Publication date: Available online 18 March 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Shimpei Yamagishi, Sho Otsuka, Shigeto Furukawa, Makio Kashino
The two-tone sequence (ABA_), which comprises two different sounds (A and B) and a silent gap, has been used to investigate how the auditory system organizes sequential sounds depending on various stimulus conditions or brain states. Auditory streaming can be evoked by differences not only in the tone frequency (“spectral cue”: ΔFTONE, TONE condition) but also in the amplitude modulation rate (“AM cue”: ΔFAM, AM condition). The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between the perceptual properties of auditory streaming for the TONE and AM conditions. A sequence with a long duration (400 repetitions of ABA_) was used to examine the property of the bistability of streaming. The ratio of feature differences that evoked an equivalent probability of the segregated percept was close to the ratio of the Q-values of the auditory and modulation filters, consistent with a “channeling theory” of auditory streaming. On the other hand, for values of ΔFAM and ΔFTONE evoking equal probabilities of the segregated percept, the number of perceptual switches was larger for the TONE condition than for the AM condition, indicating that the mechanism(s) that determine the bistability of auditory streaming are different between or sensitive to the two domains. Nevertheless, the number of switches for individual listeners was positively correlated between the spectral and AM domains. The results suggest a possibility that the neural substrates for spectral and AM processes share a common switching mechanism but differ in location and/or in the properties of neural activity or the strength of internal noise at each level.
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Τρίτη 21 Μαρτίου 2017
Modulation of auditory percepts by transcutaneous electrical stimulation
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Margarete Anna Ueberfuhr, Amalia Braun, Lutz Wiegrebe, Benedikt Grothe, Markus Drexl
Transcutaneous, electrical stimulation with electrodes placed on the mastoid processes represents a specific way to elicit vestibular reflexes in humans without active or passive subject movements, for which the term galvanic vestibular stimulation was coined. It has been suggested that galvanic vestibular stimulation mainly affects the vestibular periphery, but whether vestibular hair cells, vestibular afferents, or a combination of both are excited, is still a matter of debate. Galvanic vestibular stimulation has been in use since the late 18th century, but despite the long-known and well-documented effects on the vestibular system, reports of the effect of electrical stimulation on the adjacent cochlea or the ascending auditory pathway are surprisingly sparse.The present study examines the effect of transcutaneous, electrical stimulation of the human auditory periphery employing evoked and spontaneous otoacoustic emissions and several psychoacoustic measures. In particular, level growth functions of distortion product otoacoustic emissions were recorded during electrical stimulation with alternating currents (2 Hz, 1 – 4 mA in 1 mA-steps). In addition, the level and frequency of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions were followed before, during, and after electrical stimulation (2 Hz, 1 – 4 mA). To explore the effect of electrical stimulation on the retrocochlear level (i.e. on the ascending auditory pathway beyond the cochlea), psychoacoustic experiments were carried out. Specifically, participants indicated whether electrical stimulation (4 Hz, 2 and 3 mA) induced amplitude modulations of the perception of a pure tone, and of auditory illusions after presentation of either an intense, low-frequency sound (Bounce tinnitus) or a faint band-stop noise (Zwicker tone).These three psychoacoustic measures revealed significant perceived amplitude modulations during electrical stimulation in the majority of participants. However, no significant changes of evoked and spontaneous otoacoustic emissions could be detected during electrical stimulation relative to recordings without electrical stimulation.The present findings show that cochlear function, as assessed with spontaneous and evoked otoacoustic emissions, is not affected by transcutaneous electrical stimulation, at the currents used in this study. Psychoacoustic measures like pure tone perception, but also auditory illusions, are affected by electrical stimulation. This indicates that activity of the retrocochlear ascending auditory pathway is modulated during transcutaneous electrical stimulation.
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Tinnitus 2017
Groups of researchers from the University of Buffalo, Southeast University in China and the Dalhousie University in Canada experienced amazing breakthroughs into the mysterious realm of tinnitus. The tinnitus 2017 findings may eventually lead to a cure. The strange affliction causes patients to hear anything from buzzing, hissing or ringing in one or both ears. Although some suffer from the condition due to known physiological problems, others develop tinnitus for no discernible reason.
The Mystery Unfolds
Till the 1990s, the condition was thought to be a problem in the ear. However, when a number of patients lost hearing in one ear yet continued hearing the annoying noise, researchers began to suspect another cause. One patient required tumor removal in an ear, which cut the neural connection between the ear and the brain. Despite the broken connection, the individual also continued experiencing tinnitus.
Scientists theorized the problem involved a neural network more complex than previously known. Via a series of functional MRI scans, researchers learned the abnormal activity causing tinnitus does not simply take place in one region of the brain. In fact, the abnormality involves an entire network.
Tinnitus 2017 studies involved inducing the condition in laboratory animals using aspirin, as the common analgesic is known to cause symptoms in humans. Functional scans indicate which brain regions displayed activity in the presence of tinnitus. The high doses of aspirin administered normally cause hearing loss, which means no signals should be traveling to the brain. Yet, the affected animals demonstrated elevated levels of brain activity, which are not present in the absence of the condition.
Strange Results
Researchers traced the path of the network, which led to the central auditory pathway or the sound processing center in the brain. Additionally, scientists noted increased activity in the amygdala. The region is typically associated with emotional responses. Other areas of the brain showing an elevated response include the reticular formation, which is responsible for creating the “fight or flight” response, and the hippocampus, which stores and retrieves memories. Even more surprising was the activity viewed in the cerebellum, which activates to induce physical movement.
The Next Step
The tinnitus 2017 research equipped scientists with a broader picture of how the condition may originate in the brain. Future plans include to systematically deactivate small segments along the network. They hope that by a process of elimination, they might learn which disconnection might relieve tinnitus symptoms.
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Comparison of perceptual properties of auditory streaming between spectral and amplitude modulation domains
Publication date: Available online 18 March 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Shimpei Yamagishi, Sho Otsuka, Shigeto Furukawa, Makio Kashino
The two-tone sequence (ABA_), which comprises two different sounds (A and B) and a silent gap, has been used to investigate how the auditory system organizes sequential sounds depending on various stimulus conditions or brain states. Auditory streaming can be evoked by differences not only in the tone frequency (“spectral cue”: ΔFTONE, TONE condition) but also in the amplitude modulation rate (“AM cue”: ΔFAM, AM condition). The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between the perceptual properties of auditory streaming for the TONE and AM conditions. A sequence with a long duration (400 repetitions of ABA_) was used to examine the property of the bistability of streaming. The ratio of feature differences that evoked an equivalent probability of the segregated percept was close to the ratio of the Q-values of the auditory and modulation filters, consistent with a “channeling theory” of auditory streaming. On the other hand, for values of ΔFAM and ΔFTONE evoking equal probabilities of the segregated percept, the number of perceptual switches was larger for the TONE condition than for the AM condition, indicating that the mechanism(s) that determine the bistability of auditory streaming are different between or sensitive to the two domains. Nevertheless, the number of switches for individual listeners was positively correlated between the spectral and AM domains. The results suggest a possibility that the neural substrates for spectral and AM processes share a common switching mechanism but differ in location and/or in the properties of neural activity or the strength of internal noise at each level.
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Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Shimpei Yamagishi, Sho Otsuka, Shigeto Furukawa, Makio Kashino
The two-tone sequence (ABA_), which comprises two different sounds (A and B) and a silent gap, has been used to investigate how the auditory system organizes sequential sounds depending on various stimulus conditions or brain states. Auditory streaming can be evoked by differences not only in the tone frequency (“spectral cue”: ΔFTONE, TONE condition) but also in the amplitude modulation rate (“AM cue”: ΔFAM, AM condition). The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between the perceptual properties of auditory streaming for the TONE and AM conditions. A sequence with a long duration (400 repetitions of ABA_) was used to examine the property of the bistability of streaming. The ratio of feature differences that evoked an equivalent probability of the segregated percept was close to the ratio of the Q-values of the auditory and modulation filters, consistent with a “channeling theory” of auditory streaming. On the other hand, for values of ΔFAM and ΔFTONE evoking equal probabilities of the segregated percept, the number of perceptual switches was larger for the TONE condition than for the AM condition, indicating that the mechanism(s) that determine the bistability of auditory streaming are different between or sensitive to the two domains. Nevertheless, the number of switches for individual listeners was positively correlated between the spectral and AM domains. The results suggest a possibility that the neural substrates for spectral and AM processes share a common switching mechanism but differ in location and/or in the properties of neural activity or the strength of internal noise at each level.
