Publication date: Available online 18 May 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Dennis Hamacher, Alexander Törpel, Daniel Hamacher, Lutz Schega
Fatigue directly affects key features of the sensorimotor system which disorganizes voluntary control of movement accuracy. Local dynamic stability of walking is considered a sensitive measure for neuromuscular performance. To gain greater insight in the role of fatigue in motor behaviour in older and young adults during walking, the current experiment analyses gait patterns of healthy young but maximal fatigued individuals and gait patterns in submaximal fatigued older adults.Ten young and 18 older subjects performed a bicycle incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer. In young subjects, the incremental test was performed until total physical exhaustion. In older subjects, the test was performed until submaximal fatigue. Prior to and after the test, the participants walked for 2.5minutes on a treadmill. Based on linear acceleration data of the trunk, local dynamic stability was assessed. Student's t-test was used to check if differences are statistically significant.In young individuals, we found a significant decrease in the finite-time maximal Lyapunov exponents between unfatigued walking and maximal fatigued walking. In older participants, significant increases in the finite-time maximal Lyapunov between unfatigued walking and submaximal fatigued walking were observed.The results indicate that 1) young and sporty subjects become more stable after having passed a maximum cardiopulmonary exercise test on a cycle ergometer while 2) older individuals walk less locally stable in a submaximal fatigued condition. Older cohorts might show a higher fall risk when they are physically fatigued.
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Τετάρτη 18 Μαΐου 2016
The effect of physical exhaustion on gait stability in young and older individuals
Publication date: Available online 18 May 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Dennis Hamacher, Alexander Törpel, Daniel Hamacher, Lutz Schega
Fatigue directly affects key features of the sensorimotor system which disorganizes voluntary control of movement accuracy. Local dynamic stability of walking is considered a sensitive measure for neuromuscular performance. To gain greater insight in the role of fatigue in motor behaviour in older and young adults during walking, the current experiment analyses gait patterns of healthy young but maximal fatigued individuals and gait patterns in submaximal fatigued older adults.Ten young and 18 older subjects performed a bicycle incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer. In young subjects, the incremental test was performed until total physical exhaustion. In older subjects, the test was performed until submaximal fatigue. Prior to and after the test, the participants walked for 2.5minutes on a treadmill. Based on linear acceleration data of the trunk, local dynamic stability was assessed. Student's t-test was used to check if differences are statistically significant.In young individuals, we found a significant decrease in the finite-time maximal Lyapunov exponents between unfatigued walking and maximal fatigued walking. In older participants, significant increases in the finite-time maximal Lyapunov between unfatigued walking and submaximal fatigued walking were observed.The results indicate that 1) young and sporty subjects become more stable after having passed a maximum cardiopulmonary exercise test on a cycle ergometer while 2) older individuals walk less locally stable in a submaximal fatigued condition. Older cohorts might show a higher fall risk when they are physically fatigued.
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Dennis Hamacher, Alexander Törpel, Daniel Hamacher, Lutz Schega
Fatigue directly affects key features of the sensorimotor system which disorganizes voluntary control of movement accuracy. Local dynamic stability of walking is considered a sensitive measure for neuromuscular performance. To gain greater insight in the role of fatigue in motor behaviour in older and young adults during walking, the current experiment analyses gait patterns of healthy young but maximal fatigued individuals and gait patterns in submaximal fatigued older adults.Ten young and 18 older subjects performed a bicycle incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer. In young subjects, the incremental test was performed until total physical exhaustion. In older subjects, the test was performed until submaximal fatigue. Prior to and after the test, the participants walked for 2.5minutes on a treadmill. Based on linear acceleration data of the trunk, local dynamic stability was assessed. Student's t-test was used to check if differences are statistically significant.In young individuals, we found a significant decrease in the finite-time maximal Lyapunov exponents between unfatigued walking and maximal fatigued walking. In older participants, significant increases in the finite-time maximal Lyapunov between unfatigued walking and submaximal fatigued walking were observed.The results indicate that 1) young and sporty subjects become more stable after having passed a maximum cardiopulmonary exercise test on a cycle ergometer while 2) older individuals walk less locally stable in a submaximal fatigued condition. Older cohorts might show a higher fall risk when they are physically fatigued.
