Baby Driver: A Movie where the Hero Has Tinnitus

They did it!

They finally made a movie about a hero who suffers from Tinnitus.

Ansel Elgort plays a getaway driver who listens to music at all times in order to mask his tinnitus tone (sound familiar?).

Thought you’d all enjoy watching this!

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Single-Center Study Investigating Foreign Language Acquisition at School in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Uni- or Bilateral Cochlear Implants in the Swiss German Population.

Objective: To evaluate foreign language acquisition at school in cochlear implant patients. Study Design: Cohort study. Setting: CI center. Patients: Forty three cochlear implants (CI) patients (10-18 yr) were evaluated. CI nonusers and patients with CI-explantation, incomplete datasets, mental retardation, or concomitant medical disorders were excluded. Intervention(s): Additional data (type of schooling, foreign language learning, and bilingualism) were obtained with questionnaires. German-speaking children with foreign tuition language (English and/or French) at school were enrolled for further testing. Main Outcome Measure(s): General patient data, auditory data, and foreign language data from both questionnaires and tests were collected and analyzed. Results: Thirty seven out of 43 questionnaires (86%) were completed. Sixteen (43%) were in mainstream education. Twenty-seven CI users (73%) have foreign language learning at school. Fifteen of these were in mainstream education (55%), others in special schooling. From 10 CI users without foreign language learning, one CI user was in mainstream education (10%) and nine patients (90%) were in special schooling. Eleven German-speaking CI users were further tested in English and six additionally in French. For reading skills, the school objectives for English were reached in 7 of 11 pupils (64%) and for French in 3 of 6 pupils (50%). For listening skills, 3 of 11 pupils (27%) reached the school norm in English and none in French. Conclusions: Almost 75% of our CI users learn foreign language(s) at school. A small majority of the tested CI users reached the current school norm for in English and French in reading skills, whereas for hearing skills most of them were not able to reach the norm. Copyright (C) 2017 by Otology & Neurotology, Inc. Image copyright (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health/Anatomical Chart Company

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The Effect of Elevated Intracranial Pressure on Frequency Tuning of Air-conducted Ocular Vestibular Myogenic Potentials in Meniere's Disease Patients.

Objective: To investigate the effect of increased intracranial pressure on ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) amplitudes and frequency tuning in patients with Meniere's disease (MD) to elucidate whether oVEMPS recorded under such conditions could provide a simple and accurate diagnostic test for MD. Setting: Tertiary referral center for otology and neurotology. Patients: Ten patients with certain unilateral MD (mean age = 48.2 yr, range 25-75 yr, 6 males and 4 females) as confirmed by a locally enhanced inner ear MRI (LEIM) were enrolled in this study. Design: Air-conducted tone-burst oVEMP amplitudes were measured in response to 500 Hz and 1000 Hz in the horizontal plane (0 degree), a 20-degree head-down position. Results: Tilting the patients from the horizontal position to the 20-degree head-down position led to a large reduction in oVEMP amplitudes to the 500 Hz tone burst (3.02 [mu]V vs 1.17 [mu]V, p = 0.005) and to a smaller one in the 1000 Hz tone burst (2.28 [mu]V vs 1.78 [mu]V, p = 0.013) in the Meniere's ear. Accordingly, the 500/1000 Hz frequency-tuning ratio was significantly decreased in the Meniere's ear as a result of this manoeuver (1.36 vs 0.75, p = 0.005). Conclusion: oVEMP amplitudes and frequency tuning in MD patients show a similar behavior to that found in healthy control subjects. oVEMP testing of putative MD patients in the tilted position is therefore unlikely to be diagnostically useful. Copyright (C) 2017 by Otology & Neurotology, Inc. Image copyright (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health/Anatomical Chart Company

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The Application of Next-Generation Sequencing for Mutation Detection in Autosomal-Dominant Hereditary Hearing Impairment.

Objective: Identification of the causative mutation using next-generation sequencing in autosomal-dominant hereditary hearing impairment, as mutation analysis in hereditary hearing impairment by classic genetic methods, is hindered by the high heterogeneity of the disease. Patients: Two Swiss families with autosomal-dominant hereditary hearing impairment. Intervention: Amplified DNA libraries for next-generation sequencing were constructed from extracted genomic DNA, derived from peripheral blood, and enriched by a custom-made sequence capture library. Validated, pooled libraries were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq instrument, 300 cycles and paired-end sequencing. Technical data analysis was performed with SeqMonk, variant analysis with GeneTalk or VariantStudio. The detection of mutations in genes related to hearing loss by next-generation sequencing was subsequently confirmed using specific polymerase-chain-reaction and Sanger sequencing. Main Outcome Measure: Mutation detection in hearing-loss-related genes. Results: The first family harbored the mutation c.5383+5delGTGA in the TECTA-gene. In the second family, a novel mutation c.2614-2625delCATGGCGCCGTG in the WFS1-gene and a second mutation TCOF1-c.1028G>A were identified. Conclusion: Next-generation sequencing successfully identified the causative mutation in families with autosomal-dominant hereditary hearing impairment. The results helped to clarify the pathogenic role of a known mutation and led to the detection of a novel one. NGS represents a feasible approach with great potential future in the diagnostics of hereditary hearing impairment, even in smaller labs. Copyright (C) 2017 by Otology & Neurotology, Inc. Image copyright (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health/Anatomical Chart Company

