Τετάρτη 14 Δεκεμβρίου 2022

Physiopathology of peri‐implant diseases

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader

Abstract

Background

Peri-implant health is characterized by the absence of clinical signs of soft tissue inflammation. Peri-implant diseases are initiated by the presence of bacterial biofilms and share a similar etiology as that involved in the onset of periodontal diseases.

Purpose

To summarize available evidence on the physiopathology of peri-implant diseases with emphasis on similarities and differences with periodontal diseases.

Materials and Methods

Evidence on the biologic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis were explored in the recent scientific literature.

Results

Findings of studies in animals and in humans indicate that experimental peri-implant mucositis leads to a larger inflammatory connective tissue infiltrate and to a higher frequency of bleeding sites around implants compared with teeth. Tissue destruction at experimental peri-implantitis sites is more pronounced compared with that at experimental periodontitis sites. Although human periodontitis and peri-implantitis lesions share similarities with respect to etiology and clinical features, they represent distinct entities from a physiopathologic point of view.

Conclusions

Diagnosis of peri-implant health requires a clinical examination to confirm absence of peri-implant soft tissue inflammation. In order to make a correct diagnosis and select the appropriate therapeutic steps to manage peri-implant diseases, knowledge of their pathogenetic mechanisms is required.

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Exome Sequencing Expands the Genetic Diagnostic Spectrum for Pediatric Hearing Loss

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader
Exome Sequencing Expands the Genetic Diagnostic Spectrum for Pediatric Hearing Loss

We describe the results of exome sequencing for genetic diagnosis of hearing loss among a clinically heterogeneous cohort of 218 pediatric patients. We found a higher diagnostic rate for unilateral hearing loss than previously reported as well as a significant number of syndromic forms of hearing loss. Based on these results, we advocate for expanded access to genetic testing for phenotypically diverse hearing loss patients.


Objectives

Genetic testing is the standard-of-care for diagnostic evaluation of bilateral, symmetric, sensorineural hearing loss (HL). We sought to determine the efficacy of a comprehensive genetic testing method, exome sequencing (ES), in a heterogeneous pediatric patient population with bilateral symmetric, bilateral asymmetric, and unilateral HL.

Methods

Trio-based ES was performed for pediatric patients with confirmed HL including those with symmetric, asymmetric, and unilateral HL.

Results

ES was completed for 218 probands. A genetic cause was identified for 31.2% of probands (n = 68). The diagnostic rate was 40.7% for bilateral HL, 23.1% for asymmetric HL, and 18.3% for unilateral HL, with syndromic diagnoses made in 20.8%, 33.3%, and 54.5% of cases in each group, respectively. Secondary or incidental findings were identified in 10 families (5.52%).

Conclusion

ES is an effective method for genetic diagnosis for HL including phenotypically diverse patients and allows the identification of secondary findings, discovery of deafness-causing genes, and the potential for efficient data re-analysis.

Level of Evidence

Level IV Laryngoscope, 2022

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Induced Paresis for Awake Laryngoscopy Procedures

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Induced Paresis for Awake Laryngoscopy Procedures

This article describes an anesthetic technique that induces temporary adductor vocal fold paresis and dense sensory loss of the posterior glottis. This method allows for improved precision of treatment and patient tolerance during awake office-based laryngeal surgery.


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