is important for proper motor control. As the central nervous system modulates how sensory information is processed during movement (sensory gating), proprioceptive tests performed at rest do not correlate well with performance during dynamic tasks such as walking. Proprioception therefore needs to be assessed during movement execution.OBJECTIVES1) to develop a test evaluating the ability to detect movement errors during walking, and its test-retest reliability; 2) to quantify the relationship between proprioceptive threshold (obtained with this new test) and performance in a standardized dynamic balance task.METHODThirty healthy subjects walked on a treadmill while wearing a robotized ankle-foot orthosis (rAFO) for 2 bouts of 6minutes on 2 evaluation sessions (test-retest reliability). Force perturbations resisting ankle dorsiflexion during swing were applied to the ankle via the rAFO (150ms duration, variable amplitude). Participants pushed a button when they detected the perturbations. The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) was used to evaluate dynamic balance.ANALYSISAngular differences between perturbed and non-perturbed gait cycles were used to quantify movement error. Detection threshold was defined as the minimal movement error at which 50% of the perturbations were perceived. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) estimated test-retest reliability, and Pearson coefficients were used to determine the correlation between detection threshold and SEBT.RESULTSDetection threshold was 5.31±2.12°. Good reliability (ICC=0.70) and a moderate to strong correlation to SEBT (r=−0.57 to −0.76) were found.CONCLUSIONForce perturbations produced by the robotized AFO provides a reliable way of evaluating proprioception during walking.
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2a5TVAm
via IFTTT
Joint Contact Forces can be Reduced by Improving Joint Moment Symmetry in Below-Knee Amputee Gait Simulations
Publication date: Available online 15 July 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Anne D. Koelewijn, Antonie J. van den Bogert
Despite having a fully functional knee and hip in both legs, asymmetries in joint moments of the knee and hip are often seen in gait of persons with a unilateral transtibial amputation (TTA), possibly resulting in excessive joint loading. We hypothesize that persons with a TTA can walk with more symmetric joint moments at the cost of increased effort or abnormal kinematics. The hypothesis was tested using predictive simulations of gait. Open loop controls of one gait cycle were found by solving an optimization problem that minimizes a combination of walking effort and tracking error in joint angles, ground reaction force and gait cycle duration. A second objective was added to penalize joint moment asymmetry, creating a multi-objective optimization problem. A Pareto front was constructed by changing the weights of the objectives and three solutions were analyzed to study the effect of increasing joint moment symmetry. When the optimization placed more weight on moment symmetry, walking effort increased and kinematics became less normal, confirming the hypothesis. TTA gait improved with a moderate increase in joint moment symmetry. At a small cost of effort and abnormal kinematics, the peak hip extension moment in the intact leg was decreased significantly, and so was the joint contact force in the knee and hip. Additional symmetry required a significant increase in walking effort and the joint contact forces in both hips became significantly higher than in able-bodied gait.
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2a0PYtX
via IFTTT
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Anne D. Koelewijn, Antonie J. van den Bogert
Despite having a fully functional knee and hip in both legs, asymmetries in joint moments of the knee and hip are often seen in gait of persons with a unilateral transtibial amputation (TTA), possibly resulting in excessive joint loading. We hypothesize that persons with a TTA can walk with more symmetric joint moments at the cost of increased effort or abnormal kinematics. The hypothesis was tested using predictive simulations of gait. Open loop controls of one gait cycle were found by solving an optimization problem that minimizes a combination of walking effort and tracking error in joint angles, ground reaction force and gait cycle duration. A second objective was added to penalize joint moment asymmetry, creating a multi-objective optimization problem. A Pareto front was constructed by changing the weights of the objectives and three solutions were analyzed to study the effect of increasing joint moment symmetry. When the optimization placed more weight on moment symmetry, walking effort increased and kinematics became less normal, confirming the hypothesis. TTA gait improved with a moderate increase in joint moment symmetry. At a small cost of effort and abnormal kinematics, the peak hip extension moment in the intact leg was decreased significantly, and so was the joint contact force in the knee and hip. Additional symmetry required a significant increase in walking effort and the joint contact forces in both hips became significantly higher than in able-bodied gait.
