Adversarial relationship between combined medial olivocochlear (MOC) and middle-ear-muscle (MEM) reflexes and alarm-in-noise detection thresholds under negative signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs)

Publication date: Available online 27 July 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Buddhika Karunarathne, Tingyi Wang, Richard H.Y. So, Anna C.S. Kam, Ray Meddis

Abstract

The role of auditory efferent feedback from the medial olivocochlear system (MOCS) and the middle-ear-muscle (MEM) reflex in tonal detection tasks for humans in the presence of noise is not clearly understood. Past studies have yielded inconsistent results on the relationship between efferent feedback and tonal detection thresholds. This study attempts to address this inconsistency. Fifteen human subjects with normal hearing participated in an experiment where they were asked to identify an alarm signal in the presence of 80 dBA background (pink) noise. Masked detection thresholds were estimated using the method of two-interval forced choice (2IFC). Contralateral suppression of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) was measured to estimate the strength of auditory efferent feedback. Subsequent correlation analysis revealed that the contralateral suppression of TEOAEs was significantly negatively correlated (r=-0.526, n=15, p=0.0438) with alarm-in-noise (AIN) detection thresholds under negative signal-to-noise conditions. The result implies that the stronger the auditory efferent feedback, the worse the detection thresholds and thus the poorer the tonal detection performance in the presence of loud noise.

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The effect of reward on listening effort as reflected by the pupil dilation response

Publication date: Available online 27 July 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Thomas Koelewijn, Adriana A. Zekveld, Thomas Lunner, Sophia E. Kramer

Abstract

Listening to speech in noise can be effortful but when motivated people seem to be more persevering. Previous research showed effects of monetary reward on autonomic responses like cardiovascular reactivity and pupil dilation while participants processed auditory information. The current study examined the effects of monetary reward on the processing of speech in noise and related listening effort as reflected by the pupil dilation response. Twenty-four participants (median age 21 yrs.) performed two speech reception threshold (SRT) tasks, one tracking 50% correct (hard) and one tracking 85% correct (easy), both of which they listened to and repeated sentences uttered by a female talker. The sentences were presented with a single male talker or, in a control condition, in quiet. Participants were told that they could earn a high (5 euros) or low (0.20 euro) reward when repeating 70% or more of the sentences correctly. Conditions were presented in a blocked fashion and during each trial, pupil diameter was recorded. At the end of each block, participants rated the effort they had experienced, their performance, and their tendency to quit listening. Additionally, participants performed a working memory capacity task and filled in a need-for-recovery questionnaire as these tap into factors that influence the pupil dilation response. The results showed no effect of reward on speech perception performance as reflected by the SRT. The peak pupil dilation showed a significantly larger response for high than for low reward, for the easy and hard conditions, but not the control condition. Higher need for recovery was associated with a higher subjective tendency to quit listening. Consistent with the Framework for Understanding Effortful Listening, we conclude that listening effort as reflected by the peak pupil dilation is sensitive to the amount of monetary reward.

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Cholinergic Responses of Acoustically-Characterized Cochlear Nucleus Neurons: an in vivo iontophoretic study in guinea pig

Publication date: Available online 27 July 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Donald Robertson, Wilhelmina H.A.M. Mulders

Abstract

The responses of guinea pig cochlear nucleus neurons to in vivo iontophoretic application of various neurotransmitter agonists were recorded with extracellular multi-barrelled electrodes. Where possible, neurons were physiologically identified using strict criteria. Emphasis was placed on the action of cholinergic agonists in relation to the possible action of olivocochlear collateral innervation. Excitatory responses (increase in action potential firing) to glutamate were confirmed in a number of neuronal response types. Application of acetylcholine (ACh) or the broad spectrum cholinergic agonist carbachol produced reliable excitatory responses in about 47% of neurons (n= 29 out of 61 neurons). The remaining neurons were unresponsive to cholinergic agonists and no inhibitory responses were observed. Cholinergic responses were more common in dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) (73% of 30 neurons tested) than in ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) (23% of 31 neurons). Of the total neuron sample in which cholinergic responses were investigated, 41 neurons were able to be categorized according to established acoustic response features. Excitatory responses to cholinergic agonists were seen in “Pauser-buildup” (Pb) and “Transient chopper” (Ct) response types. Primary-like neurons (PL and Pn) as well as “Onset chopper” (Oc) neurons (n=6) were unresponsive to either ACh or carbachol. Oc neurons also did not show any effect on their acoustic responses. Robust cholinergic responses were also seen in several VCN and DCN neurons that were either unresponsive to sound, or had acoustic response properties that did not fit standard classification. The results suggest a relatively more robust cholinergic innervation of DCN compared to VCN. The excitatory cholinergic responses of some Ct neurons and the lack of effect on Oc neurons are consistent with previous results in mouse brain slice studies, but are in conflict with reports of medial olivocochlear collateral excitatory responses in onset-type neurons in vivo. The results also indicate that a number of neurons of unknown identity may also receive cholinergic input.

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Neural envelope encoding predicts speech perception performance for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired adults

Publication date: Available online 27 July 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Tine Goossens, Charlotte Vercammen, Jan Wouters, Astrid van Wieringen

Abstract

Peripheral hearing impairment cannot fully account for speech perception difficulties that emerge with advancing age. As the fluctuating speech envelope bears crucial information for speech perception, changes in temporal envelope processing are thought to contribute to degraded speech perception. Previous research has demonstrated changes in neural encoding of envelope modulations throughout the adult lifespan, either due to age or due to hearing impairment. To date, however, it remains unclear whether such age- and hearing-related neural changes are associated with impaired speech perception. In the present study, we investigated the potential relationship between perception of speech in different types of masking sounds and neural envelope encoding for a normal-hearing and hearing-impaired adult population including young (20-30 years), middle-aged (50-60 years), and older (70-80 years) people. Our analyses show that enhanced neural envelope encoding in the cortex and in the brainstem, respectively, is related to worse speech perception for normal-hearing and for hearing-impaired adults. This neural-behavioral correlation is found for the three age groups and appears to be independent of the type of masking noise, i.e., background noise or competing speech. These findings provide promising directions for future research aiming to develop advanced rehabilitation strategies for speech perception difficulties that emerge throughout adult life.

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Adversarial relationship between combined medial olivocochlear (MOC) and middle-ear-muscle (MEM) reflexes and alarm-in-noise detection thresholds under negative signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs)

Publication date: Available online 27 July 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Buddhika Karunarathne, Tingyi Wang, Richard H.Y. So, Anna C.S. Kam, Ray Meddis

Abstract

The role of auditory efferent feedback from the medial olivocochlear system (MOCS) and the middle-ear-muscle (MEM) reflex in tonal detection tasks for humans in the presence of noise is not clearly understood. Past studies have yielded inconsistent results on the relationship between efferent feedback and tonal detection thresholds. This study attempts to address this inconsistency. Fifteen human subjects with normal hearing participated in an experiment where they were asked to identify an alarm signal in the presence of 80 dBA background (pink) noise. Masked detection thresholds were estimated using the method of two-interval forced choice (2IFC). Contralateral suppression of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) was measured to estimate the strength of auditory efferent feedback. Subsequent correlation analysis revealed that the contralateral suppression of TEOAEs was significantly negatively correlated (r=-0.526, n=15, p=0.0438) with alarm-in-noise (AIN) detection thresholds under negative signal-to-noise conditions. The result implies that the stronger the auditory efferent feedback, the worse the detection thresholds and thus the poorer the tonal detection performance in the presence of loud noise.

