Effect of Cigarette Smoking and Passive Smoking on Hearing Impairment: Data from a Population–Based Study

by Jiwon Chang, Namhyung Ryou, Hyung Jin Jun, Soon Young Hwang, Jae-Jun Song, Sung Won Chae

Objectives

In the present study, we aimed to determine the effect of both active and passive smoking on the prevalence of the hearing impairment and the hearing thresholds in different age groups through the analysis of data collected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).

Study Design

Cross-sectional epidemiological study.

Methods

The KNHANES is an ongoing population study that started in 1998. We included a total of 12,935 participants aged ≥19 years in the KNHANES, from 2010 to 2012, in the present study. Pure-tone audiometric (PTA) testing was conducted and the frequencies tested were 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 kHz. Smoking status was categorized into three groups; current smoking group, passive smoking group and non-smoking group.

Results

In the current smoking group, the prevalence of speech-frequency bilateral hearing impairment was increased in ages of 40−69, and the rate of high frequency bilateral hearing impairment was elevated in ages of 30−79. When we investigated the impact of smoking on hearing thresholds, we found that the current smoking group had significantly increased hearing thresholds compared to the passive smoking group and non-smoking groups, across all ages in both speech-relevant and high frequencies. The passive smoking group did not have an elevated prevalence of either speech-frequency bilateral hearing impairment or high frequency bilateral hearing impairment, except in ages of 40s. However, the passive smoking group had higher hearing thresholds than the non-smoking group in the 30s and 40s age groups.

Conclusion

Current smoking was associated with hearing impairment in both speech-relevant frequency and high frequency across all ages. However, except in the ages of 40s, passive smoking was not related to hearing impairment in either speech-relevant or high frequencies.

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Vibroacoustics of orthotropic plates ribbed in both directions: Application to stiffened rectangular wood panels

This paper is focused on the vibroacoustic behavior of a rectangular ribbed wood panel. This is done by developing an analytical model based on a variational approach, taking into account the kinetic and strain energies of a special orthotropic plate, 11 ribs oriented in a first direction and 1 other strong stiffener oriented in the perpendicular direction, which are considered as beams tied to the plate. A modal decomposition is adopted on the basis of the simply supported orthotropic plate. This allows calculating the modes of the wood panel (ribbed modes) in the frequency range 0–5000 Hz. The acoustical radiation of the baffled panel is also calculated. The radiation coefficients of the ribbed modes are presented and compared, when possible, to similar unribbed plate modes. Finally, the vibroacoustic analysis of the structure shows that an excitation placed on the hard point makes the panel particularly radiative and decreases the apparent critical frequency.

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A multimodal spectral approach to characterize rhythm in natural speech

Human utterances demonstrate temporal patterning, also referred to as rhythm. While simple oromotor behaviors (e.g., chewing) feature a salient periodical structure, conversational speech displays a time-varying quasi-rhythmic pattern. Quantification of periodicity in speech is challenging. Unimodal spectral approaches have highlighted rhythmic aspects of speech. However, speech is a complex multimodal phenomenon that arises from the interplay of articulatory, respiratory, and vocal systems. The present study addressed the question of whether a multimodal spectral approach, in the form of coherenceanalysis between electromyographic (EMG) and acoustic signals, would allow one to characterize rhythm in natural speech more efficiently than a unimodal analysis. The main experimental task consisted of speech production at three speaking rates; a simple oromotor task served as control. The EMG–acoustic coherence emerged as a sensitive means of tracking speech rhythm, whereas spectral analysis of either EMG or acoustic amplitude envelope alone was less informative. Coherence metrics seem to distinguish and highlight rhythmic structure in natural speech.

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Decision-making and outcomes of hearing help-seekers: A self-determination theory perspective.

Decision-making and outcomes of hearing help-seekers: A self-determination theory perspective.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Jan 11;:1-10

