Τρίτη 11 Απριλίου 2017

The Effects of Heel Height on Head Position, Long-Term Average Spectra, and Perceptions of Female Singers

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Publication date: Available online 10 April 2017
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Amelia A. Rollings
Female singers often wear high heels for auditions and performances. Heel height research in non-singing contexts indicates that wearing heels can affect body alignment and head position. Studies in orthodontics, sleep apnea, and voice science suggest that head and neck positioning can alter the vocal tract. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects, if any, of heel height (barefoot, 10.16-cm stilettos) on three angles of singer head position (calculated from C7–tragus–nasion), long-term average spectra data, and perceptual data (questionnaire) acquired from female (N = 30) soloists during alternating periods of silence and singing. Results indicated that all participants (100%) significantly decreased head position angle measurements (inferior and posterior head and neck movement) when singing in high heels compared with singing barefoot. Participants, on average, significantly increased head position angle measurements (superior and anterior head and neck movement) when singing compared with standing silently, and did so to a greater degree when transitioning from silent heels to singing heels compared with transitioning from silent barefoot to singing barefoot. Long-term average spectra data indicated significant spectral energy differences between barefoot and high heel singing conditions across participants. Most participants (n = 21, 70.00%) indicated they felt comfortable and sang their best while barefoot. Results of this study, the second in a series of experiments addressing the effects of shoe heel height on female singers' vocal production, were discussed in terms of application to vocal pedagogy and directions for future research.



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Reference thresholds for the TEN(HL) test for people with normal hearing.

Related Articles

Reference thresholds for the TEN(HL) test for people with normal hearing.

Int J Audiol. 2017 Apr 10;:1-5

Authors: Hansen AS, Raen Ø, Moore BC

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To estimate normative values and repeatability of thresholds for the TEN(HL) test for diagnosing dead regions in the cochlea, as a function of signal frequency, TEN(HL) level, age and gender.
DESIGN: The TEN(HL) test was administered twice for each ear of each participant using signal frequencies from 0.5 to 4 kHz and TEN(HL) levels of 30, 50 and 70 dB HL/ERBN.
STUDY SAMPLE: In all, 29 young participants and 8 older participants were tested. All had normal audiograms with no history of hearing problems.
RESULTS: There was good repeatability across sessions. There was no significant effect of ear, gender or age group. The average signal-to-TEN ratio (STR) at threshold was close to 0 dB. For low signal frequencies, the STR at threshold varied only slightly with TEN(HL) level, but for the signal frequencies of 3 and 4 kHz the STR at threshold increased to about +2.7 dB for the TEN(HL) level of 70 dB/ERBN.
CONCLUSIONS: For a high TEN(HL) level, the "normal" STR at threshold at 3 and 4 kHz is closer to +2 dB than to 0 dB. Further research is needed to assess whether the TEN(HL)-test criteria need to be modified when testing at high frequencies and high levels.

PMID: 28394651 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Reference thresholds for the TEN(HL) test for people with normal hearing.

Related Articles

Reference thresholds for the TEN(HL) test for people with normal hearing.

Int J Audiol. 2017 Apr 10;:1-5

Authors: Hansen AS, Raen Ø, Moore BC

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To estimate normative values and repeatability of thresholds for the TEN(HL) test for diagnosing dead regions in the cochlea, as a function of signal frequency, TEN(HL) level, age and gender.
DESIGN: The TEN(HL) test was administered twice for each ear of each participant using signal frequencies from 0.5 to 4 kHz and TEN(HL) levels of 30, 50 and 70 dB HL/ERBN.
STUDY SAMPLE: In all, 29 young participants and 8 older participants were tested. All had normal audiograms with no history of hearing problems.
RESULTS: There was good repeatability across sessions. There was no significant effect of ear, gender or age group. The average signal-to-TEN ratio (STR) at threshold was close to 0 dB. For low signal frequencies, the STR at threshold varied only slightly with TEN(HL) level, but for the signal frequencies of 3 and 4 kHz the STR at threshold increased to about +2.7 dB for the TEN(HL) level of 70 dB/ERBN.
CONCLUSIONS: For a high TEN(HL) level, the "normal" STR at threshold at 3 and 4 kHz is closer to +2 dB than to 0 dB. Further research is needed to assess whether the TEN(HL)-test criteria need to be modified when testing at high frequencies and high levels.

PMID: 28394651 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Reference thresholds for the TEN(HL) test for people with normal hearing.