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The effect of physical exhaustion on gait stability in young and older individuals
Publication date: Available online 18 May 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Dennis Hamacher, Alexander Törpel, Daniel Hamacher, Lutz Schega
Fatigue directly affects key features of the sensorimotor system which disorganizes voluntary control of movement accuracy. Local dynamic stability of walking is considered a sensitive measure for neuromuscular performance. To gain greater insight in the role of fatigue in motor behaviour in older and young adults during walking, the current experiment analyses gait patterns of healthy young but maximal fatigued individuals and gait patterns in submaximal fatigued older adults.Ten young and 18 older subjects performed a bicycle incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer. In young subjects, the incremental test was performed until total physical exhaustion. In older subjects, the test was performed until submaximal fatigue. Prior to and after the test, the participants walked for 2.5minutes on a treadmill. Based on linear acceleration data of the trunk, local dynamic stability was assessed. Student's t-test was used to check if differences are statistically significant.In young individuals, we found a significant decrease in the finite-time maximal Lyapunov exponents between unfatigued walking and maximal fatigued walking. In older participants, significant increases in the finite-time maximal Lyapunov between unfatigued walking and submaximal fatigued walking were observed.The results indicate that 1) young and sporty subjects become more stable after having passed a maximum cardiopulmonary exercise test on a cycle ergometer while 2) older individuals walk less locally stable in a submaximal fatigued condition. Older cohorts might show a higher fall risk when they are physically fatigued.
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Dennis Hamacher, Alexander Törpel, Daniel Hamacher, Lutz Schega
Fatigue directly affects key features of the sensorimotor system which disorganizes voluntary control of movement accuracy. Local dynamic stability of walking is considered a sensitive measure for neuromuscular performance. To gain greater insight in the role of fatigue in motor behaviour in older and young adults during walking, the current experiment analyses gait patterns of healthy young but maximal fatigued individuals and gait patterns in submaximal fatigued older adults.Ten young and 18 older subjects performed a bicycle incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer. In young subjects, the incremental test was performed until total physical exhaustion. In older subjects, the test was performed until submaximal fatigue. Prior to and after the test, the participants walked for 2.5minutes on a treadmill. Based on linear acceleration data of the trunk, local dynamic stability was assessed. Student's t-test was used to check if differences are statistically significant.In young individuals, we found a significant decrease in the finite-time maximal Lyapunov exponents between unfatigued walking and maximal fatigued walking. In older participants, significant increases in the finite-time maximal Lyapunov between unfatigued walking and submaximal fatigued walking were observed.The results indicate that 1) young and sporty subjects become more stable after having passed a maximum cardiopulmonary exercise test on a cycle ergometer while 2) older individuals walk less locally stable in a submaximal fatigued condition. Older cohorts might show a higher fall risk when they are physically fatigued.
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An Examination of Sources of Variability Across the Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant Test in Cochlear Implant Listeners
The 10 consonant-nucleus-consonant (CNC) word lists are considered the gold standard in the testing of cochlear implant (CI) users. However, variance in scores across lists could degrade the sensitivity and reliability of them to identify deficits in speech perception. This study examined the relationship between variability in performance among lists and the lexical characteristics of the words. Data are from 28 adult CI users. Each subject was tested on all 10 CNC word lists. Data were analyzed in terms of lexical characteristics, lexical frequency, neighborhood density, bi-, and tri-phonemic probabilities. To determine whether individual performance variability across lists can be reduced, the standard set of 10 phonetically balanced 50-word lists was redistributed into a new set of lists using two sampling strategies: (a) balancing with respect to word lexical frequency or (b) selecting words with equal probability. The mean performance on the CNC lists varied from 53.1% to 62.4% correct. The average difference between the highest and lowest scores within individuals across the lists was 20.9% (from 12% to 28%). Lexical frequency and bi-phonemic probabilities were correlated with word recognition performance. The range of scores was not significantly reduced for all individuals when responses were simulated with 1,000 sets of redistributed lists, using both types of sampling methods. These results indicate that resampling of words does not affect the test–retest reliability and diagnostic value of the CNC word test.
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An Examination of Sources of Variability Across the Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant Test in Cochlear Implant Listeners
The 10 consonant-nucleus-consonant (CNC) word lists are considered the gold standard in the testing of cochlear implant (CI) users. However, variance in scores across lists could degrade the sensitivity and reliability of them to identify deficits in speech perception. This study examined the relationship between variability in performance among lists and the lexical characteristics of the words. Data are from 28 adult CI users. Each subject was tested on all 10 CNC word lists. Data were analyzed in terms of lexical characteristics, lexical frequency, neighborhood density, bi-, and tri-phonemic probabilities. To determine whether individual performance variability across lists can be reduced, the standard set of 10 phonetically balanced 50-word lists was redistributed into a new set of lists using two sampling strategies: (a) balancing with respect to word lexical frequency or (b) selecting words with equal probability. The mean performance on the CNC lists varied from 53.1% to 62.4% correct. The average difference between the highest and lowest scores within individuals across the lists was 20.9% (from 12% to 28%). Lexical frequency and bi-phonemic probabilities were correlated with word recognition performance. The range of scores was not significantly reduced for all individuals when responses were simulated with 1,000 sets of redistributed lists, using both types of sampling methods. These results indicate that resampling of words does not affect the test–retest reliability and diagnostic value of the CNC word test.