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Modulation of auditory percepts by transcutaneous electrical stimulation
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Margarete Anna Ueberfuhr, Amalia Braun, Lutz Wiegrebe, Benedikt Grothe, Markus Drexl
Transcutaneous, electrical stimulation with electrodes placed on the mastoid processes represents a specific way to elicit vestibular reflexes in humans without active or passive subject movements, for which the term galvanic vestibular stimulation was coined. It has been suggested that galvanic vestibular stimulation mainly affects the vestibular periphery, but whether vestibular hair cells, vestibular afferents, or a combination of both are excited, is still a matter of debate. Galvanic vestibular stimulation has been in use since the late 18th century, but despite the long-known and well-documented effects on the vestibular system, reports of the effect of electrical stimulation on the adjacent cochlea or the ascending auditory pathway are surprisingly sparse.The present study examines the effect of transcutaneous, electrical stimulation of the human auditory periphery employing evoked and spontaneous otoacoustic emissions and several psychoacoustic measures. In particular, level growth functions of distortion product otoacoustic emissions were recorded during electrical stimulation with alternating currents (2 Hz, 1 – 4 mA in 1 mA-steps). In addition, the level and frequency of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions were followed before, during, and after electrical stimulation (2 Hz, 1 – 4 mA). To explore the effect of electrical stimulation on the retrocochlear level (i.e. on the ascending auditory pathway beyond the cochlea), psychoacoustic experiments were carried out. Specifically, participants indicated whether electrical stimulation (4 Hz, 2 and 3 mA) induced amplitude modulations of the perception of a pure tone, and of auditory illusions after presentation of either an intense, low-frequency sound (Bounce tinnitus) or a faint band-stop noise (Zwicker tone).These three psychoacoustic measures revealed significant perceived amplitude modulations during electrical stimulation in the majority of participants. However, no significant changes of evoked and spontaneous otoacoustic emissions could be detected during electrical stimulation relative to recordings without electrical stimulation.The present findings show that cochlear function, as assessed with spontaneous and evoked otoacoustic emissions, is not affected by transcutaneous electrical stimulation, at the currents used in this study. Psychoacoustic measures like pure tone perception, but also auditory illusions, are affected by electrical stimulation. This indicates that activity of the retrocochlear ascending auditory pathway is modulated during transcutaneous electrical stimulation.
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Comparison of perceptual properties of auditory streaming between spectral and amplitude modulation domains
Publication date: Available online 18 March 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Shimpei Yamagishi, Sho Otsuka, Shigeto Furukawa, Makio Kashino
The two-tone sequence (ABA_), which comprises two different sounds (A and B) and a silent gap, has been used to investigate how the auditory system organizes sequential sounds depending on various stimulus conditions or brain states. Auditory streaming can be evoked by differences not only in the tone frequency (“spectral cue”: ΔFTONE, TONE condition) but also in the amplitude modulation rate (“AM cue”: ΔFAM, AM condition). The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between the perceptual properties of auditory streaming for the TONE and AM conditions. A sequence with a long duration (400 repetitions of ABA_) was used to examine the property of the bistability of streaming. The ratio of feature differences that evoked an equivalent probability of the segregated percept was close to the ratio of the Q-values of the auditory and modulation filters, consistent with a “channeling theory” of auditory streaming. On the other hand, for values of ΔFAM and ΔFTONE evoking equal probabilities of the segregated percept, the number of perceptual switches was larger for the TONE condition than for the AM condition, indicating that the mechanism(s) that determine the bistability of auditory streaming are different between or sensitive to the two domains. Nevertheless, the number of switches for individual listeners was positively correlated between the spectral and AM domains. The results suggest a possibility that the neural substrates for spectral and AM processes share a common switching mechanism but differ in location and/or in the properties of neural activity or the strength of internal noise at each level.
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Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Shimpei Yamagishi, Sho Otsuka, Shigeto Furukawa, Makio Kashino
The two-tone sequence (ABA_), which comprises two different sounds (A and B) and a silent gap, has been used to investigate how the auditory system organizes sequential sounds depending on various stimulus conditions or brain states. Auditory streaming can be evoked by differences not only in the tone frequency (“spectral cue”: ΔFTONE, TONE condition) but also in the amplitude modulation rate (“AM cue”: ΔFAM, AM condition). The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between the perceptual properties of auditory streaming for the TONE and AM conditions. A sequence with a long duration (400 repetitions of ABA_) was used to examine the property of the bistability of streaming. The ratio of feature differences that evoked an equivalent probability of the segregated percept was close to the ratio of the Q-values of the auditory and modulation filters, consistent with a “channeling theory” of auditory streaming. On the other hand, for values of ΔFAM and ΔFTONE evoking equal probabilities of the segregated percept, the number of perceptual switches was larger for the TONE condition than for the AM condition, indicating that the mechanism(s) that determine the bistability of auditory streaming are different between or sensitive to the two domains. Nevertheless, the number of switches for individual listeners was positively correlated between the spectral and AM domains. The results suggest a possibility that the neural substrates for spectral and AM processes share a common switching mechanism but differ in location and/or in the properties of neural activity or the strength of internal noise at each level.
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Modulation of auditory percepts by transcutaneous electrical stimulation
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Margarete Anna Ueberfuhr, Amalia Braun, Lutz Wiegrebe, Benedikt Grothe, Markus Drexl
Transcutaneous, electrical stimulation with electrodes placed on the mastoid processes represents a specific way to elicit vestibular reflexes in humans without active or passive subject movements, for which the term galvanic vestibular stimulation was coined. It has been suggested that galvanic vestibular stimulation mainly affects the vestibular periphery, but whether vestibular hair cells, vestibular afferents, or a combination of both are excited, is still a matter of debate. Galvanic vestibular stimulation has been in use since the late 18th century, but despite the long-known and well-documented effects on the vestibular system, reports of the effect of electrical stimulation on the adjacent cochlea or the ascending auditory pathway are surprisingly sparse.The present study examines the effect of transcutaneous, electrical stimulation of the human auditory periphery employing evoked and spontaneous otoacoustic emissions and several psychoacoustic measures. In particular, level growth functions of distortion product otoacoustic emissions were recorded during electrical stimulation with alternating currents (2 Hz, 1 – 4 mA in 1 mA-steps). In addition, the level and frequency of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions were followed before, during, and after electrical stimulation (2 Hz, 1 – 4 mA). To explore the effect of electrical stimulation on the retrocochlear level (i.e. on the ascending auditory pathway beyond the cochlea), psychoacoustic experiments were carried out. Specifically, participants indicated whether electrical stimulation (4 Hz, 2 and 3 mA) induced amplitude modulations of the perception of a pure tone, and of auditory illusions after presentation of either an intense, low-frequency sound (Bounce tinnitus) or a faint band-stop noise (Zwicker tone).These three psychoacoustic measures revealed significant perceived amplitude modulations during electrical stimulation in the majority of participants. However, no significant changes of evoked and spontaneous otoacoustic emissions could be detected during electrical stimulation relative to recordings without electrical stimulation.The present findings show that cochlear function, as assessed with spontaneous and evoked otoacoustic emissions, is not affected by transcutaneous electrical stimulation, at the currents used in this study. Psychoacoustic measures like pure tone perception, but also auditory illusions, are affected by electrical stimulation. This indicates that activity of the retrocochlear ascending auditory pathway is modulated during transcutaneous electrical stimulation.
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Hearing Loss: Reestablish the Neural Plasticity in Regenerated Spiral Ganglion Neurons and Sensory Hair Cells.
| Related Articles |
Hearing Loss: Reestablish the Neural Plasticity in Regenerated Spiral Ganglion Neurons and Sensory Hair Cells.