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Outcome of Cochlear Implantation in Prelingually Deafened Children According to Molecular Genetic Etiology.

Objectives: About 60% of Korean pediatric cochlear implantees could be genetically diagnosed (GD) and we previously reported that a substantial portion of undiagnosed cases by deafness gene panel sequencing were predicted to have a nongenetic or complex etiology. We aimed to compare the outcomes of cochlear implantation (CI) in GD and genetically undiagnosed (GUD) patients and attempted to determine CI outcomes according to etiology. Design: Ninety-three pediatric cochlear implantees underwent molecular genetic testing. Fifty-seven patients carried pathogenic variants and 36 patients remained GUD after panel sequencing of 204 known or potential deafness genes (TRS-204). Among them, 55 cochlear implantees with reliable speech evaluation results with a follow-up of longer than 24 months were recruited. Longitudinal changes in the audiologic performance were compared between the GD (n = 31) and GUD (n = 24) groups. The GD group was subdivided into cochlear implantee with SLC26A4 mutations (group 1) and cochlear implantee with other genetic etiology (group 2), and the GUD group was subdivided into groups 3 and 4, that is, patients with or without inner ear anomaly, respectively. Results: Group 1 related to SLC26A4 mutations had the highest categories of auditory perception scores among all groups pre- and postoperatively. Group 4 with inner ear anomaly had the lowest categories of auditory perception scores. At 24 months post-CI, the group 2 with another genetic etiology had significantly better outcomes than molecularly undiagnosed group 3, which had with the same condition as group 2 except that the candidate gene was not detected. This finding was recapitulated when we limited cases to those that underwent CI before 24 months of age to minimize age-related bias at implantation. Furthermore, on extending the follow-up to 36 months postoperatively, this tendency became more prominent. Additionally, our preliminary clinical data suggest a narrower sensitive window period for good CI outcomes for implantees with OTOF mutation rather than the GJB2 and other genes. Conclusions: Current molecular genetic testing including deafness panel sequencing helps to predict the 2-year follow-up outcomes after CI in prelingually deafened children. GD cochlear implantees show better functional outcomes after CI than undiagnosed cochlear implantees as determined by deafness panel sequencing, suggesting a genotype-functional outcome correlation. The genetic testing may provide a customized optimal window period in terms of CI timing for favorable outcome according to genetic etiology. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Outcome of Cochlear Implantation in Prelingually Deafened Children According to Molecular Genetic Etiology.

Objectives: About 60% of Korean pediatric cochlear implantees could be genetically diagnosed (GD) and we previously reported that a substantial portion of undiagnosed cases by deafness gene panel sequencing were predicted to have a nongenetic or complex etiology. We aimed to compare the outcomes of cochlear implantation (CI) in GD and genetically undiagnosed (GUD) patients and attempted to determine CI outcomes according to etiology. Design: Ninety-three pediatric cochlear implantees underwent molecular genetic testing. Fifty-seven patients carried pathogenic variants and 36 patients remained GUD after panel sequencing of 204 known or potential deafness genes (TRS-204). Among them, 55 cochlear implantees with reliable speech evaluation results with a follow-up of longer than 24 months were recruited. Longitudinal changes in the audiologic performance were compared between the GD (n = 31) and GUD (n = 24) groups. The GD group was subdivided into cochlear implantee with SLC26A4 mutations (group 1) and cochlear implantee with other genetic etiology (group 2), and the GUD group was subdivided into groups 3 and 4, that is, patients with or without inner ear anomaly, respectively. Results: Group 1 related to SLC26A4 mutations had the highest categories of auditory perception scores among all groups pre- and postoperatively. Group 4 with inner ear anomaly had the lowest categories of auditory perception scores. At 24 months post-CI, the group 2 with another genetic etiology had significantly better outcomes than molecularly undiagnosed group 3, which had with the same condition as group 2 except that the candidate gene was not detected. This finding was recapitulated when we limited cases to those that underwent CI before 24 months of age to minimize age-related bias at implantation. Furthermore, on extending the follow-up to 36 months postoperatively, this tendency became more prominent. Additionally, our preliminary clinical data suggest a narrower sensitive window period for good CI outcomes for implantees with OTOF mutation rather than the GJB2 and other genes. Conclusions: Current molecular genetic testing including deafness panel sequencing helps to predict the 2-year follow-up outcomes after CI in prelingually deafened children. GD cochlear implantees show better functional outcomes after CI than undiagnosed cochlear implantees as determined by deafness panel sequencing, suggesting a genotype-functional outcome correlation. The genetic testing may provide a customized optimal window period in terms of CI timing for favorable outcome according to genetic etiology. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Outcome of Cochlear Implantation in Prelingually Deafened Children According to Molecular Genetic Etiology.