Authors: Ridgway J, Hickson L, Lind C

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore the explanatory power of a self-determination theory (SDT) model of health behaviour change for hearing aid adoption decisions and fitting outcomes.
DESIGN: A quantitative approach was taken for this longitudinal cohort study. Participants completed questionnaires adapted from SDT that measured autonomous motivation, autonomy support, and perceived competence for hearing aids. Hearing aid fitting outcomes were obtained with the international outcomes inventory for hearing aids (IOI-HA). Sociodemographic and audiometric information was collected.
STUDY SAMPLE: Participants were 216 adult first-time hearing help-seekers (125 hearing aid adopters, 91 non-adopters).
RESULTS: Regression models assessed the impact of autonomous motivation and autonomy support on hearing aid adoption and hearing aid fitting outcomes. Sociodemographic and audiometric factors were also taken into account. Autonomous motivation, but not autonomy support, was associated with increased hearing aid adoption. Autonomy support was associated with increased perceived competence for hearing aids, reduced activity limitation and increased hearing aid satisfaction. Autonomous motivation was positively associated with hearing aid satisfaction.
CONCLUSION: The SDT model is potentially useful in understanding how hearing aid adoption decisions are made, and how hearing health behaviour is internalized and maintained over time. Autonomy supportive practitioners may improve outcomes by helping hearing aid adopters maintain internalized change.

PMID: 26750770 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Initial classification of pediatric hearing impairment using behavioral measures of early prelingual auditory development.

Initial classification of pediatric hearing impairment using behavioral measures of early prelingual auditory development.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Jan 11;:1-8

Authors: Liang S, Soli SD, Zheng Y, Li G, Meng Z

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Determine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of pediatric hearing loss classification using behavioral evidence of early prelingual auditory development (EPLAD). Validate behavioral measures of EPLAD.
DESIGN: EPLAD was assessed in a prospective sample of hearing-impaired children using the infant-toddler meaningful auditory integration scale (ITMAIS/MAIS). Hearing losses were classified using tone-burst auditory brainstem response (ABR) and ITMAIS/MAIS scores. This process was repeated in a second retrospective sample.
STUDY SAMPLE: The prospective sample was comprised of 139 hearing-impaired children under five years of age. Approximately equal proportions of mild-moderate, severe, and profound losses were included. The second retrospective sample was comprised of case records for 144 hearing-impaired children meeting the same selection criteria. This sample contained more than 80% profound losses.
RESULTS: EPLAD trajectories reached different asymptotes after two years of age, depending on the severity of hearing loss, allowing children over this age to be classified. The sensitivity of EPLAD classifications was over 90%; specificity was over 82%; and accuracy was over 88%.
CONCLUSIONS: Behavioral evidence of EPLAD provides an initial means of classifying pediatric hearing losses which can facilitate initial treatment options prior to diagnostic evaluation with tone-burst ABR.

PMID: 26750766 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Decision-making and outcomes of hearing help-seekers: A self-determination theory perspective.

Decision-making and outcomes of hearing help-seekers: A self-determination theory perspective.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Jan 11;:1-10

Authors: Ridgway J, Hickson L, Lind C

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore the explanatory power of a self-determination theory (SDT) model of health behaviour change for hearing aid adoption decisions and fitting outcomes.
DESIGN: A quantitative approach was taken for this longitudinal cohort study. Participants completed questionnaires adapted from SDT that measured autonomous motivation, autonomy support, and perceived competence for hearing aids. Hearing aid fitting outcomes were obtained with the international outcomes inventory for hearing aids (IOI-HA). Sociodemographic and audiometric information was collected.
STUDY SAMPLE: Participants were 216 adult first-time hearing help-seekers (125 hearing aid adopters, 91 non-adopters).
RESULTS: Regression models assessed the impact of autonomous motivation and autonomy support on hearing aid adoption and hearing aid fitting outcomes. Sociodemographic and audiometric factors were also taken into account. Autonomous motivation, but not autonomy support, was associated with increased hearing aid adoption. Autonomy support was associated with increased perceived competence for hearing aids, reduced activity limitation and increased hearing aid satisfaction. Autonomous motivation was positively associated with hearing aid satisfaction.
CONCLUSION: The SDT model is potentially useful in understanding how hearing aid adoption decisions are made, and how hearing health behaviour is internalized and maintained over time. Autonomy supportive practitioners may improve outcomes by helping hearing aid adopters maintain internalized change.

PMID: 26750770 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Initial classification of pediatric hearing impairment using behavioral measures of early prelingual auditory development.