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2a0PYtX
via IFTTT
Comparability of off the shelf foot orthoses in the redistribution of forces in midfoot osteoarthritis patients
Publication date: Available online 15 July 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Graham J. Chapman, Jill Halstead-Rastrick, Anthony C. Redmond
BackgroundMidfoot osteoarthritis (OA) is more prevalent and strongly associated with pain than previously thought. Excessive mechanical loading of the midfoot structures may contribute to midfoot OA and studies suggest that functional foot orthoses (FFO) may relieve pain through improving function. This exploratory study aimed to evaluate the mechanical effect of two off-the-shelf FFOs, compared to a sham orthosis in people with midfoot OA.MethodsThirty-three participants with radiographically confirmed symptomatic midfoot OA were randomly assigned to wear either a commercially available FFO or a sham orthosis. After wearing their assigned orthoses for 12 weeks, plantar pressure measurements were obtained under shoe-only and assigned orthoses conditions. Participants assigned to the sham, were additionally tested wearing a second type of FFO at the end of trial. Descriptive mean change (±95% confidence intervals) in plantar pressure for each orthoses condition, versus a shoe only baseline condition are presented.FindingsCompared to the shoe only conditions, both FFOs decreased hindfoot and forefoot maximum force and peak pressure, whilst increasing maximum force and contact area under the midfoot. The sham orthosis yielded plantar pressures similar to the shoe-only condition.InterpretationFindings suggest that both types of off-the-shelf FFO may provide mechanical benefit, whilst the sham orthoses produced similar findings to the shoe only condition, indicating appropriate sham properties. This paper provides insight into the mechanisms of action underpinning the use of FFOs and sham orthoses, which can inform future definitive RCTs examining the effect of orthoses on midfoot OA.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2a0PSCF
via IFTTT
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Graham J. Chapman, Jill Halstead-Rastrick, Anthony C. Redmond
BackgroundMidfoot osteoarthritis (OA) is more prevalent and strongly associated with pain than previously thought. Excessive mechanical loading of the midfoot structures may contribute to midfoot OA and studies suggest that functional foot orthoses (FFO) may relieve pain through improving function. This exploratory study aimed to evaluate the mechanical effect of two off-the-shelf FFOs, compared to a sham orthosis in people with midfoot OA.MethodsThirty-three participants with radiographically confirmed symptomatic midfoot OA were randomly assigned to wear either a commercially available FFO or a sham orthosis. After wearing their assigned orthoses for 12 weeks, plantar pressure measurements were obtained under shoe-only and assigned orthoses conditions. Participants assigned to the sham, were additionally tested wearing a second type of FFO at the end of trial. Descriptive mean change (±95% confidence intervals) in plantar pressure for each orthoses condition, versus a shoe only baseline condition are presented.FindingsCompared to the shoe only conditions, both FFOs decreased hindfoot and forefoot maximum force and peak pressure, whilst increasing maximum force and contact area under the midfoot. The sham orthosis yielded plantar pressures similar to the shoe-only condition.InterpretationFindings suggest that both types of off-the-shelf FFO may provide mechanical benefit, whilst the sham orthoses produced similar findings to the shoe only condition, indicating appropriate sham properties. This paper provides insight into the mechanisms of action underpinning the use of FFOs and sham orthoses, which can inform future definitive RCTs examining the effect of orthoses on midfoot OA.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2a0PSCF
via IFTTT
Development and reliability of a measure evaluating dynamic proprioception during walking with a robotized ankle-foot orthosis, and its relation to dynamic postural control
Publication date: Available online 15 July 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Amélie Fournier Belley, Jason Bouffard, Karine Brochu, Catherine Mercier, Jean-Sébastien Roy, Laurent Bouyer
BACKGROUNDProprioception is important for proper motor control. As the central nervous system modulates how sensory information is processed during movement (sensory gating), proprioceptive tests performed at rest do not correlate well with performance during dynamic tasks such as walking. Proprioception therefore needs to be assessed during movement execution.OBJECTIVES1) to develop a test evaluating the ability to detect movement errors during walking, and its test-retest reliability; 2) to quantify the relationship between proprioceptive threshold (obtained with this new test) and performance in a standardized dynamic balance task.METHODThirty healthy subjects walked on a treadmill while wearing a robotized ankle-foot orthosis (rAFO) for 2 bouts of 6minutes on 2 evaluation sessions (test-retest reliability). Force perturbations resisting ankle dorsiflexion during swing were applied to the ankle via the rAFO (150ms duration, variable amplitude). Participants pushed a button when they detected the perturbations. The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) was used to evaluate dynamic balance.ANALYSISAngular differences between perturbed and non-perturbed gait cycles were used to quantify movement error. Detection threshold was defined as the minimal movement error at which 50% of the perturbations were perceived. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) estimated test-retest reliability, and Pearson coefficients were used to determine the correlation between detection threshold and SEBT.RESULTSDetection threshold was 5.31±2.12°. Good reliability (ICC=0.70) and a moderate to strong correlation to SEBT (r=−0.57 to −0.76) were found.CONCLUSIONForce perturbations produced by the robotized AFO provides a reliable way of evaluating proprioception during walking.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2a5TVAm