Objectives: About 60% of Korean pediatric cochlear implantees could be genetically diagnosed (GD) and we previously reported that a substantial portion of undiagnosed cases by deafness gene panel sequencing were predicted to have a nongenetic or complex etiology. We aimed to compare the outcomes of cochlear implantation (CI) in GD and genetically undiagnosed (GUD) patients and attempted to determine CI outcomes according to etiology. Design: Ninety-three pediatric cochlear implantees underwent molecular genetic testing. Fifty-seven patients carried pathogenic variants and 36 patients remained GUD after panel sequencing of 204 known or potential deafness genes (TRS-204). Among them, 55 cochlear implantees with reliable speech evaluation results with a follow-up of longer than 24 months were recruited. Longitudinal changes in the audiologic performance were compared between the GD (n = 31) and GUD (n = 24) groups. The GD group was subdivided into cochlear implantee with SLC26A4 mutations (group 1) and cochlear implantee with other genetic etiology (group 2), and the GUD group was subdivided into groups 3 and 4, that is, patients with or without inner ear anomaly, respectively. Results: Group 1 related to SLC26A4 mutations had the highest categories of auditory perception scores among all groups pre- and postoperatively. Group 4 with inner ear anomaly had the lowest categories of auditory perception scores. At 24 months post-CI, the group 2 with another genetic etiology had significantly better outcomes than molecularly undiagnosed group 3, which had with the same condition as group 2 except that the candidate gene was not detected. This finding was recapitulated when we limited cases to those that underwent CI before 24 months of age to minimize age-related bias at implantation. Furthermore, on extending the follow-up to 36 months postoperatively, this tendency became more prominent. Additionally, our preliminary clinical data suggest a narrower sensitive window period for good CI outcomes for implantees with OTOF mutation rather than the GJB2 and other genes. Conclusions: Current molecular genetic testing including deafness panel sequencing helps to predict the 2-year follow-up outcomes after CI in prelingually deafened children. GD cochlear implantees show better functional outcomes after CI than undiagnosed cochlear implantees as determined by deafness panel sequencing, suggesting a genotype-functional outcome correlation. The genetic testing may provide a customized optimal window period in terms of CI timing for favorable outcome according to genetic etiology. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Interactive Book Reading to Accelerate Word Learning by Kindergarten Children With Specific Language Impairment: Identifying Adequate Progress and Successful Learning Patterns

Purpose

The goal of this study was to provide guidance to clinicians on early benchmarks of successful word learning in an interactive book reading treatment and to examine how encoding and memory evolution during treatment contribute to word learning outcomes by kindergarten children with specific language impairment (SLI).

Method

Twenty-seven kindergarten children with SLI participated in a preliminary clinical trial using interactive book reading to teach 30 new words. Word learning was assessed at 4 points during treatment through a picture naming test.

Results

The results indicate that the following performance during treatment was cause for concern, indicating a need to modify the treatment: naming 0–1 treated words correctly at Naming Test 1; naming 0–2 treated words correctly at Naming Test 2; naming 0–3 treated words correctly at Naming Test 3. In addition, the results showed that encoding was the primary limiting factor in word learning, but rmemory evolution also contributed (albeit to a lesser degree) to word learning success.

Conclusion

Case illustrations demonstrate how a clinician's understanding of a child's word learning strengths and weaknesses develop over the course of treatment, substantiating the importance of regular data collection and clinical decision-making to ensure the best possible outcomes for each individual child.

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Interactive Book Reading to Accelerate Word Learning by Kindergarten Children With Specific Language Impairment: Identifying Adequate Progress and Successful Learning Patterns

Purpose

The goal of this study was to provide guidance to clinicians on early benchmarks of successful word learning in an interactive book reading treatment and to examine how encoding and memory evolution during treatment contribute to word learning outcomes by kindergarten children with specific language impairment (SLI).