Initial classification of pediatric hearing impairment using behavioral measures of early prelingual auditory development.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Jan 11;:1-8

Authors: Liang S, Soli SD, Zheng Y, Li G, Meng Z

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Determine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of pediatric hearing loss classification using behavioral evidence of early prelingual auditory development (EPLAD). Validate behavioral measures of EPLAD.
DESIGN: EPLAD was assessed in a prospective sample of hearing-impaired children using the infant-toddler meaningful auditory integration scale (ITMAIS/MAIS). Hearing losses were classified using tone-burst auditory brainstem response (ABR) and ITMAIS/MAIS scores. This process was repeated in a second retrospective sample.
STUDY SAMPLE: The prospective sample was comprised of 139 hearing-impaired children under five years of age. Approximately equal proportions of mild-moderate, severe, and profound losses were included. The second retrospective sample was comprised of case records for 144 hearing-impaired children meeting the same selection criteria. This sample contained more than 80% profound losses.
RESULTS: EPLAD trajectories reached different asymptotes after two years of age, depending on the severity of hearing loss, allowing children over this age to be classified. The sensitivity of EPLAD classifications was over 90%; specificity was over 82%; and accuracy was over 88%.
CONCLUSIONS: Behavioral evidence of EPLAD provides an initial means of classifying pediatric hearing losses which can facilitate initial treatment options prior to diagnostic evaluation with tone-burst ABR.

PMID: 26750766 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Vestibular and Balance Impairment Contributes to Cochlear Implant Failure in Children.

Related Articles

Vestibular and Balance Impairment Contributes to Cochlear Implant Failure in Children.

Otol Neurotol. 2015 Jul;36(6):1029-34

Authors: Wolter NE, Gordon KA, Papsin BC, Cushing SL

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of vestibular and balance dysfunction in children with cochlear implant (CI) failure.
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review.
SETTING: Tertiary referral center.
PATIENTS: Thirty-five children with CI failure were compared to 165 children who did not experience CI failure.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Vestibular function was compared between groups by horizontal canal function (measured by caloric, rotational, video Head Impulse Testing [vHIT]), saccular function (vestibular evoked myogenic potentials [VEMP]), and balance (measured by Bruininks-Oseretsky Test [BOT-2]).
RESULTS: Twenty-one patients completed vestibular and balance testing. Patients with CI failure demonstrated significantly more abnormal horizontal canal function than those who did not experience CI failure (caloric: 81 vs. 47%, p = 0.004; rotational/vHIT: 71 vs. 35%, p = 0.001). Absence of bilateral horizontal canal function increased the odds of CI failure 7.6 times. A greater proportion of children with CI failure had abnormal saccular function compared to those without CI failure (81 vs. 46%, p = 0.003). Children with CI failure had significantly worse balance (BOT-2 score: 7.8) than children who did not experience CI failure (BOT-2 score: 12.2) (p < 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: Vestibular end-organ dysfunction and its resulting balance impairment have been identified as important risk factors for CI failure in children. Early identification and treatment of such impairments may avoid or delay implant failures and prevent children from experiencing periods of sound deprivation that could impact speech and language acquisition.

PMID: 25853610 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Vestibular and Balance Impairment Contributes to Cochlear Implant Failure in Children.

Related Articles

Vestibular and Balance Impairment Contributes to Cochlear Implant Failure in Children.

Otol Neurotol. 2015 Jul;36(6):1029-34

Authors: Wolter NE, Gordon KA, Papsin BC, Cushing SL

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of vestibular and balance dysfunction in children with cochlear implant (CI) failure.
STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review.
SETTING: Tertiary referral center.
PATIENTS: Thirty-five children with CI failure were compared to 165 children who did not experience CI failure.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Vestibular function was compared between groups by horizontal canal function (measured by caloric, rotational, video Head Impulse Testing [vHIT]), saccular function (vestibular evoked myogenic potentials [VEMP]), and balance (measured by Bruininks-Oseretsky Test [BOT-2]).
RESULTS: Twenty-one patients completed vestibular and balance testing. Patients with CI failure demonstrated significantly more abnormal horizontal canal function than those who did not experience CI failure (caloric: 81 vs. 47%, p = 0.004; rotational/vHIT: 71 vs. 35%, p = 0.001). Absence of bilateral horizontal canal function increased the odds of CI failure 7.6 times. A greater proportion of children with CI failure had abnormal saccular function compared to those without CI failure (81 vs. 46%, p = 0.003). Children with CI failure had significantly worse balance (BOT-2 score: 7.8) than children who did not experience CI failure (BOT-2 score: 12.2) (p < 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: Vestibular end-organ dysfunction and its resulting balance impairment have been identified as important risk factors for CI failure in children. Early identification and treatment of such impairments may avoid or delay implant failures and prevent children from experiencing periods of sound deprivation that could impact speech and language acquisition.