via IFTTT
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Amélie Fournier Belley, Jason Bouffard, Karine Brochu, Catherine Mercier, Jean-Sébastien Roy, Laurent Bouyer
BACKGROUNDProprioception is important for proper motor control. As the central nervous system modulates how sensory information is processed during movement (sensory gating), proprioceptive tests performed at rest do not correlate well with performance during dynamic tasks such as walking. Proprioception therefore needs to be assessed during movement execution.OBJECTIVES1) to develop a test evaluating the ability to detect movement errors during walking, and its test-retest reliability; 2) to quantify the relationship between proprioceptive threshold (obtained with this new test) and performance in a standardized dynamic balance task.METHODThirty healthy subjects walked on a treadmill while wearing a robotized ankle-foot orthosis (rAFO) for 2 bouts of 6minutes on 2 evaluation sessions (test-retest reliability). Force perturbations resisting ankle dorsiflexion during swing were applied to the ankle via the rAFO (150ms duration, variable amplitude). Participants pushed a button when they detected the perturbations. The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) was used to evaluate dynamic balance.ANALYSISAngular differences between perturbed and non-perturbed gait cycles were used to quantify movement error. Detection threshold was defined as the minimal movement error at which 50% of the perturbations were perceived. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) estimated test-retest reliability, and Pearson coefficients were used to determine the correlation between detection threshold and SEBT.RESULTSDetection threshold was 5.31±2.12°. Good reliability (ICC=0.70) and a moderate to strong correlation to SEBT (r=−0.57 to −0.76) were found.CONCLUSIONForce perturbations produced by the robotized AFO provides a reliable way of evaluating proprioception during walking.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2a5TVAm
via IFTTT
Joint Contact Forces can be Reduced by Improving Joint Moment Symmetry in Below-Knee Amputee Gait Simulations
Publication date: Available online 15 July 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Anne D. Koelewijn, Antonie J. van den Bogert
Despite having a fully functional knee and hip in both legs, asymmetries in joint moments of the knee and hip are often seen in gait of persons with a unilateral transtibial amputation (TTA), possibly resulting in excessive joint loading. We hypothesize that persons with a TTA can walk with more symmetric joint moments at the cost of increased effort or abnormal kinematics. The hypothesis was tested using predictive simulations of gait. Open loop controls of one gait cycle were found by solving an optimization problem that minimizes a combination of walking effort and tracking error in joint angles, ground reaction force and gait cycle duration. A second objective was added to penalize joint moment asymmetry, creating a multi-objective optimization problem. A Pareto front was constructed by changing the weights of the objectives and three solutions were analyzed to study the effect of increasing joint moment symmetry. When the optimization placed more weight on moment symmetry, walking effort increased and kinematics became less normal, confirming the hypothesis. TTA gait improved with a moderate increase in joint moment symmetry. At a small cost of effort and abnormal kinematics, the peak hip extension moment in the intact leg was decreased significantly, and so was the joint contact force in the knee and hip. Additional symmetry required a significant increase in walking effort and the joint contact forces in both hips became significantly higher than in able-bodied gait.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2a0PYtX
via IFTTT
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Anne D. Koelewijn, Antonie J. van den Bogert
Despite having a fully functional knee and hip in both legs, asymmetries in joint moments of the knee and hip are often seen in gait of persons with a unilateral transtibial amputation (TTA), possibly resulting in excessive joint loading. We hypothesize that persons with a TTA can walk with more symmetric joint moments at the cost of increased effort or abnormal kinematics. The hypothesis was tested using predictive simulations of gait. Open loop controls of one gait cycle were found by solving an optimization problem that minimizes a combination of walking effort and tracking error in joint angles, ground reaction force and gait cycle duration. A second objective was added to penalize joint moment asymmetry, creating a multi-objective optimization problem. A Pareto front was constructed by changing the weights of the objectives and three solutions were analyzed to study the effect of increasing joint moment symmetry. When the optimization placed more weight on moment symmetry, walking effort increased and kinematics became less normal, confirming the hypothesis. TTA gait improved with a moderate increase in joint moment symmetry. At a small cost of effort and abnormal kinematics, the peak hip extension moment in the intact leg was decreased significantly, and so was the joint contact force in the knee and hip. Additional symmetry required a significant increase in walking effort and the joint contact forces in both hips became significantly higher than in able-bodied gait.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2a0PYtX
via IFTTT
Comparability of off the shelf foot orthoses in the redistribution of forces in midfoot osteoarthritis patients
Publication date: Available online 15 July 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Graham J. Chapman, Jill Halstead-Rastrick, Anthony C. Redmond
