Σάββατο 9 Απριλίου 2016

Diagnosis of amblyaudia in children referred for auditory processing assessment

10.3109/14992027.2015.1128003<br/>Deborah Moncrieff

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Comparing auditory steady-state responses amplitude evoked by simultaneous air- and bone-conducted stimulation in newborns

10.3109/14992027.2016.1159341<br/>Alejandro Torres-Fortuny

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Speech recognition outcomes following bilateral cochlear implantation in adults aged over 50 years old

10.3109/14992027.2016.1152403<br/>Isabelle Boisvert

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Music appreciation and music listening in prelingual and postlingually deaf adult cochlear implant recipients

10.3109/14992027.2016.1157630<br/>Michelle Moran

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Diagnosis of amblyaudia in children referred for auditory processing assessment

10.3109/14992027.2015.1128003<br/>Deborah Moncrieff

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Comparing auditory steady-state responses amplitude evoked by simultaneous air- and bone-conducted stimulation in newborns

10.3109/14992027.2016.1159341<br/>Alejandro Torres-Fortuny

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Speech recognition outcomes following bilateral cochlear implantation in adults aged over 50 years old

10.3109/14992027.2016.1152403<br/>Isabelle Boisvert

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Music appreciation and music listening in prelingual and postlingually deaf adult cochlear implant recipients

10.3109/14992027.2016.1157630<br/>Michelle Moran

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Categorization of common sounds by cochlear implanted and normal hearing adults

Publication date: Available online 2 April 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): E. Collett, M. Marx, P. Gaillard, B. Roby, B. Fraysse, O. Deguine, P. Barone
Auditory categorization involves grouping of acoustic events along one or more shared perceptual dimensions which can relate to both semantic and physical attributes. This process involves both high level cognitive processes (categorization) and low-level perceptual encoding of the acoustic signal, both of which are affected by the use of a cochlear implant (CI) device. The goal of this study was twofold: I) compare the categorization strategies of CI users and normal hearing listeners (NHL) II) investigate if any characteristics of the raw acoustic signal could explain the results. 16 experienced CI users and 20 NHL were tested using a Free-Sorting Task of 16 common sounds divided into 3 predefined categories of environmental, musical and vocal sounds. Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and Hierarchical Clustering based on Principal Components (HCPC) show that CI users followed a similar categorization strategy to that of NHL and were able to discriminate between the three different types of sounds. However results for CI users were more varied and showed less inter-participant agreement. Acoustic analysis also highlighted the average pitch salience and average autocorrelation peak as being important for the perception and categorization of the sounds. The results therefore show that on a broad level of categorization CI users may not have as many difficulties as previously thought in discriminating certain kinds of sound; however the perception of individual sounds remains challenging.



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Fully implantable hearing aid in the incudostapedial joint gap

Publication date: Available online 31 March 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Martin Koch, Till Moritz Eßinger, Thomas Stoppe, Nikoloz Lasurashvili, Matthias Bornitz, Thomas Zahnert
A fully implantable hearing aid is introduced which is a combined sensor-actuator-transducer designed for insertion into the incudostapedial joint gap (ISJ). The active elements each consist of a thin titanium membrane with an applied piezoelectric single crystal. The effectiveness of the operating principle is verified in a temporal bone study. We also take a closer look at the influence of an implantation-induced increase in middle ear stiffness on the transducer's output.An assembly of the transducer with 1 mm thickness is built and inserted into six temporal bones. At this thickness, the stiffness of the annular ligament is considerably increased, which leads to a loss in functional gain for the transducer. It is assumed that a thinner transducer would reduce this effect. In order to examine the performance for a prospective reduced pretension, we increased the gap size at the ISJ by 0.5 mm by removing the capitulum of the stapes in four temporal bones. The TM is stimulated with a broadband multisine sound signal in the audiological frequency range. The movement of the stapes footplate is measured with a laser Doppler vibrometer. The sensor signal is digitally processed and the amplified signal drives the actuator. The resulting feedback is minimized by an active noise control least mean square (LMS) algorithm which is implemented on a field programmable gate array. The dynamic range and the functional gain of the transducer in the temporal bones are determined.The results are compared to measurements from temporal bones without ISJ extension and to the results of Finite Elements Model (FE model) simulations.In the frequency range above 2 kHz a functional gain of 30 dB and more is achieved. This proposes the transducer as a potential treatment for high frequency hearing loss, e.g. for patients with noise-induced hearing loss. The transducer offers sufficient results for a comprehensive application. Adaptations in the transducer design or surgical approach are necessary to cope with ligament stiffening issues. These cause insufficient performance for low frequencies under 1 kHz.