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An Examination of Sources of Variability Across the Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant Test in Cochlear Implant Listeners
The 10 consonant-nucleus-consonant (CNC) word lists are considered the gold standard in the testing of cochlear implant (CI) users. However, variance in scores across lists could degrade the sensitivity and reliability of them to identify deficits in speech perception. This study examined the relationship between variability in performance among lists and the lexical characteristics of the words. Data are from 28 adult CI users. Each subject was tested on all 10 CNC word lists. Data were analyzed in terms of lexical characteristics, lexical frequency, neighborhood density, bi-, and tri-phonemic probabilities. To determine whether individual performance variability across lists can be reduced, the standard set of 10 phonetically balanced 50-word lists was redistributed into a new set of lists using two sampling strategies: (a) balancing with respect to word lexical frequency or (b) selecting words with equal probability. The mean performance on the CNC lists varied from 53.1% to 62.4% correct. The average difference between the highest and lowest scores within individuals across the lists was 20.9% (from 12% to 28%). Lexical frequency and bi-phonemic probabilities were correlated with word recognition performance. The range of scores was not significantly reduced for all individuals when responses were simulated with 1,000 sets of redistributed lists, using both types of sampling methods. These results indicate that resampling of words does not affect the test–retest reliability and diagnostic value of the CNC word test.
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Physiologic and Acoustic Effects of Opera Performance
Publication date: Available online 18 May 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Paul E. Kwak, C. Richard Stasney, Jeremy R. Hathway, Danielle Guffey, Charles G. Minard, Julina Ongkasuwan
Introduction/HypothesisOpera performance is physiological and emotional, and singing performers utilize their larynges in often strenuous ways. Historically, the training of a classical voice has been considered the paragon of healthy singing. However, the natural history of a performing larynx has not been studied systematically. There is paucity of scientific studies to guide practice patterns, particularly with regard to the course and extent of post-performance physiologic and acoustic changes.Study DesignA prospective case series was carried out.MethodsPrincipal singers in the Houston Grand Opera's 2012–2013 repertory were enlisted, for a total of seven singers. Stroboscopy was performed prior to the start of rehearsals, and at the completion of the opera's run. Data points included erythema, edema, masses or lesions, mucosal waveform, supraglottic posture; acoustic measurements were also performed.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in the mucosal wave on pre- and postperformance stroboscopic examinations. Acoustical measures did not achieve statistical significance, but there was a trend toward increased harmonic-to-noise ratio in postperformance measures, as well as decreased frequency range and reading F0. Measures of intra- and inter-rater reliability indicated varying levels of intra-rater reliability, and generally poor inter-rater reliability.ConclusionsThis pilot study describes physiologic and acoustic changes that may occur over the course of a series of rehearsals and performances in the operatic larynx. In so doing, it highlights a need for larger studies with increased frequency of serial examinations to study in a systematized way what may be natural reactive changes that occur during performance.
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Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Paul E. Kwak, C. Richard Stasney, Jeremy R. Hathway, Danielle Guffey, Charles G. Minard, Julina Ongkasuwan
Introduction/HypothesisOpera performance is physiological and emotional, and singing performers utilize their larynges in often strenuous ways. Historically, the training of a classical voice has been considered the paragon of healthy singing. However, the natural history of a performing larynx has not been studied systematically. There is paucity of scientific studies to guide practice patterns, particularly with regard to the course and extent of post-performance physiologic and acoustic changes.Study DesignA prospective case series was carried out.MethodsPrincipal singers in the Houston Grand Opera's 2012–2013 repertory were enlisted, for a total of seven singers. Stroboscopy was performed prior to the start of rehearsals, and at the completion of the opera's run. Data points included erythema, edema, masses or lesions, mucosal waveform, supraglottic posture; acoustic measurements were also performed.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in the mucosal wave on pre- and postperformance stroboscopic examinations. Acoustical measures did not achieve statistical significance, but there was a trend toward increased harmonic-to-noise ratio in postperformance measures, as well as decreased frequency range and reading F0. Measures of intra- and inter-rater reliability indicated varying levels of intra-rater reliability, and generally poor inter-rater reliability.ConclusionsThis pilot study describes physiologic and acoustic changes that may occur over the course of a series of rehearsals and performances in the operatic larynx. In so doing, it highlights a need for larger studies with increased frequency of serial examinations to study in a systematized way what may be natural reactive changes that occur during performance.
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Regeneration of hair cells in the mammalian vestibular system.
Regeneration of hair cells in the mammalian vestibular system.