BackgroundMidfoot osteoarthritis (OA) is more prevalent and strongly associated with pain than previously thought. Excessive mechanical loading of the midfoot structures may contribute to midfoot OA and studies suggest that functional foot orthoses (FFO) may relieve pain through improving function. This exploratory study aimed to evaluate the mechanical effect of two off-the-shelf FFOs, compared to a sham orthosis in people with midfoot OA.MethodsThirty-three participants with radiographically confirmed symptomatic midfoot OA were randomly assigned to wear either a commercially available FFO or a sham orthosis. After wearing their assigned orthoses for 12 weeks, plantar pressure measurements were obtained under shoe-only and assigned orthoses conditions. Participants assigned to the sham, were additionally tested wearing a second type of FFO at the end of trial. Descriptive mean change (±95% confidence intervals) in plantar pressure for each orthoses condition, versus a shoe only baseline condition are presented.FindingsCompared to the shoe only conditions, both FFOs decreased hindfoot and forefoot maximum force and peak pressure, whilst increasing maximum force and contact area under the midfoot. The sham orthosis yielded plantar pressures similar to the shoe-only condition.InterpretationFindings suggest that both types of off-the-shelf FFO may provide mechanical benefit, whilst the sham orthoses produced similar findings to the shoe only condition, indicating appropriate sham properties. This paper provides insight into the mechanisms of action underpinning the use of FFOs and sham orthoses, which can inform future definitive RCTs examining the effect of orthoses on midfoot OA.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2a0PSCF
via IFTTT
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Graham J. Chapman, Jill Halstead-Rastrick, Anthony C. Redmond
BackgroundMidfoot osteoarthritis (OA) is more prevalent and strongly associated with pain than previously thought. Excessive mechanical loading of the midfoot structures may contribute to midfoot OA and studies suggest that functional foot orthoses (FFO) may relieve pain through improving function. This exploratory study aimed to evaluate the mechanical effect of two off-the-shelf FFOs, compared to a sham orthosis in people with midfoot OA.MethodsThirty-three participants with radiographically confirmed symptomatic midfoot OA were randomly assigned to wear either a commercially available FFO or a sham orthosis. After wearing their assigned orthoses for 12 weeks, plantar pressure measurements were obtained under shoe-only and assigned orthoses conditions. Participants assigned to the sham, were additionally tested wearing a second type of FFO at the end of trial. Descriptive mean change (±95% confidence intervals) in plantar pressure for each orthoses condition, versus a shoe only baseline condition are presented.FindingsCompared to the shoe only conditions, both FFOs decreased hindfoot and forefoot maximum force and peak pressure, whilst increasing maximum force and contact area under the midfoot. The sham orthosis yielded plantar pressures similar to the shoe-only condition.InterpretationFindings suggest that both types of off-the-shelf FFO may provide mechanical benefit, whilst the sham orthoses produced similar findings to the shoe only condition, indicating appropriate sham properties. This paper provides insight into the mechanisms of action underpinning the use of FFOs and sham orthoses, which can inform future definitive RCTs examining the effect of orthoses on midfoot OA.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2a0PSCF
via IFTTT
Development and reliability of a measure evaluating dynamic proprioception during walking with a robotized ankle-foot orthosis, and its relation to dynamic postural control
Publication date: Available online 15 July 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Amélie Fournier Belley, Jason Bouffard, Karine Brochu, Catherine Mercier, Jean-Sébastien Roy, Laurent Bouyer
BACKGROUNDProprioception is important for proper motor control. As the central nervous system modulates how sensory information is processed during movement (sensory gating), proprioceptive tests performed at rest do not correlate well with performance during dynamic tasks such as walking. Proprioception therefore needs to be assessed during movement execution.OBJECTIVES1) to develop a test evaluating the ability to detect movement errors during walking, and its test-retest reliability; 2) to quantify the relationship between proprioceptive threshold (obtained with this new test) and performance in a standardized dynamic balance task.METHODThirty healthy subjects walked on a treadmill while wearing a robotized ankle-foot orthosis (rAFO) for 2 bouts of 6minutes on 2 evaluation sessions (test-retest reliability). Force perturbations resisting ankle dorsiflexion during swing were applied to the ankle via the rAFO (150ms duration, variable amplitude). Participants pushed a button when they detected the perturbations. The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) was used to evaluate dynamic balance.ANALYSISAngular differences between perturbed and non-perturbed gait cycles were used to quantify movement error. Detection threshold was defined as the minimal movement error at which 50% of the perturbations were perceived. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) estimated test-retest reliability, and Pearson coefficients were used to determine the correlation between detection threshold and SEBT.RESULTSDetection threshold was 5.31±2.12°. Good reliability (ICC=0.70) and a moderate to strong correlation to SEBT (r=−0.57 to −0.76) were found.CONCLUSIONForce perturbations produced by the robotized AFO provides a reliable way of evaluating proprioception during walking.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2a5TVAm
via IFTTT
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Amélie Fournier Belley, Jason Bouffard, Karine Brochu, Catherine Mercier, Jean-Sébastien Roy, Laurent Bouyer
