Pregnancy walking cadence does not vary by trimester

Publication date: September 2018

Source: Gait & Posture, Volume 65

Author(s): Mallory R. Marshall, Alexander H.K. Montoye, Ashley J. George

Abstract

Background

Pregnancy-related changes in walking speed, gait dynamics, and total physical activity have been reported in past research, but free-living step cadences and their rates of change across pregnancy have not been studied.

Research question

The purpose of this study was to describe free-living stepping cadence in pregnant women and examine differences between second and third trimester women. We hypothesized that physical activity walking cadences would be lower later in pregnancy.

Methods

Fifty pregnant women were recruited for this study and n = 45 was the analytic sample size; 46.7% were in their second trimester (13–25 weeks) while 53.3% were third trimester (≥26 weeks). Participants completed a survey of demographic characteristics and wore an accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for 7–8 days. These accelerometer data were downloaded in 60-sec epochs, allowing for determination of min-by-min walking cadence, defined as steps/min. Mean steps/day, mean cadence, peak cadence (average cadence over the 30 min of highest cadence in each day), mean time spent in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA, time spent with cadence ≥100 steps/min), and mean daily time spent in several cadence ranges were calculated for each participant. Between-trimester differences were determined using independent-samples t-tests.

Results

Average daily steps were 11,060.1 ± 2,955.3; 66.7% of second trimester and 54.2% of third trimester women met daily step recommendations of 10,000 steps/day, but 0.0% of the sample accumulated the recommended 150 min/wk of MVPA. There were no differences by trimester for cadence at any step rates (p > 0.05).

Significance

Overall, pregnant women accumulated high numbers of steps per day but at low cadences; neither daily steps nor cadence varied from second to third trimester. These data suggest that steps and MVPA recommendations are not equivalent and therefore should not be used interchangeably, especially during pregnancy.

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Late-cueing of gait tasks on an uneven brick surface impacts coordination and center of mass control in older adults

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Philippe C. Dixon, Jesse V. Jacobs, Jack T. Dennerlein, Jeffrey M. Schiffman

Abstract

Background

Changing directions while walking (turning gait), often with little planning time, is essential to navigate irregular surfaces in the built-environment. It is unclear how older adults reorient their bodies under these constraints and whether adaptations are related to declines in physiological characteristics.

Research question

The aims of this study were to (1) investigate whether surface irregularity, late-cueing, and age negatively affect coordination, kinematics, and center of mass (COM) movement during 90º turning gait and (2) determine if adaptations correlate with declines in strength, balance, and reaction-time.

Methods

Eighteen young (18-35 years) and sixteen older (65+ years) healthy adults participated in the study. Retro-reflective marker and trunk-accelerometry data were used to compute upper-body segmental reorientation timing, upper-body kinematics, and COM movement characteristics. Balance scores, lower-limb strength, and choice-reaction-times were also recorded.

Results

Young and older adults maintained a cranial-caudal (head, shoulders, pelvis) reorientation sequence (p ≤ 0.018), lowered head pitch (uneven surface; young p = 0.035 and old p < 0.001), increased maximum COM acceleration (uneven surface and late-cueing; p ≤ 0.002), and decreased COM smoothness (uneven surface; p < 0.001). Young adults increased shoulder roll (uneven surface and late-cueing; p ≤ 0.008). Reduced stride regularity (late-cueing) was observed in older (p < 0.001), compared to young (p = 0.017), adults. Declines in strength (p ≤ 0.040) and balance (p = 0.018) were correlated with gait adaptations of older adults.

Significance

Late-cueing on an uneven surface is challenging for older adults. These challenges are exacerbated by strength and balance deficits.

Graphical abstract

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Dynamic Visual Acuity test while walking or running on treadmill: reliability and normative data

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Evi Verbecque, Tamaya Van Criekinge, Delphine Vanloot, Tanja Coeckelbergh, Paul Van de Heyning, Ann Hallemans, Luc Vereeck

Abstract

Background

This study aimed to report normative reference data for a Dynamic Visual Acuity test while walking on treadmill. The protocol’s suitability was assessed by investigating its test-retest reliability and its validity through the drop-out rate and verification of the frequency of head movements. Furthermore, the influence of age on visual acuity loss (VAL) was determined to reveal the need for age-specific reference data.

Methods

Visual acuity was measured in 171 healthy adult participants (age range: 20.0-77.3 years; mean age: 40.1 years) with the head stationary (SVA) and in a dynamic condition (DVA) while walking on treadmill at 3, 4, 6 and 9 km/h. Relative test-retest reliability on SVA and DVA was investigated with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). The measurement errors of SVA, DVA and VAL were calculated for absolute reliability. Influence of age on VAL was investigated with regression analysis, followed by an ANOVA to investigate decade-related differences. The drop-out rate during DVA was mapped using a frequency table. Head frequencies were monitored using 3D motion tracking software.