Neural Plast. 2017;2017:1807581
Authors: Chai R, Li GL, Wang J, Zou J
PMID: 28316840 [PubMed - in process]
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Hearing Loss: Reestablish the Neural Plasticity in Regenerated Spiral Ganglion Neurons and Sensory Hair Cells.
| Related Articles |
Hearing Loss: Reestablish the Neural Plasticity in Regenerated Spiral Ganglion Neurons and Sensory Hair Cells.
Neural Plast. 2017;2017:1807581
Authors: Chai R, Li GL, Wang J, Zou J
PMID: 28316840 [PubMed - in process]
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Characterization of a human point mutation of VGLUT3 (p.A211V) in the rodent brain suggests a non-uniform distribution of the transporter in synaptic vesicles.
| Related Articles |
Characterization of a human point mutation of VGLUT3 (p.A211V) in the rodent brain suggests a non-uniform distribution of the transporter in synaptic vesicles.
J Neurosci. 2017 Mar 17;:
Authors: Ramet L, Zimmermann J, Bersot T, Poirel O, De Gois S, Silm K, Yae Sakae D, Mansouri-Guilani N, Bourque MJ, Trudeau LE, Pietrancosta N, Daumas S, Bernard V, Rosenmund C, El Mestikawy S
Abstract
The atypical vesicular glutamate transporter type 3 (VGLUT3) is expressed by sub-populations of neurons using acetylcholine, GABA or serotonin as neurotransmitters. In addition, VGLUT3 is expressed in the inner hair cells of the auditory system. A mutation (p.A211V) in the gene that encodes VGLUT3 is responsible for progressive deafness in two unrelated families. In this study, we investigated the consequences of the p.A211V mutation in cell cultures and in the central nervous system (CNS) of a mutant mouse. The mutation substantially decreased VGLUT3 expression (-70%). We measured VGLUT3-p.A211V activity by vesicular uptake in BON cells, electrophysiological recording of isolated neurons and its ability to stimulate serotonergic accumulation in cortical synaptic vesicles. Despite a marked loss of expression, the activity of the mutated isoform was only minimally altered. Furthermore, mutant mice displayed none of the behavioral alterations that have previously been reported in VGLUT3 knockout mice. Finally, we used stimulated emission depletion microscopy (STED) to analyze how the mutation altered VGLUT3 distribution within the terminals of mice expressing the mutated isoform. The mutation appeared to reduce the expression of the VGLUT3 transporter by simultaneously decreasing the number of VGLUT3-positive synaptic vesicles and the amount of VGLUT3 per synapses. These observations suggested that VGLUT3 global activity is not linearly correlated with VGLUT3 expression. Furthermore, our data unraveled a non-uniform distribution of VGLUT3 in synaptic vesicles. Identifying the mechanisms responsible for this complex vesicular sorting will be critical to understand VGLUT's involvement in normal and pathological conditions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVGLUT3 is an atypical member of the vesicular glutamate transporter family. A point mutation of VGLUT3 (VGLUT3-p.A211V) responsible for a progressive loss of hearing has been identified in humans. We observed that this mutation dramatically reduces VGLUT3 expression in terminals (approximately 70%) without altering its function. Furthermore, using stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, we found that reducing the expression levels of VGLUT3 diminished the number of VGLUT3-positive vesicles at synapses. These unexpected findings challenge the vision of a uniform distribution of synaptic vesicles at synapses. Therefore, the overall activity of VGLUT3 is not proportional to the level of VGLUT3 expression. These data will be key in interpreting the role of VGLUTs in human pathologies.
PMID: 28314816 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Alzheimer's and Danish dementia peptides induce cataract and perturb retinal architecture in rats.
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Alzheimer's and Danish dementia peptides induce cataract and perturb retinal architecture in rats.
Biomol Concepts. 2017 Mar 01;8(1):45-84
Authors: Reddy GB, Reddy PY, Surolia A
Abstract
Familial Danish dementias (FDDs) are autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorders that are associated with visual defects. In some aspects, FDD is similar to Alzheimer's disease (AD)- the amyloid deposits in FDD and AD are made of short peptides: amyloid β (Aβ) in AD and ADan in FDD. Previously, we demonstrated an interaction between the dementia peptides and α-crystallin leading to lens opacification in organ culture due to impaired chaperone activity of α-crystallin. Herein, we report the in vivo effects of ADan and Aβ on the eye. ADan [reduced (ADan-red) and oxidized (ADan-oxi)] and Aβ (Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42) were injected intravitreally in rats. The onset of cataract was seen after injection of all the peptides, but the cataract matured by 2 weeks in the case of ADan-red, 5 weeks for ADan-oxi and 6 weeks for Aβ1-40, while Aβ1-42 had minimal effect on cataract progression. The severity of cataract is associated with insolubilization and alterations in crystallins and loss of chaperone activity of α-crystallin. Further, disruption of the architecture of the retina was evident from a loss of rhodopsin, increased gliosis, and the thinning of the retina. These results provide a basis for the dominant heredo-otoophthalmo-encephalopathy (HOOE)/FDD syndrome and indicate that ADan peptides are more potent than Aβpeptides in inflicting visual impairment.
PMID: 28222009 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential: its age-related changes
Mohamed Shabana, Maha Hassan, Sherif El-Manawee, Nermeen El-Kilany
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):51-57
Objective: The purpose of this work is to assess the possible effect of aging on cVEMP in the Egyptian subjects to be compared with the international published response findings. Methods: After excluding subjects with previous history of dizziness, middle ear disorders or neuromuscular diseases, Forty subjects were equally divided into two age groups; group A: 20-40 years old (control group), group B: >60 years old (study group). VEMP was recorded for all subjects using tone burst 500 Hz stimuli at the threshold level and 95 dB n HL intensity level through air conduction stimulation. Results: There was a significant difference in the cVEMP response threshold (p< 0.001), P13 wave latency (p<0.001) between the two age groups. No significant difference was found between the right and left ears, N23 wave latency or in P13-N23 amplitude between the two groups. Conclusions: This study confirmed a significant increase in cVEMP thresholds and a significant prolongation of P13 latency with age. Normative age related data may be necessary to properly interpret cVEMP recordings when evaluating aging populations.
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Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):51-57
Objective: The purpose of this work is to assess the possible effect of aging on cVEMP in the Egyptian subjects to be compared with the international published response findings. Methods: After excluding subjects with previous history of dizziness, middle ear disorders or neuromuscular diseases, Forty subjects were equally divided into two age groups; group A: 20-40 years old (control group), group B: >60 years old (study group). VEMP was recorded for all subjects using tone burst 500 Hz stimuli at the threshold level and 95 dB n HL intensity level through air conduction stimulation. Results: There was a significant difference in the cVEMP response threshold (p< 0.001), P13 wave latency (p<0.001) between the two age groups. No significant difference was found between the right and left ears, N23 wave latency or in P13-N23 amplitude between the two groups. Conclusions: This study confirmed a significant increase in cVEMP thresholds and a significant prolongation of P13 latency with age. Normative age related data may be necessary to properly interpret cVEMP recordings when evaluating aging populations.
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School-based hearing screening program in children, four to seven years old, Quesnay City, Minufia, Egypt
Radwa Mahmoud, Mohammed Ibrahim Shabana, Ahmed Mohsen Seleit, Ahmed Ashraf Salah El-hamshary, Noha Ali Hosni
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):35-42
Background Hearing is the most essential perceptive sense for individual development, especially during childhood, contributing to a child’s ability to interact with other people. Its deprivation can have serious consequences on various aspects, such as speech and language acquisition and prereading skills. This study aimed to perform hearing screening of school children aged 4 and 7 years to detect the prevalence, incidence, and degree of hearing loss (HL) in this age group. Participants and methods This study was a cross-sectional investigation that included all children aged 4–7 years from all primary schools in Quesnay City, Minufiyah governorate, Egypt, from November 2014 to March 2016 (number of children=4500). A total number of 9000 ears were studied. All children included in the study underwent otoscopic examination, followed by two stages of school-based hearing screening. All children who failed the second stage of school-based hearing rescreening were referred for full audiological evaluation. Results Otoscopic examinations revealed the following: 54.2% of ears had normal ears 21.3% had impacted wax, 13.6% had congested tm, and 10.8% had perforated tm. Twenty percent (1800 ears) failed the first stage of school-based hearing screening. Six percent (540 ears) failed the second stage of school-based hearing rescreening. A total of 529 ears were diagnosed as having HL as follows: 427 (80.7%) had conductive hearing loss, 81 (15.3%) had sensorineural hearing loss, and 21 (4%) had mixed HL of different degrees − 265 (50.1%) had mild, 132 (24.9%) had moderate, 85 (16.1%) had moderately severe, 40 (7.6%) had severe, and seven (1.3%) had profound degree of HL. Conclusion A systematic screening program with correct equipment, trained personnel, and adequate follow-up services will allow children with educationally significant HL to be accurately diagnosed and managed to provide them with equal hearing opportunities.
