Objective: To survey graduating residents or recent graduates of otolaryngology residency programs to evaluate their Otology/Neurotology (ON) experience in residency and discern if they had received adequate training in time to decide whether to pursue a fellowship in Otology or Neurotology. Study Design: Internet-based survey. Methods: A survey was distributed to all US otolaryngology residency programs to distribute to 5th year residents and recent graduates in last 4 years. The survey assessed satisfaction in ON experience, presence of ON fellows, adequacy of experience to decide on ON fellowship, post-graduate year (PGY) year at which residents observed, performed, and proficiently performed five procedures (tympanoplasty, mastoidectomy, ossiculoplasty, stapedectomy, and cochlear implant), and plan for performing these surgeries in practice. Results: 89/106 (84%) of respondents felt they had adequate training in Otology in time to decide whether or not to pursue a fellowship and were found to observe and perform surgeries significantly earlier in training by PGY including: mastoidectomy (observed PGY 1.9 versus PGY 2.3, performed PGY 2.9 versus PGY 3.5), ossiculoplasty (observed 2.1 versus 3.0, performed 3.6 versus 4.3), stapedectomy (observed 2.3 versus 3.0, performed 3.9 versus 4.5), and cochlear implant (observed 2.1 versus 2.8, performed 3.4 versus 4.1) all p
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2xqteO3
via IFTTT
Πέμπτη 26 Οκτωβρίου 2017
Bone-conducted Vestibular-evoked Myogenic Potentials Before and After Stapes Surgery.
Objective: To identify whether stapes surgery causes otolith dysfunction using bone-conducted vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs). Study Design: Prospective study. Setting: Hyogo College of Medicine Hospital. Patients: Twenty primary ears (19 otosclerosis, 1 congenital stapes fixation) in 17 patients (2 men, 15 women; mean age 51 yr, range 20-68 yr) who had normal cervical VEMP (cVEMP) and ocular VEMP (oVEMP) results with bone-conducted stimulation were included. Intervention: Stapes surgery. Main Outcome Measure: Both VEMP tests with bone-conducted stimulation were performed before and after stapes surgery. The normalized p13-n23 amplitude of cVEMPs and the nI-pI amplitude of oVEMPs were measured within 3 months after stapes surgery. Then, the asymmetry ratio (AR) was calculated to examine the effect of surgery on otolith function. Results: Seven patients complained of temporary dizziness postoperatively, but their symptoms disappeared within approximately a week. Deterioration of VEMPs of the operated ear was not seen in any ears. Significantly greater amplitude compared with the opposite ear was found for cVEMP in one ear and oVEMP in two ears after the surgery. Their VEMP results recovered to the normal range at 6 months postoperatively. Conclusions: These findings suggest that stapes surgery causes no or undetectably small otolith dysfunction from the perspective of VEMP evaluation. Copyright (C) 2017 by Otology & Neurotology, Inc. Image copyright (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health/Anatomical Chart Company
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2zTqeeQ
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2zTqeeQ
via IFTTT
Acoustics of Clear and Noise-Adapted Speech in Children, Young, and Older Adults
Purpose
This study investigated acoustic–phonetic modifications produced in noise-adapted speech (NAS) and clear speech (CS) by children, young adults, and older adults.
Method
Ten children (11–13 years of age), 10 young adults (18–29 years of age), and 10 older adults (60–84 years of age) read sentences in conversational and clear speaking style in quiet and in noise. A number of acoustic measurements were obtained.
Results
NAS and CS were characterized by a decrease in speaking rate and an increase in 1–3 kHz energy, sound pressure level (SPL), vowel space area (VSA), and harmonics-to-noise ratio. NAS increased fundamental frequency (F0) mean and decreased jitter and shimmer. CS increased frequency and duration of pauses. Older adults produced the slowest speaking rate, longest pauses, and smallest increase in F0 mean, 1–3 kHz energy, and SPL when speaking clearly. They produced the smallest increases in VSA in NAS and CS. Children slowed down less, increased the VSA least, increased harmonics-to-noise ratio, and decreased jitter and shimmer most in CS. Children increased mean F0 and F1 most in noise.
Conclusions
Findings have implications for a model of speech production in healthy speakers as well as the potential to aid in clinical decision making for individuals with speech disorders, particularly dysarthria.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://article/doi/10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-16-0130/2660931/Acoustics-of-Clear-and-NoiseAdapted-Speech-in
via IFTTT
Generalized Adaptation to Dysarthric Speech
Purpose
Generalization of perceptual learning has received limited attention in listener adaptation studies with dysarthric speech. This study investigated whether adaptation to a talker with dysarthria could be predicted by the nature of the listener's prior familiarization experience, specifically similarity of perceptual features, and level of intelligibility.
Method
Following an intelligibility pretest involving a talker with ataxic dysarthria, 160 listeners were familiarized with 1 of 7 talkers with dysarthria—who differed from the test talker in terms of perceptual similarity (same, similar, dissimilar) and level of intelligibility (low, mid, high)—or a talker with no neurological impairment (control). Listeners then completed an intelligibility posttest on the test talker.
Results
All listeners benefited from familiarization with a talker with dysarthria; however, adaptation to the test talker was superior when the familiarization talker had similar perceptual features and reduced when the familiarization talker had low intelligibility.
Conclusion
Evidence for both generalization and specificity of learning highlights the differential value of listeners' prior experiences for adaptation to, and improved understanding of, a talker with dysarthria. These findings broaden our theoretical knowledge of adaptation to degraded speech, as well as the clinical application of training paradigms that exploit perceptual processes for therapeutic gain.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://article/doi/10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-17-0127/2660935/Generalized-Adaptation-to-Dysarthric-Speech
via IFTTT
Intelligibility of Noise-Adapted and Clear Speech in Child, Young Adult, and Older Adult Talkers
Purpose
This study examined intelligibility of conversational and clear speech sentences produced in quiet and in noise by children, young adults, and older adults. Relative talker intelligibility was assessed across speaking styles.
Method
Sixty-one young adult participants listened to sentences mixed with speech-shaped noise at −5 dB signal-to-noise ratio. The analyses examined percent correct scores across conversational, clear, and noise-adapted conditions and the three talker groups. Correlation analyses examined whether talker intelligibility is consistent across speaking style adaptations.
Results
Noise-adapted and clear speech significantly enhanced intelligibility for young adult listeners. The intelligibility improvement varied across the three talker groups. Notably, intelligibility benefit was smallest for children's speaking style modifications. Listeners also perceived speech produced in noise by older adults to be less intelligible compared to the younger talkers. Talker intelligibility was correlated strongly between conversational and clear speech in quiet, but not for conversational speech produced in quiet and in noise.
Conclusions
Results provide evidence that intelligibility variation related to age and communicative barrier has the potential to aid clinical decision making for individuals with speech disorders, particularly dysarthria.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://article/doi/10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-16-0165/2660932/Intelligibility-of-NoiseAdapted-and-Clear-Speech
via IFTTT
Influence of Altered Auditory Feedback on Oral–Nasal Balance in Speech
Purpose
This study explored the role of auditory feedback in the regulation of oral–nasal balance in speech.
Method
Twenty typical female speakers wore a Nasometer 6450 (KayPentax) headset and headphones while continuously repeating a sentence with oral and nasal sounds. Oral–nasal balance was quantified with nasalance scores. The signals from 2 additional oral and nasal microphones were played back to the participants through the headphones. The relative loudness of the nasal channel in the mix was gradually changed so that the speakers heard themselves as more or less nasal. An additional amplitude control group of 9 female speakers completed the same task while hearing themselves louder or softer in the headphones.
Results
A repeated-measures analysis of variance of the mean nasalance scores of the stimulus sentence at baseline, minimum, and maximum nasal feedback conditions demonstrated a significant effect of the nasal feedback condition. Post hoc analyses found that the mean nasalance scores were lowest for the maximum nasal feedback condition. The scores of the minimum nasal feedback condition were significantly higher than 2 of the 3 baseline feedback conditions. The amplitude control group did not show any effects of volume changes on nasalance scores.
Conclusions
Increased nasal feedback led to a compensatory adjustment in the opposite direction, confirming that oral–nasal balance is regulated by auditory feedback. However, a lack of nasal feedback did not lead to a consistent compensatory response of similar magnitude.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://article/doi/10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-16-0390/2660934/Influence-of-Altered-Auditory-Feedback-on
via IFTTT
Verbal Working Memory in Children With Cochlear Implants
Purpose
Verbal working memory in children with cochlear implants and children with normal hearing was examined.
Participants
Ninety-three fourth graders (47 with normal hearing, 46 with cochlear implants) participated, all of whom were in a longitudinal study and had working memory assessed 2 years earlier.
Method
A dual-component model of working memory was adopted, and a serial recall task measured storage and processing. Potential predictor variables were phonological awareness, vocabulary knowledge, nonverbal IQ, and several treatment variables. Potential dependent functions were literacy, expressive language, and speech-in-noise recognition.
Results
Children with cochlear implants showed deficits in storage and processing, similar in size to those at second grade. Predictors of verbal working memory differed across groups: Phonological awareness explained the most variance in children with normal hearing; vocabulary explained the most variance in children with cochlear implants. Treatment variables explained little of the variance. Where potentially dependent functions were concerned, verbal working memory accounted for little variance once the variance explained by other predictors was removed.
Conclusions
The verbal working memory deficits of children with cochlear implants arise due to signal degradation, which limits their abilities to acquire phonological awareness. That hinders their abilities to store items using a phonological code.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://article/doi/10.1044/2017_JSLHR-H-16-0474/2660933/Verbal-Working-Memory-in-Children-With-Cochlear
via IFTTT
Acoustics of Clear and Noise-Adapted Speech in Children, Young, and Older Adults
Purpose
This study investigated acoustic–phonetic modifications produced in noise-adapted speech (NAS) and clear speech (CS) by children, young adults, and older adults.
Method
Ten children (11–13 years of age), 10 young adults (18–29 years of age), and 10 older adults (60–84 years of age) read sentences in conversational and clear speaking style in quiet and in noise. A number of acoustic measurements were obtained.
Results
NAS and CS were characterized by a decrease in speaking rate and an increase in 1–3 kHz energy, sound pressure level (SPL), vowel space area (VSA), and harmonics-to-noise ratio. NAS increased fundamental frequency (F0) mean and decreased jitter and shimmer. CS increased frequency and duration of pauses. Older adults produced the slowest speaking rate, longest pauses, and smallest increase in F0 mean, 1–3 kHz energy, and SPL when speaking clearly. They produced the smallest increases in VSA in NAS and CS. Children slowed down less, increased the VSA least, increased harmonics-to-noise ratio, and decreased jitter and shimmer most in CS. Children increased mean F0 and F1 most in noise.