BACKGROUNDProprioception is important for proper motor control. As the central nervous system modulates how sensory information is processed during movement (sensory gating), proprioceptive tests performed at rest do not correlate well with performance during dynamic tasks such as walking. Proprioception therefore needs to be assessed during movement execution.OBJECTIVES1) to develop a test evaluating the ability to detect movement errors during walking, and its test-retest reliability; 2) to quantify the relationship between proprioceptive threshold (obtained with this new test) and performance in a standardized dynamic balance task.METHODThirty healthy subjects walked on a treadmill while wearing a robotized ankle-foot orthosis (rAFO) for 2 bouts of 6minutes on 2 evaluation sessions (test-retest reliability). Force perturbations resisting ankle dorsiflexion during swing were applied to the ankle via the rAFO (150ms duration, variable amplitude). Participants pushed a button when they detected the perturbations. The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) was used to evaluate dynamic balance.ANALYSISAngular differences between perturbed and non-perturbed gait cycles were used to quantify movement error. Detection threshold was defined as the minimal movement error at which 50% of the perturbations were perceived. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) estimated test-retest reliability, and Pearson coefficients were used to determine the correlation between detection threshold and SEBT.RESULTSDetection threshold was 5.31±2.12°. Good reliability (ICC=0.70) and a moderate to strong correlation to SEBT (r=−0.57 to −0.76) were found.CONCLUSIONForce perturbations produced by the robotized AFO provides a reliable way of evaluating proprioception during walking.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2a5TVAm
via IFTTT
Joint Contact Forces can be Reduced by Improving Joint Moment Symmetry in Below-Knee Amputee Gait Simulations
Publication date: Available online 15 July 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Anne D. Koelewijn, Antonie J. van den Bogert
Despite having a fully functional knee and hip in both legs, asymmetries in joint moments of the knee and hip are often seen in gait of persons with a unilateral transtibial amputation (TTA), possibly resulting in excessive joint loading. We hypothesize that persons with a TTA can walk with more symmetric joint moments at the cost of increased effort or abnormal kinematics. The hypothesis was tested using predictive simulations of gait. Open loop controls of one gait cycle were found by solving an optimization problem that minimizes a combination of walking effort and tracking error in joint angles, ground reaction force and gait cycle duration. A second objective was added to penalize joint moment asymmetry, creating a multi-objective optimization problem. A Pareto front was constructed by changing the weights of the objectives and three solutions were analyzed to study the effect of increasing joint moment symmetry. When the optimization placed more weight on moment symmetry, walking effort increased and kinematics became less normal, confirming the hypothesis. TTA gait improved with a moderate increase in joint moment symmetry. At a small cost of effort and abnormal kinematics, the peak hip extension moment in the intact leg was decreased significantly, and so was the joint contact force in the knee and hip. Additional symmetry required a significant increase in walking effort and the joint contact forces in both hips became significantly higher than in able-bodied gait.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2a0PYtX
via IFTTT
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Anne D. Koelewijn, Antonie J. van den Bogert
Despite having a fully functional knee and hip in both legs, asymmetries in joint moments of the knee and hip are often seen in gait of persons with a unilateral transtibial amputation (TTA), possibly resulting in excessive joint loading. We hypothesize that persons with a TTA can walk with more symmetric joint moments at the cost of increased effort or abnormal kinematics. The hypothesis was tested using predictive simulations of gait. Open loop controls of one gait cycle were found by solving an optimization problem that minimizes a combination of walking effort and tracking error in joint angles, ground reaction force and gait cycle duration. A second objective was added to penalize joint moment asymmetry, creating a multi-objective optimization problem. A Pareto front was constructed by changing the weights of the objectives and three solutions were analyzed to study the effect of increasing joint moment symmetry. When the optimization placed more weight on moment symmetry, walking effort increased and kinematics became less normal, confirming the hypothesis. TTA gait improved with a moderate increase in joint moment symmetry. At a small cost of effort and abnormal kinematics, the peak hip extension moment in the intact leg was decreased significantly, and so was the joint contact force in the knee and hip. Additional symmetry required a significant increase in walking effort and the joint contact forces in both hips became significantly higher than in able-bodied gait.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2a0PYtX
via IFTTT
Applying the COM-B behaviour model and behaviour change wheel to develop an intervention to improve hearing-aid use in adult auditory rehabilitation.
Applying the COM-B behaviour model and behaviour change wheel to develop an intervention to improve hearing-aid use in adult auditory rehabilitation.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Jul;55(sup3):S90-S98
Authors: Barker F, Atkins L, de Lusignan S
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To introduce a psychological model of behaviour; the COM-B model and describe how this has been used in combination with the behaviour change wheel (BCW) in developing an intervention which aims to promote regular, long-term use of hearing aids by adults with acquired hearing loss.