Related Articles

Reference thresholds for the TEN(HL) test for people with normal hearing.

Int J Audiol. 2017 Apr 10;:1-5

Authors: Hansen AS, Raen Ø, Moore BC

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To estimate normative values and repeatability of thresholds for the TEN(HL) test for diagnosing dead regions in the cochlea, as a function of signal frequency, TEN(HL) level, age and gender.
DESIGN: The TEN(HL) test was administered twice for each ear of each participant using signal frequencies from 0.5 to 4 kHz and TEN(HL) levels of 30, 50 and 70 dB HL/ERBN.
STUDY SAMPLE: In all, 29 young participants and 8 older participants were tested. All had normal audiograms with no history of hearing problems.
RESULTS: There was good repeatability across sessions. There was no significant effect of ear, gender or age group. The average signal-to-TEN ratio (STR) at threshold was close to 0 dB. For low signal frequencies, the STR at threshold varied only slightly with TEN(HL) level, but for the signal frequencies of 3 and 4 kHz the STR at threshold increased to about +2.7 dB for the TEN(HL) level of 70 dB/ERBN.
CONCLUSIONS: For a high TEN(HL) level, the "normal" STR at threshold at 3 and 4 kHz is closer to +2 dB than to 0 dB. Further research is needed to assess whether the TEN(HL)-test criteria need to be modified when testing at high frequencies and high levels.

PMID: 28394651 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Incorporating ceiling effects during analysis of speech perception data from a paediatric cochlear implant cohort

.


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Evaluation of a wireless remote microphone in bimodal cochlear implant recipients

.


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Acoustic and perceptual effects of magnifying interaural difference cues in a simulated “binaural” hearing aid

.


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Development of equally intelligible Telugu sentence-lists to test speech recognition in noise

.


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Reference thresholds for the TEN(HL) test for people with normal hearing

.


from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2ouZJZP
via IFTTT

Reference thresholds for the TEN(HL) test for people with normal hearing.

Related Articles

Reference thresholds for the TEN(HL) test for people with normal hearing.

Int J Audiol. 2017 Apr 10;:1-5

Authors: Hansen AS, Raen Ø, Moore BC

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To estimate normative values and repeatability of thresholds for the TEN(HL) test for diagnosing dead regions in the cochlea, as a function of signal frequency, TEN(HL) level, age and gender.
DESIGN: The TEN(HL) test was administered twice for each ear of each participant using signal frequencies from 0.5 to 4 kHz and TEN(HL) levels of 30, 50 and 70 dB HL/ERBN.
STUDY SAMPLE: In all, 29 young participants and 8 older participants were tested. All had normal audiograms with no history of hearing problems.
RESULTS: There was good repeatability across sessions. There was no significant effect of ear, gender or age group. The average signal-to-TEN ratio (STR) at threshold was close to 0 dB. For low signal frequencies, the STR at threshold varied only slightly with TEN(HL) level, but for the signal frequencies of 3 and 4 kHz the STR at threshold increased to about +2.7 dB for the TEN(HL) level of 70 dB/ERBN.
CONCLUSIONS: For a high TEN(HL) level, the "normal" STR at threshold at 3 and 4 kHz is closer to +2 dB than to 0 dB. Further research is needed to assess whether the TEN(HL)-test criteria need to be modified when testing at high frequencies and high levels.

PMID: 28394651 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Incorporating ceiling effects during analysis of speech perception data from a paediatric cochlear implant cohort

.


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via IFTTT

Evaluation of a wireless remote microphone in bimodal cochlear implant recipients

.


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Acoustic and perceptual effects of magnifying interaural difference cues in a simulated “binaural” hearing aid

.


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Development of equally intelligible Telugu sentence-lists to test speech recognition in noise

.


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via IFTTT

Reference thresholds for the TEN(HL) test for people with normal hearing

.


from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2ouZJZP
via IFTTT

Incorporating ceiling effects during analysis of speech perception data from a paediatric cochlear implant cohort

.


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via IFTTT

Evaluation of a wireless remote microphone in bimodal cochlear implant recipients

.


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Acoustic and perceptual effects of magnifying interaural difference cues in a simulated “binaural” hearing aid

.


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Development of equally intelligible Telugu sentence-lists to test speech recognition in noise

.


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via IFTTT

Reference thresholds for the TEN(HL) test for people with normal hearing

.