Graphical abstract

image


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Response to Letter : Psychometric properties of the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI): Assessment in a UK research volunteer population

Publication date: Available online 30 March 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Kathryn Fackrell, Deborah A. Hall, Johanna G. Barry, Derek J. Hoare




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Intraoperative assessment of Ossicular Fixation

Publication date: Available online 28 March 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): John Peacock, Joris Dirckx, Magnus von Unge
Determining the degree of ossicular fixation is a difficult task, with the final assessment often being made with manual palpation during exploratory tympanotomy. A more objective method to evaluate ossicular fixation would be valuable.In this paper we describe a new method which makes use of a magnet and coil to measure ossicular motion through the ear canal with an elevated tympanic membrane. We report measurements of the vibration response at the umbo, the tip of the incus long process and the lateral posterior crus of the stapes before and after artificially fixing the stapes footplate and anterior mallear ligament with luting cement. Results were obtained on temporal bones, but the practicality of the method allows easy clinical implementation. Velocity ratios between different measurement points along the ossicular chain may provide a quantitative indication of the degree of stapes fixation. Isolated anterior mallear ligament fixation was not distinguishable from the unfixed condition.



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Categorization of common sounds by cochlear implanted and normal hearing adults

Publication date: Available online 2 April 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): E. Collett, M. Marx, P. Gaillard, B. Roby, B. Fraysse, O. Deguine, P. Barone
Auditory categorization involves grouping of acoustic events along one or more shared perceptual dimensions which can relate to both semantic and physical attributes. This process involves both high level cognitive processes (categorization) and low-level perceptual encoding of the acoustic signal, both of which are affected by the use of a cochlear implant (CI) device. The goal of this study was twofold: I) compare the categorization strategies of CI users and normal hearing listeners (NHL) II) investigate if any characteristics of the raw acoustic signal could explain the results. 16 experienced CI users and 20 NHL were tested using a Free-Sorting Task of 16 common sounds divided into 3 predefined categories of environmental, musical and vocal sounds. Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and Hierarchical Clustering based on Principal Components (HCPC) show that CI users followed a similar categorization strategy to that of NHL and were able to discriminate between the three different types of sounds. However results for CI users were more varied and showed less inter-participant agreement. Acoustic analysis also highlighted the average pitch salience and average autocorrelation peak as being important for the perception and categorization of the sounds. The results therefore show that on a broad level of categorization CI users may not have as many difficulties as previously thought in discriminating certain kinds of sound; however the perception of individual sounds remains challenging.



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Fully implantable hearing aid in the incudostapedial joint gap

Publication date: Available online 31 March 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Martin Koch, Till Moritz Eßinger, Thomas Stoppe, Nikoloz Lasurashvili, Matthias Bornitz, Thomas Zahnert
A fully implantable hearing aid is introduced which is a combined sensor-actuator-transducer designed for insertion into the incudostapedial joint gap (ISJ). The active elements each consist of a thin titanium membrane with an applied piezoelectric single crystal. The effectiveness of the operating principle is verified in a temporal bone study. We also take a closer look at the influence of an implantation-induced increase in middle ear stiffness on the transducer's output.An assembly of the transducer with 1 mm thickness is built and inserted into six temporal bones. At this thickness, the stiffness of the annular ligament is considerably increased, which leads to a loss in functional gain for the transducer. It is assumed that a thinner transducer would reduce this effect. In order to examine the performance for a prospective reduced pretension, we increased the gap size at the ISJ by 0.5 mm by removing the capitulum of the stapes in four temporal bones. The TM is stimulated with a broadband multisine sound signal in the audiological frequency range. The movement of the stapes footplate is measured with a laser Doppler vibrometer. The sensor signal is digitally processed and the amplified signal drives the actuator. The resulting feedback is minimized by an active noise control least mean square (LMS) algorithm which is implemented on a field programmable gate array. The dynamic range and the functional gain of the transducer in the temporal bones are determined.The results are compared to measurements from temporal bones without ISJ extension and to the results of Finite Elements Model (FE model) simulations.In the frequency range above 2 kHz a functional gain of 30 dB and more is achieved. This proposes the transducer as a potential treatment for high frequency hearing loss, e.g. for patients with noise-induced hearing loss. The transducer offers sufficient results for a comprehensive application. Adaptations in the transducer design or surgical approach are necessary to cope with ligament stiffening issues. These cause insufficient performance for low frequencies under 1 kHz.