Results

Strong consistency (ICC ≥ 0.89) was found for SVA and DVA values. Measurement errors for VAL were less than 0.1 logMAR. Younger participants (decade 3-4) showed less VAL at 3 and 4 km/h. The drop-out rate increased with increasing walking speed (0-18.8%), especially in older adults. Although head frequency increased with increasing speed, the dominant frequency ranged around 2 Hz for all walking speeds.

Conclusion

This DVA protocol is reliable and normative data have been established. To facilitate its use in clinical practice, further validation of the protocol in patients with bilateral vestibulopathy is needed.

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Objective measures of gait and balance in healthy non-falling adults as a function of age

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Tuhin Virmani, Harsh Gupta, Jesal Shah, Linda Larson-Prior

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND

Neurodegenerative diseases increase in incidence with age. Prior studies using differing populations and gait paradigms have reported various parameters changing with age, some of which correlate with falls and mortality. Here we use three different paradigms to evaluate gait and balance in healthy non-fallers.

RESEARCH QUESTION

What objective gait and balance parameters are correlated with aging.

METHODS

Healthy subjects aged 21-79 years without histories of falls, lower extremity orthopedic procedures or chronic pain were included. Subjects walked on a 20 × 4 foot pressure sensor mat (Zeno Walkway, Protokinetics, Havertown, PA) under three different gait paradigms, (i) steady-state gait, (ii) dual-task while texting on a cellular phone and (iii) tandem gait. Data was collected and analyzed using PKMAS software (Protokinetics). Linear regression analysis, stepwise multivariate analysis, and grouped analysis of gait parameters was performed using SPSS 22 (IBM).

RESULTS

Seventy-five subjects were enrolled. Grouped analysis and linear regression analysis showed differing significance in parameters tested. Step-wise multivariate analysis of all 31 parameters assessed from three different gait paradigms, showed weak but significant correlations in age with (i) stride-to-stride variability in (i) integrated-pressure of footsteps and (ii) stride-length during steady-state gait, (iii) mean stride-length on dual-task, and (iv) mean step-width on tandem gait (R² = 0.382, t = 2.26, p = 0.026).

SIGNIFICANCE

In a population of healthy subjects without prior history of falls or medical illness that should affect gait, there were weak but significant age-related changes in objective measures of steady state gait and balance. Future prospective longitudinal data will help predict the relevance of this in relation to falls in the elderly.

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Pregnancy walking cadence does not vary by trimester

Publication date: September 2018

Source: Gait & Posture, Volume 65

Author(s): Mallory R. Marshall, Alexander H.K. Montoye, Ashley J. George

Abstract

Background

Pregnancy-related changes in walking speed, gait dynamics, and total physical activity have been reported in past research, but free-living step cadences and their rates of change across pregnancy have not been studied.

Research question

The purpose of this study was to describe free-living stepping cadence in pregnant women and examine differences between second and third trimester women. We hypothesized that physical activity walking cadences would be lower later in pregnancy.

Methods

Fifty pregnant women were recruited for this study and n = 45 was the analytic sample size; 46.7% were in their second trimester (13–25 weeks) while 53.3% were third trimester (≥26 weeks). Participants completed a survey of demographic characteristics and wore an accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for 7–8 days. These accelerometer data were downloaded in 60-sec epochs, allowing for determination of min-by-min walking cadence, defined as steps/min. Mean steps/day, mean cadence, peak cadence (average cadence over the 30 min of highest cadence in each day), mean time spent in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA, time spent with cadence ≥100 steps/min), and mean daily time spent in several cadence ranges were calculated for each participant. Between-trimester differences were determined using independent-samples t-tests.

Results

Average daily steps were 11,060.1 ± 2,955.3; 66.7% of second trimester and 54.2% of third trimester women met daily step recommendations of 10,000 steps/day, but 0.0% of the sample accumulated the recommended 150 min/wk of MVPA. There were no differences by trimester for cadence at any step rates (p > 0.05).

Significance

Overall, pregnant women accumulated high numbers of steps per day but at low cadences; neither daily steps nor cadence varied from second to third trimester. These data suggest that steps and MVPA recommendations are not equivalent and therefore should not be used interchangeably, especially during pregnancy.

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Late-cueing of gait tasks on an uneven brick surface impacts coordination and center of mass control in older adults

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Philippe C. Dixon, Jesse V. Jacobs, Jack T. Dennerlein, Jeffrey M. Schiffman

Abstract

Background

Changing directions while walking (turning gait), often with little planning time, is essential to navigate irregular surfaces in the built-environment. It is unclear how older adults reorient their bodies under these constraints and whether adaptations are related to declines in physiological characteristics.