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Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):35-42
Background Hearing is the most essential perceptive sense for individual development, especially during childhood, contributing to a child’s ability to interact with other people. Its deprivation can have serious consequences on various aspects, such as speech and language acquisition and prereading skills. This study aimed to perform hearing screening of school children aged 4 and 7 years to detect the prevalence, incidence, and degree of hearing loss (HL) in this age group. Participants and methods This study was a cross-sectional investigation that included all children aged 4–7 years from all primary schools in Quesnay City, Minufiyah governorate, Egypt, from November 2014 to March 2016 (number of children=4500). A total number of 9000 ears were studied. All children included in the study underwent otoscopic examination, followed by two stages of school-based hearing screening. All children who failed the second stage of school-based hearing rescreening were referred for full audiological evaluation. Results Otoscopic examinations revealed the following: 54.2% of ears had normal ears 21.3% had impacted wax, 13.6% had congested tm, and 10.8% had perforated tm. Twenty percent (1800 ears) failed the first stage of school-based hearing screening. Six percent (540 ears) failed the second stage of school-based hearing rescreening. A total of 529 ears were diagnosed as having HL as follows: 427 (80.7%) had conductive hearing loss, 81 (15.3%) had sensorineural hearing loss, and 21 (4%) had mixed HL of different degrees − 265 (50.1%) had mild, 132 (24.9%) had moderate, 85 (16.1%) had moderately severe, 40 (7.6%) had severe, and seven (1.3%) had profound degree of HL. Conclusion A systematic screening program with correct equipment, trained personnel, and adequate follow-up services will allow children with educationally significant HL to be accurately diagnosed and managed to provide them with equal hearing opportunities.
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Templates for speech-evoked auditory brainstem response performance in cochlear implantees
Mona I Mourad, Mohamed Eid, Hicham G Elmongui, Mohamed M Talaat, Mirhan K Eldeeb
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):25-34
Introduction Speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR) has been used to assess the fidelity of encoding speech stimuli at the subcortical level in normal individuals in noise and in special populations such as learning-impaired children and musicians. The neural code generated by cochlear implants (CIs) in the auditory brainstem pathway and its similarity to stimulus may account for variable speech development in cochlear implantees. Objective The aim of this study was to describe speech ABR recorded in CI individuals and establish measurement parameters for the neural response and its reproducibility. Participants and methods Children between 5 and 10 years of age implanted in the right ear with fully inserted 12-electrode CIs were selected. All participants had normal morphology of the cochlea and auditory nerve in preoperative computed tomographic scan and MRI. Speech syllable 40 ms /da/ was used to elicit speech ABR. Response traces for intensity input/output functions were harvested. Grand averages were constructed for peak picking. Individual patient responses were analyzed for reproducibility, latency of wave V, root mean square amplitude of the response, and correlation to the stimulus. Results Grand averages showed wave V, followed by the frequency following response. Wave V is a vertex-positive peak, equivalent to that elicited by a click, which reflects the stimulation by the transient /d/. The mean latency of wave V was 2.59±0.7 ms at 70 dBHL. The frequency following response showed multiple sequenced troughs corresponding to the sustained vowel /a/. Individual responses collected for similar stimulus parameters showed high reproducibility, being 99.65% at 60 dBHL and 52.8% at 30 dBHL. Participants showed variable latency and root mean square amplitude-intensity input–output functions slopes. The mean stimulus-to-response correlation was 18.1±3.1%. Conclusion Speech ABR in CI participants shows similar morphology to that recorded in norms. CIs thus transcribe the speech signal with high fidelity to the brainstem pathways.
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Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):25-34
Introduction Speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR) has been used to assess the fidelity of encoding speech stimuli at the subcortical level in normal individuals in noise and in special populations such as learning-impaired children and musicians. The neural code generated by cochlear implants (CIs) in the auditory brainstem pathway and its similarity to stimulus may account for variable speech development in cochlear implantees. Objective The aim of this study was to describe speech ABR recorded in CI individuals and establish measurement parameters for the neural response and its reproducibility. Participants and methods Children between 5 and 10 years of age implanted in the right ear with fully inserted 12-electrode CIs were selected. All participants had normal morphology of the cochlea and auditory nerve in preoperative computed tomographic scan and MRI. Speech syllable 40 ms /da/ was used to elicit speech ABR. Response traces for intensity input/output functions were harvested. Grand averages were constructed for peak picking. Individual patient responses were analyzed for reproducibility, latency of wave V, root mean square amplitude of the response, and correlation to the stimulus. Results Grand averages showed wave V, followed by the frequency following response. Wave V is a vertex-positive peak, equivalent to that elicited by a click, which reflects the stimulation by the transient /d/. The mean latency of wave V was 2.59±0.7 ms at 70 dBHL. The frequency following response showed multiple sequenced troughs corresponding to the sustained vowel /a/. Individual responses collected for similar stimulus parameters showed high reproducibility, being 99.65% at 60 dBHL and 52.8% at 30 dBHL. Participants showed variable latency and root mean square amplitude-intensity input–output functions slopes. The mean stimulus-to-response correlation was 18.1±3.1%. Conclusion Speech ABR in CI participants shows similar morphology to that recorded in norms. CIs thus transcribe the speech signal with high fidelity to the brainstem pathways.
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Implementation of objective audiometery among Suez Canal Authority workers
Mostafa K Madi, Mohammed Shabana, Lobna Hamed, Noha A Hosny, Hedayat El Fouly
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):43-50
Background Verification of the hearing level in the malinger workers is a long-standing problem. Otolaryngologists and audiologists are often called upon to evaluate the auditory thresholds of workers who file claims for compensation as a result of noise-induced hearing loss. Although objective diagnostic methods tend to dominate modern medical science, behavioral pure-tone audiometry (PTA) remains the golden standard for identifying hearing threshold levels. A number of auditory-evoked potential techniques have been implemented for this purpose over the past three decades. The most widely used of these techniques has been the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and more recently another auditory-evoked potential, the auditory steady-state response (ASSR). We also used old techniques such as postauricular myogenic potential and late cortical-evoked potential P100 as an alternative technique for objective audiometry. Rationale Integration of different objective hearing tests is deficient in the literature on high-risk adult population. Objectives To implement an objective protocol for assessing hearing in adult patients and for those difficult to test by routine PTA in Suez Canal Authority. Materials and methods This study was designed as a case–control study to collect and analyze data from September 2012 to be finished on June 2014. Sixty adult patients divided into two groups: those suffering from normal hearing and those suffering from sensorineural hearing loss. All patients in this research were submitted to the following: full history taking and otologic examination; basic audiological evaluations (PTA, speech audiometry and immittacemetry); tone burst ABR recorded using 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz stimulus; and ASSR stimulus using carrier frequencies 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz; postauricular myogenic potential response using 1000 and 4000 Hz; and late cortical-evoked potential P100 using 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. Results In the normal hearing group, ASSR and ABR thresholds are closer to PTA thresholds than posterior auricular muscle (PAM) thresholds, the difference decrease with increasing frequency being closer at 4000 Hz than 500 Hz results. In the study group ASSR and ABR thresholds are approximated to PTA thresholds but still the ASSR thresholds are closer to PTA thresholds than ABR thresholds and PAM threshold but much higher in the case of P100. In the study group, ABR and ASSR thresholds show the best level of prediction of PTA thresholds. We found that the mean difference between all test and pure-tone thresholds had a tendency to be smaller with increasing frequency in both groups. However, the mean difference in the study group was statistically significantly lower than the control group. There are statistically significant positive correlation between PTA threshold and both ABR and ASSR threshold at all frequencies. A statistically significant correlation was found only at 1000 Hz in PAM test and a statistically significant correlation was found only at 1000 and 2000 Hz in P100 test. Conclusion ASSR is more accurate at higher frequencies, making ASSR more suitable in accessing auditory thresholds in patients with noise-induced hearing loss.