Graphical abstract

image


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Response to Letter : Psychometric properties of the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI): Assessment in a UK research volunteer population

Publication date: Available online 30 March 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Kathryn Fackrell, Deborah A. Hall, Johanna G. Barry, Derek J. Hoare




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Intraoperative assessment of Ossicular Fixation

Publication date: Available online 28 March 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): John Peacock, Joris Dirckx, Magnus von Unge
Determining the degree of ossicular fixation is a difficult task, with the final assessment often being made with manual palpation during exploratory tympanotomy. A more objective method to evaluate ossicular fixation would be valuable.In this paper we describe a new method which makes use of a magnet and coil to measure ossicular motion through the ear canal with an elevated tympanic membrane. We report measurements of the vibration response at the umbo, the tip of the incus long process and the lateral posterior crus of the stapes before and after artificially fixing the stapes footplate and anterior mallear ligament with luting cement. Results were obtained on temporal bones, but the practicality of the method allows easy clinical implementation. Velocity ratios between different measurement points along the ossicular chain may provide a quantitative indication of the degree of stapes fixation. Isolated anterior mallear ligament fixation was not distinguishable from the unfixed condition.



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Mutations and altered expression of SERPINF1 in patients with familial otosclerosis.

Mutations and altered expression of SERPINF1 in patients with familial otosclerosis.

Hum Mol Genet. 2016 Apr 7;

Authors: Ziff JL, Crompton M, Powell HR, Lavy JA, Aldren CP, Steel KP, Saeed SR, Dawson SJ

Abstract
Otosclerosis is a relatively common heterogenous condition, characterised by abnormal bone remodelling in the otic capsule leading to fixation of the stapedial footplate and an associated conductive hearing loss. Although familial linkage and candidate gene association studies have been performed in recent years, little progress has been made in identifying disease-causing genes. Here, we used whole-exome sequencing in four families exhibiting dominantly-inherited otosclerosis to identify 23 candidate variants (reduced to 9 after segregation analysis) for further investigation in a secondary cohort of 84 familial cases. Multiple mutations were found in theSERPINF1(Serpin Peptidase Inhibitor, Clade F) gene which encodes PEDF (pigment epithelium derived factor), a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis and known regulator of bone density.Six rare heterozygousSERPINF1variants were found in 7 patients in our familial otosclerosis cohort; 3 are missense mutations predicted to be deleterious to protein function. The other 3 variants are all located in the 5'UTR of an alternative spliced transcriptSERPINF1-012 RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that this is the majorSERPINF1transcript in human stapes bone. Analysis of stapes from 2 patients with the 5'UTR mutations showed that they had reduced expression ofSERPINF1-012 All three 5'UTR mutations are predicted to occur within transcription factor binding sites and reporter gene assays confirmed that they affect gene expression levels. Furthermore, RT-qPCR analysis of stapes bone cDNA showed thatSERPINF1-012expression is reduced in otosclerosis patients with and withoutSERPINF1mutations suggesting it may be a common pathogenic pathway in the disease.

PMID: 27056980 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Diagnosis of amblyaudia in children referred for auditory processing assessment.

Diagnosis of amblyaudia in children referred for auditory processing assessment.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Apr 8;:1-13

Authors: Moncrieff D, Keith W, Abramson M, Swann A

Abstract
Children (n = 141) referred to 5 clinical sites for auditory processing disorder assessment were tested with two dichotic listening tests, one with word pairs and the other with pairs of digits, as part of a comprehensive diagnostic battery. Scores from the Randomized Dichotic Digits Test and the Dichotic Words Test were compared to age-appropriate norms and used to place children into one of four diagnostic categories (normal, dichotic dysaudia, amblyaudia, or amblyaudia plus) or to identify them as undiagnosed. Results from the two dichotic tests led to diagnosis of 56% of the children tested, leaving 44% undiagnosed. When results from a third dichotic listening test were used as a tie-breaker among originally undiagnosed children, a total of 79% of the children's scores were placed into diagnostic categories (13% normal, 19% dichotic dysaudia, 35% amblyaudia, 12% amblyaudia plus). Amblyaudia, a binaural integration deficit evident only from dichotic listening test results, was most prevalent (35% + 12% = 47%) in this population of children suspected of auditory processing weaknesses. Since amblyaudia responds to treatment with Auditory Rehabilitation for Interaural Asymmetry (ARIA), clinicians are guided through the protocol for identifying diagnostic categories so that they can make appropriate referrals for rehabilitation.

