Effect of Different Designs of Ankle-Foot Orthoses on Gait in Patients with Stroke: A Systematic Review

Publication date: Available online 16 March 2018
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Aliyeh Daryabor, Mokhtar Arazpour, Gholamreza Aminian
BackgroundAnkle foot orthoses (AFOs) are used to improve the gait of patients with stroke.Research questionThe current review aimed at evaluating the efficacy of different designs of AFOs and comparison between them on the gait parameters of individuals with hemiplegic stroke.MethodsThe search strategy was based on the population intervention comparison outcome (PICO) method. A search was performed in PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases.ResultsA total of 27 articles were found for the final evaluation. All types of AFOs had positive effects on ankle kinematic in the first rocker and swing phases, but not on knee kinematics in the swing phase, hip kinematics or the third rocker function. All trials, except two, assessed immediate or short-term effects only. The articulated passive AFO compared with the non-articulated passive AFO had better effects on some aspects of the gait of patients with hemiplegia following stroke, more investigations are needed in this regard though.SignificanceAn ankle-foot orthosis can immediately improve the dropped foot in the stance and swing phases. The effects of long-term usage and comparison among the different types of AFOs need to be evaluated.



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Static postural control among school-aged youth with Down syndrome: A systematic review

Publication date: Available online 16 March 2018
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Christophe Maïano, Olivier Hue, Danielle Tracey, Geneviève Lepage, Alexandre J.S. Morin, Grégory Moullec
BackgroundYouth with Down syndrome are characterized by motor delays when compared to typically developing (TD) youth, which may be explained by a lower postural control or reduced postural tone.ObjectiveIn the present article, we summarize research comparing the static postural control, assessed by posturography, between youth with Down syndrome and TD youth.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in 10 databases and seven studies, published between 2001 and 2017, met our inclusion criteria.ResultsBased on the present reviewed findings, it is impossible to conclude that children with Down syndrome present significantly lower static postural control compared to TD children. In contrast, findings showed that adolescents with Down syndrome tended to present significantly lower static postural control compared to TD adolescents when visual and plantar cutaneous inputs were disturbed separately or simultaneously.ConclusionThe present findings should be interpreted with caution given the limitations of the small number of reviewed studies. Therefore, the static postural control among youth with Down syndrome should be further investigated in future rigorous studies examining the contribution of a range of sensory information.



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Effect of Different Designs of Ankle-Foot Orthoses on Gait in Patients with Stroke: A Systematic Review

Publication date: Available online 16 March 2018
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Aliyeh Daryabor, Mokhtar Arazpour, Gholamreza Aminian
BackgroundAnkle foot orthoses (AFOs) are used to improve the gait of patients with stroke.Research questionThe current review aimed at evaluating the efficacy of different designs of AFOs and comparison between them on the gait parameters of individuals with hemiplegic stroke.MethodsThe search strategy was based on the population intervention comparison outcome (PICO) method. A search was performed in PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases.ResultsA total of 27 articles were found for the final evaluation. All types of AFOs had positive effects on ankle kinematic in the first rocker and swing phases, but not on knee kinematics in the swing phase, hip kinematics or the third rocker function. All trials, except two, assessed immediate or short-term effects only. The articulated passive AFO compared with the non-articulated passive AFO had better effects on some aspects of the gait of patients with hemiplegia following stroke, more investigations are needed in this regard though.SignificanceAn ankle-foot orthosis can immediately improve the dropped foot in the stance and swing phases. The effects of long-term usage and comparison among the different types of AFOs need to be evaluated.



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Static postural control among school-aged youth with Down syndrome: A systematic review

Publication date: Available online 16 March 2018
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Christophe Maïano, Olivier Hue, Danielle Tracey, Geneviève Lepage, Alexandre J.S. Morin, Grégory Moullec
BackgroundYouth with Down syndrome are characterized by motor delays when compared to typically developing (TD) youth, which may be explained by a lower postural control or reduced postural tone.ObjectiveIn the present article, we summarize research comparing the static postural control, assessed by posturography, between youth with Down syndrome and TD youth.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in 10 databases and seven studies, published between 2001 and 2017, met our inclusion criteria.ResultsBased on the present reviewed findings, it is impossible to conclude that children with Down syndrome present significantly lower static postural control compared to TD children. In contrast, findings showed that adolescents with Down syndrome tended to present significantly lower static postural control compared to TD adolescents when visual and plantar cutaneous inputs were disturbed separately or simultaneously.ConclusionThe present findings should be interpreted with caution given the limitations of the small number of reviewed studies. Therefore, the static postural control among youth with Down syndrome should be further investigated in future rigorous studies examining the contribution of a range of sensory information.