Research question

The aims of this study were to (1) investigate whether surface irregularity, late-cueing, and age negatively affect coordination, kinematics, and center of mass (COM) movement during 90º turning gait and (2) determine if adaptations correlate with declines in strength, balance, and reaction-time.

Methods

Eighteen young (18-35 years) and sixteen older (65+ years) healthy adults participated in the study. Retro-reflective marker and trunk-accelerometry data were used to compute upper-body segmental reorientation timing, upper-body kinematics, and COM movement characteristics. Balance scores, lower-limb strength, and choice-reaction-times were also recorded.

Results

Young and older adults maintained a cranial-caudal (head, shoulders, pelvis) reorientation sequence (p ≤ 0.018), lowered head pitch (uneven surface; young p = 0.035 and old p < 0.001), increased maximum COM acceleration (uneven surface and late-cueing; p ≤ 0.002), and decreased COM smoothness (uneven surface; p < 0.001). Young adults increased shoulder roll (uneven surface and late-cueing; p ≤ 0.008). Reduced stride regularity (late-cueing) was observed in older (p < 0.001), compared to young (p = 0.017), adults. Declines in strength (p ≤ 0.040) and balance (p = 0.018) were correlated with gait adaptations of older adults.

Significance

Late-cueing on an uneven surface is challenging for older adults. These challenges are exacerbated by strength and balance deficits.

Graphical abstract

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Dynamic Visual Acuity test while walking or running on treadmill: reliability and normative data

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Evi Verbecque, Tamaya Van Criekinge, Delphine Vanloot, Tanja Coeckelbergh, Paul Van de Heyning, Ann Hallemans, Luc Vereeck

Abstract

Background

This study aimed to report normative reference data for a Dynamic Visual Acuity test while walking on treadmill. The protocol’s suitability was assessed by investigating its test-retest reliability and its validity through the drop-out rate and verification of the frequency of head movements. Furthermore, the influence of age on visual acuity loss (VAL) was determined to reveal the need for age-specific reference data.

Methods

Visual acuity was measured in 171 healthy adult participants (age range: 20.0-77.3 years; mean age: 40.1 years) with the head stationary (SVA) and in a dynamic condition (DVA) while walking on treadmill at 3, 4, 6 and 9 km/h. Relative test-retest reliability on SVA and DVA was investigated with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). The measurement errors of SVA, DVA and VAL were calculated for absolute reliability. Influence of age on VAL was investigated with regression analysis, followed by an ANOVA to investigate decade-related differences. The drop-out rate during DVA was mapped using a frequency table. Head frequencies were monitored using 3D motion tracking software.

Results

Strong consistency (ICC ≥ 0.89) was found for SVA and DVA values. Measurement errors for VAL were less than 0.1 logMAR. Younger participants (decade 3-4) showed less VAL at 3 and 4 km/h. The drop-out rate increased with increasing walking speed (0-18.8%), especially in older adults. Although head frequency increased with increasing speed, the dominant frequency ranged around 2 Hz for all walking speeds.

Conclusion

This DVA protocol is reliable and normative data have been established. To facilitate its use in clinical practice, further validation of the protocol in patients with bilateral vestibulopathy is needed.

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Objective measures of gait and balance in healthy non-falling adults as a function of age

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Tuhin Virmani, Harsh Gupta, Jesal Shah, Linda Larson-Prior

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND

Neurodegenerative diseases increase in incidence with age. Prior studies using differing populations and gait paradigms have reported various parameters changing with age, some of which correlate with falls and mortality. Here we use three different paradigms to evaluate gait and balance in healthy non-fallers.

RESEARCH QUESTION

What objective gait and balance parameters are correlated with aging.

METHODS

Healthy subjects aged 21-79 years without histories of falls, lower extremity orthopedic procedures or chronic pain were included. Subjects walked on a 20 × 4 foot pressure sensor mat (Zeno Walkway, Protokinetics, Havertown, PA) under three different gait paradigms, (i) steady-state gait, (ii) dual-task while texting on a cellular phone and (iii) tandem gait. Data was collected and analyzed using PKMAS software (Protokinetics). Linear regression analysis, stepwise multivariate analysis, and grouped analysis of gait parameters was performed using SPSS 22 (IBM).

RESULTS

Seventy-five subjects were enrolled. Grouped analysis and linear regression analysis showed differing significance in parameters tested. Step-wise multivariate analysis of all 31 parameters assessed from three different gait paradigms, showed weak but significant correlations in age with (i) stride-to-stride variability in (i) integrated-pressure of footsteps and (ii) stride-length during steady-state gait, (iii) mean stride-length on dual-task, and (iv) mean step-width on tandem gait (R² = 0.382, t = 2.26, p = 0.026).