DESIGN: Qualitative structured interview study using the COM-B model to identify the determinants of behavioural planning on the part of audiologists; a potentially important factor in encouraging long-term hearing-aid use.
STUDY SAMPLE: Ten audiologists drawn from a random sample of five English audiology departments.
RESULTS: The analysis suggests that behavioural planning might be more likely to occur if audiologists' psychological capability, physical and social opportunity, and reflective and automatic motivation were addressed. This analysis forms the basis of an intervention design, using the BCW, to encourage behavioural planning by audiologists and subsequent hearing-aid use by people with hearing loss.
CONCLUSIONS: The COM-B model and BCW can be applied successfully in the context of audiology to analyse the behaviour of both people with hearing loss and professionals working with them, supplying information that is being used in intervention design. The effectiveness of the intervention will be tested in a clinical trial.
PMID: 27420547 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29XA7g2
via IFTTT
Application of the transtheoretical model of behaviour change for identifying older clients' readiness for hearing rehabilitation during history-taking in audiology appointments.
Application of the transtheoretical model of behaviour change for identifying older clients' readiness for hearing rehabilitation during history-taking in audiology appointments.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Jul;55(sup3):S42-S51
Authors: Ekberg K, Grenness C, Hickson L
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The transtheoretical model (TTM) of behaviour change focuses on clients' readiness for adopting new health behaviours. This study explores how clients' readiness for change can be identified through their interactions with audiologists during history-taking in initial appointments; and whether clients' readiness has consequences for the rehabilitation decisions they make within the initial appointment.
DESIGN: Conversation analysis (CA) was used to examine video-recorded initial audiology appointments with older adults with hearing impairment.
STUDY SAMPLE: The data corpus involved 62 recorded appointments with 26 audiologists and their older adult clients (aged 55+ years). Companions were present in 17 appointments.
RESULTS: Clients' readiness for change could be observed through their interaction with the audiologist. Analysis demonstrated that the way clients described their hearing in the history-taking phase had systematic consequences for how they responded to rehabilitation recommendations (in particular, hearing aids) in the management phase of the appointment. In particular, clients identified as being in a pre-contemplation stage-of-change were more likely to display resistance to a recommendation of hearing aids (80% declined).
CONCLUSIONS: The transtheoretical model of behaviour change can be useful for helping audiologists individualize management planning to be congruent with individual clients' needs, attitudes, desires, and psychological readiness for action in order to optimize clients' hearing outcomes.
PMID: 27420546 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29YuAZJ
via IFTTT
Application of health behaviour theory to hearing healthcare research: The state of play and beyond.
Application of health behaviour theory to hearing healthcare research: The state of play and beyond.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Jul;55(sup3):S1-S2
Authors: Ferguson MA, Coulson NS, Henshaw H, Heffernan E
PMID: 27420545 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29XAYgP
via IFTTT
Introduction.
Introduction.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Jul 15;:1
Authors:
PMID: 27416849 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29YuIrW
via IFTTT
Applying the COM-B behaviour model and behaviour change wheel to develop an intervention to improve hearing-aid use in adult auditory rehabilitation.
Applying the COM-B behaviour model and behaviour change wheel to develop an intervention to improve hearing-aid use in adult auditory rehabilitation.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Jul;55(sup3):S90-S98
Authors: Barker F, Atkins L, de Lusignan S
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To introduce a psychological model of behaviour; the COM-B model and describe how this has been used in combination with the behaviour change wheel (BCW) in developing an intervention which aims to promote regular, long-term use of hearing aids by adults with acquired hearing loss.
DESIGN: Qualitative structured interview study using the COM-B model to identify the determinants of behavioural planning on the part of audiologists; a potentially important factor in encouraging long-term hearing-aid use.
STUDY SAMPLE: Ten audiologists drawn from a random sample of five English audiology departments.
RESULTS: The analysis suggests that behavioural planning might be more likely to occur if audiologists' psychological capability, physical and social opportunity, and reflective and automatic motivation were addressed. This analysis forms the basis of an intervention design, using the BCW, to encourage behavioural planning by audiologists and subsequent hearing-aid use by people with hearing loss.
CONCLUSIONS: The COM-B model and BCW can be applied successfully in the context of audiology to analyse the behaviour of both people with hearing loss and professionals working with them, supplying information that is being used in intervention design. The effectiveness of the intervention will be tested in a clinical trial.
PMID: 27420547 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29XA7g2
via IFTTT
Application of the transtheoretical model of behaviour change for identifying older clients' readiness for hearing rehabilitation during history-taking in audiology appointments.
Application of the transtheoretical model of behaviour change for identifying older clients' readiness for hearing rehabilitation during history-taking in audiology appointments.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Jul;55(sup3):S42-S51
Authors: Ekberg K, Grenness C, Hickson L
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The transtheoretical model (TTM) of behaviour change focuses on clients' readiness for adopting new health behaviours. This study explores how clients' readiness for change can be identified through their interactions with audiologists during history-taking in initial appointments; and whether clients' readiness has consequences for the rehabilitation decisions they make within the initial appointment.