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Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):43-50
Background Verification of the hearing level in the malinger workers is a long-standing problem. Otolaryngologists and audiologists are often called upon to evaluate the auditory thresholds of workers who file claims for compensation as a result of noise-induced hearing loss. Although objective diagnostic methods tend to dominate modern medical science, behavioral pure-tone audiometry (PTA) remains the golden standard for identifying hearing threshold levels. A number of auditory-evoked potential techniques have been implemented for this purpose over the past three decades. The most widely used of these techniques has been the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and more recently another auditory-evoked potential, the auditory steady-state response (ASSR). We also used old techniques such as postauricular myogenic potential and late cortical-evoked potential P100 as an alternative technique for objective audiometry. Rationale Integration of different objective hearing tests is deficient in the literature on high-risk adult population. Objectives To implement an objective protocol for assessing hearing in adult patients and for those difficult to test by routine PTA in Suez Canal Authority. Materials and methods This study was designed as a case–control study to collect and analyze data from September 2012 to be finished on June 2014. Sixty adult patients divided into two groups: those suffering from normal hearing and those suffering from sensorineural hearing loss. All patients in this research were submitted to the following: full history taking and otologic examination; basic audiological evaluations (PTA, speech audiometry and immittacemetry); tone burst ABR recorded using 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz stimulus; and ASSR stimulus using carrier frequencies 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz; postauricular myogenic potential response using 1000 and 4000 Hz; and late cortical-evoked potential P100 using 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. Results In the normal hearing group, ASSR and ABR thresholds are closer to PTA thresholds than posterior auricular muscle (PAM) thresholds, the difference decrease with increasing frequency being closer at 4000 Hz than 500 Hz results. In the study group ASSR and ABR thresholds are approximated to PTA thresholds but still the ASSR thresholds are closer to PTA thresholds than ABR thresholds and PAM threshold but much higher in the case of P100. In the study group, ABR and ASSR thresholds show the best level of prediction of PTA thresholds. We found that the mean difference between all test and pure-tone thresholds had a tendency to be smaller with increasing frequency in both groups. However, the mean difference in the study group was statistically significantly lower than the control group. There are statistically significant positive correlation between PTA threshold and both ABR and ASSR threshold at all frequencies. A statistically significant correlation was found only at 1000 Hz in PAM test and a statistically significant correlation was found only at 1000 and 2000 Hz in P100 test. Conclusion ASSR is more accurate at higher frequencies, making ASSR more suitable in accessing auditory thresholds in patients with noise-induced hearing loss.
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Importance of re-evaluating hearing loss in children, case study
Khairy Abulnasr
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):58-60
Case study of 5 years old boy presenting with unilateral hearing loss. the importance of combing the results of oto-acoustic emission and ABR test is crucial to reach diagnosis. the MRI brings the radiological image which concludes the diagnosis.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2nYV0wb
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Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):58-60
Case study of 5 years old boy presenting with unilateral hearing loss. the importance of combing the results of oto-acoustic emission and ABR test is crucial to reach diagnosis. the MRI brings the radiological image which concludes the diagnosis.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2nYV0wb
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Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential: its age-related changes
Mohamed Shabana, Maha Hassan, Sherif El-Manawee, Nermeen El-Kilany
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):51-57
Objective: The purpose of this work is to assess the possible effect of aging on cVEMP in the Egyptian subjects to be compared with the international published response findings. Methods: After excluding subjects with previous history of dizziness, middle ear disorders or neuromuscular diseases, Forty subjects were equally divided into two age groups; group A: 20-40 years old (control group), group B: >60 years old (study group). VEMP was recorded for all subjects using tone burst 500 Hz stimuli at the threshold level and 95 dB n HL intensity level through air conduction stimulation. Results: There was a significant difference in the cVEMP response threshold (p< 0.001), P13 wave latency (p<0.001) between the two age groups. No significant difference was found between the right and left ears, N23 wave latency or in P13-N23 amplitude between the two groups. Conclusions: This study confirmed a significant increase in cVEMP thresholds and a significant prolongation of P13 latency with age. Normative age related data may be necessary to properly interpret cVEMP recordings when evaluating aging populations.
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Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):51-57
Objective: The purpose of this work is to assess the possible effect of aging on cVEMP in the Egyptian subjects to be compared with the international published response findings. Methods: After excluding subjects with previous history of dizziness, middle ear disorders or neuromuscular diseases, Forty subjects were equally divided into two age groups; group A: 20-40 years old (control group), group B: >60 years old (study group). VEMP was recorded for all subjects using tone burst 500 Hz stimuli at the threshold level and 95 dB n HL intensity level through air conduction stimulation. Results: There was a significant difference in the cVEMP response threshold (p< 0.001), P13 wave latency (p<0.001) between the two age groups. No significant difference was found between the right and left ears, N23 wave latency or in P13-N23 amplitude between the two groups. Conclusions: This study confirmed a significant increase in cVEMP thresholds and a significant prolongation of P13 latency with age. Normative age related data may be necessary to properly interpret cVEMP recordings when evaluating aging populations.
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School-based hearing screening program in children, four to seven years old, Quesnay City, Minufia, Egypt
Radwa Mahmoud, Mohammed Ibrahim Shabana, Ahmed Mohsen Seleit, Ahmed Ashraf Salah El-hamshary, Noha Ali Hosni
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):35-42
Background Hearing is the most essential perceptive sense for individual development, especially during childhood, contributing to a child’s ability to interact with other people. Its deprivation can have serious consequences on various aspects, such as speech and language acquisition and prereading skills. This study aimed to perform hearing screening of school children aged 4 and 7 years to detect the prevalence, incidence, and degree of hearing loss (HL) in this age group. Participants and methods This study was a cross-sectional investigation that included all children aged 4–7 years from all primary schools in Quesnay City, Minufiyah governorate, Egypt, from November 2014 to March 2016 (number of children=4500). A total number of 9000 ears were studied. All children included in the study underwent otoscopic examination, followed by two stages of school-based hearing screening. All children who failed the second stage of school-based hearing rescreening were referred for full audiological evaluation. Results Otoscopic examinations revealed the following: 54.2% of ears had normal ears 21.3% had impacted wax, 13.6% had congested tm, and 10.8% had perforated tm. Twenty percent (1800 ears) failed the first stage of school-based hearing screening. Six percent (540 ears) failed the second stage of school-based hearing rescreening. A total of 529 ears were diagnosed as having HL as follows: 427 (80.7%) had conductive hearing loss, 81 (15.3%) had sensorineural hearing loss, and 21 (4%) had mixed HL of different degrees − 265 (50.1%) had mild, 132 (24.9%) had moderate, 85 (16.1%) had moderately severe, 40 (7.6%) had severe, and seven (1.3%) had profound degree of HL. Conclusion A systematic screening program with correct equipment, trained personnel, and adequate follow-up services will allow children with educationally significant HL to be accurately diagnosed and managed to provide them with equal hearing opportunities.
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Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):35-42
Background Hearing is the most essential perceptive sense for individual development, especially during childhood, contributing to a child’s ability to interact with other people. Its deprivation can have serious consequences on various aspects, such as speech and language acquisition and prereading skills. This study aimed to perform hearing screening of school children aged 4 and 7 years to detect the prevalence, incidence, and degree of hearing loss (HL) in this age group. Participants and methods This study was a cross-sectional investigation that included all children aged 4–7 years from all primary schools in Quesnay City, Minufiyah governorate, Egypt, from November 2014 to March 2016 (number of children=4500). A total number of 9000 ears were studied. All children included in the study underwent otoscopic examination, followed by two stages of school-based hearing screening. All children who failed the second stage of school-based hearing rescreening were referred for full audiological evaluation. Results Otoscopic examinations revealed the following: 54.2% of ears had normal ears 21.3% had impacted wax, 13.6% had congested tm, and 10.8% had perforated tm. Twenty percent (1800 ears) failed the first stage of school-based hearing screening. Six percent (540 ears) failed the second stage of school-based hearing rescreening. A total of 529 ears were diagnosed as having HL as follows: 427 (80.7%) had conductive hearing loss, 81 (15.3%) had sensorineural hearing loss, and 21 (4%) had mixed HL of different degrees − 265 (50.1%) had mild, 132 (24.9%) had moderate, 85 (16.1%) had moderately severe, 40 (7.6%) had severe, and seven (1.3%) had profound degree of HL. Conclusion A systematic screening program with correct equipment, trained personnel, and adequate follow-up services will allow children with educationally significant HL to be accurately diagnosed and managed to provide them with equal hearing opportunities.