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The effect of reward on listening effort as reflected by the pupil dilation response

Publication date: Available online 27 July 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Thomas Koelewijn, Adriana A. Zekveld, Thomas Lunner, Sophia E. Kramer

Abstract

Listening to speech in noise can be effortful but when motivated people seem to be more persevering. Previous research showed effects of monetary reward on autonomic responses like cardiovascular reactivity and pupil dilation while participants processed auditory information. The current study examined the effects of monetary reward on the processing of speech in noise and related listening effort as reflected by the pupil dilation response. Twenty-four participants (median age 21 yrs.) performed two speech reception threshold (SRT) tasks, one tracking 50% correct (hard) and one tracking 85% correct (easy), both of which they listened to and repeated sentences uttered by a female talker. The sentences were presented with a single male talker or, in a control condition, in quiet. Participants were told that they could earn a high (5 euros) or low (0.20 euro) reward when repeating 70% or more of the sentences correctly. Conditions were presented in a blocked fashion and during each trial, pupil diameter was recorded. At the end of each block, participants rated the effort they had experienced, their performance, and their tendency to quit listening. Additionally, participants performed a working memory capacity task and filled in a need-for-recovery questionnaire as these tap into factors that influence the pupil dilation response. The results showed no effect of reward on speech perception performance as reflected by the SRT. The peak pupil dilation showed a significantly larger response for high than for low reward, for the easy and hard conditions, but not the control condition. Higher need for recovery was associated with a higher subjective tendency to quit listening. Consistent with the Framework for Understanding Effortful Listening, we conclude that listening effort as reflected by the peak pupil dilation is sensitive to the amount of monetary reward.

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Cholinergic Responses of Acoustically-Characterized Cochlear Nucleus Neurons: an in vivo iontophoretic study in guinea pig

Publication date: Available online 27 July 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Donald Robertson, Wilhelmina H.A.M. Mulders

Abstract

The responses of guinea pig cochlear nucleus neurons to in vivo iontophoretic application of various neurotransmitter agonists were recorded with extracellular multi-barrelled electrodes. Where possible, neurons were physiologically identified using strict criteria. Emphasis was placed on the action of cholinergic agonists in relation to the possible action of olivocochlear collateral innervation. Excitatory responses (increase in action potential firing) to glutamate were confirmed in a number of neuronal response types. Application of acetylcholine (ACh) or the broad spectrum cholinergic agonist carbachol produced reliable excitatory responses in about 47% of neurons (n= 29 out of 61 neurons). The remaining neurons were unresponsive to cholinergic agonists and no inhibitory responses were observed. Cholinergic responses were more common in dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) (73% of 30 neurons tested) than in ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) (23% of 31 neurons). Of the total neuron sample in which cholinergic responses were investigated, 41 neurons were able to be categorized according to established acoustic response features. Excitatory responses to cholinergic agonists were seen in “Pauser-buildup” (Pb) and “Transient chopper” (Ct) response types. Primary-like neurons (PL and Pn) as well as “Onset chopper” (Oc) neurons (n=6) were unresponsive to either ACh or carbachol. Oc neurons also did not show any effect on their acoustic responses. Robust cholinergic responses were also seen in several VCN and DCN neurons that were either unresponsive to sound, or had acoustic response properties that did not fit standard classification. The results suggest a relatively more robust cholinergic innervation of DCN compared to VCN. The excitatory cholinergic responses of some Ct neurons and the lack of effect on Oc neurons are consistent with previous results in mouse brain slice studies, but are in conflict with reports of medial olivocochlear collateral excitatory responses in onset-type neurons in vivo. The results also indicate that a number of neurons of unknown identity may also receive cholinergic input.

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Neural envelope encoding predicts speech perception performance for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired adults

Publication date: Available online 27 July 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Tine Goossens, Charlotte Vercammen, Jan Wouters, Astrid van Wieringen

Abstract

Peripheral hearing impairment cannot fully account for speech perception difficulties that emerge with advancing age. As the fluctuating speech envelope bears crucial information for speech perception, changes in temporal envelope processing are thought to contribute to degraded speech perception. Previous research has demonstrated changes in neural encoding of envelope modulations throughout the adult lifespan, either due to age or due to hearing impairment. To date, however, it remains unclear whether such age- and hearing-related neural changes are associated with impaired speech perception. In the present study, we investigated the potential relationship between perception of speech in different types of masking sounds and neural envelope encoding for a normal-hearing and hearing-impaired adult population including young (20-30 years), middle-aged (50-60 years), and older (70-80 years) people. Our analyses show that enhanced neural envelope encoding in the cortex and in the brainstem, respectively, is related to worse speech perception for normal-hearing and for hearing-impaired adults. This neural-behavioral correlation is found for the three age groups and appears to be independent of the type of masking noise, i.e., background noise or competing speech. These findings provide promising directions for future research aiming to develop advanced rehabilitation strategies for speech perception difficulties that emerge throughout adult life.

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Adversarial relationship between combined medial olivocochlear (MOC) and middle-ear-muscle (MEM) reflexes and alarm-in-noise detection thresholds under negative signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs)

Publication date: Available online 27 July 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Buddhika Karunarathne, Tingyi Wang, Richard H.Y. So, Anna C.S. Kam, Ray Meddis

Abstract

The role of auditory efferent feedback from the medial olivocochlear system (MOCS) and the middle-ear-muscle (MEM) reflex in tonal detection tasks for humans in the presence of noise is not clearly understood. Past studies have yielded inconsistent results on the relationship between efferent feedback and tonal detection thresholds. This study attempts to address this inconsistency. Fifteen human subjects with normal hearing participated in an experiment where they were asked to identify an alarm signal in the presence of 80 dBA background (pink) noise. Masked detection thresholds were estimated using the method of two-interval forced choice (2IFC). Contralateral suppression of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) was measured to estimate the strength of auditory efferent feedback. Subsequent correlation analysis revealed that the contralateral suppression of TEOAEs was significantly negatively correlated (r=-0.526, n=15, p=0.0438) with alarm-in-noise (AIN) detection thresholds under negative signal-to-noise conditions. The result implies that the stronger the auditory efferent feedback, the worse the detection thresholds and thus the poorer the tonal detection performance in the presence of loud noise.

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The effect of reward on listening effort as reflected by the pupil dilation response

Publication date: Available online 27 July 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Thomas Koelewijn, Adriana A. Zekveld, Thomas Lunner, Sophia E. Kramer

Abstract

Listening to speech in noise can be effortful but when motivated people seem to be more persevering. Previous research showed effects of monetary reward on autonomic responses like cardiovascular reactivity and pupil dilation while participants processed auditory information. The current study examined the effects of monetary reward on the processing of speech in noise and related listening effort as reflected by the pupil dilation response. Twenty-four participants (median age 21 yrs.) performed two speech reception threshold (SRT) tasks, one tracking 50% correct (hard) and one tracking 85% correct (easy), both of which they listened to and repeated sentences uttered by a female talker. The sentences were presented with a single male talker or, in a control condition, in quiet. Participants were told that they could earn a high (5 euros) or low (0.20 euro) reward when repeating 70% or more of the sentences correctly. Conditions were presented in a blocked fashion and during each trial, pupil diameter was recorded. At the end of each block, participants rated the effort they had experienced, their performance, and their tendency to quit listening. Additionally, participants performed a working memory capacity task and filled in a need-for-recovery questionnaire as these tap into factors that influence the pupil dilation response. The results showed no effect of reward on speech perception performance as reflected by the SRT. The peak pupil dilation showed a significantly larger response for high than for low reward, for the easy and hard conditions, but not the control condition. Higher need for recovery was associated with a higher subjective tendency to quit listening. Consistent with the Framework for Understanding Effortful Listening, we conclude that listening effort as reflected by the peak pupil dilation is sensitive to the amount of monetary reward.

