Improving the Efficiency of Speech-In-Noise Hearing Screening Tests.

Objective: Speech-in-noise hearing screening tests have become increasingly popular. These tests follow an adaptive procedure with a fixed number of presentations to estimate the speech reception threshold. The speech reception threshold is compared with an established cutoff signal to noise ratio (SNR) for a pass result or refer result. A fixed SNR procedure was developed to improve the efficiency of speech-in-noise hearing screening tests. Design: The cutoff SNR is used for all presentations in the fixed-SNR procedure. After each response a reliable test result is given (pass/refer) or an extra stimulus is presented. The efficiency and pass/refer rates between the adaptive procedure and the fixed-SNR procedure were compared. Results: An average reduction of 67% in the number of presentations can be achieved (from 25 to an average of 8.3 presentations per test). Conclusions: The fixed-SNR procedure is superior in efficiency to the adaptive procedure while having nearly equal refer and pass rates. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Effects of Stimulus Duration on Event-Related Potentials Recorded From Cochlear-Implant Users.

Objectives: Several studies have investigated the feasibility of using electrophysiology as an objective tool to efficiently map cochlear implants. A pervasive problem when measuring event-related potentials is the need to remove the direct-current (DC) artifact produced by the cochlear implant. Here, we describe how DC artifact removal can corrupt the response waveform and how the appropriate choice of stimulus duration may minimize this corruption. Design: Event-related potentials were recorded to a synthesized vowel /a/ with a 170- or 400-ms duration. Results: The P2 response, which occurs between 150 and 250 ms, was corrupted by the DC artifact removal algorithm for a 170-ms stimulus duration but was relatively uncorrupted for a 400-ms stimulus duration. Conclusions: To avoid response waveform corruption from DC artifact removal, one should choose a stimulus duration such that the offset of the stimulus does not temporally coincide with the specific peak of interest. While our data have been analyzed with only one specific algorithm, we argue that the length of the stimulus may be a critical factor for any DC artifact removal algorithm. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Improving the Efficiency of Speech-In-Noise Hearing Screening Tests.

Objective: Speech-in-noise hearing screening tests have become increasingly popular. These tests follow an adaptive procedure with a fixed number of presentations to estimate the speech reception threshold. The speech reception threshold is compared with an established cutoff signal to noise ratio (SNR) for a pass result or refer result. A fixed SNR procedure was developed to improve the efficiency of speech-in-noise hearing screening tests. Design: The cutoff SNR is used for all presentations in the fixed-SNR procedure. After each response a reliable test result is given (pass/refer) or an extra stimulus is presented. The efficiency and pass/refer rates between the adaptive procedure and the fixed-SNR procedure were compared. Results: An average reduction of 67% in the number of presentations can be achieved (from 25 to an average of 8.3 presentations per test). Conclusions: The fixed-SNR procedure is superior in efficiency to the adaptive procedure while having nearly equal refer and pass rates. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Effects of Stimulus Duration on Event-Related Potentials Recorded From Cochlear-Implant Users.

Objectives: Several studies have investigated the feasibility of using electrophysiology as an objective tool to efficiently map cochlear implants. A pervasive problem when measuring event-related potentials is the need to remove the direct-current (DC) artifact produced by the cochlear implant. Here, we describe how DC artifact removal can corrupt the response waveform and how the appropriate choice of stimulus duration may minimize this corruption. Design: Event-related potentials were recorded to a synthesized vowel /a/ with a 170- or 400-ms duration. Results: The P2 response, which occurs between 150 and 250 ms, was corrupted by the DC artifact removal algorithm for a 170-ms stimulus duration but was relatively uncorrupted for a 400-ms stimulus duration. Conclusions: To avoid response waveform corruption from DC artifact removal, one should choose a stimulus duration such that the offset of the stimulus does not temporally coincide with the specific peak of interest. While our data have been analyzed with only one specific algorithm, we argue that the length of the stimulus may be a critical factor for any DC artifact removal algorithm. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Improving the Efficiency of Speech-In-Noise Hearing Screening Tests.

Objective: Speech-in-noise hearing screening tests have become increasingly popular. These tests follow an adaptive procedure with a fixed number of presentations to estimate the speech reception threshold. The speech reception threshold is compared with an established cutoff signal to noise ratio (SNR) for a pass result or refer result. A fixed SNR procedure was developed to improve the efficiency of speech-in-noise hearing screening tests. Design: The cutoff SNR is used for all presentations in the fixed-SNR procedure. After each response a reliable test result is given (pass/refer) or an extra stimulus is presented. The efficiency and pass/refer rates between the adaptive procedure and the fixed-SNR procedure were compared. Results: An average reduction of 67% in the number of presentations can be achieved (from 25 to an average of 8.3 presentations per test). Conclusions: The fixed-SNR procedure is superior in efficiency to the adaptive procedure while having nearly equal refer and pass rates. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Effects of Stimulus Duration on Event-Related Potentials Recorded From Cochlear-Implant Users.