PMID: 25853610 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Multiscale entropy identifies differences in complexity in postural control in women with multiple sclerosis

Publication date: March 2016
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 45
Author(s): Michael A. Busa, Stephanie L. Jones, Joseph Hamill, Richard E.A. van Emmerik
Loss of postural center-of-pressure complexity (COP complexity) has been associated with reduced adaptability that accompanies disease and aging. The aim of this study was to identify if COP complexity is reduced: (1) in those with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) compared to controls; (2) when vision is limited compared to remaining intact; and (3) during more demanding postural conditions compared to quiet standing. Additionally, we explored the relationship between the COP complexity and disease severity, fatigue, cutaneous sensation and central motor drive. Twelve women with MS and 12 age-matched controls were tested under quiet standing and postural maximal lean conditions with normal and limited vision. The key dependent variable was the complexity index (CI) of the center of pressure. We observed a lower CI in the MS group compared to controls in both anterior-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) directions (p's<0.002), during the performance of maximal self-regulated leans (AP: p<0.001; ML: p=0.018), and under limited vision (AP: p=0.001; ML: p=0.006). No group-by-vision interaction (p>0.05) was observed, indicating that limiting vision did not impact COP complexity differently in the two groups. Decreased cutaneous sensitivity was associated with lower CI values in the AP direction among those with MS (r²=0.57); all other measures did not exhibit significant relationships. The findings reported here suggest that (1) MS is associated with diminished COP complexity under both normal and challenging postures, and (2) complexity is strongly correlated with cutaneous sensitivity, suggesting the unique contribution of impaired somatosensation on postural control deficits in persons with MS.



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Multiscale entropy identifies differences in complexity in postural control in women with multiple sclerosis

Publication date: March 2016
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 45
Author(s): Michael A. Busa, Stephanie L. Jones, Joseph Hamill, Richard E.A. van Emmerik
Loss of postural center-of-pressure complexity (COP complexity) has been associated with reduced adaptability that accompanies disease and aging. The aim of this study was to identify if COP complexity is reduced: (1) in those with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) compared to controls; (2) when vision is limited compared to remaining intact; and (3) during more demanding postural conditions compared to quiet standing. Additionally, we explored the relationship between the COP complexity and disease severity, fatigue, cutaneous sensation and central motor drive. Twelve women with MS and 12 age-matched controls were tested under quiet standing and postural maximal lean conditions with normal and limited vision. The key dependent variable was the complexity index (CI) of the center of pressure. We observed a lower CI in the MS group compared to controls in both anterior-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) directions (p's<0.002), during the performance of maximal self-regulated leans (AP: p<0.001; ML: p=0.018), and under limited vision (AP: p=0.001; ML: p=0.006). No group-by-vision interaction (p>0.05) was observed, indicating that limiting vision did not impact COP complexity differently in the two groups. Decreased cutaneous sensitivity was associated with lower CI values in the AP direction among those with MS (r²=0.57); all other measures did not exhibit significant relationships. The findings reported here suggest that (1) MS is associated with diminished COP complexity under both normal and challenging postures, and (2) complexity is strongly correlated with cutaneous sensitivity, suggesting the unique contribution of impaired somatosensation on postural control deficits in persons with MS.



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Multiscale entropy identifies differences in complexity in postural control in women with multiple sclerosis

Publication date: March 2016
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 45
Author(s): Michael A. Busa, Stephanie L. Jones, Joseph Hamill, Richard E.A. van Emmerik
Loss of postural center-of-pressure complexity (COP complexity) has been associated with reduced adaptability that accompanies disease and aging. The aim of this study was to identify if COP complexity is reduced: (1) in those with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) compared to controls; (2) when vision is limited compared to remaining intact; and (3) during more demanding postural conditions compared to quiet standing. Additionally, we explored the relationship between the COP complexity and disease severity, fatigue, cutaneous sensation and central motor drive. Twelve women with MS and 12 age-matched controls were tested under quiet standing and postural maximal lean conditions with normal and limited vision. The key dependent variable was the complexity index (CI) of the center of pressure. We observed a lower CI in the MS group compared to controls in both anterior-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) directions (p's<0.002), during the performance of maximal self-regulated leans (AP: p<0.001; ML: p=0.018), and under limited vision (AP: p=0.001; ML: p=0.006). No group-by-vision interaction (p>0.05) was observed, indicating that limiting vision did not impact COP complexity differently in the two groups. Decreased cutaneous sensitivity was associated with lower CI values in the AP direction among those with MS (r²=0.57); all other measures did not exhibit significant relationships. The findings reported here suggest that (1) MS is associated with diminished COP complexity under both normal and challenging postures, and (2) complexity is strongly correlated with cutaneous sensitivity, suggesting the unique contribution of impaired somatosensation on postural control deficits in persons with MS.