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Cholinergic Responses of Acoustically-Characterized Cochlear Nucleus Neurons: an in vivo iontophoretic study in guinea pig

Publication date: Available online 27 July 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Donald Robertson, Wilhelmina H.A.M. Mulders

Abstract

The responses of guinea pig cochlear nucleus neurons to in vivo iontophoretic application of various neurotransmitter agonists were recorded with extracellular multi-barrelled electrodes. Where possible, neurons were physiologically identified using strict criteria. Emphasis was placed on the action of cholinergic agonists in relation to the possible action of olivocochlear collateral innervation. Excitatory responses (increase in action potential firing) to glutamate were confirmed in a number of neuronal response types. Application of acetylcholine (ACh) or the broad spectrum cholinergic agonist carbachol produced reliable excitatory responses in about 47% of neurons (n= 29 out of 61 neurons). The remaining neurons were unresponsive to cholinergic agonists and no inhibitory responses were observed. Cholinergic responses were more common in dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) (73% of 30 neurons tested) than in ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) (23% of 31 neurons). Of the total neuron sample in which cholinergic responses were investigated, 41 neurons were able to be categorized according to established acoustic response features. Excitatory responses to cholinergic agonists were seen in “Pauser-buildup” (Pb) and “Transient chopper” (Ct) response types. Primary-like neurons (PL and Pn) as well as “Onset chopper” (Oc) neurons (n=6) were unresponsive to either ACh or carbachol. Oc neurons also did not show any effect on their acoustic responses. Robust cholinergic responses were also seen in several VCN and DCN neurons that were either unresponsive to sound, or had acoustic response properties that did not fit standard classification. The results suggest a relatively more robust cholinergic innervation of DCN compared to VCN. The excitatory cholinergic responses of some Ct neurons and the lack of effect on Oc neurons are consistent with previous results in mouse brain slice studies, but are in conflict with reports of medial olivocochlear collateral excitatory responses in onset-type neurons in vivo. The results also indicate that a number of neurons of unknown identity may also receive cholinergic input.

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Neural envelope encoding predicts speech perception performance for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired adults

Publication date: Available online 27 July 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Tine Goossens, Charlotte Vercammen, Jan Wouters, Astrid van Wieringen

Abstract

Peripheral hearing impairment cannot fully account for speech perception difficulties that emerge with advancing age. As the fluctuating speech envelope bears crucial information for speech perception, changes in temporal envelope processing are thought to contribute to degraded speech perception. Previous research has demonstrated changes in neural encoding of envelope modulations throughout the adult lifespan, either due to age or due to hearing impairment. To date, however, it remains unclear whether such age- and hearing-related neural changes are associated with impaired speech perception. In the present study, we investigated the potential relationship between perception of speech in different types of masking sounds and neural envelope encoding for a normal-hearing and hearing-impaired adult population including young (20-30 years), middle-aged (50-60 years), and older (70-80 years) people. Our analyses show that enhanced neural envelope encoding in the cortex and in the brainstem, respectively, is related to worse speech perception for normal-hearing and for hearing-impaired adults. This neural-behavioral correlation is found for the three age groups and appears to be independent of the type of masking noise, i.e., background noise or competing speech. These findings provide promising directions for future research aiming to develop advanced rehabilitation strategies for speech perception difficulties that emerge throughout adult life.

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Adversarial relationship between combined medial olivocochlear (MOC) and middle-ear-muscle (MEM) reflexes and alarm-in-noise detection thresholds under negative signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs)

Publication date: Available online 27 July 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Buddhika Karunarathne, Tingyi Wang, Richard H.Y. So, Anna C.S. Kam, Ray Meddis

Abstract

The role of auditory efferent feedback from the medial olivocochlear system (MOCS) and the middle-ear-muscle (MEM) reflex in tonal detection tasks for humans in the presence of noise is not clearly understood. Past studies have yielded inconsistent results on the relationship between efferent feedback and tonal detection thresholds. This study attempts to address this inconsistency. Fifteen human subjects with normal hearing participated in an experiment where they were asked to identify an alarm signal in the presence of 80 dBA background (pink) noise. Masked detection thresholds were estimated using the method of two-interval forced choice (2IFC). Contralateral suppression of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) was measured to estimate the strength of auditory efferent feedback. Subsequent correlation analysis revealed that the contralateral suppression of TEOAEs was significantly negatively correlated (r=-0.526, n=15, p=0.0438) with alarm-in-noise (AIN) detection thresholds under negative signal-to-noise conditions. The result implies that the stronger the auditory efferent feedback, the worse the detection thresholds and thus the poorer the tonal detection performance in the presence of loud noise.

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via IFTTT

The effect of reward on listening effort as reflected by the pupil dilation response

Publication date: Available online 27 July 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Thomas Koelewijn, Adriana A. Zekveld, Thomas Lunner, Sophia E. Kramer

Abstract

Listening to speech in noise can be effortful but when motivated people seem to be more persevering. Previous research showed effects of monetary reward on autonomic responses like cardiovascular reactivity and pupil dilation while participants processed auditory information. The current study examined the effects of monetary reward on the processing of speech in noise and related listening effort as reflected by the pupil dilation response. Twenty-four participants (median age 21 yrs.) performed two speech reception threshold (SRT) tasks, one tracking 50% correct (hard) and one tracking 85% correct (easy), both of which they listened to and repeated sentences uttered by a female talker. The sentences were presented with a single male talker or, in a control condition, in quiet. Participants were told that they could earn a high (5 euros) or low (0.20 euro) reward when repeating 70% or more of the sentences correctly. Conditions were presented in a blocked fashion and during each trial, pupil diameter was recorded. At the end of each block, participants rated the effort they had experienced, their performance, and their tendency to quit listening. Additionally, participants performed a working memory capacity task and filled in a need-for-recovery questionnaire as these tap into factors that influence the pupil dilation response. The results showed no effect of reward on speech perception performance as reflected by the SRT. The peak pupil dilation showed a significantly larger response for high than for low reward, for the easy and hard conditions, but not the control condition. Higher need for recovery was associated with a higher subjective tendency to quit listening. Consistent with the Framework for Understanding Effortful Listening, we conclude that listening effort as reflected by the peak pupil dilation is sensitive to the amount of monetary reward.