Front Med. 2016 May 17;
Authors: Li W, You D, Chen Y, Chai R, Li H
Abstract
Hair cells regenerate throughout the lifetime of non-mammalian vertebrates, allowing these animals to recover from hearing and balance deficits. Such regeneration does not occur efficiently in humans and other mammals. Thus, balance deficits become permanent and is a common sensory disorder all over the world. Since Forge and Warchol discovered the limited spontaneous regeneration of vestibular hair cells after gentamicininduced damage in mature mammals, significant efforts have been exerted to trace the origin of the limited vestibular regeneration in mammals after hair cell loss. Moreover, recently many strategies have been developed to promote the hair cell regeneration and subsequent functional recovery of the vestibular system, including manipulating the Wnt, Notch and Atoh1. This article provides an overview of the recent advances in hair cell regeneration in mammalian vestibular epithelia. Furthermore, this review highlights the current limitations of hair cell regeneration and provides the possible solutions to regenerate functional hair cells and to partially restore vestibular function.
PMID: 27189205 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Communication patterns in audiologic rehabilitation history-taking: audiologists, patients, and their companions.
 |
Related Articles |
Communication patterns in audiologic rehabilitation history-taking: audiologists, patients, and their companions.
Ear Hear. 2015 Mar-Apr;36(2):191-204
Authors: Grenness C, Hickson L, Laplante-Lévesque A, Meyer C, Davidson B
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The nature of communication between patient and practitioner influences patient outcomes. Specifically, the history-taking phase of a consultation plays a role in the development of a relationship and in the success of subsequent shared decision making. There is limited research investigating patient-centered communication in audiology, and this study may be the first to investigate verbal communication in an adult audiologic rehabilitation context. This research aimed, first, to describe the nature of verbal communication involving audiologists, patients, and companions in the history-taking phase of initial audiology consultations and, second, to determine factors associated with communication dynamics.
DESIGN: Sixty-three initial audiology consultations involving patients over the age of 55, their companions when present, and audiologists were audio-video recorded. Consultations were coded using the Roter Interaction Analysis System and divided into three consultation phases: history, examination, and counseling. This study analyzed only the history-taking phase in terms of opening structure, communication profiles of each speaker, and communication dynamics. Associations between communication dynamics (verbal dominance, content balance, and communication control) and 11 variables were evaluated using Linear Mixed Model methods.
RESULTS: The mean length of the history-taking phase was 8.8 min (range 1.7 to 22.6). A companion was present in 27% of consultations. Results were grouped into three areas of communication: opening structure, information exchange, and relationship building. Examination of the history opening structure revealed audiologists' tendency to control the agenda by initiating consultations with a closed-ended question 62% of the time, followed by interruption of patient talk after 21.3 sec, on average. The aforementioned behaviors were associated with increased verbal dominance throughout the history and increased control over the content of questions. For the remainder of the history, audiologists asked 97% of the questions and did so primarily in closed-ended form. This resulted in the audiologist talking as much as the patient and much more than the companions when they were present. Questions asked by the audiologist were balanced in topic: biomedical and psychosocial/lifestyle; however, few emotionally focused utterances were observed from any speaker (less than 5% of utter ances).
CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of verbal communication involving audiologists, patients, and companions in the history-taking phase in 63 initial audiology consultations revealed a communicative exchange that was audiologist-controlled and structured, but covered both medical and lifestyle content. Audiologists often attempted to create a relationship with their patients; however, little emotional relationship building occurred, which may have implications later in the consultation when management decisions are being made. These results are not in line with patient-centered communication principles. Further research and changes to clinical practice are warranted to transform patient-centered communication from an ideal to a reality.
PMID: 25285960 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Investigations into audiovestibular manifestations in patients with psoriatic arthritis.
 |
Related Articles |
Investigations into audiovestibular manifestations in patients with psoriatic arthritis.
J Rheumatol. 2014 Oct;41(10):2018-26
Authors: Amor-Dorado JC, Barreira-Fernandez MP, Pina T, Vázquez-Rodríguez TR, Llorca J, González-Gay MA
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Although psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a common chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease, little is known about audiovestibular impairment in this condition. We aimed to establish whether audiovestibular manifestations were present in patients with PsA.
METHODS: A set of 60 consecutive patients who fulfilled the Moll and Wright criteria for PsA and 60 matched controls were studied. During the period of recruitment, individuals were excluded who had a history of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular complications, peripheral artery disease, renal insufficiency, syphilis, Meniere disease and other vestibular syndromes, infections involving the inner ear, barotrauma, or were in treatment with ototoxic drugs.