Conclusions
Findings have implications for a model of speech production in healthy speakers as well as the potential to aid in clinical decision making for individuals with speech disorders, particularly dysarthria.from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://article/doi/10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-16-0130/2660931/Acoustics-of-Clear-and-NoiseAdapted-Speech-in
via IFTTT
Generalized Adaptation to Dysarthric Speech
Purpose
Generalization of perceptual learning has received limited attention in listener adaptation studies with dysarthric speech. This study investigated whether adaptation to a talker with dysarthria could be predicted by the nature of the listener's prior familiarization experience, specifically similarity of perceptual features, and level of intelligibility.
Method
Following an intelligibility pretest involving a talker with ataxic dysarthria, 160 listeners were familiarized with 1 of 7 talkers with dysarthria—who differed from the test talker in terms of perceptual similarity (same, similar, dissimilar) and level of intelligibility (low, mid, high)—or a talker with no neurological impairment (control). Listeners then completed an intelligibility posttest on the test talker.
Results
All listeners benefited from familiarization with a talker with dysarthria; however, adaptation to the test talker was superior when the familiarization talker had similar perceptual features and reduced when the familiarization talker had low intelligibility.
Conclusion
Evidence for both generalization and specificity of learning highlights the differential value of listeners' prior experiences for adaptation to, and improved understanding of, a talker with dysarthria. These findings broaden our theoretical knowledge of adaptation to degraded speech, as well as the clinical application of training paradigms that exploit perceptual processes for therapeutic gain.from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://article/doi/10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-17-0127/2660935/Generalized-Adaptation-to-Dysarthric-Speech
via IFTTT
Intelligibility of Noise-Adapted and Clear Speech in Child, Young Adult, and Older Adult Talkers
Purpose
This study examined intelligibility of conversational and clear speech sentences produced in quiet and in noise by children, young adults, and older adults. Relative talker intelligibility was assessed across speaking styles.
Method
Sixty-one young adult participants listened to sentences mixed with speech-shaped noise at −5 dB signal-to-noise ratio. The analyses examined percent correct scores across conversational, clear, and noise-adapted conditions and the three talker groups. Correlation analyses examined whether talker intelligibility is consistent across speaking style adaptations.
Results
Noise-adapted and clear speech significantly enhanced intelligibility for young adult listeners. The intelligibility improvement varied across the three talker groups. Notably, intelligibility benefit was smallest for children's speaking style modifications. Listeners also perceived speech produced in noise by older adults to be less intelligible compared to the younger talkers. Talker intelligibility was correlated strongly between conversational and clear speech in quiet, but not for conversational speech produced in quiet and in noise.
Conclusions
Results provide evidence that intelligibility variation related to age and communicative barrier has the potential to aid clinical decision making for individuals with speech disorders, particularly dysarthria.from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://article/doi/10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-16-0165/2660932/Intelligibility-of-NoiseAdapted-and-Clear-Speech
via IFTTT
Influence of Altered Auditory Feedback on Oral–Nasal Balance in Speech
Purpose
This study explored the role of auditory feedback in the regulation of oral–nasal balance in speech.
Method
Twenty typical female speakers wore a Nasometer 6450 (KayPentax) headset and headphones while continuously repeating a sentence with oral and nasal sounds. Oral–nasal balance was quantified with nasalance scores. The signals from 2 additional oral and nasal microphones were played back to the participants through the headphones. The relative loudness of the nasal channel in the mix was gradually changed so that the speakers heard themselves as more or less nasal. An additional amplitude control group of 9 female speakers completed the same task while hearing themselves louder or softer in the headphones.
Results
A repeated-measures analysis of variance of the mean nasalance scores of the stimulus sentence at baseline, minimum, and maximum nasal feedback conditions demonstrated a significant effect of the nasal feedback condition. Post hoc analyses found that the mean nasalance scores were lowest for the maximum nasal feedback condition. The scores of the minimum nasal feedback condition were significantly higher than 2 of the 3 baseline feedback conditions. The amplitude control group did not show any effects of volume changes on nasalance scores.
Conclusions
Increased nasal feedback led to a compensatory adjustment in the opposite direction, confirming that oral–nasal balance is regulated by auditory feedback. However, a lack of nasal feedback did not lead to a consistent compensatory response of similar magnitude.from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://article/doi/10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-16-0390/2660934/Influence-of-Altered-Auditory-Feedback-on
via IFTTT
Verbal Working Memory in Children With Cochlear Implants
Purpose
Verbal working memory in children with cochlear implants and children with normal hearing was examined.
Participants
Ninety-three fourth graders (47 with normal hearing, 46 with cochlear implants) participated, all of whom were in a longitudinal study and had working memory assessed 2 years earlier.
Method
A dual-component model of working memory was adopted, and a serial recall task measured storage and processing. Potential predictor variables were phonological awareness, vocabulary knowledge, nonverbal IQ, and several treatment variables. Potential dependent functions were literacy, expressive language, and speech-in-noise recognition.
Results
Children with cochlear implants showed deficits in storage and processing, similar in size to those at second grade. Predictors of verbal working memory differed across groups: Phonological awareness explained the most variance in children with normal hearing; vocabulary explained the most variance in children with cochlear implants. Treatment variables explained little of the variance. Where potentially dependent functions were concerned, verbal working memory accounted for little variance once the variance explained by other predictors was removed.
Conclusions
The verbal working memory deficits of children with cochlear implants arise due to signal degradation, which limits their abilities to acquire phonological awareness. That hinders their abilities to store items using a phonological code.from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://article/doi/10.1044/2017_JSLHR-H-16-0474/2660933/Verbal-Working-Memory-in-Children-With-Cochlear
via IFTTT
Acoustics of Clear and Noise-Adapted Speech in Children, Young, and Older Adults
Purpose
This study investigated acoustic–phonetic modifications produced in noise-adapted speech (NAS) and clear speech (CS) by children, young adults, and older adults.
Method
Ten children (11–13 years of age), 10 young adults (18–29 years of age), and 10 older adults (60–84 years of age) read sentences in conversational and clear speaking style in quiet and in noise. A number of acoustic measurements were obtained.
Results
NAS and CS were characterized by a decrease in speaking rate and an increase in 1–3 kHz energy, sound pressure level (SPL), vowel space area (VSA), and harmonics-to-noise ratio. NAS increased fundamental frequency (F0) mean and decreased jitter and shimmer. CS increased frequency and duration of pauses. Older adults produced the slowest speaking rate, longest pauses, and smallest increase in F0 mean, 1–3 kHz energy, and SPL when speaking clearly. They produced the smallest increases in VSA in NAS and CS. Children slowed down less, increased the VSA least, increased harmonics-to-noise ratio, and decreased jitter and shimmer most in CS. Children increased mean F0 and F1 most in noise.
Conclusions
Findings have implications for a model of speech production in healthy speakers as well as the potential to aid in clinical decision making for individuals with speech disorders, particularly dysarthria.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://article/doi/10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-16-0130/2660931/Acoustics-of-Clear-and-NoiseAdapted-Speech-in
via IFTTT
Generalized Adaptation to Dysarthric Speech
Purpose
Generalization of perceptual learning has received limited attention in listener adaptation studies with dysarthric speech. This study investigated whether adaptation to a talker with dysarthria could be predicted by the nature of the listener's prior familiarization experience, specifically similarity of perceptual features, and level of intelligibility.
Method
Following an intelligibility pretest involving a talker with ataxic dysarthria, 160 listeners were familiarized with 1 of 7 talkers with dysarthria—who differed from the test talker in terms of perceptual similarity (same, similar, dissimilar) and level of intelligibility (low, mid, high)—or a talker with no neurological impairment (control). Listeners then completed an intelligibility posttest on the test talker.
Results
All listeners benefited from familiarization with a talker with dysarthria; however, adaptation to the test talker was superior when the familiarization talker had similar perceptual features and reduced when the familiarization talker had low intelligibility.
Conclusion
Evidence for both generalization and specificity of learning highlights the differential value of listeners' prior experiences for adaptation to, and improved understanding of, a talker with dysarthria. These findings broaden our theoretical knowledge of adaptation to degraded speech, as well as the clinical application of training paradigms that exploit perceptual processes for therapeutic gain.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://article/doi/10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-17-0127/2660935/Generalized-Adaptation-to-Dysarthric-Speech
via IFTTT
Intelligibility of Noise-Adapted and Clear Speech in Child, Young Adult, and Older Adult Talkers
Purpose
This study examined intelligibility of conversational and clear speech sentences produced in quiet and in noise by children, young adults, and older adults. Relative talker intelligibility was assessed across speaking styles.
Method
Sixty-one young adult participants listened to sentences mixed with speech-shaped noise at −5 dB signal-to-noise ratio. The analyses examined percent correct scores across conversational, clear, and noise-adapted conditions and the three talker groups. Correlation analyses examined whether talker intelligibility is consistent across speaking style adaptations.
Results
Noise-adapted and clear speech significantly enhanced intelligibility for young adult listeners. The intelligibility improvement varied across the three talker groups. Notably, intelligibility benefit was smallest for children's speaking style modifications. Listeners also perceived speech produced in noise by older adults to be less intelligible compared to the younger talkers. Talker intelligibility was correlated strongly between conversational and clear speech in quiet, but not for conversational speech produced in quiet and in noise.
Conclusions
Results provide evidence that intelligibility variation related to age and communicative barrier has the potential to aid clinical decision making for individuals with speech disorders, particularly dysarthria.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://article/doi/10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-16-0165/2660932/Intelligibility-of-NoiseAdapted-and-Clear-Speech
via IFTTT
Influence of Altered Auditory Feedback on Oral–Nasal Balance in Speech
Purpose
This study explored the role of auditory feedback in the regulation of oral–nasal balance in speech.
Method
Twenty typical female speakers wore a Nasometer 6450 (KayPentax) headset and headphones while continuously repeating a sentence with oral and nasal sounds. Oral–nasal balance was quantified with nasalance scores. The signals from 2 additional oral and nasal microphones were played back to the participants through the headphones. The relative loudness of the nasal channel in the mix was gradually changed so that the speakers heard themselves as more or less nasal. An additional amplitude control group of 9 female speakers completed the same task while hearing themselves louder or softer in the headphones.
Results
A repeated-measures analysis of variance of the mean nasalance scores of the stimulus sentence at baseline, minimum, and maximum nasal feedback conditions demonstrated a significant effect of the nasal feedback condition. Post hoc analyses found that the mean nasalance scores were lowest for the maximum nasal feedback condition. The scores of the minimum nasal feedback condition were significantly higher than 2 of the 3 baseline feedback conditions. The amplitude control group did not show any effects of volume changes on nasalance scores.