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via IFTTT

Cholinergic Responses of Acoustically-Characterized Cochlear Nucleus Neurons: an in vivo iontophoretic study in guinea pig

Publication date: Available online 27 July 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Donald Robertson, Wilhelmina H.A.M. Mulders

Abstract

The responses of guinea pig cochlear nucleus neurons to in vivo iontophoretic application of various neurotransmitter agonists were recorded with extracellular multi-barrelled electrodes. Where possible, neurons were physiologically identified using strict criteria. Emphasis was placed on the action of cholinergic agonists in relation to the possible action of olivocochlear collateral innervation. Excitatory responses (increase in action potential firing) to glutamate were confirmed in a number of neuronal response types. Application of acetylcholine (ACh) or the broad spectrum cholinergic agonist carbachol produced reliable excitatory responses in about 47% of neurons (n= 29 out of 61 neurons). The remaining neurons were unresponsive to cholinergic agonists and no inhibitory responses were observed. Cholinergic responses were more common in dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) (73% of 30 neurons tested) than in ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) (23% of 31 neurons). Of the total neuron sample in which cholinergic responses were investigated, 41 neurons were able to be categorized according to established acoustic response features. Excitatory responses to cholinergic agonists were seen in “Pauser-buildup” (Pb) and “Transient chopper” (Ct) response types. Primary-like neurons (PL and Pn) as well as “Onset chopper” (Oc) neurons (n=6) were unresponsive to either ACh or carbachol. Oc neurons also did not show any effect on their acoustic responses. Robust cholinergic responses were also seen in several VCN and DCN neurons that were either unresponsive to sound, or had acoustic response properties that did not fit standard classification. The results suggest a relatively more robust cholinergic innervation of DCN compared to VCN. The excitatory cholinergic responses of some Ct neurons and the lack of effect on Oc neurons are consistent with previous results in mouse brain slice studies, but are in conflict with reports of medial olivocochlear collateral excitatory responses in onset-type neurons in vivo. The results also indicate that a number of neurons of unknown identity may also receive cholinergic input.

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Neural envelope encoding predicts speech perception performance for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired adults

Publication date: Available online 27 July 2018

Source: Hearing Research

Author(s): Tine Goossens, Charlotte Vercammen, Jan Wouters, Astrid van Wieringen

Abstract

Peripheral hearing impairment cannot fully account for speech perception difficulties that emerge with advancing age. As the fluctuating speech envelope bears crucial information for speech perception, changes in temporal envelope processing are thought to contribute to degraded speech perception. Previous research has demonstrated changes in neural encoding of envelope modulations throughout the adult lifespan, either due to age or due to hearing impairment. To date, however, it remains unclear whether such age- and hearing-related neural changes are associated with impaired speech perception. In the present study, we investigated the potential relationship between perception of speech in different types of masking sounds and neural envelope encoding for a normal-hearing and hearing-impaired adult population including young (20-30 years), middle-aged (50-60 years), and older (70-80 years) people. Our analyses show that enhanced neural envelope encoding in the cortex and in the brainstem, respectively, is related to worse speech perception for normal-hearing and for hearing-impaired adults. This neural-behavioral correlation is found for the three age groups and appears to be independent of the type of masking noise, i.e., background noise or competing speech. These findings provide promising directions for future research aiming to develop advanced rehabilitation strategies for speech perception difficulties that emerge throughout adult life.

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Pedobarograph and patient reported outcome after hallux valgus surgery

Publication date: Available online 27 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Mohanad Al-Bayati, Jacques Riad

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Pedobarograph and patient reported outcome after hallux valgus surgery

Publication date: Available online 27 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Mohanad Al-Bayati, Jacques Riad

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P 127 - A pilot study of forward bending, lateral flexion and axial rotation of the spine in healthy subjects

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): B. Piovanelli, P. Pedersini, R. Buraschi, J. Pollet, S. Piotti, S. Pedretti, S. Negrini

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P 085 - Walk to run transition in children with cerebral palsy

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): S. Scharr, F. Salami, L. Staut, B. Krautwurst, S. Wolf

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P 166 - Use of 3D Gait Analysis to Measure Clinical Outcome in a Stiff Person Syndrome

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): A. Romano, T. Schirinzi, A. Sancesario, M. Favetta, S. Summa, S. Minosse, G. Vasco, G. Della Bella, E. Castelli, M. Petrarca

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O 035 - A novel method to measure step width during the swing phase of gait

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): T. Bäcklund, F. Öhberg, H. Grip, G. Johansson, N. Sundström

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P 163 - Validation of the Foot Profile Score

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): J. McCahill, J. Stebbins, A. Lewis, R. Prescott, J. Harlaar, T. Theologis

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Transtibial Amputee Gait during Slope Walking with the Unity Suspension System

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Hossein Gholizadeh, Edward D. Lemaire, Emily H. Sinitski

ABSTRACT

Background

People with lower limb amputation may experience walking limitations on slopes because of missg musculoskeletal and neuromuscular systems. Elevated vacuum suspension could benefit transtibial amputee gait for slope walking, but research is lacking to inform clinical practice.

Methods

Twelve people with unilateral transtibial amputation were fitted with the Unity elevated vacuum suspension system (Össur) and Pro-Flex XC foot. 3D motion analysis was performed for 7° incline, 7° decline, and level walking within a CAREN-Extended system virtual Park environment. Randomized and blinded walking trials were completed with the vacuum active or inactive.

Results

Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between vacuum conditions when walking uphill or downhill for temporal spatial, kinematic, and kinetic gait parameters; however, effect sizes were small (r≤0.35). Prosthetic step length decreased for both vacuum conditions on downhill compared to uphill walking. Symmetry index was <10% for step length, step time, and stance time for both vacuum condition during downhill walking, indicating acceptable symmetry. During incline walking, step length was only symmetrical with active vacuum. Knee range of motion was not restricted, for both conditions.

Conclusion

Active vacuum improved gait symmetry for incline walking, but the other differences between vacuum conditions were small and may not be clinically significant. Therefore, the Unity system approach for elevated vacuum suspension had a positive, but small, effect on walking and should maintain appropriate walking even with vacuum failure, until limb volume changes adversely affect socket fit (i.e., elevated vacuum helps control limb volume fluctuations over time).

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O 109 - Post-treatment muscle coordination patterns during gait are highly similar to pre-treatment ones in CP children

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): L. Pitto, D. Kaat, M. Guy, H. Catherine, D.G. Friedl, J. Ilse

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The clinical use of an Asymmetry Index (AI) calculated from Centre of Mass data to distinguish between normal and pathological gait

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Victoria Kidgell, Emma Pratt, Wendy Dickens

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via IFTTT

O 073 - Effect of Trunk Motion Restriction on the Muscle Activities of Shoulder External Rotators during Throwing

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): K. Anami, Y. Urabe, J. Sasadai, M. Komiya, R. Hashimoto, N. Meada

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via IFTTT

P 178 - Effect of a 8 week Whole-Body-Vibration Training on muscle strength and dynamic balance in healthy men

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): N. Maeda, Y. Urabe, J. Sasadai, M. Komiya

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via IFTTT

P 172 - Pre-compressing springs in orthotic ankle joints enhance the effect of a dynamic dorsiflexion stop on patients with weak plantar flexors

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): D. Sabbagh, J. Fior, R. Gentz

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via IFTTT

P 027 - Feasability study of the use of silicon electrodes for EMG

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): J. Leboucher, S. Scharr, D. Heitzmann, J. Block, B. Bertram, F. Salami, M. Alimusaj, S. Wolf

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via IFTTT

P 021 – Hip-knee and knee-ankle interjoint coordination during short-track speed skating

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Y.H. Kim, B. Khuyagbaatar, T. Purevsuren, K. Kim