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Applying the COM-B behaviour model and behaviour change wheel to develop an intervention to improve hearing-aid use in adult auditory rehabilitation

10.3109/14992027.2015.1120894<br/>Fiona Barker

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Understanding the psychosocial experiences of adults with mild-moderate hearing loss: An application of Leventhal’s self-regulatory model

10.3109/14992027.2015.1117663<br/>Eithne Heffernan

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A demonstrated positive effect of a hearing conservation program in the Swedish armed forces

10.3109/14992027.2015.1117662<br/>Per Muhr

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Applying the COM-B behaviour model and behaviour change wheel to develop an intervention to improve hearing-aid use in adult auditory rehabilitation

10.3109/14992027.2015.1120894<br/>Fiona Barker

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Understanding the psychosocial experiences of adults with mild-moderate hearing loss: An application of Leventhal’s self-regulatory model

10.3109/14992027.2015.1117663<br/>Eithne Heffernan

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A demonstrated positive effect of a hearing conservation program in the Swedish armed forces

10.3109/14992027.2015.1117662<br/>Per Muhr

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Applying the COM-B behaviour model and behaviour change wheel to develop an intervention to improve hearing-aid use in adult auditory rehabilitation

10.3109/14992027.2015.1120894<br/>Fiona Barker

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Understanding the psychosocial experiences of adults with mild-moderate hearing loss: An application of Leventhal’s self-regulatory model

10.3109/14992027.2015.1117663<br/>Eithne Heffernan

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A demonstrated positive effect of a hearing conservation program in the Swedish armed forces

10.3109/14992027.2015.1117662<br/>Per Muhr

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Applying the COM-B behaviour model and behaviour change wheel to develop an intervention to improve hearing-aid use in adult auditory rehabilitation

10.3109/14992027.2015.1120894<br/>Fiona Barker

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Understanding the psychosocial experiences of adults with mild-moderate hearing loss: An application of Leventhal’s self-regulatory model

10.3109/14992027.2015.1117663<br/>Eithne Heffernan

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A demonstrated positive effect of a hearing conservation program in the Swedish armed forces

10.3109/14992027.2015.1117662<br/>Per Muhr

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Applying the COM-B behaviour model and behaviour change wheel to develop an intervention to improve hearing-aid use in adult auditory rehabilitation

10.3109/14992027.2015.1120894<br/>Fiona Barker

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Understanding the psychosocial experiences of adults with mild-moderate hearing loss: An application of Leventhal’s self-regulatory model

10.3109/14992027.2015.1117663<br/>Eithne Heffernan

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A demonstrated positive effect of a hearing conservation program in the Swedish armed forces

10.3109/14992027.2015.1117662<br/>Per Muhr

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Congenital Cytomegalovirus.

Congenital Cytomegalovirus.

Adv Neonatal Care. 2016 Jan 8;

Authors: Mestas E

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading viral intrauterine infection in the United States. It causes more developmental delays and long-term sequelae than Down syndrome (trisomy 21), neural tube defects, or fetal alcohol syndrome combined. Yet, this virus, a member of the herpes virus family, is not well known to the public and its prevention is typically not discussed in obstetric offices. Although many infants with congenital CMV are asymptomatic at birth, a significant proportion still may develop sequelae. Symptomatic infants face potentially devastating consequences. Pharmacologic treatment is reserved for those with severe organ or central nervous system involvement. Treatment of infants with congenital CMV can be complex and requires extensive outpatient follow-up.
PURPOSE: To educate nurses and nurse practitioners regarding the risks, signs, treatment, and care related to congenital CMV.
METHODS/SEARCH STRATEGIES: PubMed was searched to obtain English language publications from 2005 to 2015 for studies examining the current knowledge base of congenital cytomegalovirus, sequelae, and subsequent treatment using key terms "cytomegalovirus" combined with "congenital." A total of 18 articles were retained for analysis.
FINDINGS/RESULTS: Overall, the greatest risk reduction strategy for CMV transmission is education of pregnant women. In the neonate at risk for congenital CMV, early identification, antiviral treatment, and care coordination are pivotal to maximizing outcomes.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Increasing understanding of congenital CMV, modes of transmission, signs of infection, and intervention strategies as well as its impact on development are essential to maximizing outcomes.
IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH: The need for research exists in the area of valganciclovir's impact on sensorineural hearing loss as well as potential vaccines to protect against CMV transmission. Research is also being conducted in the area of passive immunity via administration of CMV-specific hyperimmune globulin therapy to pregnant women diagnosed with a primary CMV infection.