RESULTS: Most patients with PsA were men (63%). The mean age at the time of our study was 52.9 years and the mean age at the onset of symptoms was 33 years. Thirty-six (60%) of the 60 patients showed abnormal hearing loss in the audiogram compared to only 5 (8.3%) of the 60 controls (p < 0.001). Values of audiometric tests (pure-tone average and speech reception threshold) yielded significant differences between patients and controls (p < 0.001). The audiogram disclosed a bilateral and symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in PsA with predominant pattern of high frequency SNHL in patients with PsA (46.7%) compared to controls (8.3%, p < 0.001). Patients with PsA exhibited abnormal vestibular tests more commonly than controls. A significantly increased frequency of abnormal computerized dynamic posturography with a predominant vestibular loss pattern was also observed in patients (23.3%) compared to controls (0%, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Our current study demonstrates strong evidence for inner ear damage in patients with PsA.
PMID: 25179845 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Regeneration of hair cells in the mammalian vestibular system.
Regeneration of hair cells in the mammalian vestibular system.
Front Med. 2016 May 17;
Authors: Li W, You D, Chen Y, Chai R, Li H
Abstract
Hair cells regenerate throughout the lifetime of non-mammalian vertebrates, allowing these animals to recover from hearing and balance deficits. Such regeneration does not occur efficiently in humans and other mammals. Thus, balance deficits become permanent and is a common sensory disorder all over the world. Since Forge and Warchol discovered the limited spontaneous regeneration of vestibular hair cells after gentamicininduced damage in mature mammals, significant efforts have been exerted to trace the origin of the limited vestibular regeneration in mammals after hair cell loss. Moreover, recently many strategies have been developed to promote the hair cell regeneration and subsequent functional recovery of the vestibular system, including manipulating the Wnt, Notch and Atoh1. This article provides an overview of the recent advances in hair cell regeneration in mammalian vestibular epithelia. Furthermore, this review highlights the current limitations of hair cell regeneration and provides the possible solutions to regenerate functional hair cells and to partially restore vestibular function.
PMID: 27189205 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Communication patterns in audiologic rehabilitation history-taking: audiologists, patients, and their companions.
|
Related Articles |
Communication patterns in audiologic rehabilitation history-taking: audiologists, patients, and their companions.
Ear Hear. 2015 Mar-Apr;36(2):191-204
Authors: Grenness C, Hickson L, Laplante-Lévesque A, Meyer C, Davidson B
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The nature of communication between patient and practitioner influences patient outcomes. Specifically, the history-taking phase of a consultation plays a role in the development of a relationship and in the success of subsequent shared decision making. There is limited research investigating patient-centered communication in audiology, and this study may be the first to investigate verbal communication in an adult audiologic rehabilitation context. This research aimed, first, to describe the nature of verbal communication involving audiologists, patients, and companions in the history-taking phase of initial audiology consultations and, second, to determine factors associated with communication dynamics.
DESIGN: Sixty-three initial audiology consultations involving patients over the age of 55, their companions when present, and audiologists were audio-video recorded. Consultations were coded using the Roter Interaction Analysis System and divided into three consultation phases: history, examination, and counseling. This study analyzed only the history-taking phase in terms of opening structure, communication profiles of each speaker, and communication dynamics. Associations between communication dynamics (verbal dominance, content balance, and communication control) and 11 variables were evaluated using Linear Mixed Model methods.
RESULTS: The mean length of the history-taking phase was 8.8 min (range 1.7 to 22.6). A companion was present in 27% of consultations. Results were grouped into three areas of communication: opening structure, information exchange, and relationship building. Examination of the history opening structure revealed audiologists' tendency to control the agenda by initiating consultations with a closed-ended question 62% of the time, followed by interruption of patient talk after 21.3 sec, on average. The aforementioned behaviors were associated with increased verbal dominance throughout the history and increased control over the content of questions. For the remainder of the history, audiologists asked 97% of the questions and did so primarily in closed-ended form. This resulted in the audiologist talking as much as the patient and much more than the companions when they were present. Questions asked by the audiologist were balanced in topic: biomedical and psychosocial/lifestyle; however, few emotionally focused utterances were observed from any speaker (less than 5% of utter ances).
CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of verbal communication involving audiologists, patients, and companions in the history-taking phase in 63 initial audiology consultations revealed a communicative exchange that was audiologist-controlled and structured, but covered both medical and lifestyle content. Audiologists often attempted to create a relationship with their patients; however, little emotional relationship building occurred, which may have implications later in the consultation when management decisions are being made. These results are not in line with patient-centered communication principles. Further research and changes to clinical practice are warranted to transform patient-centered communication from an ideal to a reality.
PMID: 25285960 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Investigations into audiovestibular manifestations in patients with psoriatic arthritis.
|
Related Articles |
Investigations into audiovestibular manifestations in patients with psoriatic arthritis.