Conclusions
Increased nasal feedback led to a compensatory adjustment in the opposite direction, confirming that oral–nasal balance is regulated by auditory feedback. However, a lack of nasal feedback did not lead to a consistent compensatory response of similar magnitude.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://article/doi/10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-16-0390/2660934/Influence-of-Altered-Auditory-Feedback-on
via IFTTT
Verbal Working Memory in Children With Cochlear Implants
Purpose
Verbal working memory in children with cochlear implants and children with normal hearing was examined.
Participants
Ninety-three fourth graders (47 with normal hearing, 46 with cochlear implants) participated, all of whom were in a longitudinal study and had working memory assessed 2 years earlier.
Method
A dual-component model of working memory was adopted, and a serial recall task measured storage and processing. Potential predictor variables were phonological awareness, vocabulary knowledge, nonverbal IQ, and several treatment variables. Potential dependent functions were literacy, expressive language, and speech-in-noise recognition.
Results
Children with cochlear implants showed deficits in storage and processing, similar in size to those at second grade. Predictors of verbal working memory differed across groups: Phonological awareness explained the most variance in children with normal hearing; vocabulary explained the most variance in children with cochlear implants. Treatment variables explained little of the variance. Where potentially dependent functions were concerned, verbal working memory accounted for little variance once the variance explained by other predictors was removed.
Conclusions
The verbal working memory deficits of children with cochlear implants arise due to signal degradation, which limits their abilities to acquire phonological awareness. That hinders their abilities to store items using a phonological code.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://article/doi/10.1044/2017_JSLHR-H-16-0474/2660933/Verbal-Working-Memory-in-Children-With-Cochlear
via IFTTT
Effects of noise exposure on young adults with normal audiograms II: Behavioral measures
Publication date: Available online 25 October 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Garreth Prendergast, Rebecca E. Millman, Hannah Guest, Kevin J. Munro, Karolina Kluk, Rebecca S. Dewey, Deborah A. Hall, Michael G. Heinz, Christopher J. Plack
An estimate of lifetime noise exposure was used as the primary predictor of performance on a range of behavioral tasks: frequency and intensity difference limens, amplitude modulation detection, interaural phase discrimination, the digit triplet speech test, the co-ordinate response speech measure, an auditory localization task, a musical consonance task and a subjective report of hearing ability. One hundred and thirty-eight participants (81 females) aged 18–36 years were tested, with a wide range of self-reported noise exposure. All had normal pure-tone audiograms up to 8 kHz. It was predicted that increased lifetime noise exposure, which we assume to be concordant with noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy, would elevate behavioral thresholds, in particular for stimuli with high levels in a high spectral region. However, the results showed little effect of noise exposure on performance. There were a number of weak relations with noise exposure across the test battery, although many of these were in the opposite direction to the predictions, and none were statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. There were also no strong correlations between electrophysiological measures of synaptopathy published previously and the behavioral measures reported here. Consistent with our previous electrophysiological results, the present results provide no evidence that noise exposure is related to significant perceptual deficits in young listeners with normal audiometric hearing. It is possible that the effects of noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy are only measurable in humans with extreme noise exposures, and that these effects always co-occur with a loss of audiometric sensitivity.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yQ5IeI
via IFTTT
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Garreth Prendergast, Rebecca E. Millman, Hannah Guest, Kevin J. Munro, Karolina Kluk, Rebecca S. Dewey, Deborah A. Hall, Michael G. Heinz, Christopher J. Plack
An estimate of lifetime noise exposure was used as the primary predictor of performance on a range of behavioral tasks: frequency and intensity difference limens, amplitude modulation detection, interaural phase discrimination, the digit triplet speech test, the co-ordinate response speech measure, an auditory localization task, a musical consonance task and a subjective report of hearing ability. One hundred and thirty-eight participants (81 females) aged 18–36 years were tested, with a wide range of self-reported noise exposure. All had normal pure-tone audiograms up to 8 kHz. It was predicted that increased lifetime noise exposure, which we assume to be concordant with noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy, would elevate behavioral thresholds, in particular for stimuli with high levels in a high spectral region. However, the results showed little effect of noise exposure on performance. There were a number of weak relations with noise exposure across the test battery, although many of these were in the opposite direction to the predictions, and none were statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. There were also no strong correlations between electrophysiological measures of synaptopathy published previously and the behavioral measures reported here. Consistent with our previous electrophysiological results, the present results provide no evidence that noise exposure is related to significant perceptual deficits in young listeners with normal audiometric hearing. It is possible that the effects of noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy are only measurable in humans with extreme noise exposures, and that these effects always co-occur with a loss of audiometric sensitivity.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yQ5IeI
via IFTTT
An overview of cochlear implant electrode array designs
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Anandhan Dhanasingh, Claude Jolly
Cochlear implant electrode arrays are designed with specific characteristics that allow for the preservation of intra-cochlear structures during the insertion process, as well as during explantation. Straight lateral wall (LW) electrode arrays and pre-curved modiolar hugging (MH) electrode arrays are the two types that are commercially available. Although there is a third type of electrode array called the mid-scala (MS), which is positioned in the middle of the scala tympani (ST), and is usually considered as an MH type of electrode. Different lengths of straight LW electrode arrays are currently available which allow for insertion across a range of different sized cochleae; however, due to manufacturing limitations, pre-curved MH electrodes are generally only available to cover the basal turn of the cochlea, while the spiral ganglion cells are distributed in the Rosenthal's canal that extends into 1.75 turns of the cochlea. Both straight LW and pre-curved MH electrodes can cause a certain degree of intra-cochlear trauma, but pre-curved MH electrodes tend to deviate into the scala vestibuli from the scala tympani more often than the straight LW electrodes, resulting in damage to the osseous spiral lamina/spiral ligament which could initiate new bone formation and eventually affect the cochlear implant users' hearing performance. Structural damage to the cochlea could also affect the vestibular function. With pre-curved MH electrodes, higher degrees of trauma are related to the fixed curling geometry of the electrode in relation to the variable coiling pattern of individual cochleae, the orientation of the electrode contacts in relation to the modiolus wall, and how effectively the stylet was handled by the surgeon during the procedure. Wire management, metal density, and the shore hardness of the silicone elastomer all contribute to the stiffness/flexibility of the electrode. It is important to acknowledge the impact of bringing the stimulating contacts closer to the modiolus wall with an MH electrode type in terms of the resultant damage to intra-cochlear structures. The presence of malformed cochleae should be identified and appropriate electrodes should be chosen for each specific cochlea, irrespective of the cochlear implant brand. In order to utilize drug therapy, the cochlea should be free from any trauma.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yVTOSC
via IFTTT
The effect of illusionary perception on mismatch negativity (MMN): An electroencephalography study
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Kentaro Ono, Daiki Yamasaki, Christian F. Altmann, Tatsuya Mima
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a unique brain response elicited by any discernible change of features in a tone sequence. Although the occurrence of MMN is dependent upon the difference of a stimulus parameter, such as frequency or intensity, recent studies have suggested that MMN occurs as a result of a comparison between an internal representation created by perception and an incoming tone. The present study aimed to investigate MMN occurs based upon the physical properties of stimuli or as a result of the perception of the scale illusion. A scale illusion occurs during presentation of ascending and descending musical scales between C4 and C5. The tones of these scales are presented to the right and left ear alternately using a dichotic listening paradigm. Although the ascending/descending sequences are alternated between ears after each tone, we perceive the illusion of progressively ascending/descending tones as being separated by ear. The experiment was designed as an oddball task using the illusionary sequence and three different types of tone sequences as control conditions. Brain response to these sequences and infrequently presented deviants was measured using electroencephalography (EEG). All of the control sequences showed MMN in response to the deviant. However, the illusionary sequence did not result in a significant MMN. These results suggest that in the case of scale illusion, the occurrence of MMN is based upon the representation of tones created by perception, but not upon the physical properties of a tone sequence.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yOAB3d
via IFTTT
Tinnitus with a normal audiogram: Role of high-frequency sensitivity and reanalysis of brainstem-response measures to avoid audiometric over-matching
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Hannah Guest, Kevin J. Munro, Christopher J. Plack
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yTaMRT
via IFTTT
Efferent modulation of pre-neural and neural distortion products
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): S.B. Smith, K. Ichiba, D.S. Velenovsky, B. Cone
Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and distortion product frequency following responses (DPFFRs) are respectively pre-neural and neural measurements associated with cochlear nonlinearity. Because cochlear nonlinearity is putatively linked to outer hair cell electromotility, DPOAEs and DPFFRs may provide complementary measurements of the human medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex, which directly modulates outer hair cell function. In this study, we first quantified MOC reflex-induced DPOAE inhibition at spectral fine structure peaks in 22 young human adults with normal hearing. The f1 and f2 tone pairs producing the largest DPOAE fine structure peak for each subject were then used to evoke DPFFRs with and without MOC reflex activation to provide a related neural measure of efferent inhibition. We observed significant positive relationships between DPOAE fine structure peak inhibition and inhibition of DPFFR components representing neural phase locking to f2 and 2f1-f2, but not f1. These findings may support previous observations that the MOC reflex inhibits DPOAE sources differentially. That these effects are maintained and represented in the auditory brainstem suggests that the MOC reflex may exert a potent influence on subsequent subcortical neural representation of sound.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yOV87W
via IFTTT
Effects of noise exposure on young adults with normal audiograms II: Behavioral measures
Publication date: Available online 25 October 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Garreth Prendergast, Rebecca E. Millman, Hannah Guest, Kevin J. Munro, Karolina Kluk, Rebecca S. Dewey, Deborah A. Hall, Michael G. Heinz, Christopher J. Plack
An estimate of lifetime noise exposure was used as the primary predictor of performance on a range of behavioral tasks: frequency and intensity difference limens, amplitude modulation detection, interaural phase discrimination, the digit triplet speech test, the co-ordinate response speech measure, an auditory localization task, a musical consonance task and a subjective report of hearing ability. One hundred and thirty-eight participants (81 females) aged 18–36 years were tested, with a wide range of self-reported noise exposure. All had normal pure-tone audiograms up to 8 kHz. It was predicted that increased lifetime noise exposure, which we assume to be concordant with noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy, would elevate behavioral thresholds, in particular for stimuli with high levels in a high spectral region. However, the results showed little effect of noise exposure on performance. There were a number of weak relations with noise exposure across the test battery, although many of these were in the opposite direction to the predictions, and none were statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. There were also no strong correlations between electrophysiological measures of synaptopathy published previously and the behavioral measures reported here. Consistent with our previous electrophysiological results, the present results provide no evidence that noise exposure is related to significant perceptual deficits in young listeners with normal audiometric hearing. It is possible that the effects of noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy are only measurable in humans with extreme noise exposures, and that these effects always co-occur with a loss of audiometric sensitivity.