SIGNIFICANCE

In a population of healthy subjects without prior history of falls or medical illness that should affect gait, there were weak but significant age-related changes in objective measures of steady state gait and balance. Future prospective longitudinal data will help predict the relevance of this in relation to falls in the elderly.

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Gait analysis of pregnant patients with lumbopelvic pain using inertial sensor

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Ayumi Tanigawa, Saori Morino, Tomoki Aoyama, Masaki Takahashi

Abstract

Background

Lumbopelvic pain (LPP) is one of the most common discomforts during pregnancy. However, few studies have evaluated relation between LPP and gait in pregnancy quantitatively.

Research question

This study aimed to investigate the relation between the LPP and gait characteristics such as symmetry, stability, and the degree of motion during pregnancy.

Methods

Gait data were collected for fifty-two pregnant women between the third and tenth month of pregnancy on smooth, horizontal walkway by using inertial measurement sensor units attached to the participants’ lumbar. The degrees of trunk movement, movement symmetry, gait variability, and symmetry of rotation were expressed as the root mean square (RMS), autocorrelation peak (AC), coefficient of variance (CV), and the degree of asymmetry at the approximate amount of angular variation (DA) respectively, which were calculated from measured acceleration data and angular velocity data. An independent t-test was performed to investigate differences in these gait parameters between LPP group and pain free group classified according to the presence or absence of the pain, which is evaluated by using a questionnaire. In addition, LPP group was divided into 5 subgroups based on the types of pain, and the differences between the groups were also investigated by using a one way ANOVA.

Results

Rotational asymmetry was observed in movement of the roll direction of the LPP patients. The DA of the roll angle of the LPP group was significantly greater than that in the pain free group (0.140 ± 0.093 vs. 0.077 ± 0.053, respectively; p =  0.004). In the analysis of pain complications, the significant difference in DA of roll angle, and CV of yaw angle were observed.

Significance

The results indicated that motion asymmetry of both rotation and translation increased significantly in LPP patients’ gait.

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Plantar pressure distribution during running in early childhood

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Ana C. de David, Tainá N. Vieira, Silvia R. Nery, Paula R. Mesquita

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Gait analysis of pregnant patients with lumbopelvic pain using inertial sensor

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Ayumi Tanigawa, Saori Morino, Tomoki Aoyama, Masaki Takahashi

Abstract

Background

Lumbopelvic pain (LPP) is one of the most common discomforts during pregnancy. However, few studies have evaluated relation between LPP and gait in pregnancy quantitatively.

Research question

This study aimed to investigate the relation between the LPP and gait characteristics such as symmetry, stability, and the degree of motion during pregnancy.

Methods

Gait data were collected for fifty-two pregnant women between the third and tenth month of pregnancy on smooth, horizontal walkway by using inertial measurement sensor units attached to the participants’ lumbar. The degrees of trunk movement, movement symmetry, gait variability, and symmetry of rotation were expressed as the root mean square (RMS), autocorrelation peak (AC), coefficient of variance (CV), and the degree of asymmetry at the approximate amount of angular variation (DA) respectively, which were calculated from measured acceleration data and angular velocity data. An independent t-test was performed to investigate differences in these gait parameters between LPP group and pain free group classified according to the presence or absence of the pain, which is evaluated by using a questionnaire. In addition, LPP group was divided into 5 subgroups based on the types of pain, and the differences between the groups were also investigated by using a one way ANOVA.

Results

Rotational asymmetry was observed in movement of the roll direction of the LPP patients. The DA of the roll angle of the LPP group was significantly greater than that in the pain free group (0.140 ± 0.093 vs. 0.077 ± 0.053, respectively; p =  0.004). In the analysis of pain complications, the significant difference in DA of roll angle, and CV of yaw angle were observed.

Significance

The results indicated that motion asymmetry of both rotation and translation increased significantly in LPP patients’ gait.

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Plantar pressure distribution during running in early childhood

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Ana C. de David, Tainá N. Vieira, Silvia R. Nery, Paula R. Mesquita

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O 056 - How comparable are the alterations in muscle morphology in age-matched children with hereditary spastic paraplegia and spastic cerebral palsy?

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): N. De Beukelaer, S.H. Schless, B. Hanssen, F. Cenni, N. Peeters, L. Bar-On, E. Ortibus, K. Desloovere, A. Van Campenhout

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P 029 – Kinetic alterations caused by knee pathology at stepping up and down stairs

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): L. Garces-Perez, J.M. Baydal-Bertomeu, J. López-Pascual, D. Sánchez-Zuriaga

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Parkinson's disease versus ageing: different postural responses to soleus muscle vibration

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Diana Bzdúšková, Peter Valkovič, Zuzana Hirjaková, Jana Kimijanová, František Hlavačka

Abstract

Background

Impairments of postural stability occur with increasing age and in neurodegenerative diseases like the Parkinson's, disease (PD). While changes in balance have been described in many, studies under steady-state conditions, less is known about the dynamic, changes in balance following sudden transition to different sensory, inputs,

Research question

The aim was to clarify different effects of age and Parkinson's disease on dynamic postural responses immediately after lower leg muscle stimulation offset. Sudden removing of active sensory input represents a transient period in balance control.