J Rheumatol. 2014 Oct;41(10):2018-26
Authors: Amor-Dorado JC, Barreira-Fernandez MP, Pina T, Vázquez-Rodríguez TR, Llorca J, González-Gay MA
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Although psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a common chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease, little is known about audiovestibular impairment in this condition. We aimed to establish whether audiovestibular manifestations were present in patients with PsA.
METHODS: A set of 60 consecutive patients who fulfilled the Moll and Wright criteria for PsA and 60 matched controls were studied. During the period of recruitment, individuals were excluded who had a history of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular complications, peripheral artery disease, renal insufficiency, syphilis, Meniere disease and other vestibular syndromes, infections involving the inner ear, barotrauma, or were in treatment with ototoxic drugs.
RESULTS: Most patients with PsA were men (63%). The mean age at the time of our study was 52.9 years and the mean age at the onset of symptoms was 33 years. Thirty-six (60%) of the 60 patients showed abnormal hearing loss in the audiogram compared to only 5 (8.3%) of the 60 controls (p < 0.001). Values of audiometric tests (pure-tone average and speech reception threshold) yielded significant differences between patients and controls (p < 0.001). The audiogram disclosed a bilateral and symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in PsA with predominant pattern of high frequency SNHL in patients with PsA (46.7%) compared to controls (8.3%, p < 0.001). Patients with PsA exhibited abnormal vestibular tests more commonly than controls. A significantly increased frequency of abnormal computerized dynamic posturography with a predominant vestibular loss pattern was also observed in patients (23.3%) compared to controls (0%, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Our current study demonstrates strong evidence for inner ear damage in patients with PsA.
PMID: 25179845 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Comparison of risk factors in newborn hearing screening in a developing country.
| Related Articles |
Comparison of risk factors in newborn hearing screening in a developing country.
Turk J Pediatr. 2015 Jul-Aug;57(4):334-338
Authors: Acar B, Ocak E, Acar M, Kocaöz D
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of the newborn-hearing screening program (NHSP) in our institute, investigate the risk factors and their correlation to congenital hearing loss (CHL). Newborns who admitted to our clinic for NHSP from June 2014 to December 2014 were included in the study. After the test parents were asked to fill a questionnaire about the risk factors of CHL. Test results and referral rate were compared with risk factors. One thousand consecutive babies were included in the study. The overall referral rate was 3.5%. Mechanic ventilation, history of familial CHL and familial consanguinity were found to be significantly related to CHL.In the light of our results we can conclude that getting access to every newborn for hearing screening is mandatory and targeting the risk factors and informing the family about the follow-up period is important for diagnosing the delayed hearing impairment.
PMID: 27186694 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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A novel nonsense GPSM2 mutation in a Yemeni family underlying Chudley-McCullough syndrome.
| Related Articles |
A novel nonsense GPSM2 mutation in a Yemeni family underlying Chudley-McCullough syndrome.
Eur J Med Genet. 2016 May 11;
Authors: Hamzeh AR, Nair P, Mohamed M, Saif F, Tawfiq N, Al-Ali MT, Bastaki F
Abstract
Mutations in the G Protein Signaling Modulator 2 (GPSM2) cause the autosomal recessive disorder Chudley-McCullough syndrome (CMS), which is characterized by profound congenital sensorineural hearing loss with various abnormalities in the brain. This phenotypic combination is attributed to the role played by GPSM2 in the establishment of planar polarity and spindle orientation during asymmetric cell divisions. Here we present two brothers from a Yemeni family who were diagnosed clinically with CMS then tested for GPSM2 mutations using Sanger sequencing. Consequent to sequencing, in silico tools (such as CADD) were utilized to assess functional consequences. Molecular analysis revealed a previously unreported homozygous mutation in GPSM2 in both brothers (c.1055C > A) leading to a truncating protein change; (p.Ser352*). This mutation is predicted to abolish all four GoLoco domains in GPSM2 and this explains the bioinformatic prediction for this mutation to be functionally damaging. Full clinical and molecular accounts of the novel mutation are provided in this paper.
PMID: 27180139 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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American parent perspectives on quality of life in pediatric cochlear implant recipients.
|
Related Articles |
American parent perspectives on quality of life in pediatric cochlear implant recipients.