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Templates for speech-evoked auditory brainstem response performance in cochlear implantees
Mona I Mourad, Mohamed Eid, Hicham G Elmongui, Mohamed M Talaat, Mirhan K Eldeeb
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):25-34
Introduction Speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR) has been used to assess the fidelity of encoding speech stimuli at the subcortical level in normal individuals in noise and in special populations such as learning-impaired children and musicians. The neural code generated by cochlear implants (CIs) in the auditory brainstem pathway and its similarity to stimulus may account for variable speech development in cochlear implantees. Objective The aim of this study was to describe speech ABR recorded in CI individuals and establish measurement parameters for the neural response and its reproducibility. Participants and methods Children between 5 and 10 years of age implanted in the right ear with fully inserted 12-electrode CIs were selected. All participants had normal morphology of the cochlea and auditory nerve in preoperative computed tomographic scan and MRI. Speech syllable 40 ms /da/ was used to elicit speech ABR. Response traces for intensity input/output functions were harvested. Grand averages were constructed for peak picking. Individual patient responses were analyzed for reproducibility, latency of wave V, root mean square amplitude of the response, and correlation to the stimulus. Results Grand averages showed wave V, followed by the frequency following response. Wave V is a vertex-positive peak, equivalent to that elicited by a click, which reflects the stimulation by the transient /d/. The mean latency of wave V was 2.59±0.7 ms at 70 dBHL. The frequency following response showed multiple sequenced troughs corresponding to the sustained vowel /a/. Individual responses collected for similar stimulus parameters showed high reproducibility, being 99.65% at 60 dBHL and 52.8% at 30 dBHL. Participants showed variable latency and root mean square amplitude-intensity input–output functions slopes. The mean stimulus-to-response correlation was 18.1±3.1%. Conclusion Speech ABR in CI participants shows similar morphology to that recorded in norms. CIs thus transcribe the speech signal with high fidelity to the brainstem pathways.
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Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):25-34
Introduction Speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR) has been used to assess the fidelity of encoding speech stimuli at the subcortical level in normal individuals in noise and in special populations such as learning-impaired children and musicians. The neural code generated by cochlear implants (CIs) in the auditory brainstem pathway and its similarity to stimulus may account for variable speech development in cochlear implantees. Objective The aim of this study was to describe speech ABR recorded in CI individuals and establish measurement parameters for the neural response and its reproducibility. Participants and methods Children between 5 and 10 years of age implanted in the right ear with fully inserted 12-electrode CIs were selected. All participants had normal morphology of the cochlea and auditory nerve in preoperative computed tomographic scan and MRI. Speech syllable 40 ms /da/ was used to elicit speech ABR. Response traces for intensity input/output functions were harvested. Grand averages were constructed for peak picking. Individual patient responses were analyzed for reproducibility, latency of wave V, root mean square amplitude of the response, and correlation to the stimulus. Results Grand averages showed wave V, followed by the frequency following response. Wave V is a vertex-positive peak, equivalent to that elicited by a click, which reflects the stimulation by the transient /d/. The mean latency of wave V was 2.59±0.7 ms at 70 dBHL. The frequency following response showed multiple sequenced troughs corresponding to the sustained vowel /a/. Individual responses collected for similar stimulus parameters showed high reproducibility, being 99.65% at 60 dBHL and 52.8% at 30 dBHL. Participants showed variable latency and root mean square amplitude-intensity input–output functions slopes. The mean stimulus-to-response correlation was 18.1±3.1%. Conclusion Speech ABR in CI participants shows similar morphology to that recorded in norms. CIs thus transcribe the speech signal with high fidelity to the brainstem pathways.
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Implementation of objective audiometery among Suez Canal Authority workers
Mostafa K Madi, Mohammed Shabana, Lobna Hamed, Noha A Hosny, Hedayat El Fouly
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):43-50
Background Verification of the hearing level in the malinger workers is a long-standing problem. Otolaryngologists and audiologists are often called upon to evaluate the auditory thresholds of workers who file claims for compensation as a result of noise-induced hearing loss. Although objective diagnostic methods tend to dominate modern medical science, behavioral pure-tone audiometry (PTA) remains the golden standard for identifying hearing threshold levels. A number of auditory-evoked potential techniques have been implemented for this purpose over the past three decades. The most widely used of these techniques has been the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and more recently another auditory-evoked potential, the auditory steady-state response (ASSR). We also used old techniques such as postauricular myogenic potential and late cortical-evoked potential P100 as an alternative technique for objective audiometry. Rationale Integration of different objective hearing tests is deficient in the literature on high-risk adult population. Objectives To implement an objective protocol for assessing hearing in adult patients and for those difficult to test by routine PTA in Suez Canal Authority. Materials and methods This study was designed as a case–control study to collect and analyze data from September 2012 to be finished on June 2014. Sixty adult patients divided into two groups: those suffering from normal hearing and those suffering from sensorineural hearing loss. All patients in this research were submitted to the following: full history taking and otologic examination; basic audiological evaluations (PTA, speech audiometry and immittacemetry); tone burst ABR recorded using 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz stimulus; and ASSR stimulus using carrier frequencies 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz; postauricular myogenic potential response using 1000 and 4000 Hz; and late cortical-evoked potential P100 using 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. Results In the normal hearing group, ASSR and ABR thresholds are closer to PTA thresholds than posterior auricular muscle (PAM) thresholds, the difference decrease with increasing frequency being closer at 4000 Hz than 500 Hz results. In the study group ASSR and ABR thresholds are approximated to PTA thresholds but still the ASSR thresholds are closer to PTA thresholds than ABR thresholds and PAM threshold but much higher in the case of P100. In the study group, ABR and ASSR thresholds show the best level of prediction of PTA thresholds. We found that the mean difference between all test and pure-tone thresholds had a tendency to be smaller with increasing frequency in both groups. However, the mean difference in the study group was statistically significantly lower than the control group. There are statistically significant positive correlation between PTA threshold and both ABR and ASSR threshold at all frequencies. A statistically significant correlation was found only at 1000 Hz in PAM test and a statistically significant correlation was found only at 1000 and 2000 Hz in P100 test. Conclusion ASSR is more accurate at higher frequencies, making ASSR more suitable in accessing auditory thresholds in patients with noise-induced hearing loss.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2nhibEw
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Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):43-50
Background Verification of the hearing level in the malinger workers is a long-standing problem. Otolaryngologists and audiologists are often called upon to evaluate the auditory thresholds of workers who file claims for compensation as a result of noise-induced hearing loss. Although objective diagnostic methods tend to dominate modern medical science, behavioral pure-tone audiometry (PTA) remains the golden standard for identifying hearing threshold levels. A number of auditory-evoked potential techniques have been implemented for this purpose over the past three decades. The most widely used of these techniques has been the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and more recently another auditory-evoked potential, the auditory steady-state response (ASSR). We also used old techniques such as postauricular myogenic potential and late cortical-evoked potential P100 as an alternative technique for objective audiometry. Rationale Integration of different objective hearing tests is deficient in the literature on high-risk adult population. Objectives To implement an objective protocol for assessing hearing in adult patients and for those difficult to test by routine PTA in Suez Canal Authority. Materials and methods This study was designed as a case–control study to collect and analyze data from September 2012 to be finished on June 2014. Sixty adult patients divided into two groups: those suffering from normal hearing and those suffering from sensorineural hearing loss. All patients in this research were submitted to the following: full history taking and otologic examination; basic audiological evaluations (PTA, speech audiometry and immittacemetry); tone burst ABR recorded using 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz stimulus; and ASSR stimulus using carrier frequencies 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz; postauricular myogenic potential response using 1000 and 4000 Hz; and late cortical-evoked potential P100 using 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. Results In the normal hearing group, ASSR and ABR thresholds are closer to PTA thresholds than posterior auricular muscle (PAM) thresholds, the difference decrease with increasing frequency being closer at 4000 Hz than 500 Hz results. In the study group ASSR and ABR thresholds are approximated to PTA thresholds but still the ASSR thresholds are closer to PTA thresholds than ABR thresholds and PAM threshold but much higher in the case of P100. In the study group, ABR and ASSR thresholds show the best level of prediction of PTA thresholds. We found that the mean difference between all test and pure-tone thresholds had a tendency to be smaller with increasing frequency in both groups. However, the mean difference in the study group was statistically significantly lower than the control group. There are statistically significant positive correlation between PTA threshold and both ABR and ASSR threshold at all frequencies. A statistically significant correlation was found only at 1000 Hz in PAM test and a statistically significant correlation was found only at 1000 and 2000 Hz in P100 test. Conclusion ASSR is more accurate at higher frequencies, making ASSR more suitable in accessing auditory thresholds in patients with noise-induced hearing loss.