Methods

Postural responses of 13 young, 13 healthy elderly and 13 PD patients to proprioceptive bilateral vibration of soleus muscles during stance were assessed by a force platform and two accelerometers attached on the upper and the lower trunk. The experimental protocol consisted of 2 conditions of soleus muscle vibration with 1) eyes open and 2) eyes closed randomly repeated four times.

Results

During vibration period before stimulus offset, postural responses were similar in elderly and PD patients. Contrary, immediately after vibration offset significantly larger backward amplitude of centre of foot pressure (CoP) displacement and trunk tilts were observed in PD patients compared to healthy peers. In returning to vertical position, peak-to-peak amplitudes, maximal velocity of CoP and trunk tilts significantly increased in PD patients. Without vision, their postural responses were more enhanced. The differences between young and elderly were found in most parameters in transient period after vibration offset and also during vibration.

Significance

The PD patients showed more unstable transient postural responses to selective sensory stimulation switch off, which may reflect impairment of sensory reweighting in balance control. Understanding how early stages PD patients differ in balance control from neurologically intact peers may help researchers and clinicians to refine their intervention and fall prevention programs.

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P 114 – Analysis of eeg signal in a child with hemiparetic cerebral palsy during a motor activity: Case study

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Isabela Marques Miziara, Jamile Benite Palma Lopes, Danial Kahani, Roberta Delasta Lazzari, R. Moura, Bernard Arthur Conway, Claudia Santos Oliveira, Eduardo Lázaro Martins Naves

Abstract

The fundamental characteristic of hemiparetic cerebral palsy is the greater motor impairment on the body side that corresponds to the injured cerebral hemisphere. Hemiparesis usually affects the upper limbs, which can provide significant functional disabilities to this population. The objective of this study was to compare alpha and beta band synchronization and desynchronization during the execution of the task in a game, using the limbs paretic and non-paretic. As a result, observed a synchronization of the alpha band for the movement performed by the paretic limb and a desynchronization using the non-paretic limb. This result may indicate less cortical and physical effort to perform the task using the paretic limb. It is believed that this information can stimulate research with a greater number of volunteers and the more thorough study of brain activity in this population.

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P 120 - CGM2 : Proposal of an evolved conventional gait model

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): F. Leboeuf, M. Sangeux, J. Reay, H. Greuel, R. Jones, R. Baker

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P 132 – In postmenopausal period: How are balance and posture affected?

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): H. Akgül, D. Demirbağ Kabayel, E. Uluçam, N. Süt

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P 154 - How do 3D skeletal parameters and demographics determine kinematic adaptation from normal to fast speed gait?

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): G. Mjaess, A. Karam, C. Labaki, J. Otayek, F. Yared, A.J. Bizdikian, Z. Bakouny, W. Skalli, I. Ghanem, A. Assi

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P 106 - Intra- and inter-operator reliability of a novel hand protocol during grip movement in healthy subjects

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): P. Pedersini, J.H. Villafañe, B. Piovanelli, V. Cappellini, R. Buraschi, J. Pollet, S. Negrini

Abstract

Quantitative and qualitative measures of human movement can be two important features for clinical decision making. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Intra-and inter- operator reliability of a novel hand protocol during grip movement. The experimental protocol required the positioning of 8 optoelectronic cameras and 24 markers. 5 healthy subjects have been recruited. Each subject received 2 markerizations by two different operators (A and B) and they carried out 3 tests at a time T0 and at a time T1 (a week after) for each markerization. Results have shown that Test-retest reliability of the markers positions measurements was good (test: 0,893, p < 0.001; retest: 0,773, p < 0.01) and intra-operator reliability was excellent (A: 0.983, p < 0.001; B: 0.993 p < 0.001). Overall, these results suggest that this protocol is reliable in order to develop future studies for its application in clinical practice.

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O 065 - Test-retest reliability of sagittal spine excursions during ADL-tasks assessed by a multisegmental spine model

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): K. Widhalm, B. Wolf, A. Greisberger, P. Putz

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O 071 - Adjunct SHR - A new version of the “classical” Scapulohumeral Rhythm ratio

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): S.O. Rettig, B. Friesenbichler

Abstract

A new version of the Scapulohumeral Rhythm ratio is suggested, with avoids dependencies to offset angles and rotation order of the underlying cardan angles.