Method

Twenty-seven kindergarten children with SLI participated in a preliminary clinical trial using interactive book reading to teach 30 new words. Word learning was assessed at 4 points during treatment through a picture naming test.

Results

The results indicate that the following performance during treatment was cause for concern, indicating a need to modify the treatment: naming 0–1 treated words correctly at Naming Test 1; naming 0–2 treated words correctly at Naming Test 2; naming 0–3 treated words correctly at Naming Test 3. In addition, the results showed that encoding was the primary limiting factor in word learning, but rmemory evolution also contributed (albeit to a lesser degree) to word learning success.

Conclusion

Case illustrations demonstrate how a clinician's understanding of a child's word learning strengths and weaknesses develop over the course of treatment, substantiating the importance of regular data collection and clinical decision-making to ensure the best possible outcomes for each individual child.

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Interactive Book Reading to Accelerate Word Learning by Kindergarten Children With Specific Language Impairment: Identifying Adequate Progress and Successful Learning Patterns

Purpose

The goal of this study was to provide guidance to clinicians on early benchmarks of successful word learning in an interactive book reading treatment and to examine how encoding and memory evolution during treatment contribute to word learning outcomes by kindergarten children with specific language impairment (SLI).

Method

Twenty-seven kindergarten children with SLI participated in a preliminary clinical trial using interactive book reading to teach 30 new words. Word learning was assessed at 4 points during treatment through a picture naming test.

Results

The results indicate that the following performance during treatment was cause for concern, indicating a need to modify the treatment: naming 0–1 treated words correctly at Naming Test 1; naming 0–2 treated words correctly at Naming Test 2; naming 0–3 treated words correctly at Naming Test 3. In addition, the results showed that encoding was the primary limiting factor in word learning, but rmemory evolution also contributed (albeit to a lesser degree) to word learning success.

Conclusion

Case illustrations demonstrate how a clinician's understanding of a child's word learning strengths and weaknesses develop over the course of treatment, substantiating the importance of regular data collection and clinical decision-making to ensure the best possible outcomes for each individual child.

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Sloping ABR baselines and the ECG myogenic artefact

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Influence of two-electrode montages on the level-specific (LS) CE-Chirp auditory brainstem response (ABR) at multiple intensity levels

.


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Electric field-navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation for chronic tinnitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled study

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Sloping ABR baselines and the ECG myogenic artefact

.


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Influence of two-electrode montages on the level-specific (LS) CE-Chirp auditory brainstem response (ABR) at multiple intensity levels

.


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Electric field-navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation for chronic tinnitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled study

.


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Implementation and evaluation of a Danish test battery for auditory processing disorder in children.

Implementation and evaluation of a Danish test battery for auditory processing disorder in children.

Int J Audiol. 2017 Apr 15;:1-12

Authors: Pedersen ER, Dahl-Hansen B, Christensen-Dalsgaard J, Brandt C

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study presents a Danish test battery for auditory processing disorder (APD). The tests were evaluated as to normative cut-off values (pass-fail criteria) and their test-retest reliability.
DESIGN: The battery consists of four behavioural tests: the filtered words (FW) test, the dichotic digits (DD) test, the gap detection (GD) test and the binaural masking level difference (BMLD) test. The tests were evaluated through listening experiments on children with no known history of auditory problems.
STUDY SAMPLE: The normative cut-off values were obtained from 158 children (75 boys and 83 girls, aged 6-16 years), whereas the test-retest reliability was obtained from 20 children (10 boys and 10 girls, aged 6-11 years).
RESULTS: For each of the four tests one to four different cut-off values were determined depending on whether the scores from the two ears and the different age groups could be pooled. For each of the four tests the test-retest reliability was found to be satisfactory. The test-retest reliability was highest for the FW and the DD test.
CONCLUSIONS: A Danish APD test battery is now available for clinical use with normative data.

PMID: 28413888 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Implementation and evaluation of a Danish test battery for auditory processing disorder in children.

Implementation and evaluation of a Danish test battery for auditory processing disorder in children.