PMID: 26752783 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Audiological comparison between two different clips prostheses in stapes surgery.

Audiological comparison between two different clips prostheses in stapes surgery.

Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord). 2015;136(1):33-6

Authors: Potena M, Portmann D, Guindi S

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To compare audiometric results and complications of stapes surgery with two different types of piston prosthesis, the Portmann Clip Piston (Medtronic) (PCP) and the Soft Clip Piston (Kurz) (SCP).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study conducted on 64 patients who underwent primary stapedotomy from 2008 to 2011. We matched for each case of stapedotomy with the PCP (Medtronic Xomed Inc. Portmann Clip Piston Stainless Steel/Fluoroplastic) a case with the SCP (Heinz Kurz GmbH Medizintechnik Soft Piston Clip Titanium). Each group consisted of 32 patients, and patients in both groups were matched with respect to gender, age, bilateral or unilateral otosclerosis, otological symptoms (tinnitus, vertigo or dizziness), family history, operated side and the Portmann grading for otosclerosis. The length of the prosthesis used was reported. Post-operative complications such as tinnitus, vertigo, hearing loss and altered taste were documented. Each patient was subjected to a preoperative and postoperative audiogram (follow-up at the second month after the surgery). We used the Student test for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was set at < 0.01.
RESULTS: None of the patients experienced a post-operative hearing loss and none required a later revision surgery. No statistically significant difference was found between the two populations regarding demographic data (age, sex, side, bilaterality, family history, stage and lenght of piston) and hearing level (> 0.01) in the air, bone conduction and air-bone gap (ABG). Postoperative complications did not result to be significantly different between the two groups. Also, both groups showed a significant improvement (< 0.01) in the post-operative air, bone conduction and air-bone gap. There was no statistically significant difference (> 0.01) between the post-operative hearing results (bone conduction, air conduction, air-bone gap) using the two pistons. The mean ABG improvement was respectively 16.63 dB in the SCP group and 20.59 dB in the PCP group.
CONCLUSION: The titanium Soft clip piston (SCP) is a good alternative to the Portmann clip piston (PCP). Nevertheless there are some differences in the surgical fixing of these two pistons in the correct position.

PMID: 26749603 [PubMed - in process]

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Decision-making and outcomes of hearing help-seekers: A self-determination theory perspective.

Decision-making and outcomes of hearing help-seekers: A self-determination theory perspective.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Jan 11;:1-10

Authors: Ridgway J, Hickson L, Lind C

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore the explanatory power of a self-determination theory (SDT) model of health behaviour change for hearing aid adoption decisions and fitting outcomes.
DESIGN: A quantitative approach was taken for this longitudinal cohort study. Participants completed questionnaires adapted from SDT that measured autonomous motivation, autonomy support, and perceived competence for hearing aids. Hearing aid fitting outcomes were obtained with the international outcomes inventory for hearing aids (IOI-HA). Sociodemographic and audiometric information was collected.
STUDY SAMPLE: Participants were 216 adult first-time hearing help-seekers (125 hearing aid adopters, 91 non-adopters).
RESULTS: Regression models assessed the impact of autonomous motivation and autonomy support on hearing aid adoption and hearing aid fitting outcomes. Sociodemographic and audiometric factors were also taken into account. Autonomous motivation, but not autonomy support, was associated with increased hearing aid adoption. Autonomy support was associated with increased perceived competence for hearing aids, reduced activity limitation and increased hearing aid satisfaction. Autonomous motivation was positively associated with hearing aid satisfaction.
CONCLUSION: The SDT model is potentially useful in understanding how hearing aid adoption decisions are made, and how hearing health behaviour is internalized and maintained over time. Autonomy supportive practitioners may improve outcomes by helping hearing aid adopters maintain internalized change.

PMID: 26750770 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Initial classification of pediatric hearing impairment using behavioral measures of early prelingual auditory development.