Ear Hear. 2015 Mar-Apr;36(2):269-78
Authors: Kumar R, Warner-Czyz A, Silver CH, Loy B, Tobey E
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Cochlear implantation influences not only communication but also psychosocial outcomes in children with severe to profound hearing loss. Focusing on issues specific to cochlear implantation (e.g., self-reliance, social relations, education, effects of implantation, and supporting the child) may provide a more accurate and relative view of functional status of pediatric cochlear implant (CI) recipients. The present study analyzes parental perspectives of CI-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with CIs to determine (a) if parents differentially rate their child's quality of life according to psychosocial domain (e.g., communication, self-reliance, education); (b) if associations exist between quality of life domains specific to cochlear implantation in pediatric implant recipients; and (c) if demographic variables (i.e., chronologic age, age at cochlear implantation, duration of device experience) mediate parent ratings of quality of life in pediatric CI recipients.
DESIGN: Parents of 33 children with CIs (mean age, 9.85 years; mean age of CI activation, 2.47 years; mean device experience, 7.47 years) completed a validated condition-specific questionnaire, Children With Cochlear Implants: Parental Perspectives.
RESULTS: Parents positively rated most HRQoL domains, although education and effects of implantation received significantly less positive ratings (p < 0.01). Three domains (communication, self-reliance, and well-being) significantly correlated with at least 5 other domains, suggesting that positivity in one domain co-occurs with positivity in other domains. Demographic variables (chronologic age, CI activation age, and duration of CI use) did not correlate significantly with psychosocial outcomes; rather, parents reported positive HRQoL and successful functional use of CI across demographic variables.
CONCLUSIONS: Parents of children and adolescents with CIs rate overall HRQoL positively across psychosocial domains. Significantly less positive ratings of education and effects of implantation may result from limited access to CI-related accommodations and varying parent expectations, warranting further exploration to maximize psychosocial and performance outcomes in pediatric CI users.
PMID: 25377531 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Synchrony of maternal auditory and visual cues about unknown words to children with and without cochlear implants.
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Synchrony of maternal auditory and visual cues about unknown words to children with and without cochlear implants.
Ear Hear. 2015 Mar-Apr;36(2):229-38
Authors: Lund E, Schuele CM
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare types of maternal auditory-visual input about word referents available to children with cochlear implants, children with normal hearing matched for age, and children with normal hearing matched for vocabulary size. Although other works have considered the acoustic qualities of maternal input provided to children with cochlear implants, this study is the first to consider auditory-visual maternal input provided to children with cochlear implants.
DESIGN: Participants included 30 mother-child dyads from three groups: children who wore cochlear implants (n = 10 dyads), children matched for chronological age (n = 10 dyads), and children matched for expressive vocabulary size (n = 10 dyads). All participants came from English-speaking families, with the families of children with hearing loss committed to developing listening and spoken language skills (not sign language). All mothers had normal hearing. Mother-child interactions were video recorded during mealtimes in the home. Each dyad participated in two mealtime observations. Maternal utterances were transcribed and coded for (a) nouns produced, (b) child-directed utterances, (c) nouns unknown to children per maternal report, and (d) auditory and visual cues provided about referents for unknown nouns. Auditory and visual cues were coded as either converging, diverging, or auditory-only.
RESULTS: Mothers of children with cochlear implants provided percentages of converging and diverging cues that were similar to the percentages of mothers of children matched for chronological age. Mothers of children matched for vocabulary size, on the other hand, provided a higher percentage of converging auditory-visual cues and lower percentage of diverging cues than did mothers of children with cochlear implants. Groups did not differ in provision of auditory-only cues.
CONCLUSIONS: The present study represents the first step toward identification of environmental input characteristics that may affect lexical learning outcomes of children with cochlear implants. Given that children with cochlear implants demonstrate slower rates of lexical growth than children with normal hearing, the findings from this study provide an important direction for further investigation of how environmental factors affect lexical outcomes for this population. If mothers can provide auditory and visual cues to increase the salience of a relevant object in word-learning contexts, they may be able to facilitate the language growth of their children.
PMID: 25285961 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Targeting regional pediatric congenital hearing loss using a spatial scan statistic.
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Targeting regional pediatric congenital hearing loss using a spatial scan statistic.
Ear Hear. 2015 Mar-Apr;36(2):212-6
Authors: Bush ML, Christian WJ, Bianchi K, Lester C, Schoenberg N
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Congenital hearing loss is a common problem, and timely identification and intervention are paramount for language development. Patients from rural regions may have many barriers to timely diagnosis and intervention. The purpose of this study was to examine the spatial and hospital-based distribution of failed infant hearing screening testing and pediatric congenital hearing loss throughout Kentucky.
DESIGN: Data on live births and audiological reporting of infant hearing loss results in Kentucky from 2009 to 2011 were analyzed. The authors used spatial scan statistics to identify high-rate clusters of failed newborn screening tests and permanent congenital hearing loss (PCHL), based on the total number of live births per county. The authors conducted further analyses on PCHL and failed newborn hearing screening tests, based on birth hospital data and method of screening.
