Κυριακή 8 Μαΐου 2022

Post-traumatic cholesteatoma causing a brain abscess presenting 29 years after head injury

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Publication date: Available online 6 May 2022

Source: European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases

Author(s): Jakov Ajduk, Mirta Peček, Tomislav Gregurić, Andro Košec;

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There’s No Place like Home: Integrating a Place-Based Approach to Understanding Sleep

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Abstract
Light exposure at night impedes sleep and shifts the circadian clock. An extensive body of literature has linked sleep deprivation and circadian misalignment with cardiac disease, cancer, mental health disorders, and other chronic illnesses, as well as more immediate risks, such as motor vehicle crashes and occupational injuries. In the current issue of the journal, Zhong et al. build on this literature, finding that in a cohort of 50,000 California teachers, artificial light at night, noise, greenspace, and air pollution were all associated with sleep disturbances.Light, noise, air pollution, and the lack of greenspace are problems inequitably distributed across the population, concentrated among vulnerable populations in inner cities. The current study provides novel data on the manner in which these local environmental exposures drive sleep deprivation. Future research should explore the degree to which place-based disparities in sleep in turn drive disparities in short and long-term health. Addressing home-based sleep disparities could be an avenue to addressing systemic racism and achieving environmental justice.
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Application of piecewise VMAT technique to whole-brain radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost for multiple metastases

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This study implemented a piecewise volumetric modulated arc therapy (P-VMAT) for realizing whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) for multiple brain metastases (> 40 meta...
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The utility of PAX8 in comparison with PAX5 immunohistochemical staining in the diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma

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Publication date: Available online 7 May 2022

Source: Annals of Diagnostic Pathology

Author(s): Fereshteh Ameli, Zahra Zahavi, Farid Kosari, Vahid Soleimani

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Characteristics of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo in Young Children

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Objectives

This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) in young children.

Study Design

Retrospective case review.

Methods

All children <10 years old that have been diagnosed with BPPV at our pediatric vestibular program between December 2012–July 2021 were selected. Clinical features were identified by medical record review, including demographics, comorbidities, canal involvement, response to treatment, and incidence of recurrence.

Results

A total of 34 children were diagnosed with BPPV with a mean age of 7.9 years old (SD ± 1/7; range 5–9) at the time of diagnosis and a male:female ratio of 1:1. Involved semicircular canals included posterior in 82% (n = 28), horizontal in 41% (n = 14), and superior in 24% (n = 8) of patients, respectively. Comorbid diagnoses included migraine (n = 14), concussion (n = 10), acute vestibular syndrome (n = 4), and persistent postural perceptual dizziness (n = 6). Recurrence with initially confirmed resolution occurred in 10 patients (29%) with a mean of 2.5 recurrences per patient (SD: 2.2; range 1–8). A family history of vertigo or migraine was identified in 11 and 17 patients, respectively.

Conclusions

BPPV is a cause of vertigo in children that may be overlooked. A relatively high proportion of patients demonstrated horizontal or superior canal involvement, recurrence, and additional comorbid causes of dizziness. Thus, providers evaluating young children with dizziness should perform diagnostic maneuvers to evaluate BPPV of all semicircular canals and continue to monitor children after successful treatment for recurrence.

Level of Evidence

4, Case Series Laryngoscope, 2022

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A systematic review of the relationship between momentary emotional states and nonsuicidal self‐injurious thoughts and behaviours

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Abstract

Background

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with high levels of distress, co-morbid mental health issues, and elevated risk of suicide. Previous literature indicates that emotion regulation is the most endorsed function of NSSI. Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM) provides a powerful tool for investigating the moment-to-moment associations between emotional states and NSSI thoughts and behaviours. The aim of the current study was to systematically review and evaluate ESM research concerning the relationship between momentary emotional states and NSSI.

Methods

A systematic search of electronic databases from date of inception to 16th April 2021 was conducted. This was supplemented through backwards citation tracking. A risk of bias assessment was completed prior to data synthesis.

Results

Nineteen eligible studies were identified for inclusion in the review. Heightened negative affect was found to typically precede instances of NSSIT thoughts and behaviour. Results were less consistent for positive affect.

Limitations

Sample sizes across studies were often small, meaningful effect sizes were not always reported, and non-validated measures of NSSI thoughts and behaviour were used during ESM assessments.

Conclusions

The results support affect regulation models of NSSI, and demonstrate the value of ESM studies, specifically those sampling more than once per day, in plotting the temporal, "in-the-moment" characteristics of these processes.

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