PMID: 27058650 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Diagnosis of amblyaudia in children referred for auditory processing assessment.

Diagnosis of amblyaudia in children referred for auditory processing assessment.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Apr 8;:1-13

Authors: Moncrieff D, Keith W, Abramson M, Swann A

Abstract
Children (n = 141) referred to 5 clinical sites for auditory processing disorder assessment were tested with two dichotic listening tests, one with word pairs and the other with pairs of digits, as part of a comprehensive diagnostic battery. Scores from the Randomized Dichotic Digits Test and the Dichotic Words Test were compared to age-appropriate norms and used to place children into one of four diagnostic categories (normal, dichotic dysaudia, amblyaudia, or amblyaudia plus) or to identify them as undiagnosed. Results from the two dichotic tests led to diagnosis of 56% of the children tested, leaving 44% undiagnosed. When results from a third dichotic listening test were used as a tie-breaker among originally undiagnosed children, a total of 79% of the children's scores were placed into diagnostic categories (13% normal, 19% dichotic dysaudia, 35% amblyaudia, 12% amblyaudia plus). Amblyaudia, a binaural integration deficit evident only from dichotic listening test results, was most prevalent (35% + 12% = 47%) in this population of children suspected of auditory processing weaknesses. Since amblyaudia responds to treatment with Auditory Rehabilitation for Interaural Asymmetry (ARIA), clinicians are guided through the protocol for identifying diagnostic categories so that they can make appropriate referrals for rehabilitation.

PMID: 27058650 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Diagnosis of amblyaudia in children referred for auditory processing assessment.

Diagnosis of amblyaudia in children referred for auditory processing assessment.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Apr 8;:1-13

Authors: Moncrieff D, Keith W, Abramson M, Swann A

Abstract
Children (n = 141) referred to 5 clinical sites for auditory processing disorder assessment were tested with two dichotic listening tests, one with word pairs and the other with pairs of digits, as part of a comprehensive diagnostic battery. Scores from the Randomized Dichotic Digits Test and the Dichotic Words Test were compared to age-appropriate norms and used to place children into one of four diagnostic categories (normal, dichotic dysaudia, amblyaudia, or amblyaudia plus) or to identify them as undiagnosed. Results from the two dichotic tests led to diagnosis of 56% of the children tested, leaving 44% undiagnosed. When results from a third dichotic listening test were used as a tie-breaker among originally undiagnosed children, a total of 79% of the children's scores were placed into diagnostic categories (13% normal, 19% dichotic dysaudia, 35% amblyaudia, 12% amblyaudia plus). Amblyaudia, a binaural integration deficit evident only from dichotic listening test results, was most prevalent (35% + 12% = 47%) in this population of children suspected of auditory processing weaknesses. Since amblyaudia responds to treatment with Auditory Rehabilitation for Interaural Asymmetry (ARIA), clinicians are guided through the protocol for identifying diagnostic categories so that they can make appropriate referrals for rehabilitation.

PMID: 27058650 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Diagnosis of amblyaudia in children referred for auditory processing assessment.

Diagnosis of amblyaudia in children referred for auditory processing assessment.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Apr 8;:1-13

Authors: Moncrieff D, Keith W, Abramson M, Swann A

Abstract
Children (n = 141) referred to 5 clinical sites for auditory processing disorder assessment were tested with two dichotic listening tests, one with word pairs and the other with pairs of digits, as part of a comprehensive diagnostic battery. Scores from the Randomized Dichotic Digits Test and the Dichotic Words Test were compared to age-appropriate norms and used to place children into one of four diagnostic categories (normal, dichotic dysaudia, amblyaudia, or amblyaudia plus) or to identify them as undiagnosed. Results from the two dichotic tests led to diagnosis of 56% of the children tested, leaving 44% undiagnosed. When results from a third dichotic listening test were used as a tie-breaker among originally undiagnosed children, a total of 79% of the children's scores were placed into diagnostic categories (13% normal, 19% dichotic dysaudia, 35% amblyaudia, 12% amblyaudia plus). Amblyaudia, a binaural integration deficit evident only from dichotic listening test results, was most prevalent (35% + 12% = 47%) in this population of children suspected of auditory processing weaknesses. Since amblyaudia responds to treatment with Auditory Rehabilitation for Interaural Asymmetry (ARIA), clinicians are guided through the protocol for identifying diagnostic categories so that they can make appropriate referrals for rehabilitation.