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yQ5IeI
via IFTTT
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Garreth Prendergast, Rebecca E. Millman, Hannah Guest, Kevin J. Munro, Karolina Kluk, Rebecca S. Dewey, Deborah A. Hall, Michael G. Heinz, Christopher J. Plack
An estimate of lifetime noise exposure was used as the primary predictor of performance on a range of behavioral tasks: frequency and intensity difference limens, amplitude modulation detection, interaural phase discrimination, the digit triplet speech test, the co-ordinate response speech measure, an auditory localization task, a musical consonance task and a subjective report of hearing ability. One hundred and thirty-eight participants (81 females) aged 18–36 years were tested, with a wide range of self-reported noise exposure. All had normal pure-tone audiograms up to 8 kHz. It was predicted that increased lifetime noise exposure, which we assume to be concordant with noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy, would elevate behavioral thresholds, in particular for stimuli with high levels in a high spectral region. However, the results showed little effect of noise exposure on performance. There were a number of weak relations with noise exposure across the test battery, although many of these were in the opposite direction to the predictions, and none were statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. There were also no strong correlations between electrophysiological measures of synaptopathy published previously and the behavioral measures reported here. Consistent with our previous electrophysiological results, the present results provide no evidence that noise exposure is related to significant perceptual deficits in young listeners with normal audiometric hearing. It is possible that the effects of noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy are only measurable in humans with extreme noise exposures, and that these effects always co-occur with a loss of audiometric sensitivity.
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yQ5IeI
via IFTTT
An overview of cochlear implant electrode array designs
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Anandhan Dhanasingh, Claude Jolly
Cochlear implant electrode arrays are designed with specific characteristics that allow for the preservation of intra-cochlear structures during the insertion process, as well as during explantation. Straight lateral wall (LW) electrode arrays and pre-curved modiolar hugging (MH) electrode arrays are the two types that are commercially available. Although there is a third type of electrode array called the mid-scala (MS), which is positioned in the middle of the scala tympani (ST), and is usually considered as an MH type of electrode. Different lengths of straight LW electrode arrays are currently available which allow for insertion across a range of different sized cochleae; however, due to manufacturing limitations, pre-curved MH electrodes are generally only available to cover the basal turn of the cochlea, while the spiral ganglion cells are distributed in the Rosenthal's canal that extends into 1.75 turns of the cochlea. Both straight LW and pre-curved MH electrodes can cause a certain degree of intra-cochlear trauma, but pre-curved MH electrodes tend to deviate into the scala vestibuli from the scala tympani more often than the straight LW electrodes, resulting in damage to the osseous spiral lamina/spiral ligament which could initiate new bone formation and eventually affect the cochlear implant users' hearing performance. Structural damage to the cochlea could also affect the vestibular function. With pre-curved MH electrodes, higher degrees of trauma are related to the fixed curling geometry of the electrode in relation to the variable coiling pattern of individual cochleae, the orientation of the electrode contacts in relation to the modiolus wall, and how effectively the stylet was handled by the surgeon during the procedure. Wire management, metal density, and the shore hardness of the silicone elastomer all contribute to the stiffness/flexibility of the electrode. It is important to acknowledge the impact of bringing the stimulating contacts closer to the modiolus wall with an MH electrode type in terms of the resultant damage to intra-cochlear structures. The presence of malformed cochleae should be identified and appropriate electrodes should be chosen for each specific cochlea, irrespective of the cochlear implant brand. In order to utilize drug therapy, the cochlea should be free from any trauma.
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yVTOSC
via IFTTT
The effect of illusionary perception on mismatch negativity (MMN): An electroencephalography study
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Kentaro Ono, Daiki Yamasaki, Christian F. Altmann, Tatsuya Mima
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a unique brain response elicited by any discernible change of features in a tone sequence. Although the occurrence of MMN is dependent upon the difference of a stimulus parameter, such as frequency or intensity, recent studies have suggested that MMN occurs as a result of a comparison between an internal representation created by perception and an incoming tone. The present study aimed to investigate MMN occurs based upon the physical properties of stimuli or as a result of the perception of the scale illusion. A scale illusion occurs during presentation of ascending and descending musical scales between C4 and C5. The tones of these scales are presented to the right and left ear alternately using a dichotic listening paradigm. Although the ascending/descending sequences are alternated between ears after each tone, we perceive the illusion of progressively ascending/descending tones as being separated by ear. The experiment was designed as an oddball task using the illusionary sequence and three different types of tone sequences as control conditions. Brain response to these sequences and infrequently presented deviants was measured using electroencephalography (EEG). All of the control sequences showed MMN in response to the deviant. However, the illusionary sequence did not result in a significant MMN. These results suggest that in the case of scale illusion, the occurrence of MMN is based upon the representation of tones created by perception, but not upon the physical properties of a tone sequence.
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yOAB3d
via IFTTT
Tinnitus with a normal audiogram: Role of high-frequency sensitivity and reanalysis of brainstem-response measures to avoid audiometric over-matching
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Hannah Guest, Kevin J. Munro, Christopher J. Plack
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yTaMRT
via IFTTT
Efferent modulation of pre-neural and neural distortion products
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): S.B. Smith, K. Ichiba, D.S. Velenovsky, B. Cone
Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and distortion product frequency following responses (DPFFRs) are respectively pre-neural and neural measurements associated with cochlear nonlinearity. Because cochlear nonlinearity is putatively linked to outer hair cell electromotility, DPOAEs and DPFFRs may provide complementary measurements of the human medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex, which directly modulates outer hair cell function. In this study, we first quantified MOC reflex-induced DPOAE inhibition at spectral fine structure peaks in 22 young human adults with normal hearing. The f1 and f2 tone pairs producing the largest DPOAE fine structure peak for each subject were then used to evoke DPFFRs with and without MOC reflex activation to provide a related neural measure of efferent inhibition. We observed significant positive relationships between DPOAE fine structure peak inhibition and inhibition of DPFFR components representing neural phase locking to f2 and 2f1-f2, but not f1. These findings may support previous observations that the MOC reflex inhibits DPOAE sources differentially. That these effects are maintained and represented in the auditory brainstem suggests that the MOC reflex may exert a potent influence on subsequent subcortical neural representation of sound.
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yOV87W
via IFTTT
Effects of noise exposure on young adults with normal audiograms II: Behavioral measures
Publication date: Available online 25 October 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Garreth Prendergast, Rebecca E. Millman, Hannah Guest, Kevin J. Munro, Karolina Kluk, Rebecca S. Dewey, Deborah A. Hall, Michael G. Heinz, Christopher J. Plack
An estimate of lifetime noise exposure was used as the primary predictor of performance on a range of behavioral tasks: frequency and intensity difference limens, amplitude modulation detection, interaural phase discrimination, the digit triplet speech test, the co-ordinate response speech measure, an auditory localization task, a musical consonance task and a subjective report of hearing ability. One hundred and thirty-eight participants (81 females) aged 18–36 years were tested, with a wide range of self-reported noise exposure. All had normal pure-tone audiograms up to 8 kHz. It was predicted that increased lifetime noise exposure, which we assume to be concordant with noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy, would elevate behavioral thresholds, in particular for stimuli with high levels in a high spectral region. However, the results showed little effect of noise exposure on performance. There were a number of weak relations with noise exposure across the test battery, although many of these were in the opposite direction to the predictions, and none were statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. There were also no strong correlations between electrophysiological measures of synaptopathy published previously and the behavioral measures reported here. Consistent with our previous electrophysiological results, the present results provide no evidence that noise exposure is related to significant perceptual deficits in young listeners with normal audiometric hearing. It is possible that the effects of noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy are only measurable in humans with extreme noise exposures, and that these effects always co-occur with a loss of audiometric sensitivity.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yQ5IeI
via IFTTT
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Garreth Prendergast, Rebecca E. Millman, Hannah Guest, Kevin J. Munro, Karolina Kluk, Rebecca S. Dewey, Deborah A. Hall, Michael G. Heinz, Christopher J. Plack
An estimate of lifetime noise exposure was used as the primary predictor of performance on a range of behavioral tasks: frequency and intensity difference limens, amplitude modulation detection, interaural phase discrimination, the digit triplet speech test, the co-ordinate response speech measure, an auditory localization task, a musical consonance task and a subjective report of hearing ability. One hundred and thirty-eight participants (81 females) aged 18–36 years were tested, with a wide range of self-reported noise exposure. All had normal pure-tone audiograms up to 8 kHz. It was predicted that increased lifetime noise exposure, which we assume to be concordant with noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy, would elevate behavioral thresholds, in particular for stimuli with high levels in a high spectral region. However, the results showed little effect of noise exposure on performance. There were a number of weak relations with noise exposure across the test battery, although many of these were in the opposite direction to the predictions, and none were statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. There were also no strong correlations between electrophysiological measures of synaptopathy published previously and the behavioral measures reported here. Consistent with our previous electrophysiological results, the present results provide no evidence that noise exposure is related to significant perceptual deficits in young listeners with normal audiometric hearing. It is possible that the effects of noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy are only measurable in humans with extreme noise exposures, and that these effects always co-occur with a loss of audiometric sensitivity.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yQ5IeI
via IFTTT
An overview of cochlear implant electrode array designs
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Anandhan Dhanasingh, Claude Jolly
Cochlear implant electrode arrays are designed with specific characteristics that allow for the preservation of intra-cochlear structures during the insertion process, as well as during explantation. Straight lateral wall (LW) electrode arrays and pre-curved modiolar hugging (MH) electrode arrays are the two types that are commercially available. Although there is a third type of electrode array called the mid-scala (MS), which is positioned in the middle of the scala tympani (ST), and is usually considered as an MH type of electrode. Different lengths of straight LW electrode arrays are currently available which allow for insertion across a range of different sized cochleae; however, due to manufacturing limitations, pre-curved MH electrodes are generally only available to cover the basal turn of the cochlea, while the spiral ganglion cells are distributed in the Rosenthal's canal that extends into 1.75 turns of the cochlea. Both straight LW and pre-curved MH electrodes can cause a certain degree of intra-cochlear trauma, but pre-curved MH electrodes tend to deviate into the scala vestibuli from the scala tympani more often than the straight LW electrodes, resulting in damage to the osseous spiral lamina/spiral ligament which could initiate new bone formation and eventually affect the cochlear implant users' hearing performance. Structural damage to the cochlea could also affect the vestibular function. With pre-curved MH electrodes, higher degrees of trauma are related to the fixed curling geometry of the electrode in relation to the variable coiling pattern of individual cochleae, the orientation of the electrode contacts in relation to the modiolus wall, and how effectively the stylet was handled by the surgeon during the procedure. Wire management, metal density, and the shore hardness of the silicone elastomer all contribute to the stiffness/flexibility of the electrode. It is important to acknowledge the impact of bringing the stimulating contacts closer to the modiolus wall with an MH electrode type in terms of the resultant damage to intra-cochlear structures. The presence of malformed cochleae should be identified and appropriate electrodes should be chosen for each specific cochlea, irrespective of the cochlear implant brand. In order to utilize drug therapy, the cochlea should be free from any trauma.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yVTOSC