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via IFTTT

Incorporating ceiling effects during analysis of speech perception data from a paediatric cochlear implant cohort

.


from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2poATrQ
via IFTTT

Evaluation of a wireless remote microphone in bimodal cochlear implant recipients

.


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via IFTTT

Acoustic and perceptual effects of magnifying interaural difference cues in a simulated “binaural” hearing aid

.


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via IFTTT

Development of equally intelligible Telugu sentence-lists to test speech recognition in noise

.


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via IFTTT

Reference thresholds for the TEN(HL) test for people with normal hearing

.


from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2poARQK
via IFTTT

Incorporating ceiling effects during analysis of speech perception data from a paediatric cochlear implant cohort

.


from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2poATrQ
via IFTTT

Evaluation of a wireless remote microphone in bimodal cochlear implant recipients

.


from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2nA74rH
via IFTTT

Acoustic and perceptual effects of magnifying interaural difference cues in a simulated “binaural” hearing aid

.


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via IFTTT

Development of equally intelligible Telugu sentence-lists to test speech recognition in noise

.


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Reference thresholds for the TEN(HL) test for people with normal hearing

.


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Differences between acoustic trauma and other types of acute noise-induced hearing loss in terms of treatment and hearing prognosis.

Differences between acoustic trauma and other types of acute noise-induced hearing loss in terms of treatment and hearing prognosis.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2017 Apr 10;:1-5

Authors: Wada T, Sano H, Nishio SY, Kitoh R, Ikezono T, Iwasaki S, Kaga K, Matsubara A, Matsunaga T, Murata T, Naito Y, Suzuki M, Takahashi H, Tono T, Yamashita H, Hara A, Usami SI

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the differences between acoustic trauma (AT) and other types of acute noise-induced hearing loss (ANIHL), we performed a literature search and case reviews.
METHODS: The literature search based on online databases was completed in September 2016. Articles on ANIHL and steroid treatment for human subjects were reviewed. The source sounds and treatment sequelae of our accumulated cases were also reviewed. Hearing loss caused by gun-shots and explosions was categorized into the AT group, while hearing loss caused by concerts and other noises was categorized into the ANIHL group.
RESULTS: Systemic steroid treatment did not appear to be effective, at least in the AT group, based on both the literature and our case reviews. However, effective recovery after treatment including steroids was observed in the ANIHL group. The difference in hearing recovery between the AT and ANIHL groups was statistically significant (p = .030), although differences in age, days from the onset to treatment and pretreatment hearing levels were not significant.
CONCLUSIONS: Hearing recovery from AT is very poor, whereas, ANIHL is recoverable to some extent. Therefore, it is essential to differentiate between these two groups for accurate prediction of the hearing prognosis and evaluation of treatment effects.

PMID: 28394667 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Nationwide epidemiological survey of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss in Japan.

Nationwide epidemiological survey of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss in Japan.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2017 Apr 10;:1-9

Authors: Kitoh R, Nishio SY, Ogawa K, Kanzaki S, Hato N, Sone M, Fukuda S, Hara A, Ikezono T, Ishikawa K, Iwasaki S, Kaga K, Kakehata S, Matsubara A, Matsunaga T, Murata T, Naito Y, Nakagawa T, Nishizaki K, Noguchi Y, Sano H, Sato H, Suzuki M, Shojaku H, Takahashi H, Takeda H, Tono T, Yamashita H, Yamasoba T, Usami SI

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Using a large-scale nationwide survey database, we investigated the epidemiological characteristics for idiopathic SSNHL in Japan.
METHODS: The subjects for this analysis were patients registered in a Japanese multicentre database between April 2014 and March 2016. A total of 3419 idiopathic SSNHL patients were registered in the database, and the clinical characteristics of the idiopathic SSNHL patients were obtained. Several factors associated with the severity of hearing impairment and prognosis were then investigated. Statistical analysis was performed to clarify the factors associated with the severity of hearing impairment and prognosis.
RESULTS: There were significant correlations between the severity of hearing loss and diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, past history of brain infarction, heart disease, age (under 16 years/elderly), and symptoms of vertigo/dizziness. We also analyzed the prognostic factors for idiopathic SSNHL, and found that the severity of hearing loss (Grade 3 or 4), heart disease, aged 65 years or over, time from onset to treatment (over 7 days), and symptoms of vertigo/dizziness were all significantly related to poor prognosis.
CONCLUSION: The present large-scale clinical survey revealed current epidemiological trends for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and various factors associated with the severity of hearing impairment and prognosis.