Objectives: Several studies have investigated the feasibility of using electrophysiology as an objective tool to efficiently map cochlear implants. A pervasive problem when measuring event-related potentials is the need to remove the direct-current (DC) artifact produced by the cochlear implant. Here, we describe how DC artifact removal can corrupt the response waveform and how the appropriate choice of stimulus duration may minimize this corruption. Design: Event-related potentials were recorded to a synthesized vowel /a/ with a 170- or 400-ms duration. Results: The P2 response, which occurs between 150 and 250 ms, was corrupted by the DC artifact removal algorithm for a 170-ms stimulus duration but was relatively uncorrupted for a 400-ms stimulus duration. Conclusions: To avoid response waveform corruption from DC artifact removal, one should choose a stimulus duration such that the offset of the stimulus does not temporally coincide with the specific peak of interest. While our data have been analyzed with only one specific algorithm, we argue that the length of the stimulus may be a critical factor for any DC artifact removal algorithm. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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New Legislation to Expand Access to Audiology Services for Medicare Patients

​Rep. Tom Rice (R-SC) has reintroduced the Audiology Patient Choice Act (H.R. 2276) to broaden Medicare patients' access to hearing care by removing existing barriers to audiology services (http://bit.ly/2qLRjej). This bipartisan bill, supported by Reps. Lynn Jenkins (R-KS) and Matt Cartwright (D-PA), will allow Medicare Part B patients with a suspected hearing or balance problem to go directly to an audiologist without having to wait for an order from a medical doctor. Patients will also be able to choose from qualified providers for Medicare-covered hearing care. In its testimony before the Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, the Academy of Doctors of Audiology (ADA) said Medicare Part B patients are shuffled back and forth between providers in an inefficient process because audiologists are only recognized under Medicare Part B as diagnosticians, even though they are licensed to provide Medicare-covered rehabilitative services. "[This bill], if enacted, will alleviate many of these barriers within the Medicare system, and allow Medicare Part B beneficiaries to have the same access to audiology care as Medicare Advantage beneficiaries and most Americans do," the ADA said. 

Published: 5/5/2017 1:54:00 PM

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New Legislation to Expand Access to Audiology Services for Medicare Patients

​Rep. Tom Rice (R-SC) has reintroduced the Audiology Patient Choice Act (H.R. 2276) to broaden Medicare patients' access to hearing care by removing existing barriers to audiology services (http://bit.ly/2qLRjej). This bipartisan bill, supported by Reps. Lynn Jenkins (R-KS) and Matt Cartwright (D-PA), will allow Medicare Part B patients with a suspected hearing or balance problem to go directly to an audiologist without having to wait for an order from a medical doctor. Patients will also be able to choose from qualified providers for Medicare-covered hearing care. In its testimony before the Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, the Academy of Doctors of Audiology (ADA) said Medicare Part B patients are shuffled back and forth between providers in an inefficient process because audiologists are only recognized under Medicare Part B as diagnosticians, even though they are licensed to provide Medicare-covered rehabilitative services. "[This bill], if enacted, will alleviate many of these barriers within the Medicare system, and allow Medicare Part B beneficiaries to have the same access to audiology care as Medicare Advantage beneficiaries and most Americans do," the ADA said. 

Published: 5/5/2017 1:54:00 PM

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New Legislation to Expand Access to Audiology Services for Medicare Patients

​Rep. Tom Rice (R-SC) has reintroduced the Audiology Patient Choice Act (H.R. 2276) to broaden Medicare patients' access to hearing care by removing existing barriers to audiology services (http://bit.ly/2qLRjej). This bipartisan bill, supported by Reps. Lynn Jenkins (R-KS) and Matt Cartwright (D-PA), will allow Medicare Part B patients with a suspected hearing or balance problem to go directly to an audiologist without having to wait for an order from a medical doctor. Patients will also be able to choose from qualified providers for Medicare-covered hearing care. In its testimony before the Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health, the Academy of Doctors of Audiology (ADA) said Medicare Part B patients are shuffled back and forth between providers in an inefficient process because audiologists are only recognized under Medicare Part B as diagnosticians, even though they are licensed to provide Medicare-covered rehabilitative services. "[This bill], if enacted, will alleviate many of these barriers within the Medicare system, and allow Medicare Part B beneficiaries to have the same access to audiology care as Medicare Advantage beneficiaries and most Americans do," the ADA said. 