DESIGN: Conversation analysis (CA) was used to examine video-recorded initial audiology appointments with older adults with hearing impairment.
STUDY SAMPLE: The data corpus involved 62 recorded appointments with 26 audiologists and their older adult clients (aged 55+ years). Companions were present in 17 appointments.
RESULTS: Clients' readiness for change could be observed through their interaction with the audiologist. Analysis demonstrated that the way clients described their hearing in the history-taking phase had systematic consequences for how they responded to rehabilitation recommendations (in particular, hearing aids) in the management phase of the appointment. In particular, clients identified as being in a pre-contemplation stage-of-change were more likely to display resistance to a recommendation of hearing aids (80% declined).
CONCLUSIONS: The transtheoretical model of behaviour change can be useful for helping audiologists individualize management planning to be congruent with individual clients' needs, attitudes, desires, and psychological readiness for action in order to optimize clients' hearing outcomes.
PMID: 27420546 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29YuAZJ
via IFTTT
Application of health behaviour theory to hearing healthcare research: The state of play and beyond.
Application of health behaviour theory to hearing healthcare research: The state of play and beyond.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Jul;55(sup3):S1-S2
Authors: Ferguson MA, Coulson NS, Henshaw H, Heffernan E
PMID: 27420545 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29XAYgP
via IFTTT
Introduction.
Introduction.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Jul 15;:1
Authors:
PMID: 27416849 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29YuIrW
via IFTTT
Applying the COM-B behaviour model and behaviour change wheel to develop an intervention to improve hearing-aid use in adult auditory rehabilitation.
Applying the COM-B behaviour model and behaviour change wheel to develop an intervention to improve hearing-aid use in adult auditory rehabilitation.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Jul;55(sup3):S90-S98
Authors: Barker F, Atkins L, de Lusignan S
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To introduce a psychological model of behaviour; the COM-B model and describe how this has been used in combination with the behaviour change wheel (BCW) in developing an intervention which aims to promote regular, long-term use of hearing aids by adults with acquired hearing loss.
DESIGN: Qualitative structured interview study using the COM-B model to identify the determinants of behavioural planning on the part of audiologists; a potentially important factor in encouraging long-term hearing-aid use.
STUDY SAMPLE: Ten audiologists drawn from a random sample of five English audiology departments.
RESULTS: The analysis suggests that behavioural planning might be more likely to occur if audiologists' psychological capability, physical and social opportunity, and reflective and automatic motivation were addressed. This analysis forms the basis of an intervention design, using the BCW, to encourage behavioural planning by audiologists and subsequent hearing-aid use by people with hearing loss.
CONCLUSIONS: The COM-B model and BCW can be applied successfully in the context of audiology to analyse the behaviour of both people with hearing loss and professionals working with them, supplying information that is being used in intervention design. The effectiveness of the intervention will be tested in a clinical trial.
PMID: 27420547 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29XA7g2
via IFTTT
Application of the transtheoretical model of behaviour change for identifying older clients' readiness for hearing rehabilitation during history-taking in audiology appointments.
Application of the transtheoretical model of behaviour change for identifying older clients' readiness for hearing rehabilitation during history-taking in audiology appointments.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Jul;55(sup3):S42-S51
Authors: Ekberg K, Grenness C, Hickson L
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The transtheoretical model (TTM) of behaviour change focuses on clients' readiness for adopting new health behaviours. This study explores how clients' readiness for change can be identified through their interactions with audiologists during history-taking in initial appointments; and whether clients' readiness has consequences for the rehabilitation decisions they make within the initial appointment.
DESIGN: Conversation analysis (CA) was used to examine video-recorded initial audiology appointments with older adults with hearing impairment.
STUDY SAMPLE: The data corpus involved 62 recorded appointments with 26 audiologists and their older adult clients (aged 55+ years). Companions were present in 17 appointments.
RESULTS: Clients' readiness for change could be observed through their interaction with the audiologist. Analysis demonstrated that the way clients described their hearing in the history-taking phase had systematic consequences for how they responded to rehabilitation recommendations (in particular, hearing aids) in the management phase of the appointment. In particular, clients identified as being in a pre-contemplation stage-of-change were more likely to display resistance to a recommendation of hearing aids (80% declined).
CONCLUSIONS: The transtheoretical model of behaviour change can be useful for helping audiologists individualize management planning to be congruent with individual clients' needs, attitudes, desires, and psychological readiness for action in order to optimize clients' hearing outcomes.
PMID: 27420546 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29YuAZJ
via IFTTT
Application of health behaviour theory to hearing healthcare research: The state of play and beyond.