Int J Audiol. 2017 Apr 15;:1-12

Authors: Pedersen ER, Dahl-Hansen B, Christensen-Dalsgaard J, Brandt C

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study presents a Danish test battery for auditory processing disorder (APD). The tests were evaluated as to normative cut-off values (pass-fail criteria) and their test-retest reliability.
DESIGN: The battery consists of four behavioural tests: the filtered words (FW) test, the dichotic digits (DD) test, the gap detection (GD) test and the binaural masking level difference (BMLD) test. The tests were evaluated through listening experiments on children with no known history of auditory problems.
STUDY SAMPLE: The normative cut-off values were obtained from 158 children (75 boys and 83 girls, aged 6-16 years), whereas the test-retest reliability was obtained from 20 children (10 boys and 10 girls, aged 6-11 years).
RESULTS: For each of the four tests one to four different cut-off values were determined depending on whether the scores from the two ears and the different age groups could be pooled. For each of the four tests the test-retest reliability was found to be satisfactory. The test-retest reliability was highest for the FW and the DD test.
CONCLUSIONS: A Danish APD test battery is now available for clinical use with normative data.

PMID: 28413888 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Sloping ABR baselines and the ECG myogenic artefact

.


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Influence of two-electrode montages on the level-specific (LS) CE-Chirp auditory brainstem response (ABR) at multiple intensity levels

.


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Electric field-navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation for chronic tinnitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled study

.


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Sloping ABR baselines and the ECG myogenic artefact

.


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Influence of two-electrode montages on the level-specific (LS) CE-Chirp auditory brainstem response (ABR) at multiple intensity levels

.


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Electric field-navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation for chronic tinnitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled study

.


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via IFTTT

Sloping ABR baselines and the ECG myogenic artefact

.


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Influence of two-electrode montages on the level-specific (LS) CE-Chirp auditory brainstem response (ABR) at multiple intensity levels

.


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Electric field-navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation for chronic tinnitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled study

.


from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2oHXamZ
via IFTTT

Implementation and evaluation of a Danish test battery for auditory processing disorder in children.

Implementation and evaluation of a Danish test battery for auditory processing disorder in children.

Int J Audiol. 2017 Apr 15;:1-12

Authors: Pedersen ER, Dahl-Hansen B, Christensen-Dalsgaard J, Brandt C

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study presents a Danish test battery for auditory processing disorder (APD). The tests were evaluated as to normative cut-off values (pass-fail criteria) and their test-retest reliability.
DESIGN: The battery consists of four behavioural tests: the filtered words (FW) test, the dichotic digits (DD) test, the gap detection (GD) test and the binaural masking level difference (BMLD) test. The tests were evaluated through listening experiments on children with no known history of auditory problems.
STUDY SAMPLE: The normative cut-off values were obtained from 158 children (75 boys and 83 girls, aged 6-16 years), whereas the test-retest reliability was obtained from 20 children (10 boys and 10 girls, aged 6-11 years).
RESULTS: For each of the four tests one to four different cut-off values were determined depending on whether the scores from the two ears and the different age groups could be pooled. For each of the four tests the test-retest reliability was found to be satisfactory. The test-retest reliability was highest for the FW and the DD test.
CONCLUSIONS: A Danish APD test battery is now available for clinical use with normative data.

PMID: 28413888 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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via IFTTT

Implementation and evaluation of a Danish test battery for auditory processing disorder in children.

Implementation and evaluation of a Danish test battery for auditory processing disorder in children.

Int J Audiol. 2017 Apr 15;:1-12

Authors: Pedersen ER, Dahl-Hansen B, Christensen-Dalsgaard J, Brandt C

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study presents a Danish test battery for auditory processing disorder (APD). The tests were evaluated as to normative cut-off values (pass-fail criteria) and their test-retest reliability.
DESIGN: The battery consists of four behavioural tests: the filtered words (FW) test, the dichotic digits (DD) test, the gap detection (GD) test and the binaural masking level difference (BMLD) test. The tests were evaluated through listening experiments on children with no known history of auditory problems.
STUDY SAMPLE: The normative cut-off values were obtained from 158 children (75 boys and 83 girls, aged 6-16 years), whereas the test-retest reliability was obtained from 20 children (10 boys and 10 girls, aged 6-11 years).
RESULTS: For each of the four tests one to four different cut-off values were determined depending on whether the scores from the two ears and the different age groups could be pooled. For each of the four tests the test-retest reliability was found to be satisfactory. The test-retest reliability was highest for the FW and the DD test.
CONCLUSIONS: A Danish APD test battery is now available for clinical use with normative data.