via IFTTT
The effect of illusionary perception on mismatch negativity (MMN): An electroencephalography study
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Kentaro Ono, Daiki Yamasaki, Christian F. Altmann, Tatsuya Mima
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a unique brain response elicited by any discernible change of features in a tone sequence. Although the occurrence of MMN is dependent upon the difference of a stimulus parameter, such as frequency or intensity, recent studies have suggested that MMN occurs as a result of a comparison between an internal representation created by perception and an incoming tone. The present study aimed to investigate MMN occurs based upon the physical properties of stimuli or as a result of the perception of the scale illusion. A scale illusion occurs during presentation of ascending and descending musical scales between C4 and C5. The tones of these scales are presented to the right and left ear alternately using a dichotic listening paradigm. Although the ascending/descending sequences are alternated between ears after each tone, we perceive the illusion of progressively ascending/descending tones as being separated by ear. The experiment was designed as an oddball task using the illusionary sequence and three different types of tone sequences as control conditions. Brain response to these sequences and infrequently presented deviants was measured using electroencephalography (EEG). All of the control sequences showed MMN in response to the deviant. However, the illusionary sequence did not result in a significant MMN. These results suggest that in the case of scale illusion, the occurrence of MMN is based upon the representation of tones created by perception, but not upon the physical properties of a tone sequence.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yOAB3d
via IFTTT
Tinnitus with a normal audiogram: Role of high-frequency sensitivity and reanalysis of brainstem-response measures to avoid audiometric over-matching
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Hannah Guest, Kevin J. Munro, Christopher J. Plack
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yTaMRT
via IFTTT
Efferent modulation of pre-neural and neural distortion products
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): S.B. Smith, K. Ichiba, D.S. Velenovsky, B. Cone
Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and distortion product frequency following responses (DPFFRs) are respectively pre-neural and neural measurements associated with cochlear nonlinearity. Because cochlear nonlinearity is putatively linked to outer hair cell electromotility, DPOAEs and DPFFRs may provide complementary measurements of the human medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex, which directly modulates outer hair cell function. In this study, we first quantified MOC reflex-induced DPOAE inhibition at spectral fine structure peaks in 22 young human adults with normal hearing. The f1 and f2 tone pairs producing the largest DPOAE fine structure peak for each subject were then used to evoke DPFFRs with and without MOC reflex activation to provide a related neural measure of efferent inhibition. We observed significant positive relationships between DPOAE fine structure peak inhibition and inhibition of DPFFR components representing neural phase locking to f2 and 2f1-f2, but not f1. These findings may support previous observations that the MOC reflex inhibits DPOAE sources differentially. That these effects are maintained and represented in the auditory brainstem suggests that the MOC reflex may exert a potent influence on subsequent subcortical neural representation of sound.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yOV87W
via IFTTT
Effects of noise exposure on young adults with normal audiograms II: Behavioral measures
Publication date: Available online 25 October 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Garreth Prendergast, Rebecca E. Millman, Hannah Guest, Kevin J. Munro, Karolina Kluk, Rebecca S. Dewey, Deborah A. Hall, Michael G. Heinz, Christopher J. Plack
An estimate of lifetime noise exposure was used as the primary predictor of performance on a range of behavioral tasks: frequency and intensity difference limens, amplitude modulation detection, interaural phase discrimination, the digit triplet speech test, the co-ordinate response speech measure, an auditory localization task, a musical consonance task and a subjective report of hearing ability. One hundred and thirty-eight participants (81 females) aged 18–36 years were tested, with a wide range of self-reported noise exposure. All had normal pure-tone audiograms up to 8 kHz. It was predicted that increased lifetime noise exposure, which we assume to be concordant with noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy, would elevate behavioral thresholds, in particular for stimuli with high levels in a high spectral region. However, the results showed little effect of noise exposure on performance. There were a number of weak relations with noise exposure across the test battery, although many of these were in the opposite direction to the predictions, and none were statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. There were also no strong correlations between electrophysiological measures of synaptopathy published previously and the behavioral measures reported here. Consistent with our previous electrophysiological results, the present results provide no evidence that noise exposure is related to significant perceptual deficits in young listeners with normal audiometric hearing. It is possible that the effects of noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy are only measurable in humans with extreme noise exposures, and that these effects always co-occur with a loss of audiometric sensitivity.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yQ5IeI
via IFTTT
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Garreth Prendergast, Rebecca E. Millman, Hannah Guest, Kevin J. Munro, Karolina Kluk, Rebecca S. Dewey, Deborah A. Hall, Michael G. Heinz, Christopher J. Plack
An estimate of lifetime noise exposure was used as the primary predictor of performance on a range of behavioral tasks: frequency and intensity difference limens, amplitude modulation detection, interaural phase discrimination, the digit triplet speech test, the co-ordinate response speech measure, an auditory localization task, a musical consonance task and a subjective report of hearing ability. One hundred and thirty-eight participants (81 females) aged 18–36 years were tested, with a wide range of self-reported noise exposure. All had normal pure-tone audiograms up to 8 kHz. It was predicted that increased lifetime noise exposure, which we assume to be concordant with noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy, would elevate behavioral thresholds, in particular for stimuli with high levels in a high spectral region. However, the results showed little effect of noise exposure on performance. There were a number of weak relations with noise exposure across the test battery, although many of these were in the opposite direction to the predictions, and none were statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. There were also no strong correlations between electrophysiological measures of synaptopathy published previously and the behavioral measures reported here. Consistent with our previous electrophysiological results, the present results provide no evidence that noise exposure is related to significant perceptual deficits in young listeners with normal audiometric hearing. It is possible that the effects of noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy are only measurable in humans with extreme noise exposures, and that these effects always co-occur with a loss of audiometric sensitivity.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yQ5IeI
via IFTTT
An overview of cochlear implant electrode array designs
Publication date: Available online 18 October 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Anandhan Dhanasingh, Claude Jolly
Cochlear implant electrode arrays are designed with specific characteristics that allow for the preservation of intra-cochlear structures during the insertion process, as well as during explantation. Straight lateral wall (LW) electrode arrays and pre-curved modiolar hugging (MH) electrode arrays are the two types that are commercially available. Although there is a third type of electrode array called the mid-scala (MS), which is positioned in the middle of the scala tympani (ST), and is usually considered as an MH type of electrode. Different lengths of straight LW electrode arrays are currently available which allow for insertion across a range of different sized cochleae; however, due to manufacturing limitations, pre-curved MH electrodes are generally only available to cover the basal turn of the cochlea, while the spiral ganglion cells are distributed in the Rosenthal's canal that extends into 1.75 turns of the cochlea. Both straight LW and pre-curved MH electrodes can cause a certain degree of intra-cochlear trauma, but pre-curved MH electrodes tend to deviate into the scala vestibuli from the scala tympani more often than the straight LW electrodes, resulting in damage to the osseous spiral lamina/spiral ligament which could initiate new bone formation and eventually affect the cochlear implant users' hearing performance. Structural damage to the cochlea could also affect the vestibular function. With pre-curved MH electrodes, higher degrees of trauma are related to the fixed curling geometry of the electrode in relation to the variable coiling pattern of individual cochleae, the orientation of the electrode contacts in relation to the modiolus wall, and how effectively the stylet was handled by the surgeon during the procedure. Wire management, metal density, and the shore hardness of the silicone elastomer all contribute to the stiffness/flexibility of the electrode. It is important to acknowledge the impact of bringing the stimulating contacts closer to the modiolus wall with an MH electrode type in terms of the resultant damage to intra-cochlear structures. The presence of malformed cochleae should be identified and appropriate electrodes should be chosen for each specific cochlea, irrespective of the cochlear implant brand. In order to utilize drug therapy, the cochlea should be free from any trauma.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yVTOSC
via IFTTT
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Anandhan Dhanasingh, Claude Jolly
Cochlear implant electrode arrays are designed with specific characteristics that allow for the preservation of intra-cochlear structures during the insertion process, as well as during explantation. Straight lateral wall (LW) electrode arrays and pre-curved modiolar hugging (MH) electrode arrays are the two types that are commercially available. Although there is a third type of electrode array called the mid-scala (MS), which is positioned in the middle of the scala tympani (ST), and is usually considered as an MH type of electrode. Different lengths of straight LW electrode arrays are currently available which allow for insertion across a range of different sized cochleae; however, due to manufacturing limitations, pre-curved MH electrodes are generally only available to cover the basal turn of the cochlea, while the spiral ganglion cells are distributed in the Rosenthal's canal that extends into 1.75 turns of the cochlea. Both straight LW and pre-curved MH electrodes can cause a certain degree of intra-cochlear trauma, but pre-curved MH electrodes tend to deviate into the scala vestibuli from the scala tympani more often than the straight LW electrodes, resulting in damage to the osseous spiral lamina/spiral ligament which could initiate new bone formation and eventually affect the cochlear implant users' hearing performance. Structural damage to the cochlea could also affect the vestibular function. With pre-curved MH electrodes, higher degrees of trauma are related to the fixed curling geometry of the electrode in relation to the variable coiling pattern of individual cochleae, the orientation of the electrode contacts in relation to the modiolus wall, and how effectively the stylet was handled by the surgeon during the procedure. Wire management, metal density, and the shore hardness of the silicone elastomer all contribute to the stiffness/flexibility of the electrode. It is important to acknowledge the impact of bringing the stimulating contacts closer to the modiolus wall with an MH electrode type in terms of the resultant damage to intra-cochlear structures. The presence of malformed cochleae should be identified and appropriate electrodes should be chosen for each specific cochlea, irrespective of the cochlear implant brand. In order to utilize drug therapy, the cochlea should be free from any trauma.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yVTOSC
via IFTTT
The effect of illusionary perception on mismatch negativity (MMN): An electroencephalography study
Publication date: Available online 17 October 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Kentaro Ono, Daiki Yamasaki, Christian F. Altmann, Tatsuya Mima
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a unique brain response elicited by any discernible change of features in a tone sequence. Although the occurrence of MMN is dependent upon the difference of a stimulus parameter, such as frequency or intensity, recent studies have suggested that MMN occurs as a result of a comparison between an internal representation created by perception and an incoming tone. The present study aimed to investigate MMN occurs based upon the physical properties of stimuli or as a result of the perception of the scale illusion. A scale illusion occurs during presentation of ascending and descending musical scales between C4 and C5. The tones of these scales are presented to the right and left ear alternately using a dichotic listening paradigm. Although the ascending/descending sequences are alternated between ears after each tone, we perceive the illusion of progressively ascending/descending tones as being separated by ear. The experiment was designed as an oddball task using the illusionary sequence and three different types of tone sequences as control conditions. Brain response to these sequences and infrequently presented deviants was measured using electroencephalography (EEG). All of the control sequences showed MMN in response to the deviant. However, the illusionary sequence did not result in a significant MMN. These results suggest that in the case of scale illusion, the occurrence of MMN is based upon the representation of tones created by perception, but not upon the physical properties of a tone sequence.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yOAB3d