Published: 5/5/2017 1:54:00 PM

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Effects of different movement modes on plantar pressure distribution patterns in obese and non-obese Chinese children

Publication date: Available online 4 May 2017
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Yan Song-hua, Wang Lu, Zhang Kuan
Walking, slow running (jogging) and fast running often occur in daily life, Physical Education Class and Physical Fitness Test for children. However, potential impact of jogging and running on plantar pressure of children is not clear. The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of plantar pressure distribution patterns in obese and non-obese children during walking, jogging and running, and evaluate biomechanical effects of three movements on obese children. A 2-m footscan plantar pressure plate (RSscan International, Belgium) was used to collect the gait data of 20 obese children (10.69±2.11years; 1.51±0.11m; 65.15±14.22kg) and 20 non-obese children (11.02±1.01years; 1.48±0.07m; 38.57±6.09kg) during three movements. Paired t-test and independent sample t-test were performed for statistical comparisons and ANOVA was used for comparisons of gait characteristics among three movements. Significance was defined as p <0.05. Propulsion phase during jogging for obese children was the longest among three movements (p=0.02). Peak pressures under metatarsal heads IV, V (M4, M5), midfoot (MF), heel medial (HM) and heel lateral (HL) during jogging for obese children were the highest among three movements (p=0.005, p=0.003, p=0.004, p=0.03, p=0.01). Arch index (AI) of left foot during jogging for obese children was the largest (p=0.04).ConclusionsPlantar pressure distribution during three movements changed differently between two groups. The peak pressures under most plantar regions and AI during jogging for obese children were the largest among three movements, indicating that jogging caused more stress to their lower extremities. Obese children perhaps should not consider jogging as regular exercise.



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Effects of different movement modes on plantar pressure distribution patterns in obese and non-obese Chinese children

Publication date: Available online 4 May 2017
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Yan Song-hua, Wang Lu, Zhang Kuan
Walking, slow running (jogging) and fast running often occur in daily life, Physical Education Class and Physical Fitness Test for children. However, potential impact of jogging and running on plantar pressure of children is not clear. The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of plantar pressure distribution patterns in obese and non-obese children during walking, jogging and running, and evaluate biomechanical effects of three movements on obese children. A 2-m footscan plantar pressure plate (RSscan International, Belgium) was used to collect the gait data of 20 obese children (10.69±2.11years; 1.51±0.11m; 65.15±14.22kg) and 20 non-obese children (11.02±1.01years; 1.48±0.07m; 38.57±6.09kg) during three movements. Paired t-test and independent sample t-test were performed for statistical comparisons and ANOVA was used for comparisons of gait characteristics among three movements. Significance was defined as p <0.05. Propulsion phase during jogging for obese children was the longest among three movements (p=0.02). Peak pressures under metatarsal heads IV, V (M4, M5), midfoot (MF), heel medial (HM) and heel lateral (HL) during jogging for obese children were the highest among three movements (p=0.005, p=0.003, p=0.004, p=0.03, p=0.01). Arch index (AI) of left foot during jogging for obese children was the largest (p=0.04).ConclusionsPlantar pressure distribution during three movements changed differently between two groups. The peak pressures under most plantar regions and AI during jogging for obese children were the largest among three movements, indicating that jogging caused more stress to their lower extremities. Obese children perhaps should not consider jogging as regular exercise.



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Oral Language and Listening Comprehension: Same or Different Constructs?

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to add to our understanding of the dimensionality of oral language in children and to determine whether oral language and listening comprehension are separate constructs in children enrolled in preschool (PK) through 3rd grade.

Method

In the spring of the school year, children from 4 states (N = 1,869) completed multiple measures of oral language (i.e., expressive and receptive vocabulary and grammar) and listening comprehension as part of a larger study of the language bases of reading comprehension.

Results

Initial confirmatory factor analysis found evidence that measures of oral language and listening comprehension loaded on two separate factors in PK through 3rd grade; however, these factors were highly correlated at all grades.

Conclusions

These results suggest that oral language and listening comprehension are best characterized as a single oral language construct in PK through 3rd grade. The implications for early identification and intervention are discussed.

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Effects of different movement modes on plantar pressure distribution patterns in obese and non-obese Chinese children

Publication date: Available online 4 May 2017
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Yan Song-hua, Wang Lu, Zhang Kuan
Walking, slow running (jogging) and fast running often occur in daily life, Physical Education Class and Physical Fitness Test for children. However, potential impact of jogging and running on plantar pressure of children is not clear. The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of plantar pressure distribution patterns in obese and non-obese children during walking, jogging and running, and evaluate biomechanical effects of three movements on obese children. A 2-m footscan plantar pressure plate (RSscan International, Belgium) was used to collect the gait data of 20 obese children (10.69±2.11years; 1.51±0.11m; 65.15±14.22kg) and 20 non-obese children (11.02±1.01years; 1.48±0.07m; 38.57±6.09kg) during three movements. Paired t-test and independent sample t-test were performed for statistical comparisons and ANOVA was used for comparisons of gait characteristics among three movements. Significance was defined as p <0.05. Propulsion phase during jogging for obese children was the longest among three movements (p=0.02). Peak pressures under metatarsal heads IV, V (M4, M5), midfoot (MF), heel medial (HM) and heel lateral (HL) during jogging for obese children were the highest among three movements (p=0.005, p=0.003, p=0.004, p=0.03, p=0.01). Arch index (AI) of left foot during jogging for obese children was the largest (p=0.04).ConclusionsPlantar pressure distribution during three movements changed differently between two groups. The peak pressures under most plantar regions and AI during jogging for obese children were the largest among three movements, indicating that jogging caused more stress to their lower extremities. Obese children perhaps should not consider jogging as regular exercise.