PMID: 27058650 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]



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Diagnosis of amblyaudia in children referred for auditory processing assessment

10.3109/14992027.2015.1128003<br/>Deborah Moncrieff

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Diagnosis of amblyaudia in children referred for auditory processing assessment

10.3109/14992027.2015.1128003<br/>Deborah Moncrieff

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Diagnosis of amblyaudia in children referred for auditory processing assessment

10.3109/14992027.2015.1128003<br/>Deborah Moncrieff

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Informational Masking in Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Listeners Measured in a Nonspeech Pattern Identification Task

Individuals with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) often experience more difficulty with listening in multisource environments than do normal-hearing (NH) listeners. While the peripheral effects of sensorineural hearing loss certainly contribute to this difficulty, differences in central processing of auditory information may also contribute. To explore this issue, it is important to account for peripheral differences between NH and these hearing-impaired (HI) listeners so that central effects in multisource listening can be examined. In the present study, NH and HI listeners performed a tonal pattern identification task at two distant center frequencies (CFs), 850 and 3500 Hz. In an attempt to control for differences in the peripheral representations of the stimuli, the patterns were presented at the same sensation level (15 dB SL), and the frequency deviation of the tones comprising the patterns was adjusted to obtain equal quiet pattern identification performance across all listeners at both CFs. Tonal sequences were then presented at both CFs simultaneously (informational masking conditions), and listeners were asked either to selectively attend to a source (CF) or to divide attention between CFs and identify the pattern at a CF designated after each trial. There were large differences between groups in the frequency deviations necessary to perform the pattern identification task. After compensating for these differences, there were small differences between NH and HI listeners in the informational masking conditions. HI listeners showed slightly greater performance asymmetry between the low and high CFs than did NH listeners, possibly due to central differences in frequency weighting between groups.



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Informational Masking in Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Listeners Measured in a Nonspeech Pattern Identification Task

Individuals with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) often experience more difficulty with listening in multisource environments than do normal-hearing (NH) listeners. While the peripheral effects of sensorineural hearing loss certainly contribute to this difficulty, differences in central processing of auditory information may also contribute. To explore this issue, it is important to account for peripheral differences between NH and these hearing-impaired (HI) listeners so that central effects in multisource listening can be examined. In the present study, NH and HI listeners performed a tonal pattern identification task at two distant center frequencies (CFs), 850 and 3500 Hz. In an attempt to control for differences in the peripheral representations of the stimuli, the patterns were presented at the same sensation level (15 dB SL), and the frequency deviation of the tones comprising the patterns was adjusted to obtain equal quiet pattern identification performance across all listeners at both CFs. Tonal sequences were then presented at both CFs simultaneously (informational masking conditions), and listeners were asked either to selectively attend to a source (CF) or to divide attention between CFs and identify the pattern at a CF designated after each trial. There were large differences between groups in the frequency deviations necessary to perform the pattern identification task. After compensating for these differences, there were small differences between NH and HI listeners in the informational masking conditions. HI listeners showed slightly greater performance asymmetry between the low and high CFs than did NH listeners, possibly due to central differences in frequency weighting between groups.



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Informational Masking in Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Listeners Measured in a Nonspeech Pattern Identification Task

Individuals with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) often experience more difficulty with listening in multisource environments than do normal-hearing (NH) listeners. While the peripheral effects of sensorineural hearing loss certainly contribute to this difficulty, differences in central processing of auditory information may also contribute. To explore this issue, it is important to account for peripheral differences between NH and these hearing-impaired (HI) listeners so that central effects in multisource listening can be examined. In the present study, NH and HI listeners performed a tonal pattern identification task at two distant center frequencies (CFs), 850 and 3500 Hz. In an attempt to control for differences in the peripheral representations of the stimuli, the patterns were presented at the same sensation level (15 dB SL), and the frequency deviation of the tones comprising the patterns was adjusted to obtain equal quiet pattern identification performance across all listeners at both CFs. Tonal sequences were then presented at both CFs simultaneously (informational masking conditions), and listeners were asked either to selectively attend to a source (CF) or to divide attention between CFs and identify the pattern at a CF designated after each trial. There were large differences between groups in the frequency deviations necessary to perform the pattern identification task. After compensating for these differences, there were small differences between NH and HI listeners in the informational masking conditions. HI listeners showed slightly greater performance asymmetry between the low and high CFs than did NH listeners, possibly due to central differences in frequency weighting between groups.



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