via IFTTT
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Kentaro Ono, Daiki Yamasaki, Christian F. Altmann, Tatsuya Mima
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a unique brain response elicited by any discernible change of features in a tone sequence. Although the occurrence of MMN is dependent upon the difference of a stimulus parameter, such as frequency or intensity, recent studies have suggested that MMN occurs as a result of a comparison between an internal representation created by perception and an incoming tone. The present study aimed to investigate MMN occurs based upon the physical properties of stimuli or as a result of the perception of the scale illusion. A scale illusion occurs during presentation of ascending and descending musical scales between C4 and C5. The tones of these scales are presented to the right and left ear alternately using a dichotic listening paradigm. Although the ascending/descending sequences are alternated between ears after each tone, we perceive the illusion of progressively ascending/descending tones as being separated by ear. The experiment was designed as an oddball task using the illusionary sequence and three different types of tone sequences as control conditions. Brain response to these sequences and infrequently presented deviants was measured using electroencephalography (EEG). All of the control sequences showed MMN in response to the deviant. However, the illusionary sequence did not result in a significant MMN. These results suggest that in the case of scale illusion, the occurrence of MMN is based upon the representation of tones created by perception, but not upon the physical properties of a tone sequence.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yOAB3d
via IFTTT
Tinnitus with a normal audiogram: Role of high-frequency sensitivity and reanalysis of brainstem-response measures to avoid audiometric over-matching
Publication date: Available online 14 October 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Hannah Guest, Kevin J. Munro, Christopher J. Plack
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yTaMRT
via IFTTT
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Hannah Guest, Kevin J. Munro, Christopher J. Plack
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yTaMRT
via IFTTT
Efferent modulation of pre-neural and neural distortion products
Publication date: Available online 26 October 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): S.B. Smith, K. Ichiba, D.S. Velenovsky, B. Cone
Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and distortion product frequency following responses (DPFFRs) are respectively pre-neural and neural measurements associated with cochlear nonlinearity. Because cochlear nonlinearity is putatively linked to outer hair cell electromotility, DPOAEs and DPFFRs may provide complementary measurements of the human medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex, which directly modulates outer hair cell function. In this study, we first quantified MOC reflex-induced DPOAE inhibition at spectral fine structure peaks in 22 young human adults with normal hearing. The f1 and f2 tone pairs producing the largest DPOAE fine structure peak for each subject were then used to evoke DPFFRs with and without MOC reflex activation to provide a related neural measure of efferent inhibition. We observed significant positive relationships between DPOAE fine structure peak inhibition and inhibition of DPFFR components representing neural phase locking to f2 and 2f1-f2, but not f1. These findings may support previous observations that the MOC reflex inhibits DPOAE sources differentially. That these effects are maintained and represented in the auditory brainstem suggests that the MOC reflex may exert a potent influence on subsequent subcortical neural representation of sound.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yOV87W
via IFTTT
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): S.B. Smith, K. Ichiba, D.S. Velenovsky, B. Cone
Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and distortion product frequency following responses (DPFFRs) are respectively pre-neural and neural measurements associated with cochlear nonlinearity. Because cochlear nonlinearity is putatively linked to outer hair cell electromotility, DPOAEs and DPFFRs may provide complementary measurements of the human medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex, which directly modulates outer hair cell function. In this study, we first quantified MOC reflex-induced DPOAE inhibition at spectral fine structure peaks in 22 young human adults with normal hearing. The f1 and f2 tone pairs producing the largest DPOAE fine structure peak for each subject were then used to evoke DPFFRs with and without MOC reflex activation to provide a related neural measure of efferent inhibition. We observed significant positive relationships between DPOAE fine structure peak inhibition and inhibition of DPFFR components representing neural phase locking to f2 and 2f1-f2, but not f1. These findings may support previous observations that the MOC reflex inhibits DPOAE sources differentially. That these effects are maintained and represented in the auditory brainstem suggests that the MOC reflex may exert a potent influence on subsequent subcortical neural representation of sound.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yOV87W
via IFTTT
Effects of noise exposure on young adults with normal audiograms II: Behavioral measures
Publication date: Available online 25 October 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Garreth Prendergast, Rebecca E. Millman, Hannah Guest, Kevin J. Munro, Karolina Kluk, Rebecca S. Dewey, Deborah A. Hall, Michael G. Heinz, Christopher J. Plack
An estimate of lifetime noise exposure was used as the primary predictor of performance on a range of behavioral tasks: frequency and intensity difference limens, amplitude modulation detection, interaural phase discrimination, the digit triplet speech test, the co-ordinate response speech measure, an auditory localization task, a musical consonance task and a subjective report of hearing ability. One hundred and thirty-eight participants (81 females) aged 18–36 years were tested, with a wide range of self-reported noise exposure. All had normal pure-tone audiograms up to 8 kHz. It was predicted that increased lifetime noise exposure, which we assume to be concordant with noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy, would elevate behavioral thresholds, in particular for stimuli with high levels in a high spectral region. However, the results showed little effect of noise exposure on performance. There were a number of weak relations with noise exposure across the test battery, although many of these were in the opposite direction to the predictions, and none were statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. There were also no strong correlations between electrophysiological measures of synaptopathy published previously and the behavioral measures reported here. Consistent with our previous electrophysiological results, the present results provide no evidence that noise exposure is related to significant perceptual deficits in young listeners with normal audiometric hearing. It is possible that the effects of noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy are only measurable in humans with extreme noise exposures, and that these effects always co-occur with a loss of audiometric sensitivity.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yQ5IeI
via IFTTT
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Garreth Prendergast, Rebecca E. Millman, Hannah Guest, Kevin J. Munro, Karolina Kluk, Rebecca S. Dewey, Deborah A. Hall, Michael G. Heinz, Christopher J. Plack
An estimate of lifetime noise exposure was used as the primary predictor of performance on a range of behavioral tasks: frequency and intensity difference limens, amplitude modulation detection, interaural phase discrimination, the digit triplet speech test, the co-ordinate response speech measure, an auditory localization task, a musical consonance task and a subjective report of hearing ability. One hundred and thirty-eight participants (81 females) aged 18–36 years were tested, with a wide range of self-reported noise exposure. All had normal pure-tone audiograms up to 8 kHz. It was predicted that increased lifetime noise exposure, which we assume to be concordant with noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy, would elevate behavioral thresholds, in particular for stimuli with high levels in a high spectral region. However, the results showed little effect of noise exposure on performance. There were a number of weak relations with noise exposure across the test battery, although many of these were in the opposite direction to the predictions, and none were statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. There were also no strong correlations between electrophysiological measures of synaptopathy published previously and the behavioral measures reported here. Consistent with our previous electrophysiological results, the present results provide no evidence that noise exposure is related to significant perceptual deficits in young listeners with normal audiometric hearing. It is possible that the effects of noise-induced cochlear synaptopathy are only measurable in humans with extreme noise exposures, and that these effects always co-occur with a loss of audiometric sensitivity.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yQ5IeI
via IFTTT
An overview of cochlear implant electrode array designs
Publication date: Available online 18 October 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Anandhan Dhanasingh, Claude Jolly
Cochlear implant electrode arrays are designed with specific characteristics that allow for the preservation of intra-cochlear structures during the insertion process, as well as during explantation. Straight lateral wall (LW) electrode arrays and pre-curved modiolar hugging (MH) electrode arrays are the two types that are commercially available. Although there is a third type of electrode array called the mid-scala (MS), which is positioned in the middle of the scala tympani (ST), and is usually considered as an MH type of electrode. Different lengths of straight LW electrode arrays are currently available which allow for insertion across a range of different sized cochleae; however, due to manufacturing limitations, pre-curved MH electrodes are generally only available to cover the basal turn of the cochlea, while the spiral ganglion cells are distributed in the Rosenthal's canal that extends into 1.75 turns of the cochlea. Both straight LW and pre-curved MH electrodes can cause a certain degree of intra-cochlear trauma, but pre-curved MH electrodes tend to deviate into the scala vestibuli from the scala tympani more often than the straight LW electrodes, resulting in damage to the osseous spiral lamina/spiral ligament which could initiate new bone formation and eventually affect the cochlear implant users' hearing performance. Structural damage to the cochlea could also affect the vestibular function. With pre-curved MH electrodes, higher degrees of trauma are related to the fixed curling geometry of the electrode in relation to the variable coiling pattern of individual cochleae, the orientation of the electrode contacts in relation to the modiolus wall, and how effectively the stylet was handled by the surgeon during the procedure. Wire management, metal density, and the shore hardness of the silicone elastomer all contribute to the stiffness/flexibility of the electrode. It is important to acknowledge the impact of bringing the stimulating contacts closer to the modiolus wall with an MH electrode type in terms of the resultant damage to intra-cochlear structures. The presence of malformed cochleae should be identified and appropriate electrodes should be chosen for each specific cochlea, irrespective of the cochlear implant brand. In order to utilize drug therapy, the cochlea should be free from any trauma.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yVTOSC
via IFTTT
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Anandhan Dhanasingh, Claude Jolly
Cochlear implant electrode arrays are designed with specific characteristics that allow for the preservation of intra-cochlear structures during the insertion process, as well as during explantation. Straight lateral wall (LW) electrode arrays and pre-curved modiolar hugging (MH) electrode arrays are the two types that are commercially available. Although there is a third type of electrode array called the mid-scala (MS), which is positioned in the middle of the scala tympani (ST), and is usually considered as an MH type of electrode. Different lengths of straight LW electrode arrays are currently available which allow for insertion across a range of different sized cochleae; however, due to manufacturing limitations, pre-curved MH electrodes are generally only available to cover the basal turn of the cochlea, while the spiral ganglion cells are distributed in the Rosenthal's canal that extends into 1.75 turns of the cochlea. Both straight LW and pre-curved MH electrodes can cause a certain degree of intra-cochlear trauma, but pre-curved MH electrodes tend to deviate into the scala vestibuli from the scala tympani more often than the straight LW electrodes, resulting in damage to the osseous spiral lamina/spiral ligament which could initiate new bone formation and eventually affect the cochlear implant users' hearing performance. Structural damage to the cochlea could also affect the vestibular function. With pre-curved MH electrodes, higher degrees of trauma are related to the fixed curling geometry of the electrode in relation to the variable coiling pattern of individual cochleae, the orientation of the electrode contacts in relation to the modiolus wall, and how effectively the stylet was handled by the surgeon during the procedure. Wire management, metal density, and the shore hardness of the silicone elastomer all contribute to the stiffness/flexibility of the electrode. It is important to acknowledge the impact of bringing the stimulating contacts closer to the modiolus wall with an MH electrode type in terms of the resultant damage to intra-cochlear structures. The presence of malformed cochleae should be identified and appropriate electrodes should be chosen for each specific cochlea, irrespective of the cochlear implant brand. In order to utilize drug therapy, the cochlea should be free from any trauma.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yVTOSC