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Oral Language and Listening Comprehension: Same or Different Constructs?

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to add to our understanding of the dimensionality of oral language in children and to determine whether oral language and listening comprehension are separate constructs in children enrolled in preschool (PK) through 3rd grade.

Method

In the spring of the school year, children from 4 states (N = 1,869) completed multiple measures of oral language (i.e., expressive and receptive vocabulary and grammar) and listening comprehension as part of a larger study of the language bases of reading comprehension.

Results

Initial confirmatory factor analysis found evidence that measures of oral language and listening comprehension loaded on two separate factors in PK through 3rd grade; however, these factors were highly correlated at all grades.

Conclusions

These results suggest that oral language and listening comprehension are best characterized as a single oral language construct in PK through 3rd grade. The implications for early identification and intervention are discussed.

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Oral Language and Listening Comprehension: Same or Different Constructs?

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to add to our understanding of the dimensionality of oral language in children and to determine whether oral language and listening comprehension are separate constructs in children enrolled in preschool (PK) through 3rd grade.

Method

In the spring of the school year, children from 4 states (N = 1,869) completed multiple measures of oral language (i.e., expressive and receptive vocabulary and grammar) and listening comprehension as part of a larger study of the language bases of reading comprehension.

Results

Initial confirmatory factor analysis found evidence that measures of oral language and listening comprehension loaded on two separate factors in PK through 3rd grade; however, these factors were highly correlated at all grades.

Conclusions

These results suggest that oral language and listening comprehension are best characterized as a single oral language construct in PK through 3rd grade. The implications for early identification and intervention are discussed.

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High Risk Factors Associated With Early Childhood Hearing Loss: A 3-Year Review

Purpose

In this study, we examined the association between risk factors for hearing loss and early childhood hearing status (normal hearing, congenital hearing loss, or delayed-onset hearing loss). Follow-up rates of audiologic care following passed or referred birth screens for children with risk factors were also examined.

Method

A retrospective data review was completed on 115,039 children born from 2010 to 2012. Data analyses included prevalence rates, odds ratios, and Fisher exact tests of statistical significance.

Results

Ninety percent of children were born with no risk factors for hearing loss; of those, 99.9% demonstrated normal hearing by 3 years of age. Of the 10% of children born with risk factors, 96.3% demonstrated normal hearing by age 3, 1.4% presented with congenital hearing loss, and 2.3% demonstrated permanent hearing loss by age 3. Factors that placed children at the highest risk of congenital hearing impairment were neurodegenerative disorders, syndromes, and congenital infections. Factors that placed children at the highest risk of developing permanent postnatal hearing loss were congenital cytomegalovirus, syndromes, and craniofacial anomalies.

Conclusions

Certain risk factors place a child at significantly greater risk of congenital hearing impairment or developing permanent hearing loss by age 3. Follow-up diagnostic testing should remain a priority for children with certain risk factors for hearing loss.

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High Risk Factors Associated With Early Childhood Hearing Loss: A 3-Year Review

Purpose

In this study, we examined the association between risk factors for hearing loss and early childhood hearing status (normal hearing, congenital hearing loss, or delayed-onset hearing loss). Follow-up rates of audiologic care following passed or referred birth screens for children with risk factors were also examined.

Method

A retrospective data review was completed on 115,039 children born from 2010 to 2012. Data analyses included prevalence rates, odds ratios, and Fisher exact tests of statistical significance.

Results

Ninety percent of children were born with no risk factors for hearing loss; of those, 99.9% demonstrated normal hearing by 3 years of age. Of the 10% of children born with risk factors, 96.3% demonstrated normal hearing by age 3, 1.4% presented with congenital hearing loss, and 2.3% demonstrated permanent hearing loss by age 3. Factors that placed children at the highest risk of congenital hearing impairment were neurodegenerative disorders, syndromes, and congenital infections. Factors that placed children at the highest risk of developing permanent postnatal hearing loss were congenital cytomegalovirus, syndromes, and craniofacial anomalies.

Conclusions

Certain risk factors place a child at significantly greater risk of congenital hearing impairment or developing permanent hearing loss by age 3. Follow-up diagnostic testing should remain a priority for children with certain risk factors for hearing loss.

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High Risk Factors Associated With Early Childhood Hearing Loss: A 3-Year Review

Purpose

In this study, we examined the association between risk factors for hearing loss and early childhood hearing status (normal hearing, congenital hearing loss, or delayed-onset hearing loss). Follow-up rates of audiologic care following passed or referred birth screens for children with risk factors were also examined.

Method

A retrospective data review was completed on 115,039 children born from 2010 to 2012. Data analyses included prevalence rates, odds ratios, and Fisher exact tests of statistical significance.