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Importance of re-evaluating hearing loss in children, case study
Khairy Abulnasr
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):58-60
Case study of 5 years old boy presenting with unilateral hearing loss. the importance of combing the results of oto-acoustic emission and ABR test is crucial to reach diagnosis. the MRI brings the radiological image which concludes the diagnosis.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2nYV0wb
via IFTTT
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):58-60
Case study of 5 years old boy presenting with unilateral hearing loss. the importance of combing the results of oto-acoustic emission and ABR test is crucial to reach diagnosis. the MRI brings the radiological image which concludes the diagnosis.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2nYV0wb
via IFTTT
Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential: its age-related changes
Mohamed Shabana, Maha Hassan, Sherif El-Manawee, Nermeen El-Kilany
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):51-57
Objective: The purpose of this work is to assess the possible effect of aging on cVEMP in the Egyptian subjects to be compared with the international published response findings. Methods: After excluding subjects with previous history of dizziness, middle ear disorders or neuromuscular diseases, Forty subjects were equally divided into two age groups; group A: 20-40 years old (control group), group B: >60 years old (study group). VEMP was recorded for all subjects using tone burst 500 Hz stimuli at the threshold level and 95 dB n HL intensity level through air conduction stimulation. Results: There was a significant difference in the cVEMP response threshold (p< 0.001), P13 wave latency (p<0.001) between the two age groups. No significant difference was found between the right and left ears, N23 wave latency or in P13-N23 amplitude between the two groups. Conclusions: This study confirmed a significant increase in cVEMP thresholds and a significant prolongation of P13 latency with age. Normative age related data may be necessary to properly interpret cVEMP recordings when evaluating aging populations.
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Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):51-57
Objective: The purpose of this work is to assess the possible effect of aging on cVEMP in the Egyptian subjects to be compared with the international published response findings. Methods: After excluding subjects with previous history of dizziness, middle ear disorders or neuromuscular diseases, Forty subjects were equally divided into two age groups; group A: 20-40 years old (control group), group B: >60 years old (study group). VEMP was recorded for all subjects using tone burst 500 Hz stimuli at the threshold level and 95 dB n HL intensity level through air conduction stimulation. Results: There was a significant difference in the cVEMP response threshold (p< 0.001), P13 wave latency (p<0.001) between the two age groups. No significant difference was found between the right and left ears, N23 wave latency or in P13-N23 amplitude between the two groups. Conclusions: This study confirmed a significant increase in cVEMP thresholds and a significant prolongation of P13 latency with age. Normative age related data may be necessary to properly interpret cVEMP recordings when evaluating aging populations.
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School-based hearing screening program in children, four to seven years old, Quesnay City, Minufia, Egypt
Radwa Mahmoud, Mohammed Ibrahim Shabana, Ahmed Mohsen Seleit, Ahmed Ashraf Salah El-hamshary, Noha Ali Hosni
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):35-42
Background Hearing is the most essential perceptive sense for individual development, especially during childhood, contributing to a child’s ability to interact with other people. Its deprivation can have serious consequences on various aspects, such as speech and language acquisition and prereading skills. This study aimed to perform hearing screening of school children aged 4 and 7 years to detect the prevalence, incidence, and degree of hearing loss (HL) in this age group. Participants and methods This study was a cross-sectional investigation that included all children aged 4–7 years from all primary schools in Quesnay City, Minufiyah governorate, Egypt, from November 2014 to March 2016 (number of children=4500). A total number of 9000 ears were studied. All children included in the study underwent otoscopic examination, followed by two stages of school-based hearing screening. All children who failed the second stage of school-based hearing rescreening were referred for full audiological evaluation. Results Otoscopic examinations revealed the following: 54.2% of ears had normal ears 21.3% had impacted wax, 13.6% had congested tm, and 10.8% had perforated tm. Twenty percent (1800 ears) failed the first stage of school-based hearing screening. Six percent (540 ears) failed the second stage of school-based hearing rescreening. A total of 529 ears were diagnosed as having HL as follows: 427 (80.7%) had conductive hearing loss, 81 (15.3%) had sensorineural hearing loss, and 21 (4%) had mixed HL of different degrees − 265 (50.1%) had mild, 132 (24.9%) had moderate, 85 (16.1%) had moderately severe, 40 (7.6%) had severe, and seven (1.3%) had profound degree of HL. Conclusion A systematic screening program with correct equipment, trained personnel, and adequate follow-up services will allow children with educationally significant HL to be accurately diagnosed and managed to provide them with equal hearing opportunities.
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Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):35-42
Background Hearing is the most essential perceptive sense for individual development, especially during childhood, contributing to a child’s ability to interact with other people. Its deprivation can have serious consequences on various aspects, such as speech and language acquisition and prereading skills. This study aimed to perform hearing screening of school children aged 4 and 7 years to detect the prevalence, incidence, and degree of hearing loss (HL) in this age group. Participants and methods This study was a cross-sectional investigation that included all children aged 4–7 years from all primary schools in Quesnay City, Minufiyah governorate, Egypt, from November 2014 to March 2016 (number of children=4500). A total number of 9000 ears were studied. All children included in the study underwent otoscopic examination, followed by two stages of school-based hearing screening. All children who failed the second stage of school-based hearing rescreening were referred for full audiological evaluation. Results Otoscopic examinations revealed the following: 54.2% of ears had normal ears 21.3% had impacted wax, 13.6% had congested tm, and 10.8% had perforated tm. Twenty percent (1800 ears) failed the first stage of school-based hearing screening. Six percent (540 ears) failed the second stage of school-based hearing rescreening. A total of 529 ears were diagnosed as having HL as follows: 427 (80.7%) had conductive hearing loss, 81 (15.3%) had sensorineural hearing loss, and 21 (4%) had mixed HL of different degrees − 265 (50.1%) had mild, 132 (24.9%) had moderate, 85 (16.1%) had moderately severe, 40 (7.6%) had severe, and seven (1.3%) had profound degree of HL. Conclusion A systematic screening program with correct equipment, trained personnel, and adequate follow-up services will allow children with educationally significant HL to be accurately diagnosed and managed to provide them with equal hearing opportunities.
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Templates for speech-evoked auditory brainstem response performance in cochlear implantees
Mona I Mourad, Mohamed Eid, Hicham G Elmongui, Mohamed M Talaat, Mirhan K Eldeeb
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):25-34
Introduction Speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR) has been used to assess the fidelity of encoding speech stimuli at the subcortical level in normal individuals in noise and in special populations such as learning-impaired children and musicians. The neural code generated by cochlear implants (CIs) in the auditory brainstem pathway and its similarity to stimulus may account for variable speech development in cochlear implantees. Objective The aim of this study was to describe speech ABR recorded in CI individuals and establish measurement parameters for the neural response and its reproducibility. Participants and methods Children between 5 and 10 years of age implanted in the right ear with fully inserted 12-electrode CIs were selected. All participants had normal morphology of the cochlea and auditory nerve in preoperative computed tomographic scan and MRI. Speech syllable 40 ms /da/ was used to elicit speech ABR. Response traces for intensity input/output functions were harvested. Grand averages were constructed for peak picking. Individual patient responses were analyzed for reproducibility, latency of wave V, root mean square amplitude of the response, and correlation to the stimulus. Results Grand averages showed wave V, followed by the frequency following response. Wave V is a vertex-positive peak, equivalent to that elicited by a click, which reflects the stimulation by the transient /d/. The mean latency of wave V was 2.59±0.7 ms at 70 dBHL. The frequency following response showed multiple sequenced troughs corresponding to the sustained vowel /a/. Individual responses collected for similar stimulus parameters showed high reproducibility, being 99.65% at 60 dBHL and 52.8% at 30 dBHL. Participants showed variable latency and root mean square amplitude-intensity input–output functions slopes. The mean stimulus-to-response correlation was 18.1±3.1%. Conclusion Speech ABR in CI participants shows similar morphology to that recorded in norms. CIs thus transcribe the speech signal with high fidelity to the brainstem pathways.