via IFTTT
The effect of illusionary perception on mismatch negativity (MMN): An electroencephalography study
Publication date: Available online 17 October 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Kentaro Ono, Daiki Yamasaki, Christian F. Altmann, Tatsuya Mima
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a unique brain response elicited by any discernible change of features in a tone sequence. Although the occurrence of MMN is dependent upon the difference of a stimulus parameter, such as frequency or intensity, recent studies have suggested that MMN occurs as a result of a comparison between an internal representation created by perception and an incoming tone. The present study aimed to investigate MMN occurs based upon the physical properties of stimuli or as a result of the perception of the scale illusion. A scale illusion occurs during presentation of ascending and descending musical scales between C4 and C5. The tones of these scales are presented to the right and left ear alternately using a dichotic listening paradigm. Although the ascending/descending sequences are alternated between ears after each tone, we perceive the illusion of progressively ascending/descending tones as being separated by ear. The experiment was designed as an oddball task using the illusionary sequence and three different types of tone sequences as control conditions. Brain response to these sequences and infrequently presented deviants was measured using electroencephalography (EEG). All of the control sequences showed MMN in response to the deviant. However, the illusionary sequence did not result in a significant MMN. These results suggest that in the case of scale illusion, the occurrence of MMN is based upon the representation of tones created by perception, but not upon the physical properties of a tone sequence.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yOAB3d
via IFTTT
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Kentaro Ono, Daiki Yamasaki, Christian F. Altmann, Tatsuya Mima
Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a unique brain response elicited by any discernible change of features in a tone sequence. Although the occurrence of MMN is dependent upon the difference of a stimulus parameter, such as frequency or intensity, recent studies have suggested that MMN occurs as a result of a comparison between an internal representation created by perception and an incoming tone. The present study aimed to investigate MMN occurs based upon the physical properties of stimuli or as a result of the perception of the scale illusion. A scale illusion occurs during presentation of ascending and descending musical scales between C4 and C5. The tones of these scales are presented to the right and left ear alternately using a dichotic listening paradigm. Although the ascending/descending sequences are alternated between ears after each tone, we perceive the illusion of progressively ascending/descending tones as being separated by ear. The experiment was designed as an oddball task using the illusionary sequence and three different types of tone sequences as control conditions. Brain response to these sequences and infrequently presented deviants was measured using electroencephalography (EEG). All of the control sequences showed MMN in response to the deviant. However, the illusionary sequence did not result in a significant MMN. These results suggest that in the case of scale illusion, the occurrence of MMN is based upon the representation of tones created by perception, but not upon the physical properties of a tone sequence.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yOAB3d
via IFTTT
Tinnitus with a normal audiogram: Role of high-frequency sensitivity and reanalysis of brainstem-response measures to avoid audiometric over-matching
Publication date: Available online 14 October 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Hannah Guest, Kevin J. Munro, Christopher J. Plack
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yTaMRT
via IFTTT
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Hannah Guest, Kevin J. Munro, Christopher J. Plack
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yTaMRT
via IFTTT
Efferent modulation of pre-neural and neural distortion products
Publication date: Available online 26 October 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): S.B. Smith, K. Ichiba, D.S. Velenovsky, B. Cone
Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and distortion product frequency following responses (DPFFRs) are respectively pre-neural and neural measurements associated with cochlear nonlinearity. Because cochlear nonlinearity is putatively linked to outer hair cell electromotility, DPOAEs and DPFFRs may provide complementary measurements of the human medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex, which directly modulates outer hair cell function. In this study, we first quantified MOC reflex-induced DPOAE inhibition at spectral fine structure peaks in 22 young human adults with normal hearing. The f1 and f2 tone pairs producing the largest DPOAE fine structure peak for each subject were then used to evoke DPFFRs with and without MOC reflex activation to provide a related neural measure of efferent inhibition. We observed significant positive relationships between DPOAE fine structure peak inhibition and inhibition of DPFFR components representing neural phase locking to f2 and 2f1-f2, but not f1. These findings may support previous observations that the MOC reflex inhibits DPOAE sources differentially. That these effects are maintained and represented in the auditory brainstem suggests that the MOC reflex may exert a potent influence on subsequent subcortical neural representation of sound.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yOV87W
via IFTTT
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): S.B. Smith, K. Ichiba, D.S. Velenovsky, B. Cone
Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and distortion product frequency following responses (DPFFRs) are respectively pre-neural and neural measurements associated with cochlear nonlinearity. Because cochlear nonlinearity is putatively linked to outer hair cell electromotility, DPOAEs and DPFFRs may provide complementary measurements of the human medial olivocochlear (MOC) reflex, which directly modulates outer hair cell function. In this study, we first quantified MOC reflex-induced DPOAE inhibition at spectral fine structure peaks in 22 young human adults with normal hearing. The f1 and f2 tone pairs producing the largest DPOAE fine structure peak for each subject were then used to evoke DPFFRs with and without MOC reflex activation to provide a related neural measure of efferent inhibition. We observed significant positive relationships between DPOAE fine structure peak inhibition and inhibition of DPFFR components representing neural phase locking to f2 and 2f1-f2, but not f1. These findings may support previous observations that the MOC reflex inhibits DPOAE sources differentially. That these effects are maintained and represented in the auditory brainstem suggests that the MOC reflex may exert a potent influence on subsequent subcortical neural representation of sound.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2yOV87W
via IFTTT
Promoting Hearing Health Collaboration Through an Interprofessional Education Experience
Purpose
To enhance audiology and physician assistant (PA) student appreciation for collaboration/team-based care through an interprofessional educational activity focused on hearing assessments.
Method
A total of 18 students from Louisiana State University Health–New Orleans's audiology and PA programs participated in an optional interprofessional education learning opportunity, which included a demonstration of hearing assessments. To assess student perspectives regarding interprofessional learning, the students completed pre- and post-surveys.
Results
Eighteen students completed a survey, including 5 questions using a Likert scale and 1 open-ended question. Both audiology and PA students demonstrated significant statistical improvement in 2 interprofessional competencies: roles/responsibilities and interprofessional communication. Students also reported increased awareness and knowledge in the skills of the opposite professions as related to hearing assessments.
Conclusion
Integrating interprofessional education experiences within an audiology program promotes collaborative practice patterns and supports new educational accreditation standards.
Supplemental Material
http://ift.tt/2gKjpayfrom #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://article/doi/10.1044/2017_AJA-17-0040/2660930/Promoting-Hearing-Health-Collaboration-Through-an
via IFTTT
Promoting Hearing Health Collaboration Through an Interprofessional Education Experience
Purpose
To enhance audiology and physician assistant (PA) student appreciation for collaboration/team-based care through an interprofessional educational activity focused on hearing assessments.
Method
A total of 18 students from Louisiana State University Health–New Orleans's audiology and PA programs participated in an optional interprofessional education learning opportunity, which included a demonstration of hearing assessments. To assess student perspectives regarding interprofessional learning, the students completed pre- and post-surveys.
Results
Eighteen students completed a survey, including 5 questions using a Likert scale and 1 open-ended question. Both audiology and PA students demonstrated significant statistical improvement in 2 interprofessional competencies: roles/responsibilities and interprofessional communication. Students also reported increased awareness and knowledge in the skills of the opposite professions as related to hearing assessments.
Conclusion
Integrating interprofessional education experiences within an audiology program promotes collaborative practice patterns and supports new educational accreditation standards.
Supplemental Material
http://ift.tt/2gKjpayfrom #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://article/doi/10.1044/2017_AJA-17-0040/2660930/Promoting-Hearing-Health-Collaboration-Through-an
via IFTTT
Promoting Hearing Health Collaboration Through an Interprofessional Education Experience
Purpose
To enhance audiology and physician assistant (PA) student appreciation for collaboration/team-based care through an interprofessional educational activity focused on hearing assessments.
Method
A total of 18 students from Louisiana State University Health–New Orleans's audiology and PA programs participated in an optional interprofessional education learning opportunity, which included a demonstration of hearing assessments. To assess student perspectives regarding interprofessional learning, the students completed pre- and post-surveys.
Results
Eighteen students completed a survey, including 5 questions using a Likert scale and 1 open-ended question. Both audiology and PA students demonstrated significant statistical improvement in 2 interprofessional competencies: roles/responsibilities and interprofessional communication. Students also reported increased awareness and knowledge in the skills of the opposite professions as related to hearing assessments.
Conclusion
Integrating interprofessional education experiences within an audiology program promotes collaborative practice patterns and supports new educational accreditation standards.
Supplemental Material
http://ift.tt/2gKjpayfrom #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://article/doi/10.1044/2017_AJA-17-0040/2660930/Promoting-Hearing-Health-Collaboration-Through-an
via IFTTT
Validating a Method to Assess Lipreading, Audiovisual Gain, and Integration During Speech Reception With Cochlear-Implanted and Normal-Hearing Subjects Using a Talking Head.
Objectives: Watching a talker's mouth is beneficial for speech reception (SR) in many communication settings, especially in noise and when hearing is impaired. Measures for audiovisual (AV) SR can be valuable in the framework of diagnosing or treating hearing disorders. This study addresses the lack of standardized methods in many languages for assessing lipreading, AV gain, and integration. A new method is validated that supplements a German speech audiometric test with visualizations of the synthetic articulation of an avatar that was used, for it is feasible to lip-sync auditory speech in a highly standardized way. Three hypotheses were formed according to the literature on AV SR that used live or filmed talkers. It was tested whether respective effects could be reproduced with synthetic articulation: (1) cochlear implant (CI) users have a higher visual-only SR than normal-hearing (NH) individuals, and younger individuals obtain higher lipreading scores than older persons. (2) Both CI and NH gain from presenting AV over unimodal (auditory or visual) sentences in noise. (3) Both CI and NH listeners efficiently integrate complementary auditory and visual speech features. Design: In a controlled, cross-sectional study with 14 experienced CI users (mean age 47.4) and 14 NH individuals (mean age 46.3, similar broad age distribution), lipreading, AV gain, and integration of a German matrix sentence test were assessed. Visual speech stimuli were synthesized by the articulation of the Talking Head system "MASSY" (Modular Audiovisual Speech Synthesizer), which displayed standardized articulation with respect to the visibility of German phones. Results: In line with the hypotheses and previous literature, CI users had a higher mean visual-only SR than NH individuals (CI, 38%; NH, 12%; p
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2ha1W8v
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2ha1W8v
via IFTTT
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Tinnitus and Tinnitus-Related Handicap in a College-Aged Population.