PMID: 28394652 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Brain Metabolic Changes in Rats following Acoustic Trauma.

Related Articles

Brain Metabolic Changes in Rats following Acoustic Trauma.

Front Neurosci. 2017;11:148

Authors: He J, Zhu Y, Aa J, Smith PF, De Ridder D, Wang G, Zheng Y

Abstract
Acoustic trauma is the most common cause of hearing loss and tinnitus in humans. However, the impact of acoustic trauma on system biology is not fully understood. It has been increasingly recognized that tinnitus caused by acoustic trauma is unlikely to be generated by a single pathological source, but rather a complex network of changes involving not only the auditory system but also systems related to memory, emotion and stress. One obvious and significant gap in tinnitus research is a lack of biomarkers that reflect the consequences of this interactive "tinnitus-causing" network. In this study, we made the first attempt to analyse brain metabolic changes in rats following acoustic trauma using metabolomics, as a pilot study prior to directly linking metabolic changes to tinnitus. Metabolites in 12 different brain regions collected from either sham or acoustic trauma animals were profiled using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-based metabolomics platform. After deconvolution of mass spectra and identification of the molecules, the metabolomic data were processed using multivariate statistical analysis. Principal component analysis showed that metabolic patterns varied among different brain regions; however, brain regions with similar functions had a similar metabolite composition. Acoustic trauma did not change the metabolite clusters in these regions. When analyzed within each brain region using the orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis sub-model, 17 molecules showed distinct separation between control and acoustic trauma groups in the auditory cortex, inferior colliculus, superior colliculus, vestibular nucleus complex (VNC), and cerebellum. Further metabolic pathway impact analysis and the enrichment overview with network analysis suggested the primary involvement of amino acid metabolism, including the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolic pathways, the arginine and proline metabolic pathways and the purine metabolic pathway. Our results provide the first metabolomics evidence that acoustic trauma can induce changes in multiple metabolic pathways. This pilot study also suggests that the metabolomic approach has the potential to identify acoustic trauma-specific metabolic shifts in future studies where metabolic changes are correlated with the animal's tinnitus status.

PMID: 28392756 [PubMed - in process]



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Differences between acoustic trauma and other types of acute noise-induced hearing loss in terms of treatment and hearing prognosis.

Differences between acoustic trauma and other types of acute noise-induced hearing loss in terms of treatment and hearing prognosis.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2017 Apr 10;:1-5

Authors: Wada T, Sano H, Nishio SY, Kitoh R, Ikezono T, Iwasaki S, Kaga K, Matsubara A, Matsunaga T, Murata T, Naito Y, Suzuki M, Takahashi H, Tono T, Yamashita H, Hara A, Usami SI

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the differences between acoustic trauma (AT) and other types of acute noise-induced hearing loss (ANIHL), we performed a literature search and case reviews.
METHODS: The literature search based on online databases was completed in September 2016. Articles on ANIHL and steroid treatment for human subjects were reviewed. The source sounds and treatment sequelae of our accumulated cases were also reviewed. Hearing loss caused by gun-shots and explosions was categorized into the AT group, while hearing loss caused by concerts and other noises was categorized into the ANIHL group.
RESULTS: Systemic steroid treatment did not appear to be effective, at least in the AT group, based on both the literature and our case reviews. However, effective recovery after treatment including steroids was observed in the ANIHL group. The difference in hearing recovery between the AT and ANIHL groups was statistically significant (p = .030), although differences in age, days from the onset to treatment and pretreatment hearing levels were not significant.
CONCLUSIONS: Hearing recovery from AT is very poor, whereas, ANIHL is recoverable to some extent. Therefore, it is essential to differentiate between these two groups for accurate prediction of the hearing prognosis and evaluation of treatment effects.

PMID: 28394667 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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via IFTTT

Nationwide epidemiological survey of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss in Japan.