PMID: 28413888 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Differences in velocity-information Processing between two areas in the auditory cortex of mustached bats

Publication date: Available online 17 April 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Haibing Teng, Nobuo Suga
The bio-sonar pulse of the mustached bat, Pteronotus parnellii parnellii, consists of four harmonics of constant frequency (CF1-4) and frequency-modulated (FM1-4) components. The CF and FM components carry velocity and distance information, respectively. In the auditory cortex of mustached bats, the CC (“C” stands for constant frequency) and DIF (dorsal intrafossa) areas consist of CF/CF neurons tuned to a combination of pulse CF1 and echo CFn (n=2 or 3). They show facilitative responses to pulse-echo stimuli with specific frequency differences, corresponding to Doppler shifts. Their facilitative responses are sharply tuned to a specific relative target velocity (best velocity). Compared with CC neurons, DIF neurons are tuned to higher velocities and to larger CF1 amplitudes, and adapt faster to repetitive pulse-echo stimuli. The great majority of CC neurons are suited for the processing of velocity information during cruising and target-directed flight, whereas the majority of DIF neurons are suited for the processing of velocity information when the bat is emitting loud pulses at low repetition rates during cruising flight. CC and DIF neurons are broadly tuned to 0-2-ms echo delays and not suited for ranging.



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Differences in velocity-information Processing between two areas in the auditory cortex of mustached bats

Publication date: Available online 17 April 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Haibing Teng, Nobuo Suga
The bio-sonar pulse of the mustached bat, Pteronotus parnellii parnellii, consists of four harmonics of constant frequency (CF1-4) and frequency-modulated (FM1-4) components. The CF and FM components carry velocity and distance information, respectively. In the auditory cortex of mustached bats, the CC (“C” stands for constant frequency) and DIF (dorsal intrafossa) areas consist of CF/CF neurons tuned to a combination of pulse CF1 and echo CFn (n=2 or 3). They show facilitative responses to pulse-echo stimuli with specific frequency differences, corresponding to Doppler shifts. Their facilitative responses are sharply tuned to a specific relative target velocity (best velocity). Compared with CC neurons, DIF neurons are tuned to higher velocities and to larger CF1 amplitudes, and adapt faster to repetitive pulse-echo stimuli. The great majority of CC neurons are suited for the processing of velocity information during cruising and target-directed flight, whereas the majority of DIF neurons are suited for the processing of velocity information when the bat is emitting loud pulses at low repetition rates during cruising flight. CC and DIF neurons are broadly tuned to 0-2-ms echo delays and not suited for ranging.



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Differences in velocity-information Processing between two areas in the auditory cortex of mustached bats

Publication date: Available online 17 April 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Haibing Teng, Nobuo Suga
The bio-sonar pulse of the mustached bat, Pteronotus parnellii parnellii, consists of four harmonics of constant frequency (CF1-4) and frequency-modulated (FM1-4) components. The CF and FM components carry velocity and distance information, respectively. In the auditory cortex of mustached bats, the CC (“C” stands for constant frequency) and DIF (dorsal intrafossa) areas consist of CF/CF neurons tuned to a combination of pulse CF1 and echo CFn (n=2 or 3). They show facilitative responses to pulse-echo stimuli with specific frequency differences, corresponding to Doppler shifts. Their facilitative responses are sharply tuned to a specific relative target velocity (best velocity). Compared with CC neurons, DIF neurons are tuned to higher velocities and to larger CF1 amplitudes, and adapt faster to repetitive pulse-echo stimuli. The great majority of CC neurons are suited for the processing of velocity information during cruising and target-directed flight, whereas the majority of DIF neurons are suited for the processing of velocity information when the bat is emitting loud pulses at low repetition rates during cruising flight. CC and DIF neurons are broadly tuned to 0-2-ms echo delays and not suited for ranging.



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Differences in velocity-information Processing between two areas in the auditory cortex of mustached bats

Publication date: Available online 17 April 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Haibing Teng, Nobuo Suga
The bio-sonar pulse of the mustached bat, Pteronotus parnellii parnellii, consists of four harmonics of constant frequency (CF1-4) and frequency-modulated (FM1-4) components. The CF and FM components carry velocity and distance information, respectively. In the auditory cortex of mustached bats, the CC (“C” stands for constant frequency) and DIF (dorsal intrafossa) areas consist of CF/CF neurons tuned to a combination of pulse CF1 and echo CFn (n=2 or 3). They show facilitative responses to pulse-echo stimuli with specific frequency differences, corresponding to Doppler shifts. Their facilitative responses are sharply tuned to a specific relative target velocity (best velocity). Compared with CC neurons, DIF neurons are tuned to higher velocities and to larger CF1 amplitudes, and adapt faster to repetitive pulse-echo stimuli. The great majority of CC neurons are suited for the processing of velocity information during cruising and target-directed flight, whereas the majority of DIF neurons are suited for the processing of velocity information when the bat is emitting loud pulses at low repetition rates during cruising flight. CC and DIF neurons are broadly tuned to 0-2-ms echo delays and not suited for ranging.