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via IFTTT

P 150 – Assessment of functional tasks related to the risk of falling in people with Alzheimer

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): J. López-Pascual, J. Hurtado Abellán, G. Espí-López, P. Serra-Añó

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THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT POSTURAL POSITIONS AND VISUAL INPUT ON RECRUITMENT OF MASTICATORY MUSCLES: A FEASIBILITY STUDY

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Ana Francisca Rozin Kleiner, Cláudia Lucia Pimenta Ferreira, Giovana Cestaro, Regiani Elvira Fosatto Luiz, Vania Daniela Ramos da Silva, Alessandro Nanussi, Matteo Zago, Chiarella Sforza, Manuela Galli

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O 088 - Evaluation of pre- and postoperative gait parameters after derotation osteotomy of the tibia taking into account the intraoperative derotation value

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): F. Unglaube, A. Kranzl

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via IFTTT

P 060 - The impact of postural weakness on running kinematics in healthy children – Results of the Barefoot LIFE-study

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): I.M. Albertsen, K. Hollander, B. Brockmann, D. Hamacher, S. Sehner, R. Stücker, A. Zech, K. Babin

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via IFTTT

P 096 - Differences in postural stability in the elderly: Not all tests measure the same

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): A. D’Angeles, P. Kutilek, S. Viteckova, E. Kutilkova, Z. Svoboda, M. Janura, L. Bizovska, M. Hamrikova

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via IFTTT

P 177 - The Infraspinatus Muscle Activity during Throwing Motion in Baseball Player with Throwing Injury

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): S. Kotoshiba, Y. Urabe, N. Maeda, J. Sasadai, M. Hara

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via IFTTT

O 077 - Electromyography for determination of muscle response: Effects of Parkinson disease

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): V. Svozilová, O. Vallová, K. Bucsuházy

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via IFTTT

P 127 - A pilot study of forward bending, lateral flexion and axial rotation of the spine in healthy subjects

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): B. Piovanelli, P. Pedersini, R. Buraschi, J. Pollet, S. Piotti, S. Pedretti, S. Negrini

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via IFTTT

P 085 - Walk to run transition in children with cerebral palsy

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): S. Scharr, F. Salami, L. Staut, B. Krautwurst, S. Wolf

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via IFTTT

P 166 - Use of 3D Gait Analysis to Measure Clinical Outcome in a Stiff Person Syndrome

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): A. Romano, T. Schirinzi, A. Sancesario, M. Favetta, S. Summa, S. Minosse, G. Vasco, G. Della Bella, E. Castelli, M. Petrarca

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via IFTTT

O 035 - A novel method to measure step width during the swing phase of gait

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): T. Bäcklund, F. Öhberg, H. Grip, G. Johansson, N. Sundström

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via IFTTT

P 163 - Validation of the Foot Profile Score

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): J. McCahill, J. Stebbins, A. Lewis, R. Prescott, J. Harlaar, T. Theologis

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via IFTTT

Transtibial Amputee Gait during Slope Walking with the Unity Suspension System

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Hossein Gholizadeh, Edward D. Lemaire, Emily H. Sinitski

ABSTRACT

Background

People with lower limb amputation may experience walking limitations on slopes because of missg musculoskeletal and neuromuscular systems. Elevated vacuum suspension could benefit transtibial amputee gait for slope walking, but research is lacking to inform clinical practice.

Methods

Twelve people with unilateral transtibial amputation were fitted with the Unity elevated vacuum suspension system (Össur) and Pro-Flex XC foot. 3D motion analysis was performed for 7° incline, 7° decline, and level walking within a CAREN-Extended system virtual Park environment. Randomized and blinded walking trials were completed with the vacuum active or inactive.

Results

Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between vacuum conditions when walking uphill or downhill for temporal spatial, kinematic, and kinetic gait parameters; however, effect sizes were small (r≤0.35). Prosthetic step length decreased for both vacuum conditions on downhill compared to uphill walking. Symmetry index was <10% for step length, step time, and stance time for both vacuum condition during downhill walking, indicating acceptable symmetry. During incline walking, step length was only symmetrical with active vacuum. Knee range of motion was not restricted, for both conditions.

Conclusion

Active vacuum improved gait symmetry for incline walking, but the other differences between vacuum conditions were small and may not be clinically significant. Therefore, the Unity system approach for elevated vacuum suspension had a positive, but small, effect on walking and should maintain appropriate walking even with vacuum failure, until limb volume changes adversely affect socket fit (i.e., elevated vacuum helps control limb volume fluctuations over time).

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O 109 - Post-treatment muscle coordination patterns during gait are highly similar to pre-treatment ones in CP children

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): L. Pitto, D. Kaat, M. Guy, H. Catherine, D.G. Friedl, J. Ilse

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2v5BtPG
via IFTTT

The clinical use of an Asymmetry Index (AI) calculated from Centre of Mass data to distinguish between normal and pathological gait

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Victoria Kidgell, Emma Pratt, Wendy Dickens

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2OiiNoC
via IFTTT

O 073 - Effect of Trunk Motion Restriction on the Muscle Activities of Shoulder External Rotators during Throwing

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): K. Anami, Y. Urabe, J. Sasadai, M. Komiya, R. Hashimoto, N. Meada

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2v9zlXj
via IFTTT

P 178 - Effect of a 8 week Whole-Body-Vibration Training on muscle strength and dynamic balance in healthy men

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): N. Maeda, Y. Urabe, J. Sasadai, M. Komiya

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2LuAxQ4
via IFTTT

P 172 - Pre-compressing springs in orthotic ankle joints enhance the effect of a dynamic dorsiflexion stop on patients with weak plantar flexors

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): D. Sabbagh, J. Fior, R. Gentz

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2vaC3f5
via IFTTT

P 027 - Feasability study of the use of silicon electrodes for EMG

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): J. Leboucher, S. Scharr, D. Heitzmann, J. Block, B. Bertram, F. Salami, M. Alimusaj, S. Wolf

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2OjXuTK
via IFTTT

P 021 – Hip-knee and knee-ankle interjoint coordination during short-track speed skating

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Y.H. Kim, B. Khuyagbaatar, T. Purevsuren, K. Kim

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2vaP6gr
via IFTTT

P 150 – Assessment of functional tasks related to the risk of falling in people with Alzheimer

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): J. López-Pascual, J. Hurtado Abellán, G. Espí-López, P. Serra-Añó

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via IFTTT

THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT POSTURAL POSITIONS AND VISUAL INPUT ON RECRUITMENT OF MASTICATORY MUSCLES: A FEASIBILITY STUDY

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Ana Francisca Rozin Kleiner, Cláudia Lucia Pimenta Ferreira, Giovana Cestaro, Regiani Elvira Fosatto Luiz, Vania Daniela Ramos da Silva, Alessandro Nanussi, Matteo Zago, Chiarella Sforza, Manuela Galli

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via IFTTT

O 088 - Evaluation of pre- and postoperative gait parameters after derotation osteotomy of the tibia taking into account the intraoperative derotation value

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): F. Unglaube, A. Kranzl

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Lu9cgV
via IFTTT

P 060 - The impact of postural weakness on running kinematics in healthy children – Results of the Barefoot LIFE-study

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): I.M. Albertsen, K. Hollander, B. Brockmann, D. Hamacher, S. Sehner, R. Stücker, A. Zech, K. Babin