Nationwide epidemiological survey of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss in Japan.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2017 Apr 10;:1-9

Authors: Kitoh R, Nishio SY, Ogawa K, Kanzaki S, Hato N, Sone M, Fukuda S, Hara A, Ikezono T, Ishikawa K, Iwasaki S, Kaga K, Kakehata S, Matsubara A, Matsunaga T, Murata T, Naito Y, Nakagawa T, Nishizaki K, Noguchi Y, Sano H, Sato H, Suzuki M, Shojaku H, Takahashi H, Takeda H, Tono T, Yamashita H, Yamasoba T, Usami SI

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Using a large-scale nationwide survey database, we investigated the epidemiological characteristics for idiopathic SSNHL in Japan.
METHODS: The subjects for this analysis were patients registered in a Japanese multicentre database between April 2014 and March 2016. A total of 3419 idiopathic SSNHL patients were registered in the database, and the clinical characteristics of the idiopathic SSNHL patients were obtained. Several factors associated with the severity of hearing impairment and prognosis were then investigated. Statistical analysis was performed to clarify the factors associated with the severity of hearing impairment and prognosis.
RESULTS: There were significant correlations between the severity of hearing loss and diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, past history of brain infarction, heart disease, age (under 16 years/elderly), and symptoms of vertigo/dizziness. We also analyzed the prognostic factors for idiopathic SSNHL, and found that the severity of hearing loss (Grade 3 or 4), heart disease, aged 65 years or over, time from onset to treatment (over 7 days), and symptoms of vertigo/dizziness were all significantly related to poor prognosis.
CONCLUSION: The present large-scale clinical survey revealed current epidemiological trends for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and various factors associated with the severity of hearing impairment and prognosis.

PMID: 28394652 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Brain Metabolic Changes in Rats following Acoustic Trauma.

Related Articles

Brain Metabolic Changes in Rats following Acoustic Trauma.

Front Neurosci. 2017;11:148

Authors: He J, Zhu Y, Aa J, Smith PF, De Ridder D, Wang G, Zheng Y

Abstract
Acoustic trauma is the most common cause of hearing loss and tinnitus in humans. However, the impact of acoustic trauma on system biology is not fully understood. It has been increasingly recognized that tinnitus caused by acoustic trauma is unlikely to be generated by a single pathological source, but rather a complex network of changes involving not only the auditory system but also systems related to memory, emotion and stress. One obvious and significant gap in tinnitus research is a lack of biomarkers that reflect the consequences of this interactive "tinnitus-causing" network. In this study, we made the first attempt to analyse brain metabolic changes in rats following acoustic trauma using metabolomics, as a pilot study prior to directly linking metabolic changes to tinnitus. Metabolites in 12 different brain regions collected from either sham or acoustic trauma animals were profiled using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-based metabolomics platform. After deconvolution of mass spectra and identification of the molecules, the metabolomic data were processed using multivariate statistical analysis. Principal component analysis showed that metabolic patterns varied among different brain regions; however, brain regions with similar functions had a similar metabolite composition. Acoustic trauma did not change the metabolite clusters in these regions. When analyzed within each brain region using the orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis sub-model, 17 molecules showed distinct separation between control and acoustic trauma groups in the auditory cortex, inferior colliculus, superior colliculus, vestibular nucleus complex (VNC), and cerebellum. Further metabolic pathway impact analysis and the enrichment overview with network analysis suggested the primary involvement of amino acid metabolism, including the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolic pathways, the arginine and proline metabolic pathways and the purine metabolic pathway. Our results provide the first metabolomics evidence that acoustic trauma can induce changes in multiple metabolic pathways. This pilot study also suggests that the metabolomic approach has the potential to identify acoustic trauma-specific metabolic shifts in future studies where metabolic changes are correlated with the animal's tinnitus status.

PMID: 28392756 [PubMed - in process]



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Factors affecting sound energy absorbance in acute otitis media model of chinchilla

S03785955.gif

Publication date: Available online 10 April 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Xiying Guan, Thomas W. Seale, Rong Z. Gan
Acute otitis media (AOM) is a rapid-onset infection of the middle ear which results in middle ear pressure (MEP), middle ear effusion (MEE), and structural changes in middle ear tissues. Previous studies from our laboratory have identified that MEP, MEE, and middle ear structural changes are three factors affecting tympanic membrane (TM) mobility and hearing levels (Guan et al. 2014; 2013). Sound energy reflectance or absorbance (EA) is a diagnostic tool increasingly used in clinical settings for the identification of middle ear diseases. However, it is unclear whether EA can differentiate these three factors in an AOM ear. Here we report wideband EA measurements in the AOM model of chinchilla at three experimental stages: unopened, pressure released, and effusion removed. These correspond to the combined and individual effects of the three factors on sound energy transmission. AOM was produced by transbullar injection of Haemophilus influenzae in two treatment groups: 4 days (4D) and 8 days (8D) post inoculation. These time points represent the relatively early and later phase of AOM. In each group of chinchillas, EA at 250-8000 Hz was measured using a wideband tympanometer at three experimental stages. Results show that the effects of MEP, MEE, and tissue structural changes over the frequency range varied with the disease time course. MEP was the primary contributor to reduction of EA in 4D AOM ears and had a smaller effect in 8D ears. MEE reduced the EA at 6-8 kHz in 4D ears and 2-8 kHz in 8D ears and was responsible for the EA peak in both 4D and 8D ears. The residual EA loss due to structural changes was observed over the frequency range in 8D ears and only at high frequencies in 4D ears. The EA measurements were also compared with the published TM mobility loss in chinchilla AOM ears.