Results

Ninety percent of children were born with no risk factors for hearing loss; of those, 99.9% demonstrated normal hearing by 3 years of age. Of the 10% of children born with risk factors, 96.3% demonstrated normal hearing by age 3, 1.4% presented with congenital hearing loss, and 2.3% demonstrated permanent hearing loss by age 3. Factors that placed children at the highest risk of congenital hearing impairment were neurodegenerative disorders, syndromes, and congenital infections. Factors that placed children at the highest risk of developing permanent postnatal hearing loss were congenital cytomegalovirus, syndromes, and craniofacial anomalies.

Conclusions

Certain risk factors place a child at significantly greater risk of congenital hearing impairment or developing permanent hearing loss by age 3. Follow-up diagnostic testing should remain a priority for children with certain risk factors for hearing loss.

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How To Cure Tinnitus Permanently

If you suffer from tinnitus, then you know how stressful it can be. It is a noise that simply won’t go away. In your pursuit of relief from this condition, you have probably sought one or more of the many methods that claim to offer relief. Some of these treatments include medications such as antidepressants and anti-anxiety meant to reduce your tension. Behavior modification is taught to eliminate the stress that is thought to agitate a tinnitus condition. Of course, these treatments are no cure, and their effectiveness is questionable, even for relief.

Using audio to mask the noise
Although this has been touted to relive the noise from tinnitus, the only thing it achieves is to drown out the noise. Of course, this is when it is working for a patient. For many there is no relief, and if you are one of the fortunate ones, you may find temporary relief that can be measured in minutes. However, it is through the use of audio signals combined with an understanding of how the noise is generated that has led to an understanding of how to cure tinnitus permanently.

Research into tinnitus has produced some amazing results
For those who suffer from tinnitus, it would seem difficult to believe, but the noise that you hear is not auditory. It originates in your brain and is triggered by certain frequencies entering your ear. The discovery of how to cure tinnitus permanently lies in retraining your brain to ignore those frequencies that are triggering the brain to produce the irritating noise.

How it works
The frequencies entering your ear that result in tinnitus differ from one person to the next, so they must be identified. By way of testing, these frequencies can be discovered. Music can then be processed, so the frequency is filtered out. All you need to do is listen to this modified music for a few minutes each day. With the irritating frequencies removed, your brain will begin to learn not to be sensitive to them, and over time, your tinnitus will begin to fade away.

This exciting breakthrough in tinnitus treatment is often called notched sound therapy because the frequency that is creating the problem is notched out or removed. It is available to you right now. You can use your favorite music that will be modified and then provided to you in a file format that you can easily play at home or on a smartphone. The discovery of how to cure tinnitus permanently is here, and you can begin your treatment today.

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Amino acid and acetylcholine chemistry in the central auditory system of young, middle-aged and old rats

Publication date: Available online 4 May 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Donald A. Godfrey, Kejian Chen, Thomas R. O'Toole, Abdurrahman I.A.A. Mustapha
Older adults generally experience difficulties with hearing. Age-related changes in the chemistry of central auditory regions, especially the chemistry underlying synaptic transmission between neurons, may be of particular relevance for hearing changes. In this study, we used quantitative microchemical methods to map concentrations of amino acids, including the major neurotransmitters of the brain, in all the major central auditory structures of young (6 months), middle-aged (22 months), and old (33 months old) Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats. In addition, some amino acid measurements were made for vestibular nuclei, and activities of choline acetyltransferase, the enzyme for acetylcholine synthesis, were mapped in the superior olive and auditory cortex. In old, as compared to young, rats, glutamate concentrations were lower throughout central auditory regions. Aspartate and glycine concentrations were significantly lower in many and GABA and taurine concentrations in some cochlear nucleus and superior olive regions. Glutamine concentrations and choline acetyltransferase activities were higher in most auditory cortex layers of old rats as compared to young. Where there were differences between young and old rats, amino acid concentrations in middle-aged rats often lay between those in young and old rats, suggesting gradual changes during adult life. The results suggest that hearing deficits in older adults may relate to decreases in excitatory (glutamate) as well as inhibitory (glycine and GABA) neurotransmitter amino acid functions. Chemical changes measured in aged rats often differed from changes measured after manipulations that directly damage the cochlea, suggesting that chemical changes during aging may not all be secondary to cochlear damage.



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Response to letter: Psychometric properties of the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI): Assessment in a UK research volunteer population

Publication date: Available online 4 May 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Kathryn Fackrell, Deborah A. Hall, Johanna G. Barry, Derek J. Hoare




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Amino acid and acetylcholine chemistry in the central auditory system of young, middle-aged and old rats