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2v5P0H5
via IFTTT

P 096 - Differences in postural stability in the elderly: Not all tests measure the same

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): A. D’Angeles, P. Kutilek, S. Viteckova, E. Kutilkova, Z. Svoboda, M. Janura, L. Bizovska, M. Hamrikova

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2Lu97K9
via IFTTT

P 177 - The Infraspinatus Muscle Activity during Throwing Motion in Baseball Player with Throwing Injury

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): S. Kotoshiba, Y. Urabe, N. Maeda, J. Sasadai, M. Hara

from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader https://ift.tt/2v5AUW4
via IFTTT

O 077 - Electromyography for determination of muscle response: Effects of Parkinson disease

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): V. Svozilová, O. Vallová, K. Bucsuházy

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via IFTTT

Effects of Different Electrode Configurations on the Narrow Band Level-Specific CE-Chirp and Tone-Burst Auditory Brainstem Response at Multiple Intensity Levels and Frequencies in Subjects With Normal Hearing

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of 2 different electrode montages (ipsilateral and vertical) on the auditory brainstem response (ABR) findings elicited from narrow band (NB) level-specific (LS) CE-Chirp and tone-burst in subjects with normal hearing at several intensity levels and frequency combinations.

Method

Quasi-experimental and repeated-measures study designs were used in this study. Twenty-six adults with normal hearing (17 females, 9 males) participated. ABRs were acquired from the study participants at 3 intensity levels (80, 60, and 40 dB nHL), 3 frequencies (500, 1000, and 2000 Hz), 2 electrode montages (ipsilateral and vertical), and 2 stimuli (NB LS CE-Chirp and tone-burst) using 2 stopping criteria (fixed averages at 4,000 sweeps and F test at multiple points = 3.1).

Results

Wave V amplitudes were only 19%–26% larger for the vertical recordings than the ipsilateral recordings in both the ABRs obtained from the NB LS CE-Chirp and tone-burst stimuli. The mean differences in the F test at multiple points values and the residual noise levels between the ABRs obtained from the vertical and ipsilateral montages were statistically not significant. In addition, the ABR elicited from the NB LS CE-Chirp was significantly larger (up to 69%) than those from the tone-burst, except at the lower intensity level.

Conclusion

Both the ipsilateral and vertical montages can be used to record ABR to the NB LS CE-Chirp because of the small enhancement in the wave V amplitude provided by the vertical montage.

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The Role of Audiologists in Assuring Follow-Up to Outpatient Screening in Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Systems

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of audiology involvement and other factors associated with failure to follow through from the initial hearing screening to the second outpatient screen.

Method

Linear regression, logistical regression, and descriptive analyses were used across demographic and hospital variables associated with infants who did not receive a follow-up outpatient screen.

Results

The results included birthing hospital outpatient rescreen rates from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2005. Variables were collected from the birth certificate and hospital surveys. Results showed higher loss to follow-up/documentation to outpatient screen for (a) infants born in hospitals with low rates for returning for follow-up, (b) infants born in hospitals that did not have an audiologist involved, (c) infants who were Hispanic, (d) infants who were born to mothers who were not married, (e) infants with mother's with < 12 years of education, and (f) infants with Apgar scores of 7 or below.

Conclusions

The findings were used to identify quality improvement strategies to decrease the loss to follow-up. Strategies included ensuring audiology support, providing information in the parent's native language, educating personnel in the newborn intensive care units, developing and disseminating information in Spanish in written form, and educating hospitals on the importance of scheduling the outpatient rescreening before hospital discharge.

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Effects of Different Electrode Configurations on the Narrow Band Level-Specific CE-Chirp and Tone-Burst Auditory Brainstem Response at Multiple Intensity Levels and Frequencies in Subjects With Normal Hearing

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of 2 different electrode montages (ipsilateral and vertical) on the auditory brainstem response (ABR) findings elicited from narrow band (NB) level-specific (LS) CE-Chirp and tone-burst in subjects with normal hearing at several intensity levels and frequency combinations.

Method

Quasi-experimental and repeated-measures study designs were used in this study. Twenty-six adults with normal hearing (17 females, 9 males) participated. ABRs were acquired from the study participants at 3 intensity levels (80, 60, and 40 dB nHL), 3 frequencies (500, 1000, and 2000 Hz), 2 electrode montages (ipsilateral and vertical), and 2 stimuli (NB LS CE-Chirp and tone-burst) using 2 stopping criteria (fixed averages at 4,000 sweeps and F test at multiple points = 3.1).

Results

Wave V amplitudes were only 19%–26% larger for the vertical recordings than the ipsilateral recordings in both the ABRs obtained from the NB LS CE-Chirp and tone-burst stimuli. The mean differences in the F test at multiple points values and the residual noise levels between the ABRs obtained from the vertical and ipsilateral montages were statistically not significant. In addition, the ABR elicited from the NB LS CE-Chirp was significantly larger (up to 69%) than those from the tone-burst, except at the lower intensity level.

Conclusion

Both the ipsilateral and vertical montages can be used to record ABR to the NB LS CE-Chirp because of the small enhancement in the wave V amplitude provided by the vertical montage.

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via IFTTT

The Role of Audiologists in Assuring Follow-Up to Outpatient Screening in Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Systems

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of audiology involvement and other factors associated with failure to follow through from the initial hearing screening to the second outpatient screen.

Method

Linear regression, logistical regression, and descriptive analyses were used across demographic and hospital variables associated with infants who did not receive a follow-up outpatient screen.

Results

The results included birthing hospital outpatient rescreen rates from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2005. Variables were collected from the birth certificate and hospital surveys. Results showed higher loss to follow-up/documentation to outpatient screen for (a) infants born in hospitals with low rates for returning for follow-up, (b) infants born in hospitals that did not have an audiologist involved, (c) infants who were Hispanic, (d) infants who were born to mothers who were not married, (e) infants with mother's with < 12 years of education, and (f) infants with Apgar scores of 7 or below.

Conclusions

The findings were used to identify quality improvement strategies to decrease the loss to follow-up. Strategies included ensuring audiology support, providing information in the parent's native language, educating personnel in the newborn intensive care units, developing and disseminating information in Spanish in written form, and educating hospitals on the importance of scheduling the outpatient rescreening before hospital discharge.

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Measuring Sound-Processor Thresholds for Pediatric Cochlear Implant Recipients Using Visual Reinforcement Audiometry via Telepractice

Purpose

The goal of this study was to test the feasibility of using telepractice for measuring behavioral thresholds (T levels) in young children with cochlear implants (CIs) using visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA). Specifically, we examined whether there were significant differences in T levels, test time, or measurement success rate between in-person and remote test conditions.

Method

Data were collected for 17 children, aged 1.1–3.4 years. A within-subject AB-BA (A, in-person; B, remote) study design was used, with data collection typically occurring over 2 visits. T levels were measured during each test session using VRA for one basal, middle, and apical electrode. Two additional outcome measures included test time and response success rate, the latter of which was calculated as the ratio of the number of electrode thresholds successfully measured versus attempted. All 3 outcome measures were compared between the in-person and remote sessions. Last, a parent/caregiver questionnaire was administered at the end of the study to evaluate subjective aspects of remote versus traditional CI programming.

