Functional laryngectomy for the dysfunctional larynx: indications and outcomes in setting of prior chemoradiotherapy

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Functional laryngectomy for the dysfunctional larynx: indications and outcomes in setting of prior chemoradiotherapy Via Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery - Current Issue Purpose of review To review the recent literature on indications for and functional outcomes following laryngectomy for severe laryngeal dysfunction. Recent findings The use of functional laryngectomy as a definitive treatment for severe laryngeal dysfunction is increasing as more patients with head and neck cancer are treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy. Data are emerging on the efficacy of this technique as measured by aspiration, recurrent pneumonias, enteral tube feeding dependence, and surgical complication rates. Though most patients have marked improvement in aspiration and oral intake, difficulties in swallowing and voicing functions may persist. Summary Functional laryngectomy is an effective treatment for end-stage laryngeal dysfunction. There is a clear benefit with regard to prevention of aspiration and alleviation of nothing by mouth status. However, qualitative speech and swallowing outcomes are less well studied, though available data suggest that many patients still suffer some degree of continued chronic impairment. More research is needed on these outcomes in order to appropriately counsel patients regarding long-term functional outcomes. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

5-Aminolevulinic acid combined with ferrous iron improves glucose tolerance in high-fat diet-fed mice via upregulation of glucose transporter 1

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader 5-Aminolevulinic acid combined with ferrous iron improves glucose tolerance in high-fat diet-fed mice via upregulation of glucose transporter 1 Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2021 Dec;22(6):1454. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10889. Epub 2021 Oct 15. ABSTRACT Decreased mitochondrial metabolism suppresses glucose metabolism, resulting in obesity and diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate mechanisms underlying the 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) hydrochloride-mediated increase in glucose uptake in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice in vivo and C2C12 myotube cells in vitro. C57BL/6N male mice (20 weeks old) were fed either HFD or normal diet (ND) for 4 weeks. A total of five HFD-fed mice were orally administered with 300 mg/kg 5-ALA hydrochloride and 47.1 mg/kg sodium ferrous citrate (SFC; HFD + 5-ALA/SFC), whereas ND and other HFD-fed mice were orally administered with saline. After 4 weeks, these mice were intraperitoneally administered with 2 g/kg glucose and 3.2 mg/kg 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) for intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and glucose uptake test. Body weights, plasma glucose levels and the area under the curve of IPGTT were lower in mice treated with HFD + 5-ALA/SFC compared with in those treated with HFD alone. 2DG uptake in the gastrocnemius muscle and heart were more significantly improved in the HFD + 5-ALA/SFC mice compared with the HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, 5-ALA/SFC increased 2DG uptake in C2C12 cells to a similar level to the insulin-treated group. Moreover, it increased glucose transport (GLUT)1 translocation in the plasma membrane by 2.5-fold relative to the controls without affecting GLUT1 expression; however, it had no effect on GLUT4 translocation. Therefore, 5-ALA/SFC enhanced gastrocnemius and cardiac glucose uptake in HFD-fed mice, and upregulated GLUT1 translocation to the plasma membrane, but not GLUT4 in C2C12 myotube cells. Therefore, it could potentially be used as a novel drug for the treatment of diabetes. PMID:34737794 | PMC:PMC8561763 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2021.10889 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Large thyroid nodules: should size alone matter?

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Large thyroid nodules: should size alone matter? Via http://link.springer.com/journal/405,European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology,The European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Nov 5. doi: 10.1007/s00405-021-07151-3. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The management of thyroid nodules ≥ 4 cm is controversial due to conflicting evidence on the prevalence of malignancy and diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Some literature recommends routine excision of large thyroid nodules due to high cytology false negative rates (FNR). We aim to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC, prevalence of malignancy in large (≥ 4 cm) thyroid nodules compared to nodules < 4 cm, and the clinical and ultrasound characteristics of those large nodules with false negative cytology. METHODS: This was a retrospective case-log review in a tertiary referral hospital. All thyroid nodules subjected to Ultrasound (US)-guided FNAC by the Interventional Radiology department between December 2011 and November 2017 were included. Data on patient demographics, th yroid US features, cytology findings, and surgical histology were collected and analyzed. Sensitivity, specificity, and FNR were calculated based on FNAC results and final post-operative histology. Factors associated with a false negative result were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: A total of 4982 nodules were studied, including 4419 < 4 cm and 563 ≥ 4 cm. Malignancy rates were similar in both groups. For nodules ≥ 4 cm, FNAC sensitivity was 40%, specificity 100%, and FNR 6.6% compared to 4.2% in nodules < 4 cm. Within malignant nodules, there was a significantly higher proportion of follicular and Hurthle cell carcinomas in nodules ≥ 4 cm. Amongst nodules ≥ 4 cm, multivariate analysis revealed male gender to be an independent predictor of FNR (OR 3.32; 95% CI 1.29-8.59). CONCLUSION: Larger nodules ≥ 4 cm have a similar malignancy rate as nodules < 4 cm, and FNAC FNR is low at 6.6%. Management of large thyroid nodules shou ld be individualized based on their clinical, sonographic and cytological features rather than routine surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3. PMID:34739578 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-021-07151-3 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

A hitchhiking approach to reconstruct the finger pulp and the subsequent 1st toe hemi-pulp donor site defect

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader A hitchhiking approach to reconstruct the finger pulp and the subsequent 1st toe hemi-pulp donor site defect Via Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2021 Oct 7:S1748-6815(21)00451-4. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.09.008. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The free 1st toe hemi-pulp transfer for finger pulp reconstruction was acknowledged as the optimal one. However, the treatment of the 1st toe donor defect, owning to the impossibility of primary closure, was frequently oversimplified. This study presented a "hitchhiking" approach to resurface finger pulp and the subsequent 1st toe donor site defect in a one-stage procedure. METHODS: From 2014 to 2019, finger pulp amputations (13 digits in 12 patients) were reconstructed with free 1st toe pulp flaps, and the donor site was resurfaced by the 2nd toe pedicled flap with the 2nd toe's primary closure. Therapeutic evaluation of repaired fingers and toes was based on cold intolerance, two-point discrimination (2PD), and gait disturbance. RESULTS: All finger and toe pulp flaps survived uneven tfully. The average size of free 1st toe and pedicled 2nd toe flap was 3.1 cm × 2.0 cm (3.5 cm × 1.4 cm to 4.2 cm × 2.5 cm) and 3.0 cm × 1.1 cm (2.0 cm × 0.9 cm to 3.8 cm × 1.5 cm), respectively. The regained average static 2PD on the finger and 1st toe pulps was 6 mm (ranged 5-10 mm) and 4 mm (ranged 2-6 mm), respectively. All reconstructed 1st toe pulps were qualified for normal gait. One patient complained the mild cold intolerance, and hammer-toe deformities were involved in two cases. CONCLUSION: To fulfill donor site care and cost-effective rule, the toe-to-finger pulp reconstruction can't underestimate the morbidity on 1st toe donor site due to inappropriate intervention. Equally importantly, the hitchhiking pedicled 2nd toe flap should be recruited in the reconstructive scheme. PMID:34740566 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2021.09.008 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

BRAF V600E mutation is associated with aggressive features in papillary thyroid carcinomas ≤ 1.5 cm

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader BRAF V600E mutation is associated with aggressive features in papillary thyroid carcinomas ≤ 1.5 cm Via Journal of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery While some studies suggest that the BRAF V600E mutation correlates with a high-risk phenotype in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), more evidence is necessary before this mutation can be used to help guide ... View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.