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Differences in velocity-information Processing between two areas in the auditory cortex of mustached bats

Publication date: Available online 17 April 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Haibing Teng, Nobuo Suga
The bio-sonar pulse of the mustached bat, Pteronotus parnellii parnellii, consists of four harmonics of constant frequency (CF1-4) and frequency-modulated (FM1-4) components. The CF and FM components carry velocity and distance information, respectively. In the auditory cortex of mustached bats, the CC (“C” stands for constant frequency) and DIF (dorsal intrafossa) areas consist of CF/CF neurons tuned to a combination of pulse CF1 and echo CFn (n=2 or 3). They show facilitative responses to pulse-echo stimuli with specific frequency differences, corresponding to Doppler shifts. Their facilitative responses are sharply tuned to a specific relative target velocity (best velocity). Compared with CC neurons, DIF neurons are tuned to higher velocities and to larger CF1 amplitudes, and adapt faster to repetitive pulse-echo stimuli. The great majority of CC neurons are suited for the processing of velocity information during cruising and target-directed flight, whereas the majority of DIF neurons are suited for the processing of velocity information when the bat is emitting loud pulses at low repetition rates during cruising flight. CC and DIF neurons are broadly tuned to 0-2-ms echo delays and not suited for ranging.



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Systematic Review on the Trial Period for Bone Conduction Devices in Single-Sided Deafness: Rates and Reasons for Rejection.

Objective: To systematically review the literature to evaluate the trial period of bone conduction devices (BCDs) for adult patients with single-sided deafness (SSD). Data Sources: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from their inception up to August 15, 2016 for SSD, BCD, and their synonyms. Study Selection: In total, 523 articles were retrieved, of which 12 satisfied the eligibility quality criteria. Our outcomes of interest were: 1) the BCD implantation rejection percentage, 2) reasons to reject BCD implantation, and 3) possible prognostic factors predicting the trial outcome. Data Extraction and Synthesis: At critical appraisal, six studies (n = 471 patients) scored a moderate to high directness of evidence and a medium or low risk of bias and were selected for data extraction. Due to heterogeneity between studies, pooling of data for meta-analysis was not feasible. Therefore, results of studies were summarized per outcome: 1) after the BCD trial, 32.0 to 69.6% of SSD patients rejected BCD implantation, 2) the three main reasons for rejection were experiencing limited benefit from the device, patients fearing or being unfit for surgery and cosmetic aspects, 3) no clear prognostic factors predicting the trial outcome could be identified. Conclusion: Roughly half of patients rejected BCD implantation after a trial period. From the current literature it is unclear which patients could benefit most from BCD implantation. High level of evidence studies should be conducted to investigate possible prognostic factors that predict the BCD trial outcome. Copyright (C) 2017 by Otology & Neurotology, Inc. Image copyright (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health/Anatomical Chart Company

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Ipsilesional Nystagmus Induced by Vibration in Subjects With Meniere's Disease or Vestibular Schwannoma.

Objective: To analyze the frequency in which vibration-induced nystagmus (VIN) with ipsilesional direction appears in subjects with Meniere's disease (MD) or vestibular schwannoma (VS). Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Patients: Fifty-two subjects with MD and 21 subjects with vestibular schwannoma. Intervention: Videonystagmographic recordings of VIN at 30, 60, and 100 Hz. Main Outcome Measures: Direction and slow phase velocity of VIN at 30, 60, and 100 Hz. Results: Ipsilesional Nystagmus was observed in 8 of 52 subjects with MD (15.4%) and in 11 of 21 subjects affected of unilateral VS (52.4%). Ipsilesional nystagmus was significantly higher in patients with VS (p = 0.003). The frequency of appearance of ipsilesional nystagmus in the subjects with VS who has not been treated was significantly higher than those who underwent radiosurgery (84.6% vs 0%, p = 0.046). Conclusion: Ipsilesional vibration-induced Nystagmus can be present in subjects with vestibular deficits caused by MD and VS. Copyright (C) 2017 by Otology & Neurotology, Inc. Image copyright (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health/Anatomical Chart Company

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Imaging Criteria to Predict Surgical Difficulties During Stapes Surgery.