Publication date: Available online 4 May 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Donald A. Godfrey, Kejian Chen, Thomas R. O'Toole, Abdurrahman I.A.A. Mustapha
Older adults generally experience difficulties with hearing. Age-related changes in the chemistry of central auditory regions, especially the chemistry underlying synaptic transmission between neurons, may be of particular relevance for hearing changes. In this study, we used quantitative microchemical methods to map concentrations of amino acids, including the major neurotransmitters of the brain, in all the major central auditory structures of young (6 months), middle-aged (22 months), and old (33 months old) Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats. In addition, some amino acid measurements were made for vestibular nuclei, and activities of choline acetyltransferase, the enzyme for acetylcholine synthesis, were mapped in the superior olive and auditory cortex. In old, as compared to young, rats, glutamate concentrations were lower throughout central auditory regions. Aspartate and glycine concentrations were significantly lower in many and GABA and taurine concentrations in some cochlear nucleus and superior olive regions. Glutamine concentrations and choline acetyltransferase activities were higher in most auditory cortex layers of old rats as compared to young. Where there were differences between young and old rats, amino acid concentrations in middle-aged rats often lay between those in young and old rats, suggesting gradual changes during adult life. The results suggest that hearing deficits in older adults may relate to decreases in excitatory (glutamate) as well as inhibitory (glycine and GABA) neurotransmitter amino acid functions. Chemical changes measured in aged rats often differed from changes measured after manipulations that directly damage the cochlea, suggesting that chemical changes during aging may not all be secondary to cochlear damage.



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Response to letter: Psychometric properties of the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI): Assessment in a UK research volunteer population

Publication date: Available online 4 May 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Kathryn Fackrell, Deborah A. Hall, Johanna G. Barry, Derek J. Hoare




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Amino acid and acetylcholine chemistry in the central auditory system of young, middle-aged and old rats

Publication date: Available online 4 May 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Donald A. Godfrey, Kejian Chen, Thomas R. O'Toole, Abdurrahman I.A.A. Mustapha
Older adults generally experience difficulties with hearing. Age-related changes in the chemistry of central auditory regions, especially the chemistry underlying synaptic transmission between neurons, may be of particular relevance for hearing changes. In this study, we used quantitative microchemical methods to map concentrations of amino acids, including the major neurotransmitters of the brain, in all the major central auditory structures of young (6 months), middle-aged (22 months), and old (33 months old) Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats. In addition, some amino acid measurements were made for vestibular nuclei, and activities of choline acetyltransferase, the enzyme for acetylcholine synthesis, were mapped in the superior olive and auditory cortex. In old, as compared to young, rats, glutamate concentrations were lower throughout central auditory regions. Aspartate and glycine concentrations were significantly lower in many and GABA and taurine concentrations in some cochlear nucleus and superior olive regions. Glutamine concentrations and choline acetyltransferase activities were higher in most auditory cortex layers of old rats as compared to young. Where there were differences between young and old rats, amino acid concentrations in middle-aged rats often lay between those in young and old rats, suggesting gradual changes during adult life. The results suggest that hearing deficits in older adults may relate to decreases in excitatory (glutamate) as well as inhibitory (glycine and GABA) neurotransmitter amino acid functions. Chemical changes measured in aged rats often differed from changes measured after manipulations that directly damage the cochlea, suggesting that chemical changes during aging may not all be secondary to cochlear damage.



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Response to letter: Psychometric properties of the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI): Assessment in a UK research volunteer population

Publication date: Available online 4 May 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Kathryn Fackrell, Deborah A. Hall, Johanna G. Barry, Derek J. Hoare




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Amino acid and acetylcholine chemistry in the central auditory system of young, middle-aged and old rats

Publication date: Available online 4 May 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Donald A. Godfrey, Kejian Chen, Thomas R. O'Toole, Abdurrahman I.A.A. Mustapha
Older adults generally experience difficulties with hearing. Age-related changes in the chemistry of central auditory regions, especially the chemistry underlying synaptic transmission between neurons, may be of particular relevance for hearing changes. In this study, we used quantitative microchemical methods to map concentrations of amino acids, including the major neurotransmitters of the brain, in all the major central auditory structures of young (6 months), middle-aged (22 months), and old (33 months old) Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats. In addition, some amino acid measurements were made for vestibular nuclei, and activities of choline acetyltransferase, the enzyme for acetylcholine synthesis, were mapped in the superior olive and auditory cortex. In old, as compared to young, rats, glutamate concentrations were lower throughout central auditory regions. Aspartate and glycine concentrations were significantly lower in many and GABA and taurine concentrations in some cochlear nucleus and superior olive regions. Glutamine concentrations and choline acetyltransferase activities were higher in most auditory cortex layers of old rats as compared to young. Where there were differences between young and old rats, amino acid concentrations in middle-aged rats often lay between those in young and old rats, suggesting gradual changes during adult life. The results suggest that hearing deficits in older adults may relate to decreases in excitatory (glutamate) as well as inhibitory (glycine and GABA) neurotransmitter amino acid functions. Chemical changes measured in aged rats often differed from changes measured after manipulations that directly damage the cochlea, suggesting that chemical changes during aging may not all be secondary to cochlear damage.