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A five-year follow up of gait in robotic assisted vs conventional unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Lindsay Jane Millar, Matthew Banger, Philip John Rowe, Mark Blyth, Bryn Jones, Angus Maclean

Abstract

Recently, systems have been developed to improve alignment of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) implants, although improvement in function has been difficult to document. The MAKO RIO robotic surgery system has previously shown improvements in in knee flexion during weight acceptance (WA) in comparison to conventional methods at a one year follow up. This study aimed to determine if these improvements remained at five years follow up. Twenty five MAKO and 21 conventional knees were tested using three dimensional gait analysis to measure knee kinematics. Results demonstrated that the MAKO group achieved significantly greater knee flexion in WA than the conventional group which was consistent with results are one year. This could be due to the improved accuracy of prosthesis implantation offered by the MAKO system.

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O 054 – Radiographic predictors of foot function during walking in pediatric foot deformities

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): H. Boehm, C.U. Dussa, L. Döderlein, W.M. Strobl

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O 056 - How comparable are the alterations in muscle morphology in age-matched children with hereditary spastic paraplegia and spastic cerebral palsy?

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): N. De Beukelaer, S.H. Schless, B. Hanssen, F. Cenni, N. Peeters, L. Bar-On, E. Ortibus, K. Desloovere, A. Van Campenhout

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P 029 – Kinetic alterations caused by knee pathology at stepping up and down stairs

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): L. Garces-Perez, J.M. Baydal-Bertomeu, J. López-Pascual, D. Sánchez-Zuriaga

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Parkinson's disease versus ageing: different postural responses to soleus muscle vibration

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Diana Bzdúšková, Peter Valkovič, Zuzana Hirjaková, Jana Kimijanová, František Hlavačka

Abstract

Background

Impairments of postural stability occur with increasing age and in neurodegenerative diseases like the Parkinson's, disease (PD). While changes in balance have been described in many, studies under steady-state conditions, less is known about the dynamic, changes in balance following sudden transition to different sensory, inputs,

Research question

The aim was to clarify different effects of age and Parkinson's disease on dynamic postural responses immediately after lower leg muscle stimulation offset. Sudden removing of active sensory input represents a transient period in balance control.

Methods

Postural responses of 13 young, 13 healthy elderly and 13 PD patients to proprioceptive bilateral vibration of soleus muscles during stance were assessed by a force platform and two accelerometers attached on the upper and the lower trunk. The experimental protocol consisted of 2 conditions of soleus muscle vibration with 1) eyes open and 2) eyes closed randomly repeated four times.

Results

During vibration period before stimulus offset, postural responses were similar in elderly and PD patients. Contrary, immediately after vibration offset significantly larger backward amplitude of centre of foot pressure (CoP) displacement and trunk tilts were observed in PD patients compared to healthy peers. In returning to vertical position, peak-to-peak amplitudes, maximal velocity of CoP and trunk tilts significantly increased in PD patients. Without vision, their postural responses were more enhanced. The differences between young and elderly were found in most parameters in transient period after vibration offset and also during vibration.

Significance

The PD patients showed more unstable transient postural responses to selective sensory stimulation switch off, which may reflect impairment of sensory reweighting in balance control. Understanding how early stages PD patients differ in balance control from neurologically intact peers may help researchers and clinicians to refine their intervention and fall prevention programs.

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P 114 – Analysis of eeg signal in a child with hemiparetic cerebral palsy during a motor activity: Case study

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Isabela Marques Miziara, Jamile Benite Palma Lopes, Danial Kahani, Roberta Delasta Lazzari, R. Moura, Bernard Arthur Conway, Claudia Santos Oliveira, Eduardo Lázaro Martins Naves

Abstract

The fundamental characteristic of hemiparetic cerebral palsy is the greater motor impairment on the body side that corresponds to the injured cerebral hemisphere. Hemiparesis usually affects the upper limbs, which can provide significant functional disabilities to this population. The objective of this study was to compare alpha and beta band synchronization and desynchronization during the execution of the task in a game, using the limbs paretic and non-paretic. As a result, observed a synchronization of the alpha band for the movement performed by the paretic limb and a desynchronization using the non-paretic limb. This result may indicate less cortical and physical effort to perform the task using the paretic limb. It is believed that this information can stimulate research with a greater number of volunteers and the more thorough study of brain activity in this population.

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P 120 - CGM2 : Proposal of an evolved conventional gait model

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): F. Leboeuf, M. Sangeux, J. Reay, H. Greuel, R. Jones, R. Baker

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P 132 – In postmenopausal period: How are balance and posture affected?

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): H. Akgül, D. Demirbağ Kabayel, E. Uluçam, N. Süt

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P 154 - How do 3D skeletal parameters and demographics determine kinematic adaptation from normal to fast speed gait?