Background and Purpose: Stapes surgery for otosclerosis can be challenging if access to the oval window niche is restricted. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of the computed tomographic (CT) scan in the evaluation of anatomical distances, and to analyze its reliability in predicting surgical technical difficulties. Material and Methods: A total of 96 patients (101 ears) were enrolled in a prospective study between 2012 and May 2015. During surgery, we evaluated the distance D1 between the stapes and the facial nerve, distance D2 between the promontory and the facial nerve after ablation of the superstructure, and the intraoperative discomfort of the surgeon. On preoperative CT scans, we measured the width and depth of the oval window niche, and the angle formed by two axes starting from the center-point of the footplate, the first tangential to the superior wall of the promontory, and the second tangential to the inferior wall of the fallopian canal. Results: Intraoperative distances D1 and D2 were correlated with the width of the oval window and with the facial-promontory angle measured on imaging. CT scan measurements of the facial-promontory angle and width of the oval window were associated with the degree of discomfort of the surgeon. The cut-off threshold for intraoperative subjective discomfort was computed as 1.1 mm for the width of the oval window niche, with a sensibility of 71% and a specificity of 84%. Conclusion: Preoperative imaging analysis of the oval window width and the facialpromontory angle can predict operative difficulty in otosclerosis surgery. Copyright (C) 2017 by Otology & Neurotology, Inc. Image copyright (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health/Anatomical Chart Company

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Decrease in Pneumococcal Otitis Media Cultures With Concomitant Increased Antibiotic Susceptibility in the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Era.

Objective: To study the change in the incidence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) in cultures obtained from children with otitis media (OM) during the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) era. Study Design: Retrospective. Setting: Secondary medical care center. Patients: Children less than 8 years who presented with OM and had positive pneumococcal cultures during January 1, 2007 to December 12, 2014 were identified. Data recorded included demographics, preadmission antibiotics, culture source, and antibiotic susceptibility tests. We compared the pre-PCV years (2007-2008) with the transition years (2009-2011) and the post-PCV13 years (2012-2014). Interventions: PCV7 (2009), PCV13 (2010), therapeutic. Main Outcome Measure(s): Annual rate of Spn cultures, antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Results: We identified 134 children (76 boys, 57%) who contributed 162 pneumococcal cultures. There was a downward trend in the annual incidence rate of Spn cultures between the pre-PCV years, transition years, and post-PCV13 years: 11.12, 8.48, and 4.11/1000 hospitalized children/year, respectively (p = 0.08, p = 0.04). Had there been no interventions, and based on the 2007 to 2009 average, the observed over the expected Spn cultures ratio rates for 2010 to 2014 were 0.59, 0.45, 0.40, 0.40, and 0.25, respectively. In parallel, the susceptibility of Spn strains to four commonly tested antibiotics significantly increased from the pre-PCV years to the transition years and the post-PCV13 years. In each period, Spn strains were penicillin sensitive in 37, 51, and 100%; for erythromycin, 46, 71, and 82%; for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 32, 71, and 97%; and for ceftriaxone, 95, 96, and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: The introduction of PCVs significantly decreased the incidence rate of pneumococcal OM, and increased Spn susceptibility to common antibiotics. Copyright (C) 2017 by Otology & Neurotology, Inc. Image copyright (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health/Anatomical Chart Company

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Neuronal Fibers and Neurotransmitter Receptor Expression in the Human Endolymphatic Sac.

Introduction: Recent studies suggest that the human endolymphatic sac (ES) may have multiple functions, including an ion-transport capacity comparable to the kidney, an immunological capacity and a possible natriuretic capacity. Further, there have been speculations of a yet undefined role in intracranial pressure homeostasis. The anatomical location towards the sigmoid sinus would suggest a possible endo- and/or paracrine signaling. However, neuronal connections may also apply, but it remains very scarcely explored in the human ES. Study Design: DNA micro-arrays and immunohistochemistry were used for analyses of fresh human ES tissue samples. Methods: A total of 30 tissue samples from the human ES were obtained during translabyrinthine surgery for vestibular schwannoma. Microarray technology was used to investigate tissue sample gene expression, using adjacent dura mater as control. The expression of genes specific for neuronal signaling was determined and results for selected key molecules verified by immunohistochemistry. Transmission electron microscopy was used for ultrastructural analysis. Results: For the transmission electron microscopy analysis, a direct innervation of the ES was observed with unmyelinated fibers imbedded in the ES epithelial lining. The microarrays confirmed, that several molecules involved in neuronal signaling were found expressed significantly in the ES DNA profile, such as the Cholecystokinin peptide and related receptors, Dopamine receptors 2 and 5, vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), plasma monoamine transporter (PMAT), and Serotonin 1D. All peptides were verified by immunohistochemistry. Conclusions: Based on global gene expression profiling and immuno-histochemical labeling, we conclude that the human ES expresses neuropeptide receptors and monoamine transporters. Combined with the ultrastructural demonstration of unmyelinated axons imbedded within the epithelial lining, the findings suggest that neuro-signaling mechanisms are involved in functions exerted by the ES. Copyright (C) 2017 by Otology & Neurotology, Inc. Image copyright (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health/Anatomical Chart Company

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