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Factors affecting sound energy absorbance in acute otitis media model of chinchilla

S03785955.gif

Publication date: Available online 10 April 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Xiying Guan, Thomas W. Seale, Rong Z. Gan
Acute otitis media (AOM) is a rapid-onset infection of the middle ear which results in middle ear pressure (MEP), middle ear effusion (MEE), and structural changes in middle ear tissues. Previous studies from our laboratory have identified that MEP, MEE, and middle ear structural changes are three factors affecting tympanic membrane (TM) mobility and hearing levels (Guan et al. 2014; 2013). Sound energy reflectance or absorbance (EA) is a diagnostic tool increasingly used in clinical settings for the identification of middle ear diseases. However, it is unclear whether EA can differentiate these three factors in an AOM ear. Here we report wideband EA measurements in the AOM model of chinchilla at three experimental stages: unopened, pressure released, and effusion removed. These correspond to the combined and individual effects of the three factors on sound energy transmission. AOM was produced by transbullar injection of Haemophilus influenzae in two treatment groups: 4 days (4D) and 8 days (8D) post inoculation. These time points represent the relatively early and later phase of AOM. In each group of chinchillas, EA at 250-8000 Hz was measured using a wideband tympanometer at three experimental stages. Results show that the effects of MEP, MEE, and tissue structural changes over the frequency range varied with the disease time course. MEP was the primary contributor to reduction of EA in 4D AOM ears and had a smaller effect in 8D ears. MEE reduced the EA at 6-8 kHz in 4D ears and 2-8 kHz in 8D ears and was responsible for the EA peak in both 4D and 8D ears. The residual EA loss due to structural changes was observed over the frequency range in 8D ears and only at high frequencies in 4D ears. The EA measurements were also compared with the published TM mobility loss in chinchilla AOM ears.



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Factors affecting sound energy absorbance in acute otitis media model of chinchilla

S03785955.gif

Publication date: Available online 10 April 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Xiying Guan, Thomas W. Seale, Rong Z. Gan
Acute otitis media (AOM) is a rapid-onset infection of the middle ear which results in middle ear pressure (MEP), middle ear effusion (MEE), and structural changes in middle ear tissues. Previous studies from our laboratory have identified that MEP, MEE, and middle ear structural changes are three factors affecting tympanic membrane (TM) mobility and hearing levels (Guan et al. 2014; 2013). Sound energy reflectance or absorbance (EA) is a diagnostic tool increasingly used in clinical settings for the identification of middle ear diseases. However, it is unclear whether EA can differentiate these three factors in an AOM ear. Here we report wideband EA measurements in the AOM model of chinchilla at three experimental stages: unopened, pressure released, and effusion removed. These correspond to the combined and individual effects of the three factors on sound energy transmission. AOM was produced by transbullar injection of Haemophilus influenzae in two treatment groups: 4 days (4D) and 8 days (8D) post inoculation. These time points represent the relatively early and later phase of AOM. In each group of chinchillas, EA at 250-8000 Hz was measured using a wideband tympanometer at three experimental stages. Results show that the effects of MEP, MEE, and tissue structural changes over the frequency range varied with the disease time course. MEP was the primary contributor to reduction of EA in 4D AOM ears and had a smaller effect in 8D ears. MEE reduced the EA at 6-8 kHz in 4D ears and 2-8 kHz in 8D ears and was responsible for the EA peak in both 4D and 8D ears. The residual EA loss due to structural changes was observed over the frequency range in 8D ears and only at high frequencies in 4D ears. The EA measurements were also compared with the published TM mobility loss in chinchilla AOM ears.



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