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): G. Mjaess, A. Karam, C. Labaki, J. Otayek, F. Yared, A.J. Bizdikian, Z. Bakouny, W. Skalli, I. Ghanem, A. Assi

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P 106 - Intra- and inter-operator reliability of a novel hand protocol during grip movement in healthy subjects

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): P. Pedersini, J.H. Villafañe, B. Piovanelli, V. Cappellini, R. Buraschi, J. Pollet, S. Negrini

Abstract

Quantitative and qualitative measures of human movement can be two important features for clinical decision making. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Intra-and inter- operator reliability of a novel hand protocol during grip movement. The experimental protocol required the positioning of 8 optoelectronic cameras and 24 markers. 5 healthy subjects have been recruited. Each subject received 2 markerizations by two different operators (A and B) and they carried out 3 tests at a time T0 and at a time T1 (a week after) for each markerization. Results have shown that Test-retest reliability of the markers positions measurements was good (test: 0,893, p < 0.001; retest: 0,773, p < 0.01) and intra-operator reliability was excellent (A: 0.983, p < 0.001; B: 0.993 p < 0.001). Overall, these results suggest that this protocol is reliable in order to develop future studies for its application in clinical practice.

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O 065 - Test-retest reliability of sagittal spine excursions during ADL-tasks assessed by a multisegmental spine model

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): K. Widhalm, B. Wolf, A. Greisberger, P. Putz

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O 071 - Adjunct SHR - A new version of the “classical” Scapulohumeral Rhythm ratio

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): S.O. Rettig, B. Friesenbichler

Abstract

A new version of the Scapulohumeral Rhythm ratio is suggested, with avoids dependencies to offset angles and rotation order of the underlying cardan angles.

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A five-year follow up of gait in robotic assisted vs conventional unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Lindsay Jane Millar, Matthew Banger, Philip John Rowe, Mark Blyth, Bryn Jones, Angus Maclean

Abstract

Recently, systems have been developed to improve alignment of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) implants, although improvement in function has been difficult to document. The MAKO RIO robotic surgery system has previously shown improvements in in knee flexion during weight acceptance (WA) in comparison to conventional methods at a one year follow up. This study aimed to determine if these improvements remained at five years follow up. Twenty five MAKO and 21 conventional knees were tested using three dimensional gait analysis to measure knee kinematics. Results demonstrated that the MAKO group achieved significantly greater knee flexion in WA than the conventional group which was consistent with results are one year. This could be due to the improved accuracy of prosthesis implantation offered by the MAKO system.

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O 054 – Radiographic predictors of foot function during walking in pediatric foot deformities

Publication date: Available online 19 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): H. Boehm, C.U. Dussa, L. Döderlein, W.M. Strobl

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Balance in children following cochlear implantation.

Related Articles

Balance in children following cochlear implantation.

Cochlear Implants Int. 2018 Jan;19(1):22-25

Authors: Kelly A, Liu Z, Leonard S, Toner F, Adams M, Toner J

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess the vestibular function of children who had unilateral and bilateral cochlear implants compared with a control group of otherwise healthy children who had not been implanted.
STUDY DESIGN: Observational case-control study.
METHODS: Posturography was carried out in the form of a Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance using a Wii Balance Board and the Vestio App on an iPod Touch. Thirty children in total were tested, 10 children in each cohort. Results in the form of root mean square calculations were available for each child.
RESULTS: Results showed a significant difference in the vestibular function of implanted children and the non-implanted control group (P < 0.05). As expected, children in all groups had more difficulty maintaining posture with their eyes closed on a compliant surface (P < 0.05). Thirty per cent of children with bilateral and 10% with unilateral cochlear implants were unable to complete testing.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates posturography as an inexpensive, easily operated tool that can be used to assess paediatric vestibular function. It showed a significant difference between the control group and the implanted groups. Further work prompted by this study will include interval post-operative testing to more accurately assess the effect that implantation has on vestibular function.

PMID: 28946841 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Balance in children following cochlear implantation.

Related Articles

Balance in children following cochlear implantation.

Cochlear Implants Int. 2018 Jan;19(1):22-25

Authors: Kelly A, Liu Z, Leonard S, Toner F, Adams M, Toner J

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess the vestibular function of children who had unilateral and bilateral cochlear implants compared with a control group of otherwise healthy children who had not been implanted.
STUDY DESIGN: Observational case-control study.
METHODS: Posturography was carried out in the form of a Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance using a Wii Balance Board and the Vestio App on an iPod Touch. Thirty children in total were tested, 10 children in each cohort. Results in the form of root mean square calculations were available for each child.
RESULTS: Results showed a significant difference in the vestibular function of implanted children and the non-implanted control group (P < 0.05). As expected, children in all groups had more difficulty maintaining posture with their eyes closed on a compliant surface (P < 0.05). Thirty per cent of children with bilateral and 10% with unilateral cochlear implants were unable to complete testing.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates posturography as an inexpensive, easily operated tool that can be used to assess paediatric vestibular function. It showed a significant difference between the control group and the implanted groups. Further work prompted by this study will include interval post-operative testing to more accurately assess the effect that implantation has on vestibular function.