RESULTS: The authors observed four statistically significant (p < 0.05) high-rate clusters with failed newborn hearing screenings in Kentucky, including two in the Appalachian region. Hospitals using two-stage otoacoustic emission testing demonstrated higher rates of failed screening (p = 0.009) than those using two-stage automated auditory brainstem response testing. A significant cluster of high rate of PCHL was observed in Western Kentucky. Five of the 54 birthing hospitals were found to have higher relative risk of PCHL, and two of those hospitals are located in a very rural region of Western Kentucky within the cluster.
CONCLUSIONS: This spatial analysis in children in Kentucky has identified specific regions throughout the state with high rates of congenital hearing loss and failed newborn hearing screening tests. Further investigation regarding causative factors is warranted. This method of analysis can be useful in the setting of hearing health disparities to focus efforts on regions facing high incidence of congenital hearing loss.
PMID: 25225918 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Vibrotactile Presentation of Musical Notes to the Glabrous Skin for Adults with Normal Hearing or a Hearing Impairment: Thresholds, Dynamic Range and High-Frequency Perception
by Carl Hopkins, Saúl Maté-Cid, Robert Fulford, Gary Seiffert, Jane Ginsborg
Presentation of music as vibration to the skin has the potential to facilitate interaction between musicians with hearing impairments and other musicians during group performance. Vibrotactile thresholds have been determined to assess the potential for vibrotactile presentation of music to the glabrous skin of the fingertip, forefoot and heel. No significant differences were found between the thresholds for sinusoids representing notes between C1 and C6 when presented to the fingertip of participants with normal hearing and with a severe or profound hearing loss. For participants with normal hearing, thresholds for notes between C1 and C6 showed the characteristic U-shape curve for the fingertip, but not for the forefoot and heel. Compared to the fingertip, the forefoot had lower thresholds between C1 and C3, and the heel had lower thresholds between C1 and G2; this is attributed to spatial summation from the Pacinian receptors over the larger contactor area used for the forefoot and heel. Participants with normal hearing assessed the perception of high-frequency vibration using 1s sinusoids presented to the fingertip and were found to be more aware of transient vibration at the beginning and/or end of notes between G4 and C6 when stimuli were presented 10dB above threshold, rather than at threshold. An average of 94% of these participants reported feeling continuous vibration between G4 and G5 with stimuli presented 10dB above threshold. Based on the experimental findings and consideration of health effects relating to vibration exposure, a suitable range of notes for vibrotactile presentation of music is identified as being from C1 to G5. This is more limited than for human hearing but the fundamental frequencies of the human voice, and the notes played by many instruments, lie within it. However, the dynamic range might require compression to avoid the negative effects of amplitude on pitch perception.from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/250ea4I
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Known-Groups and Concurrent Validity of the Mandarin Tone Identification Test (MTIT)
by Shufeng Zhu, Lena L. N. Wong, Fei Chen, Yuan Chen, Bin Wang
ObjectiveThe Mandarin Tone Identification Test (MTIT) is a new test designed to assess the tone identification abilities of children with hearing impairment (HI). Evidence for reliability and sensitivity has been reported. The present study aimed to evaluate the known-groups and concurrent validity of the MTIT.
DesignThe MTIT and Mandarin Pediatric Speech Intelligibility test (MPSI) were administered in quiet and in noise conditions. The known-groups validity was evaluated by comparing the performance of the MTIT on children with two different levels of HI. The MPSI was included to evaluate the concurrent validity of the MTIT.
Study sample81 children with HI were recruited in the present study. They were Mandarin-speaking children with profound HI (mean age = 9; 0, n = 41) and with moderate to severe HI (mean age = 8; 9, n = 40).
ResultsScores on the MTIT differed between the two groups with different hearing levels suggesting good known-groups validity. A strong relationship between tone and sentence perception both in quiet and in noise provided preliminary evidence for concurrent validity.
ConclusionsThe present study confirmed that the MTIT has good known-groups validity and provided preliminary evidence for concurrent validity. The MTIT could be used to evaluate tone identification ability in children with HI with confidence.
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Cisplatin may cause more permanent hearing loss in people with Cockayne syndrome
Chemotherapy drug cisplatin is used to treat breast, prostate, neuroblastoma, melanoma and many other cancers.
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Cisplatin may cause more permanent hearing loss in people with Cockayne syndrome
Chemotherapy drug cisplatin is used to treat breast, prostate, neuroblastoma, melanoma and many other cancers.
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Cisplatin may cause more permanent hearing loss in people with Cockayne syndrome
Chemotherapy drug cisplatin is used to treat breast, prostate, neuroblastoma, melanoma and many other cancers.
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