Initial classification of pediatric hearing impairment using behavioral measures of early prelingual auditory development.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Jan 11;:1-8

Authors: Liang S, Soli SD, Zheng Y, Li G, Meng Z

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Determine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of pediatric hearing loss classification using behavioral evidence of early prelingual auditory development (EPLAD). Validate behavioral measures of EPLAD.
DESIGN: EPLAD was assessed in a prospective sample of hearing-impaired children using the infant-toddler meaningful auditory integration scale (ITMAIS/MAIS). Hearing losses were classified using tone-burst auditory brainstem response (ABR) and ITMAIS/MAIS scores. This process was repeated in a second retrospective sample.
STUDY SAMPLE: The prospective sample was comprised of 139 hearing-impaired children under five years of age. Approximately equal proportions of mild-moderate, severe, and profound losses were included. The second retrospective sample was comprised of case records for 144 hearing-impaired children meeting the same selection criteria. This sample contained more than 80% profound losses.
RESULTS: EPLAD trajectories reached different asymptotes after two years of age, depending on the severity of hearing loss, allowing children over this age to be classified. The sensitivity of EPLAD classifications was over 90%; specificity was over 82%; and accuracy was over 88%.
CONCLUSIONS: Behavioral evidence of EPLAD provides an initial means of classifying pediatric hearing losses which can facilitate initial treatment options prior to diagnostic evaluation with tone-burst ABR.

PMID: 26750766 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Decision-making and outcomes of hearing help-seekers: A self-determination theory perspective.

Decision-making and outcomes of hearing help-seekers: A self-determination theory perspective.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Jan 11;:1-10

Authors: Ridgway J, Hickson L, Lind C

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore the explanatory power of a self-determination theory (SDT) model of health behaviour change for hearing aid adoption decisions and fitting outcomes.
DESIGN: A quantitative approach was taken for this longitudinal cohort study. Participants completed questionnaires adapted from SDT that measured autonomous motivation, autonomy support, and perceived competence for hearing aids. Hearing aid fitting outcomes were obtained with the international outcomes inventory for hearing aids (IOI-HA). Sociodemographic and audiometric information was collected.
STUDY SAMPLE: Participants were 216 adult first-time hearing help-seekers (125 hearing aid adopters, 91 non-adopters).
RESULTS: Regression models assessed the impact of autonomous motivation and autonomy support on hearing aid adoption and hearing aid fitting outcomes. Sociodemographic and audiometric factors were also taken into account. Autonomous motivation, but not autonomy support, was associated with increased hearing aid adoption. Autonomy support was associated with increased perceived competence for hearing aids, reduced activity limitation and increased hearing aid satisfaction. Autonomous motivation was positively associated with hearing aid satisfaction.
CONCLUSION: The SDT model is potentially useful in understanding how hearing aid adoption decisions are made, and how hearing health behaviour is internalized and maintained over time. Autonomy supportive practitioners may improve outcomes by helping hearing aid adopters maintain internalized change.

PMID: 26750770 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Initial classification of pediatric hearing impairment using behavioral measures of early prelingual auditory development.

Initial classification of pediatric hearing impairment using behavioral measures of early prelingual auditory development.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Jan 11;:1-8

Authors: Liang S, Soli SD, Zheng Y, Li G, Meng Z

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Determine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of pediatric hearing loss classification using behavioral evidence of early prelingual auditory development (EPLAD). Validate behavioral measures of EPLAD.
DESIGN: EPLAD was assessed in a prospective sample of hearing-impaired children using the infant-toddler meaningful auditory integration scale (ITMAIS/MAIS). Hearing losses were classified using tone-burst auditory brainstem response (ABR) and ITMAIS/MAIS scores. This process was repeated in a second retrospective sample.
STUDY SAMPLE: The prospective sample was comprised of 139 hearing-impaired children under five years of age. Approximately equal proportions of mild-moderate, severe, and profound losses were included. The second retrospective sample was comprised of case records for 144 hearing-impaired children meeting the same selection criteria. This sample contained more than 80% profound losses.
RESULTS: EPLAD trajectories reached different asymptotes after two years of age, depending on the severity of hearing loss, allowing children over this age to be classified. The sensitivity of EPLAD classifications was over 90%; specificity was over 82%; and accuracy was over 88%.
CONCLUSIONS: Behavioral evidence of EPLAD provides an initial means of classifying pediatric hearing losses which can facilitate initial treatment options prior to diagnostic evaluation with tone-burst ABR.

PMID: 26750766 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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