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Effect of Different Designs of Ankle-Foot Orthoses on Gait in Patients with Stroke: A Systematic Review

Publication date: Available online 16 March 2018
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Aliyeh Daryabor, Mokhtar Arazpour, Gholamreza Aminian
BackgroundAnkle foot orthoses (AFOs) are used to improve the gait of patients with stroke.Research questionThe current review aimed at evaluating the efficacy of different designs of AFOs and comparison between them on the gait parameters of individuals with hemiplegic stroke.MethodsThe search strategy was based on the population intervention comparison outcome (PICO) method. A search was performed in PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases.ResultsA total of 27 articles were found for the final evaluation. All types of AFOs had positive effects on ankle kinematic in the first rocker and swing phases, but not on knee kinematics in the swing phase, hip kinematics or the third rocker function. All trials, except two, assessed immediate or short-term effects only. The articulated passive AFO compared with the non-articulated passive AFO had better effects on some aspects of the gait of patients with hemiplegia following stroke, more investigations are needed in this regard though.SignificanceAn ankle-foot orthosis can immediately improve the dropped foot in the stance and swing phases. The effects of long-term usage and comparison among the different types of AFOs need to be evaluated.



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Static postural control among school-aged youth with Down syndrome: A systematic review

Publication date: Available online 16 March 2018
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Christophe Maïano, Olivier Hue, Danielle Tracey, Geneviève Lepage, Alexandre J.S. Morin, Grégory Moullec
BackgroundYouth with Down syndrome are characterized by motor delays when compared to typically developing (TD) youth, which may be explained by a lower postural control or reduced postural tone.ObjectiveIn the present article, we summarize research comparing the static postural control, assessed by posturography, between youth with Down syndrome and TD youth.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed in 10 databases and seven studies, published between 2001 and 2017, met our inclusion criteria.ResultsBased on the present reviewed findings, it is impossible to conclude that children with Down syndrome present significantly lower static postural control compared to TD children. In contrast, findings showed that adolescents with Down syndrome tended to present significantly lower static postural control compared to TD adolescents when visual and plantar cutaneous inputs were disturbed separately or simultaneously.ConclusionThe present findings should be interpreted with caution given the limitations of the small number of reviewed studies. Therefore, the static postural control among youth with Down syndrome should be further investigated in future rigorous studies examining the contribution of a range of sensory information.



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Phonak Adds to Its Hearing Aid and Speech Understanding Technologies

​Phonak has introduced two lithium-ion rechargeable hearing aids geared to the needs of specific patient populations—those with severe to profound hearing loss and children. Now in its fifth generation, Phonak’s Naída B, for the first time, offers a rechargeable receiver-in-canal option. Naída B provides the industry’s best speech intelligibility index results for those with severe to profound hearing loss, according to the company. Phonak has also added a rechargeable option to its Sky B products, which are designed specifically for children. Sky B-PR gives pediatric patients a full day of uninterrupted hearing on a single charge. Sky B features AutoSense Sky OS and SoundRecover2, which gives children access to a broader range of sounds essential for speech and language development.
 
The company has also launched its new MultiBeam Technology (MBT), the next generation of the Roger 2.4 GHz wireless technology first introduced in 2013. MBT uses three microphones to form six directional beams within 360 degrees. When a microphone with MBT is placed on a table, it automatically selects the speaker to improve speech understanding in group conversations and noisy situations. Powered by MBT are Phonak’s Roger Select, which is equipped with three modes (automatic, manual, lapel) to enable wireless hearing in different environments, and Roger Table Mic II, which is ideal for working adults who need to actively participate in meetings. Phonak has also added the Roger Repeater, which extends the operating range of any Roger network in the Roger for Education portfolio and is ideal for school applications like auditoriums and gymnasiums.
 
The Phonak Naída B and Sky B are now available in the United States, with the rest of the world to follow this month. All new Roger products will be available later in spring 2018.

Published: 3/16/2018 12:24:00 PM

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Phonak Adds to Its Hearing Aid and Speech Understanding Technologies

​Phonak has introduced two lithium-ion rechargeable hearing aids geared to the needs of specific patient populations—those with severe to profound hearing loss and children. Now in its fifth generation, Phonak’s Naída B, for the first time, offers a rechargeable receiver-in-canal option. Naída B provides the industry’s best speech intelligibility index results for those with severe to profound hearing loss, according to the company. Phonak has also added a rechargeable option to its Sky B products, which are designed specifically for children. Sky B-PR gives pediatric patients a full day of uninterrupted hearing on a single charge. Sky B features AutoSense Sky OS and SoundRecover2, which gives children access to a broader range of sounds essential for speech and language development.
 
The company has also launched its new MultiBeam Technology (MBT), the next generation of the Roger 2.4 GHz wireless technology first introduced in 2013. MBT uses three microphones to form six directional beams within 360 degrees. When a microphone with MBT is placed on a table, it automatically selects the speaker to improve speech understanding in group conversations and noisy situations. Powered by MBT are Phonak’s Roger Select, which is equipped with three modes (automatic, manual, lapel) to enable wireless hearing in different environments, and Roger Table Mic II, which is ideal for working adults who need to actively participate in meetings. Phonak has also added the Roger Repeater, which extends the operating range of any Roger network in the Roger for Education portfolio and is ideal for school applications like auditoriums and gymnasiums.
 
The Phonak Naída B and Sky B are now available in the United States, with the rest of the world to follow this month. All new Roger products will be available later in spring 2018.

Published: 3/16/2018 12:24:00 PM

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