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Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):25-34
Introduction Speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR) has been used to assess the fidelity of encoding speech stimuli at the subcortical level in normal individuals in noise and in special populations such as learning-impaired children and musicians. The neural code generated by cochlear implants (CIs) in the auditory brainstem pathway and its similarity to stimulus may account for variable speech development in cochlear implantees. Objective The aim of this study was to describe speech ABR recorded in CI individuals and establish measurement parameters for the neural response and its reproducibility. Participants and methods Children between 5 and 10 years of age implanted in the right ear with fully inserted 12-electrode CIs were selected. All participants had normal morphology of the cochlea and auditory nerve in preoperative computed tomographic scan and MRI. Speech syllable 40 ms /da/ was used to elicit speech ABR. Response traces for intensity input/output functions were harvested. Grand averages were constructed for peak picking. Individual patient responses were analyzed for reproducibility, latency of wave V, root mean square amplitude of the response, and correlation to the stimulus. Results Grand averages showed wave V, followed by the frequency following response. Wave V is a vertex-positive peak, equivalent to that elicited by a click, which reflects the stimulation by the transient /d/. The mean latency of wave V was 2.59±0.7 ms at 70 dBHL. The frequency following response showed multiple sequenced troughs corresponding to the sustained vowel /a/. Individual responses collected for similar stimulus parameters showed high reproducibility, being 99.65% at 60 dBHL and 52.8% at 30 dBHL. Participants showed variable latency and root mean square amplitude-intensity input–output functions slopes. The mean stimulus-to-response correlation was 18.1±3.1%. Conclusion Speech ABR in CI participants shows similar morphology to that recorded in norms. CIs thus transcribe the speech signal with high fidelity to the brainstem pathways.
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Implementation of objective audiometery among Suez Canal Authority workers
Mostafa K Madi, Mohammed Shabana, Lobna Hamed, Noha A Hosny, Hedayat El Fouly
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):43-50
Background Verification of the hearing level in the malinger workers is a long-standing problem. Otolaryngologists and audiologists are often called upon to evaluate the auditory thresholds of workers who file claims for compensation as a result of noise-induced hearing loss. Although objective diagnostic methods tend to dominate modern medical science, behavioral pure-tone audiometry (PTA) remains the golden standard for identifying hearing threshold levels. A number of auditory-evoked potential techniques have been implemented for this purpose over the past three decades. The most widely used of these techniques has been the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and more recently another auditory-evoked potential, the auditory steady-state response (ASSR). We also used old techniques such as postauricular myogenic potential and late cortical-evoked potential P100 as an alternative technique for objective audiometry. Rationale Integration of different objective hearing tests is deficient in the literature on high-risk adult population. Objectives To implement an objective protocol for assessing hearing in adult patients and for those difficult to test by routine PTA in Suez Canal Authority. Materials and methods This study was designed as a case–control study to collect and analyze data from September 2012 to be finished on June 2014. Sixty adult patients divided into two groups: those suffering from normal hearing and those suffering from sensorineural hearing loss. All patients in this research were submitted to the following: full history taking and otologic examination; basic audiological evaluations (PTA, speech audiometry and immittacemetry); tone burst ABR recorded using 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz stimulus; and ASSR stimulus using carrier frequencies 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz; postauricular myogenic potential response using 1000 and 4000 Hz; and late cortical-evoked potential P100 using 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. Results In the normal hearing group, ASSR and ABR thresholds are closer to PTA thresholds than posterior auricular muscle (PAM) thresholds, the difference decrease with increasing frequency being closer at 4000 Hz than 500 Hz results. In the study group ASSR and ABR thresholds are approximated to PTA thresholds but still the ASSR thresholds are closer to PTA thresholds than ABR thresholds and PAM threshold but much higher in the case of P100. In the study group, ABR and ASSR thresholds show the best level of prediction of PTA thresholds. We found that the mean difference between all test and pure-tone thresholds had a tendency to be smaller with increasing frequency in both groups. However, the mean difference in the study group was statistically significantly lower than the control group. There are statistically significant positive correlation between PTA threshold and both ABR and ASSR threshold at all frequencies. A statistically significant correlation was found only at 1000 Hz in PAM test and a statistically significant correlation was found only at 1000 and 2000 Hz in P100 test. Conclusion ASSR is more accurate at higher frequencies, making ASSR more suitable in accessing auditory thresholds in patients with noise-induced hearing loss.
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Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):43-50
Background Verification of the hearing level in the malinger workers is a long-standing problem. Otolaryngologists and audiologists are often called upon to evaluate the auditory thresholds of workers who file claims for compensation as a result of noise-induced hearing loss. Although objective diagnostic methods tend to dominate modern medical science, behavioral pure-tone audiometry (PTA) remains the golden standard for identifying hearing threshold levels. A number of auditory-evoked potential techniques have been implemented for this purpose over the past three decades. The most widely used of these techniques has been the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and more recently another auditory-evoked potential, the auditory steady-state response (ASSR). We also used old techniques such as postauricular myogenic potential and late cortical-evoked potential P100 as an alternative technique for objective audiometry. Rationale Integration of different objective hearing tests is deficient in the literature on high-risk adult population. Objectives To implement an objective protocol for assessing hearing in adult patients and for those difficult to test by routine PTA in Suez Canal Authority. Materials and methods This study was designed as a case–control study to collect and analyze data from September 2012 to be finished on June 2014. Sixty adult patients divided into two groups: those suffering from normal hearing and those suffering from sensorineural hearing loss. All patients in this research were submitted to the following: full history taking and otologic examination; basic audiological evaluations (PTA, speech audiometry and immittacemetry); tone burst ABR recorded using 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz stimulus; and ASSR stimulus using carrier frequencies 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz; postauricular myogenic potential response using 1000 and 4000 Hz; and late cortical-evoked potential P100 using 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. Results In the normal hearing group, ASSR and ABR thresholds are closer to PTA thresholds than posterior auricular muscle (PAM) thresholds, the difference decrease with increasing frequency being closer at 4000 Hz than 500 Hz results. In the study group ASSR and ABR thresholds are approximated to PTA thresholds but still the ASSR thresholds are closer to PTA thresholds than ABR thresholds and PAM threshold but much higher in the case of P100. In the study group, ABR and ASSR thresholds show the best level of prediction of PTA thresholds. We found that the mean difference between all test and pure-tone thresholds had a tendency to be smaller with increasing frequency in both groups. However, the mean difference in the study group was statistically significantly lower than the control group. There are statistically significant positive correlation between PTA threshold and both ABR and ASSR threshold at all frequencies. A statistically significant correlation was found only at 1000 Hz in PAM test and a statistically significant correlation was found only at 1000 and 2000 Hz in P100 test. Conclusion ASSR is more accurate at higher frequencies, making ASSR more suitable in accessing auditory thresholds in patients with noise-induced hearing loss.
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Importance of re-evaluating hearing loss in children, case study
Khairy Abulnasr
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):58-60
Case study of 5 years old boy presenting with unilateral hearing loss. the importance of combing the results of oto-acoustic emission and ABR test is crucial to reach diagnosis. the MRI brings the radiological image which concludes the diagnosis.
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Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2016 3(2):58-60
Case study of 5 years old boy presenting with unilateral hearing loss. the importance of combing the results of oto-acoustic emission and ABR test is crucial to reach diagnosis. the MRI brings the radiological image which concludes the diagnosis.
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