Application of health behaviour theory to hearing healthcare research: The state of play and beyond.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Jul;55(sup3):S1-S2
Authors: Ferguson MA, Coulson NS, Henshaw H, Heffernan E
PMID: 27420545 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29XAYgP
via IFTTT
Introduction.
Introduction.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Jul 15;:1
Authors:
PMID: 27416849 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29YuIrW
via IFTTT
Applying the COM-B behaviour model and behaviour change wheel to develop an intervention to improve hearing-aid use in adult auditory rehabilitation.
Applying the COM-B behaviour model and behaviour change wheel to develop an intervention to improve hearing-aid use in adult auditory rehabilitation.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Jul;55(sup3):S90-S98
Authors: Barker F, Atkins L, de Lusignan S
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To introduce a psychological model of behaviour; the COM-B model and describe how this has been used in combination with the behaviour change wheel (BCW) in developing an intervention which aims to promote regular, long-term use of hearing aids by adults with acquired hearing loss.
DESIGN: Qualitative structured interview study using the COM-B model to identify the determinants of behavioural planning on the part of audiologists; a potentially important factor in encouraging long-term hearing-aid use.
STUDY SAMPLE: Ten audiologists drawn from a random sample of five English audiology departments.
RESULTS: The analysis suggests that behavioural planning might be more likely to occur if audiologists' psychological capability, physical and social opportunity, and reflective and automatic motivation were addressed. This analysis forms the basis of an intervention design, using the BCW, to encourage behavioural planning by audiologists and subsequent hearing-aid use by people with hearing loss.
CONCLUSIONS: The COM-B model and BCW can be applied successfully in the context of audiology to analyse the behaviour of both people with hearing loss and professionals working with them, supplying information that is being used in intervention design. The effectiveness of the intervention will be tested in a clinical trial.
PMID: 27420547 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29XA7g2
via IFTTT
Application of the transtheoretical model of behaviour change for identifying older clients' readiness for hearing rehabilitation during history-taking in audiology appointments.
Application of the transtheoretical model of behaviour change for identifying older clients' readiness for hearing rehabilitation during history-taking in audiology appointments.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Jul;55(sup3):S42-S51
Authors: Ekberg K, Grenness C, Hickson L
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The transtheoretical model (TTM) of behaviour change focuses on clients' readiness for adopting new health behaviours. This study explores how clients' readiness for change can be identified through their interactions with audiologists during history-taking in initial appointments; and whether clients' readiness has consequences for the rehabilitation decisions they make within the initial appointment.
DESIGN: Conversation analysis (CA) was used to examine video-recorded initial audiology appointments with older adults with hearing impairment.
STUDY SAMPLE: The data corpus involved 62 recorded appointments with 26 audiologists and their older adult clients (aged 55+ years). Companions were present in 17 appointments.
RESULTS: Clients' readiness for change could be observed through their interaction with the audiologist. Analysis demonstrated that the way clients described their hearing in the history-taking phase had systematic consequences for how they responded to rehabilitation recommendations (in particular, hearing aids) in the management phase of the appointment. In particular, clients identified as being in a pre-contemplation stage-of-change were more likely to display resistance to a recommendation of hearing aids (80% declined).
CONCLUSIONS: The transtheoretical model of behaviour change can be useful for helping audiologists individualize management planning to be congruent with individual clients' needs, attitudes, desires, and psychological readiness for action in order to optimize clients' hearing outcomes.
PMID: 27420546 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29YuAZJ
via IFTTT
Application of health behaviour theory to hearing healthcare research: The state of play and beyond.
Application of health behaviour theory to hearing healthcare research: The state of play and beyond.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Jul;55(sup3):S1-S2
Authors: Ferguson MA, Coulson NS, Henshaw H, Heffernan E
PMID: 27420545 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29XAYgP
via IFTTT
Introduction.
Introduction.
Int J Audiol. 2016 Jul 15;:1
Authors:
PMID: 27416849 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29YuIrW
via IFTTT
Response to Letter: Whole scalp EEG power change is not a prerequisite for further EEG processing
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Deborah A. Hall, Robert H. Pierzycki, Derek J. Hoare, Adam J. McNamara
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29Kn9BB
via IFTTT
Response to Letter: Whole scalp EEG power change is not a prerequisite for further EEG processing
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Deborah A. Hall, Robert H. Pierzycki, Derek J. Hoare, Adam J. McNamara
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29Kn9BB
via IFTTT
Response to Letter: Whole scalp EEG power change is not a prerequisite for further EEG processing
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Deborah A. Hall, Robert H. Pierzycki, Derek J. Hoare, Adam J. McNamara
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/29Kn9BB
via IFTTT
Εγγραφή σε:
Αναρτήσεις (Atom)