Πέμπτη 12 Μαΐου 2022

Effects of 3,3 ′-Iminodipropionitrile on Hair Cell Numbers in Cristae of CBA/CaJ and C57BL/6J Mice

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This study examines absolute hair cell numbers in the cristae of C57BL/6J mice and CBA/CaJ mice from weaning to adulthood as well as the dose required for 3,3 ′-iminodiproprionitrile (IDPN)-injury of the cristae in C57BL/6J mice and CBA/CaJ mice, the two mouse strains most commonly used by inner ear researchers. In cristae of CBA/CaJ and C57BL/6J mice, no loss of hair cells was observed up to 24 weeks. In both strains, dose-dependent loss of hair cells was observed 7 days after IDPN treatment of 2-month-old mice (IC50 = 16.1 mmol/kg in C57BL/6J mice vs. 25.21 mmol/kg in CBA/CaJ mice). Four-month-old C57BL/6J mice exposed to IDPN developed dose-dependent vestibular dysfunction as indicated by increased activity and circling behavior in open field tests and by failure to swim 7 da...
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Effects of Masker Envelope Fluctuations on the Temporal Effect

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader
This study tests the hypothesis that small or absent temporal effects for narrowband maskers are due to the inherent temporal envelope fluctuations of Gaussian noise. Temporal effects were measured for narrowband noise maskers with fluctuating ( "fluctuating maskers") and flattened ("flattened maskers") temporal envelopes as a function of masker level (Exp. I) and in the presence of fluctuating and flattened precursors (Exp. II). The temporal effect was absent for fluctuating narrowband maskers and as large as ~ 7 dB for flattene d narrowband maskers. The AC-coupled power of the temporal envelopes of precursors and maskers accounted for 94 % of the variance in probe detection thresholds measured with fluctuating and flattened precursors and maskers. These results suggest that m...
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Association of APACHE‐II Scores With 30‐Day Mortality After Tracheostomy: A Retrospective Study

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Association of APACHE-II Scores With 30-Day Mortality After Tracheostomy: A Retrospective Study

An APACHE-II score of 30 and above is a potentially useful clinical indicator of increased risk of mortality within 30 days of tracheostomy in patients with ventilator-dependent respiratory failure (VDRF). This tool may prove a valuable resource for ICU physicians, surgeons, and families who are considering tracheostomy for patients with VDRF.


Objective

The objective of this study was to assess whether the Acute Physiology, Age, Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II) score is a reliable predictor of 30-day mortality in the setting of adult patients with ventilator-dependent respiratory failure (VDRF) who undergo tracheostomy.

Methods

This is a retrospective, single-institution study. Potential subjects were identified using the current procedural terminology codes for the tracheostomy procedure and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, codes for VDRF. APACHE-II scores were retrospectively calculated. Tracheostomies were performed in our population over an 18-month period (November 2018 through April 2020). Our study population did not include patients with novel coronavirus. The primary outcome was mortality at 30 days after tracheostomy.

Results

A total of 238 patients with VDRF who had a tracheostomy were included in this study. Twenty-eight (11.8%) patients died within 30 days of tracheostomy. The mean (standard deviation) APACHE-II score was 22.5 (10.2) for patients who died within 30 days of tracheostomy and 19.8 (7.4) for patients living within 30 days of tracheostomy (p = 0.30). Patients with APACHE-II scores greater than or equal to 30 showed higher odds of death within 30 days of tracheostomy (odds ratio, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.14–7.89, p = 0.03).

Conclusion

An APACHE-II score of 30 and above is associated with mortality within 30 days of tracheostomy in patients with VDRF. APACHE-II scores may be a promising tool for assessing risk of mortality in patients with VDRF after tracheostomy.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 2022

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