Results

Results showed no significant difference in T levels between in-person and remote test conditions. There were also no significant differences in test time or measurement success rate between the two conditions. The questionnaires indicated that 82% of parents or caregivers would use telepractice for routine CI programming visits some or all of the time if the option was available.

Conclusion

Results from this study suggest that telepractice can be used successfully to set T levels for young children with CIs using VRA.

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The Effects of Emotion Suppression During Language Planning and Production

Purpose

Emotion regulation and language planning occur in parallel during interactive communication, but their processes are often studied separately. It has been suggested that emotion suppression and more complex language production both recruit cognitive resources. However, it is currently less clear how the language planning and production system is impacted when required to emotionally suppress outward displays of affect (i.e., expressive suppression). The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the interactive effects of emotion regulation and language production processes.

Method

Through discourse analysis of a corpus of interactive dialogue, we evaluated the production of interjections (i.e., also termed “filled pauses,” a type of speech disfluency) when participants regulated outward displays of emotion and when language was lexically complex (i.e., via lexical diversity). One participant (the sender) was assigned to either express or suppress affective displays during the interaction. The other person (the receiver) was given no special instructions before the interaction. The interactions were transcribed, and their linguistic content (i.e., lexical diversity, lexical alignment, and interjections) was analyzed.

Results

Results indicated that participants actively suppressing outward displays of affect produced more interjections and that participants asked to emotionally regulate, both expressors and suppressors, were more disfluent when producing lexically diverse statements (2 cognitively demanding tasks).

Conclusions

The current research provides support that, when suppressing emotion, one might be more disfluent when speaking. However, also when engaged in 2 simultaneous, demanding tasks of having to either upregulate or downregulate emotions and utter lexically diverse statements, the combined cognitive load may impede fluency in language production. More specifically, in the context of language planning and production, emotion suppression may pilfer resources away from the language planning and production system, leading to higher rates of disfluent speech. This finding is of particular importance because understanding the interactive effects of emotion and language production may be impactful to interventions for communication disorders.

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Incorporating a Peer-Mediated Approach Into Speech-Generating Device Intervention: Effects on Communication of Preschoolers With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Purpose

This study examined the effects of incorporating a peer-mediated approach into a speech-generating device (SGD) intervention on communication of 45 nonverbal and minimally verbal preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 95 peers without disabilities. The SGD was an iPad 2 (Apple) with voice output app.

Method

Effects were evaluated using a multivariate randomized control trial design with repeated measures for 4 cohorts across baseline, intervention, generalization, and maintenance phases. Children were randomly assigned to an experimental treatment that trained peers on use of the SGD or a business-as-usual comparison condition with untrained peers. Communication outcomes were measured for both children with ASD and peers.

Results

Children receiving the treatment demonstrated significant increases in rates of communication and more balanced responses and initiations (a measure of reciprocity) than children in the comparison group. They were able to generalize improvements and maintain communication gains. Treatment fidelity was high for school staff and peer implementation.

Conclusions

Results support positive effects on communication of teaching young children with ASD and peers without disabilities to use the same SGD system in typical preschool activities. SGD interventions that utilize peer-mediated approaches may improve core deficits in communication and reciprocity and allow for greater classroom social participation and interactions with peers.

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Measuring Sound-Processor Thresholds for Pediatric Cochlear Implant Recipients Using Visual Reinforcement Audiometry via Telepractice

Purpose

The goal of this study was to test the feasibility of using telepractice for measuring behavioral thresholds (T levels) in young children with cochlear implants (CIs) using visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA). Specifically, we examined whether there were significant differences in T levels, test time, or measurement success rate between in-person and remote test conditions.

Method

Data were collected for 17 children, aged 1.1–3.4 years. A within-subject AB-BA (A, in-person; B, remote) study design was used, with data collection typically occurring over 2 visits. T levels were measured during each test session using VRA for one basal, middle, and apical electrode. Two additional outcome measures included test time and response success rate, the latter of which was calculated as the ratio of the number of electrode thresholds successfully measured versus attempted. All 3 outcome measures were compared between the in-person and remote sessions. Last, a parent/caregiver questionnaire was administered at the end of the study to evaluate subjective aspects of remote versus traditional CI programming.

Results

Results showed no significant difference in T levels between in-person and remote test conditions. There were also no significant differences in test time or measurement success rate between the two conditions. The questionnaires indicated that 82% of parents or caregivers would use telepractice for routine CI programming visits some or all of the time if the option was available.

Conclusion

Results from this study suggest that telepractice can be used successfully to set T levels for young children with CIs using VRA.

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via IFTTT

The Effects of Emotion Suppression During Language Planning and Production

Purpose

Emotion regulation and language planning occur in parallel during interactive communication, but their processes are often studied separately. It has been suggested that emotion suppression and more complex language production both recruit cognitive resources. However, it is currently less clear how the language planning and production system is impacted when required to emotionally suppress outward displays of affect (i.e., expressive suppression). The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the interactive effects of emotion regulation and language production processes.

Method

Through discourse analysis of a corpus of interactive dialogue, we evaluated the production of interjections (i.e., also termed “filled pauses,” a type of speech disfluency) when participants regulated outward displays of emotion and when language was lexically complex (i.e., via lexical diversity). One participant (the sender) was assigned to either express or suppress affective displays during the interaction. The other person (the receiver) was given no special instructions before the interaction. The interactions were transcribed, and their linguistic content (i.e., lexical diversity, lexical alignment, and interjections) was analyzed.

Results

Results indicated that participants actively suppressing outward displays of affect produced more interjections and that participants asked to emotionally regulate, both expressors and suppressors, were more disfluent when producing lexically diverse statements (2 cognitively demanding tasks).

Conclusions

The current research provides support that, when suppressing emotion, one might be more disfluent when speaking. However, also when engaged in 2 simultaneous, demanding tasks of having to either upregulate or downregulate emotions and utter lexically diverse statements, the combined cognitive load may impede fluency in language production. More specifically, in the context of language planning and production, emotion suppression may pilfer resources away from the language planning and production system, leading to higher rates of disfluent speech. This finding is of particular importance because understanding the interactive effects of emotion and language production may be impactful to interventions for communication disorders.

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via IFTTT

Incorporating a Peer-Mediated Approach Into Speech-Generating Device Intervention: Effects on Communication of Preschoolers With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Purpose

This study examined the effects of incorporating a peer-mediated approach into a speech-generating device (SGD) intervention on communication of 45 nonverbal and minimally verbal preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 95 peers without disabilities. The SGD was an iPad 2 (Apple) with voice output app.

Method

Effects were evaluated using a multivariate randomized control trial design with repeated measures for 4 cohorts across baseline, intervention, generalization, and maintenance phases. Children were randomly assigned to an experimental treatment that trained peers on use of the SGD or a business-as-usual comparison condition with untrained peers. Communication outcomes were measured for both children with ASD and peers.

Results

Children receiving the treatment demonstrated significant increases in rates of communication and more balanced responses and initiations (a measure of reciprocity) than children in the comparison group. They were able to generalize improvements and maintain communication gains. Treatment fidelity was high for school staff and peer implementation.

Conclusions

Results support positive effects on communication of teaching young children with ASD and peers without disabilities to use the same SGD system in typical preschool activities. SGD interventions that utilize peer-mediated approaches may improve core deficits in communication and reciprocity and allow for greater classroom social participation and interactions with peers.