PMID: 28946841 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Association of Altered Frontal Plane Kinematics and Physical Activity Levels in Females with Patellofemoral Pain

Publication date: Available online 18 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Neal R. Glaviano, Susan Saliba

Abstract

Background

Females with patellofemoral pain (PFP) present with altered frontal plane kinematics, decreased physical activity, and elevated psychological features. However, the relationship between these factors has not been evaluated.

Research Question

Does a relationship exist between frontal plane kinematics, physical activity levels, and fear avoidance beliefs in females with PFP.

Methods

16 females with PFP (Age = 23.2 ± 4.9years; Height = 166.1 ± 5.9 cm; Mass = 66.3 ± 13.5 kg) completed a 3-D biomechanical assessment during a single leg squat, step-down, and jogging task. Physical activity was collected with an activity monitor over 2-weeks and the Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire physical activity subscale was used to assess fear avoidance beliefs. Frontal plane kinematics were correlated with physical activity and fear avoidance, with significant variables included in a multiple regression.

Results

Significant correlations were identified between physical activity and single leg squat hip adduction (r=-.626, p = .01), step-down knee abduction (r=-.783, p < .001) and jogging hip adduction (r=-.639, p = .008). Step-down knee abduction predicted activity level and accounted for 61% of the total variance. Correlations between fear avoidance belief and single leg squat hip adduction (r = .477, p = .049), step-down knee abduction (r = .644, p = .007), jogging knee abduction (r = .558, p = .025), and jogging hip adduction (r = .557, p = .025) were also identified. Knee abduction during the step-down and single leg squat hip adduction accounted for 37.5% of the variance in the Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire.

Significance

Altered frontal plane kinematics during step-down and jogging provide insight for clinicians to identify females with patellofemoral pain that may be less physically active, while step-down and squatting kinematics related to fear avoidance beliefs. While these relationships were found, it is essential to identify the underlying mechanism for this activity modification so clinicians and researchers to evaluate successful interventions.

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O 052 - Comparison of anatomical Tibia-Hindfoot-Alignment and Oxford-Foot-Model marker-set measurement in weight bearing CT - effect of adjustment in the static model

Publication date: Available online 18 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): M. WACHOWSKY, S. D’Souza, T. Wirth

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Association of Altered Frontal Plane Kinematics and Physical Activity Levels in Females with Patellofemoral Pain

Publication date: Available online 18 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): Neal R. Glaviano, Susan Saliba

Abstract

Background

Females with patellofemoral pain (PFP) present with altered frontal plane kinematics, decreased physical activity, and elevated psychological features. However, the relationship between these factors has not been evaluated.

Research Question

Does a relationship exist between frontal plane kinematics, physical activity levels, and fear avoidance beliefs in females with PFP.

Methods

16 females with PFP (Age = 23.2 ± 4.9years; Height = 166.1 ± 5.9 cm; Mass = 66.3 ± 13.5 kg) completed a 3-D biomechanical assessment during a single leg squat, step-down, and jogging task. Physical activity was collected with an activity monitor over 2-weeks and the Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire physical activity subscale was used to assess fear avoidance beliefs. Frontal plane kinematics were correlated with physical activity and fear avoidance, with significant variables included in a multiple regression.

Results

Significant correlations were identified between physical activity and single leg squat hip adduction (r=-.626, p = .01), step-down knee abduction (r=-.783, p < .001) and jogging hip adduction (r=-.639, p = .008). Step-down knee abduction predicted activity level and accounted for 61% of the total variance. Correlations between fear avoidance belief and single leg squat hip adduction (r = .477, p = .049), step-down knee abduction (r = .644, p = .007), jogging knee abduction (r = .558, p = .025), and jogging hip adduction (r = .557, p = .025) were also identified. Knee abduction during the step-down and single leg squat hip adduction accounted for 37.5% of the variance in the Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire.

Significance

Altered frontal plane kinematics during step-down and jogging provide insight for clinicians to identify females with patellofemoral pain that may be less physically active, while step-down and squatting kinematics related to fear avoidance beliefs. While these relationships were found, it is essential to identify the underlying mechanism for this activity modification so clinicians and researchers to evaluate successful interventions.

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O 052 - Comparison of anatomical Tibia-Hindfoot-Alignment and Oxford-Foot-Model marker-set measurement in weight bearing CT - effect of adjustment in the static model

Publication date: Available online 18 July 2018

Source: Gait & Posture

Author(s): M. WACHOWSKY, S. D’Souza, T. Wirth

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