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Response to letter: Psychometric properties of the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI): Assessment in a UK research volunteer population

Publication date: Available online 4 May 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Kathryn Fackrell, Deborah A. Hall, Johanna G. Barry, Derek J. Hoare




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Amino acid and acetylcholine chemistry in the central auditory system of young, middle-aged and old rats

Publication date: Available online 4 May 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Donald A. Godfrey, Kejian Chen, Thomas R. O'Toole, Abdurrahman I.A.A. Mustapha
Older adults generally experience difficulties with hearing. Age-related changes in the chemistry of central auditory regions, especially the chemistry underlying synaptic transmission between neurons, may be of particular relevance for hearing changes. In this study, we used quantitative microchemical methods to map concentrations of amino acids, including the major neurotransmitters of the brain, in all the major central auditory structures of young (6 months), middle-aged (22 months), and old (33 months old) Fischer 344 x Brown Norway rats. In addition, some amino acid measurements were made for vestibular nuclei, and activities of choline acetyltransferase, the enzyme for acetylcholine synthesis, were mapped in the superior olive and auditory cortex. In old, as compared to young, rats, glutamate concentrations were lower throughout central auditory regions. Aspartate and glycine concentrations were significantly lower in many and GABA and taurine concentrations in some cochlear nucleus and superior olive regions. Glutamine concentrations and choline acetyltransferase activities were higher in most auditory cortex layers of old rats as compared to young. Where there were differences between young and old rats, amino acid concentrations in middle-aged rats often lay between those in young and old rats, suggesting gradual changes during adult life. The results suggest that hearing deficits in older adults may relate to decreases in excitatory (glutamate) as well as inhibitory (glycine and GABA) neurotransmitter amino acid functions. Chemical changes measured in aged rats often differed from changes measured after manipulations that directly damage the cochlea, suggesting that chemical changes during aging may not all be secondary to cochlear damage.



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Response to letter: Psychometric properties of the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI): Assessment in a UK research volunteer population

Publication date: Available online 4 May 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Kathryn Fackrell, Deborah A. Hall, Johanna G. Barry, Derek J. Hoare




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Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in rock musicians.

Related Articles

Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in rock musicians.

Int J Audiol. 2017 May 04;:1-7

Authors: Høydal EH, Lein Størmer CC, Laukli E, Stenklev NC

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Our focus in this study was the assessment of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) in a large group of rock musicians. A further objective was to analyse tinnitus among rock musicians as related to TEOAEs.
DESIGN: The study was a cross-sectional survey of rock musicians selected at random. A control group was included at random for comparison.
STUDY SAMPLE: We recruited 111 musicians and a control group of 40 non-musicians. Testing was conducted by using clinical examination, pure tone audiometry, TEOAEs and a questionnaire.
RESULTS: TEOAE SNR in the half-octave frequency band centred on 4 kHz was significantly lower bilaterally in musicians than controls. This effect was strongly predicted by age and pure-tone hearing threshold levels in the 3-6 kHz range. Bilateral hearing thresholds were significantly higher at 6 kHz in musicians. Twenty percent of the musicians had permanent tinnitus. There was no association between the TEOAE parameters and permanent tinnitus.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest an incipient hearing loss at 6 kHz in rock musicians. Loss of TEOAE SNR in the 4 kHz half-octave frequency band was observed, but it was related to higher mean 3-6 kHz hearing thresholds and age. A large proportion of rock musicians have permanent tinnitus.

PMID: 28471285 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in rock musicians.

Related Articles

Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in rock musicians.

Int J Audiol. 2017 May 04;:1-7

Authors: Høydal EH, Lein Størmer CC, Laukli E, Stenklev NC

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Our focus in this study was the assessment of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) in a large group of rock musicians. A further objective was to analyse tinnitus among rock musicians as related to TEOAEs.
DESIGN: The study was a cross-sectional survey of rock musicians selected at random. A control group was included at random for comparison.
STUDY SAMPLE: We recruited 111 musicians and a control group of 40 non-musicians. Testing was conducted by using clinical examination, pure tone audiometry, TEOAEs and a questionnaire.
RESULTS: TEOAE SNR in the half-octave frequency band centred on 4 kHz was significantly lower bilaterally in musicians than controls. This effect was strongly predicted by age and pure-tone hearing threshold levels in the 3-6 kHz range. Bilateral hearing thresholds were significantly higher at 6 kHz in musicians. Twenty percent of the musicians had permanent tinnitus. There was no association between the TEOAE parameters and permanent tinnitus.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest an incipient hearing loss at 6 kHz in rock musicians. Loss of TEOAE SNR in the 4 kHz half-octave frequency band was observed, but it was related to higher mean 3-6 kHz hearing thresholds and age. A large proportion of rock musicians have permanent tinnitus.

PMID: 28471285 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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via IFTTT

Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in rock musicians.

Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in rock musicians.