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P 057 - Kinematic changes of pregnant gait during pregnancy and post-partum

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Sachiko Wada, Shigehito Matsubara

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P 057 - Kinematic changes of pregnant gait during pregnancy and post-partum

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Sachiko Wada, Shigehito Matsubara

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O 096 - How abnormal is normal? Stride-to-stride variability and effects of age on the gait of typically developing children

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): L. Oudenhoven, A. Booth, A. Buizer, M. van der Krogt

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P 035 - Kinematic Factors Generated Forward Propulsion in Wheelchair Marathon

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): M. Miyake, S. Matsubara

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P 121 - Instrumenting the clinical examination: A proof of concept study

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): E. Pratt, W. Dickens, A. Offiah, D. Burke, D. Hawley

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P 148 - Synergy complexity during maximal voluntary isometric contractions

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): M. Goudriaan, B.R. Shuman, K.M. Steele, G. Molenaers, N. Goemans, K. Desloovere

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Timed Up and Go test and wearable inertial sensor: Combining tool to assess mobility in a child after orthopedic surgery

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Paulo Roberto Fonseca Junior, Cláudia Santos Oliveira, Fabiano Politti

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O 046 - A flexible omnibus matching algorithm (FOMA) to support treatment decisions for children with cerebral palsy

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): M. Schwartz

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O 090 - Does the Powers™ strap modify lower limb biomechanics during running in individuals with patellofemoral pain?

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): H. Greuel, L. Herrington, A. Liu, R.K. Jones

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O 096 - How abnormal is normal? Stride-to-stride variability and effects of age on the gait of typically developing children

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): L. Oudenhoven, A. Booth, A. Buizer, M. van der Krogt

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P 035 - Kinematic Factors Generated Forward Propulsion in Wheelchair Marathon

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): M. Miyake, S. Matsubara

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P 121 - Instrumenting the clinical examination: A proof of concept study

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): E. Pratt, W. Dickens, A. Offiah, D. Burke, D. Hawley

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P 148 - Synergy complexity during maximal voluntary isometric contractions

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): M. Goudriaan, B.R. Shuman, K.M. Steele, G. Molenaers, N. Goemans, K. Desloovere

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Timed Up and Go test and wearable inertial sensor: Combining tool to assess mobility in a child after orthopedic surgery

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Paulo Roberto Fonseca Junior, Cláudia Santos Oliveira, Fabiano Politti

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O 046 - A flexible omnibus matching algorithm (FOMA) to support treatment decisions for children with cerebral palsy

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): M. Schwartz

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O 090 - Does the Powers™ strap modify lower limb biomechanics during running in individuals with patellofemoral pain?

Publication date: Available online 26 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): H. Greuel, L. Herrington, A. Liu, R.K. Jones

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Hearing Loss Film “Hearing Hope” Captures Personal Strength, Scientific Vision

National nonprofit organization Hearing Health Foundation (HHF) has created a new short film, “Hearing Hope,” to expand awareness of hearing health through the voices of those who benefit from and those who carry out the foundation’s life-changing work.

The third most prevalent chronic physical condition in the U.S., hearing loss can affect anyone—from first-grader Emmy to retired U.S. Army Colonel John—but its reach is often underestimated. “It’s one of the most common sensory deficits in humans,” explains cochlear implant surgeon Dr. Anil Lalwani. “I think we have to go from it being hidden to being visible.”

Both a hearing aid user and cochlear implant recipient, seventh-grader Alex is doing his part to make hearing loss less hidden. Smiling, he says he wants people to know that hearing with his devices makes him happy. John wishes to be an advocate for veterans and all who live with hearing loss and tinnitus.

The film also highlights resilience in response to the challenges associated with hearing conditions. Video participant Renee saw her dream of becoming an astronaut halted at 17 when her hearing loss was detected. Now she helps send people to space as an engineer at NASA.

Sophia describes the “low, low rock bottom” she hit when she was diagnosed with Usher Syndrome, the leading cause of deafblindness. Yet she feels special knowing her disability shapes her and sets her apart.

Jason recounts having no resources for hearing loss in children when his son, Ethan, failed his newborn hearing screening. Today he’s grateful for Ethan’s aptitude for language, made possible through his early hearing loss intervention.

With the support of HHF, more progress is made each year. “I’m glad that the doctors are trying to figure out how fish and birds can restore their hearing,” says Emmy.

For the past 60 years, HHF has funded promising hearing science and in 2011 established the Hearing Restoration Project (HRP), an international consortium dedicated to finding biological cures for hearing loss using fish, bird, and mouse models to replicate the phenomenon of hearing loss reversal in humans.

“If [the HRP] can achieve that goal of hearing restoration...that would be a marvelous thing for hearing loss,” reiterates Dr. Robert Dobie.

Through “Hearing Hope,” HHF would like to share its mission and message of hope to as many individuals as possible and reassure those with hearing loss and their loved ones they are not alone. As an organization that channels all efforts into research and education, HHF would greatly appreciate any assistance or suggestions to increase the visibility of the film.

Published: 7/25/2018 3:06:00 PM

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Hearing Loss Film “Hearing Hope” Captures Personal Strength, Scientific Vision

National nonprofit organization Hearing Health Foundation (HHF) has created a new short film, “Hearing Hope,” to expand awareness of hearing health through the voices of those who benefit from and those who carry out the foundation’s life-changing work.

The third most prevalent chronic physical condition in the U.S., hearing loss can affect anyone—from first-grader Emmy to retired U.S. Army Colonel John—but its reach is often underestimated. “It’s one of the most common sensory deficits in humans,” explains cochlear implant surgeon Dr. Anil Lalwani. “I think we have to go from it being hidden to being visible.”

Both a hearing aid user and cochlear implant recipient, seventh-grader Alex is doing his part to make hearing loss less hidden. Smiling, he says he wants people to know that hearing with his devices makes him happy. John wishes to be an advocate for veterans and all who live with hearing loss and tinnitus.

The film also highlights resilience in response to the challenges associated with hearing conditions. Video participant Renee saw her dream of becoming an astronaut halted at 17 when her hearing loss was detected. Now she helps send people to space as an engineer at NASA.

Sophia describes the “low, low rock bottom” she hit when she was diagnosed with Usher Syndrome, the leading cause of deafblindness. Yet she feels special knowing her disability shapes her and sets her apart.

Jason recounts having no resources for hearing loss in children when his son, Ethan, failed his newborn hearing screening. Today he’s grateful for Ethan’s aptitude for language, made possible through his early hearing loss intervention.

With the support of HHF, more progress is made each year. “I’m glad that the doctors are trying to figure out how fish and birds can restore their hearing,” says Emmy.

For the past 60 years, HHF has funded promising hearing science and in 2011 established the Hearing Restoration Project (HRP), an international consortium dedicated to finding biological cures for hearing loss using fish, bird, and mouse models to replicate the phenomenon of hearing loss reversal in humans.

“If [the HRP] can achieve that goal of hearing restoration...that would be a marvelous thing for hearing loss,” reiterates Dr. Robert Dobie.

Through “Hearing Hope,” HHF would like to share its mission and message of hope to as many individuals as possible and reassure those with hearing loss and their loved ones they are not alone. As an organization that channels all efforts into research and education, HHF would greatly appreciate any assistance or suggestions to increase the visibility of the film.

Published: 7/25/2018 3:06:00 PM

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