Objective: Tinnitus is a common otological condition that affects almost 10% of US adults. Research suggests that college students are vulnerable to tinnitus and hearing loss as they are exposed to traumatic levels of noise on a regular basis. Tinnitus and its influence in daily living continue to be underappreciated in the college-aged population. Therefore, the objective for the present study was to analyze prevalence and associated risk factors of tinnitus and tinnitus-related handicap in a sample of college-aged students. Design: A survey was administered to 678 students aged 18-30 years in a cross-section of randomly selected university classes. The survey was adopted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010). It inquired about demographic details, medical and audiological history, routine noise exposure, smoking, sound level tolerance, tinnitus, and tinnitus-related handicap in daily living. Tinnitus-related handicap was assessed by the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Participants were divided into four groups: chronic tinnitus (bothersome tinnitus for >1 year), acute tinnitus (bothersome tinnitus for =18). A multinomial regression analysis revealed that individuals with high noise exposure, high sound level tolerance score, recurring ear infections, and self-reported hearing loss had high odds of chronic tinnitus. Females showed higher prevalence of acute tinnitus than males. Individuals with European American ethnicity and smoking history showed high odds of reporting subacute tinnitus. Almost 10% of the subjects reported that they were music students. The prevalence of chronic, acute, and subacute tinnitus was 11.3%, 22.5%, and 32.4%, respectively, for musicians, which was significantly higher than that for nonmusicians. Music exposure, firearm noise exposure, and occupational noise exposure were significantly correlated with tinnitus. Temporal characteristics of tinnitus, self-reported tinnitus loudness, and sound level tolerance were identified as major predictors for the overall THI score. Conclusions: Despite the reluctance to complain about tinnitus, a substantial portion of college-aged individuals reported tinnitus experience and its adverse influence in daily living. It was concluded that environmental and health-related factors can trigger tinnitus perception, while self-reported psychoacoustic descriptors of tinnitus may explain perceived tinnitus-related handicap in daily living by college-aged individuals. Future research is required to explore effects of tinnitus on educational achievements, social interaction, and vocational aspects of college students. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2zErMs3
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2zErMs3
via IFTTT
Validating a Method to Assess Lipreading, Audiovisual Gain, and Integration During Speech Reception With Cochlear-Implanted and Normal-Hearing Subjects Using a Talking Head.
Objectives: Watching a talker's mouth is beneficial for speech reception (SR) in many communication settings, especially in noise and when hearing is impaired. Measures for audiovisual (AV) SR can be valuable in the framework of diagnosing or treating hearing disorders. This study addresses the lack of standardized methods in many languages for assessing lipreading, AV gain, and integration. A new method is validated that supplements a German speech audiometric test with visualizations of the synthetic articulation of an avatar that was used, for it is feasible to lip-sync auditory speech in a highly standardized way. Three hypotheses were formed according to the literature on AV SR that used live or filmed talkers. It was tested whether respective effects could be reproduced with synthetic articulation: (1) cochlear implant (CI) users have a higher visual-only SR than normal-hearing (NH) individuals, and younger individuals obtain higher lipreading scores than older persons. (2) Both CI and NH gain from presenting AV over unimodal (auditory or visual) sentences in noise. (3) Both CI and NH listeners efficiently integrate complementary auditory and visual speech features. Design: In a controlled, cross-sectional study with 14 experienced CI users (mean age 47.4) and 14 NH individuals (mean age 46.3, similar broad age distribution), lipreading, AV gain, and integration of a German matrix sentence test were assessed. Visual speech stimuli were synthesized by the articulation of the Talking Head system "MASSY" (Modular Audiovisual Speech Synthesizer), which displayed standardized articulation with respect to the visibility of German phones. Results: In line with the hypotheses and previous literature, CI users had a higher mean visual-only SR than NH individuals (CI, 38%; NH, 12%; p
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2ha1W8v
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2ha1W8v
via IFTTT
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Tinnitus and Tinnitus-Related Handicap in a College-Aged Population.
Objective: Tinnitus is a common otological condition that affects almost 10% of US adults. Research suggests that college students are vulnerable to tinnitus and hearing loss as they are exposed to traumatic levels of noise on a regular basis. Tinnitus and its influence in daily living continue to be underappreciated in the college-aged population. Therefore, the objective for the present study was to analyze prevalence and associated risk factors of tinnitus and tinnitus-related handicap in a sample of college-aged students. Design: A survey was administered to 678 students aged 18-30 years in a cross-section of randomly selected university classes. The survey was adopted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010). It inquired about demographic details, medical and audiological history, routine noise exposure, smoking, sound level tolerance, tinnitus, and tinnitus-related handicap in daily living. Tinnitus-related handicap was assessed by the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Participants were divided into four groups: chronic tinnitus (bothersome tinnitus for >1 year), acute tinnitus (bothersome tinnitus for =18). A multinomial regression analysis revealed that individuals with high noise exposure, high sound level tolerance score, recurring ear infections, and self-reported hearing loss had high odds of chronic tinnitus. Females showed higher prevalence of acute tinnitus than males. Individuals with European American ethnicity and smoking history showed high odds of reporting subacute tinnitus. Almost 10% of the subjects reported that they were music students. The prevalence of chronic, acute, and subacute tinnitus was 11.3%, 22.5%, and 32.4%, respectively, for musicians, which was significantly higher than that for nonmusicians. Music exposure, firearm noise exposure, and occupational noise exposure were significantly correlated with tinnitus. Temporal characteristics of tinnitus, self-reported tinnitus loudness, and sound level tolerance were identified as major predictors for the overall THI score. Conclusions: Despite the reluctance to complain about tinnitus, a substantial portion of college-aged individuals reported tinnitus experience and its adverse influence in daily living. It was concluded that environmental and health-related factors can trigger tinnitus perception, while self-reported psychoacoustic descriptors of tinnitus may explain perceived tinnitus-related handicap in daily living by college-aged individuals. Future research is required to explore effects of tinnitus on educational achievements, social interaction, and vocational aspects of college students. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2zErMs3
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2zErMs3
via IFTTT
Validating a Method to Assess Lipreading, Audiovisual Gain, and Integration During Speech Reception With Cochlear-Implanted and Normal-Hearing Subjects Using a Talking Head.
Objectives: Watching a talker's mouth is beneficial for speech reception (SR) in many communication settings, especially in noise and when hearing is impaired. Measures for audiovisual (AV) SR can be valuable in the framework of diagnosing or treating hearing disorders. This study addresses the lack of standardized methods in many languages for assessing lipreading, AV gain, and integration. A new method is validated that supplements a German speech audiometric test with visualizations of the synthetic articulation of an avatar that was used, for it is feasible to lip-sync auditory speech in a highly standardized way. Three hypotheses were formed according to the literature on AV SR that used live or filmed talkers. It was tested whether respective effects could be reproduced with synthetic articulation: (1) cochlear implant (CI) users have a higher visual-only SR than normal-hearing (NH) individuals, and younger individuals obtain higher lipreading scores than older persons. (2) Both CI and NH gain from presenting AV over unimodal (auditory or visual) sentences in noise. (3) Both CI and NH listeners efficiently integrate complementary auditory and visual speech features. Design: In a controlled, cross-sectional study with 14 experienced CI users (mean age 47.4) and 14 NH individuals (mean age 46.3, similar broad age distribution), lipreading, AV gain, and integration of a German matrix sentence test were assessed. Visual speech stimuli were synthesized by the articulation of the Talking Head system "MASSY" (Modular Audiovisual Speech Synthesizer), which displayed standardized articulation with respect to the visibility of German phones. Results: In line with the hypotheses and previous literature, CI users had a higher mean visual-only SR than NH individuals (CI, 38%; NH, 12%; p
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2ha1W8v
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2ha1W8v
via IFTTT
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Tinnitus and Tinnitus-Related Handicap in a College-Aged Population.
Objective: Tinnitus is a common otological condition that affects almost 10% of US adults. Research suggests that college students are vulnerable to tinnitus and hearing loss as they are exposed to traumatic levels of noise on a regular basis. Tinnitus and its influence in daily living continue to be underappreciated in the college-aged population. Therefore, the objective for the present study was to analyze prevalence and associated risk factors of tinnitus and tinnitus-related handicap in a sample of college-aged students. Design: A survey was administered to 678 students aged 18-30 years in a cross-section of randomly selected university classes. The survey was adopted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010). It inquired about demographic details, medical and audiological history, routine noise exposure, smoking, sound level tolerance, tinnitus, and tinnitus-related handicap in daily living. Tinnitus-related handicap was assessed by the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI). Participants were divided into four groups: chronic tinnitus (bothersome tinnitus for >1 year), acute tinnitus (bothersome tinnitus for =18). A multinomial regression analysis revealed that individuals with high noise exposure, high sound level tolerance score, recurring ear infections, and self-reported hearing loss had high odds of chronic tinnitus. Females showed higher prevalence of acute tinnitus than males. Individuals with European American ethnicity and smoking history showed high odds of reporting subacute tinnitus. Almost 10% of the subjects reported that they were music students. The prevalence of chronic, acute, and subacute tinnitus was 11.3%, 22.5%, and 32.4%, respectively, for musicians, which was significantly higher than that for nonmusicians. Music exposure, firearm noise exposure, and occupational noise exposure were significantly correlated with tinnitus. Temporal characteristics of tinnitus, self-reported tinnitus loudness, and sound level tolerance were identified as major predictors for the overall THI score. Conclusions: Despite the reluctance to complain about tinnitus, a substantial portion of college-aged individuals reported tinnitus experience and its adverse influence in daily living. It was concluded that environmental and health-related factors can trigger tinnitus perception, while self-reported psychoacoustic descriptors of tinnitus may explain perceived tinnitus-related handicap in daily living by college-aged individuals. Future research is required to explore effects of tinnitus on educational achievements, social interaction, and vocational aspects of college students. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2zErMs3
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2zErMs3
via IFTTT
Εγγραφή σε:
Αναρτήσεις (Atom)