Int J Audiol. 2017 May 04;:1-7

Authors: Høydal EH, Lein Størmer CC, Laukli E, Stenklev NC

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Our focus in this study was the assessment of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) in a large group of rock musicians. A further objective was to analyse tinnitus among rock musicians as related to TEOAEs.
DESIGN: The study was a cross-sectional survey of rock musicians selected at random. A control group was included at random for comparison.
STUDY SAMPLE: We recruited 111 musicians and a control group of 40 non-musicians. Testing was conducted by using clinical examination, pure tone audiometry, TEOAEs and a questionnaire.
RESULTS: TEOAE SNR in the half-octave frequency band centred on 4 kHz was significantly lower bilaterally in musicians than controls. This effect was strongly predicted by age and pure-tone hearing threshold levels in the 3-6 kHz range. Bilateral hearing thresholds were significantly higher at 6 kHz in musicians. Twenty percent of the musicians had permanent tinnitus. There was no association between the TEOAE parameters and permanent tinnitus.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest an incipient hearing loss at 6 kHz in rock musicians. Loss of TEOAE SNR in the 4 kHz half-octave frequency band was observed, but it was related to higher mean 3-6 kHz hearing thresholds and age. A large proportion of rock musicians have permanent tinnitus.

PMID: 28471285 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2pNg3UB
via IFTTT

Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in rock musicians.

Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in rock musicians.

Int J Audiol. 2017 May 04;:1-7

Authors: Høydal EH, Lein Størmer CC, Laukli E, Stenklev NC

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Our focus in this study was the assessment of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) in a large group of rock musicians. A further objective was to analyse tinnitus among rock musicians as related to TEOAEs.
DESIGN: The study was a cross-sectional survey of rock musicians selected at random. A control group was included at random for comparison.
STUDY SAMPLE: We recruited 111 musicians and a control group of 40 non-musicians. Testing was conducted by using clinical examination, pure tone audiometry, TEOAEs and a questionnaire.
RESULTS: TEOAE SNR in the half-octave frequency band centred on 4 kHz was significantly lower bilaterally in musicians than controls. This effect was strongly predicted by age and pure-tone hearing threshold levels in the 3-6 kHz range. Bilateral hearing thresholds were significantly higher at 6 kHz in musicians. Twenty percent of the musicians had permanent tinnitus. There was no association between the TEOAE parameters and permanent tinnitus.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest an incipient hearing loss at 6 kHz in rock musicians. Loss of TEOAE SNR in the 4 kHz half-octave frequency band was observed, but it was related to higher mean 3-6 kHz hearing thresholds and age. A large proportion of rock musicians have permanent tinnitus.

PMID: 28471285 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The Advances in Hearing Rehabilitation and Cochlear Implants in China.

Hearing loss (HL) is a common sensory impairment in humans, with significant economic and social impacts. With nearly 20% of the world's population, China has focused on economic development and health awareness to improve the care for its hearing-impaired population. Recently, the Chinese government has initiated national programs such as the China Disabled Persons Federation to fund prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of hearing impairment. Newborn hearing screening and auditory rehabilitation programs in China have expanded exponentially with government support. While facing many challenges and overcoming obstacles, cochlear implantation (CI) programs in China have also experienced considerable growth. This review discusses the implementation of CI programs for HL in China and presents current HL data including epidemiology, newborn hearing screening, and determination of genetic etiologies. Sharing the experience in Chinese auditory rehabilitation and CI programs will shine a light on the developmental pathway of healthcare infrastructure to meet emerging needs of the hearing-impaired population in other developing countries. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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The Advances in Hearing Rehabilitation and Cochlear Implants in China.

Hearing loss (HL) is a common sensory impairment in humans, with significant economic and social impacts. With nearly 20% of the world's population, China has focused on economic development and health awareness to improve the care for its hearing-impaired population. Recently, the Chinese government has initiated national programs such as the China Disabled Persons Federation to fund prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of hearing impairment. Newborn hearing screening and auditory rehabilitation programs in China have expanded exponentially with government support. While facing many challenges and overcoming obstacles, cochlear implantation (CI) programs in China have also experienced considerable growth. This review discusses the implementation of CI programs for HL in China and presents current HL data including epidemiology, newborn hearing screening, and determination of genetic etiologies. Sharing the experience in Chinese auditory rehabilitation and CI programs will shine a light on the developmental pathway of healthcare infrastructure to meet emerging needs of the hearing-impaired population in other developing countries. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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via IFTTT

The Advances in Hearing Rehabilitation and Cochlear Implants in China.

Hearing loss (HL) is a common sensory impairment in humans, with significant economic and social impacts. With nearly 20% of the world's population, China has focused on economic development and health awareness to improve the care for its hearing-impaired population. Recently, the Chinese government has initiated national programs such as the China Disabled Persons Federation to fund prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of hearing impairment. Newborn hearing screening and auditory rehabilitation programs in China have expanded exponentially with government support. While facing many challenges and overcoming obstacles, cochlear implantation (CI) programs in China have also experienced considerable growth. This review discusses the implementation of CI programs for HL in China and presents current HL data including epidemiology, newborn hearing screening, and determination of genetic etiologies. Sharing the experience in Chinese auditory rehabilitation and CI programs will shine a light on the developmental pathway of healthcare infrastructure to meet emerging needs of the hearing-impaired population in other developing countries. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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