Procedural Motor Learning in Children With Specific Language Impairment

Purpose

Specific language impairment (SLI) is a developmental disorder that affects language and motor development in the absence of a clear cause. An explanation for these impairments is offered by the procedural deficit hypothesis (PDH), which argues that motor difficulties in SLI are due to deficits in procedural memory. The aim of this study was to test the PDH by examining the procedural motor learning abilities of children with and without SLI.

Method

Thirteen children with SLI and 14 age-matched typically developing children completed the following procedural measures: (a) a knot-tying task as a measure of motor sequencing and (2) a mirror-drawing task as a measure of visual–motor adaptation.

Results

Although children with SLI produced significantly more errors on certain knot-tying tasks, they performed comparably on others. Also, children with SLI performed comparably with typically developing children on the mirror-drawing task.

Conclusions

The PDH requires reframing. The sequence learning deficits in SLI are modest and specific to more difficult tasks. Visual–motor adaptation, on the other hand, appears to be unaffected in SLI.

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Procedural Motor Learning in Children With Specific Language Impairment

Purpose

Specific language impairment (SLI) is a developmental disorder that affects language and motor development in the absence of a clear cause. An explanation for these impairments is offered by the procedural deficit hypothesis (PDH), which argues that motor difficulties in SLI are due to deficits in procedural memory. The aim of this study was to test the PDH by examining the procedural motor learning abilities of children with and without SLI.

Method

Thirteen children with SLI and 14 age-matched typically developing children completed the following procedural measures: (a) a knot-tying task as a measure of motor sequencing and (2) a mirror-drawing task as a measure of visual–motor adaptation.

Results

Although children with SLI produced significantly more errors on certain knot-tying tasks, they performed comparably on others. Also, children with SLI performed comparably with typically developing children on the mirror-drawing task.

Conclusions

The PDH requires reframing. The sequence learning deficits in SLI are modest and specific to more difficult tasks. Visual–motor adaptation, on the other hand, appears to be unaffected in SLI.

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Procedural Motor Learning in Children With Specific Language Impairment

Purpose

Specific language impairment (SLI) is a developmental disorder that affects language and motor development in the absence of a clear cause. An explanation for these impairments is offered by the procedural deficit hypothesis (PDH), which argues that motor difficulties in SLI are due to deficits in procedural memory. The aim of this study was to test the PDH by examining the procedural motor learning abilities of children with and without SLI.

Method

Thirteen children with SLI and 14 age-matched typically developing children completed the following procedural measures: (a) a knot-tying task as a measure of motor sequencing and (2) a mirror-drawing task as a measure of visual–motor adaptation.

Results

Although children with SLI produced significantly more errors on certain knot-tying tasks, they performed comparably on others. Also, children with SLI performed comparably with typically developing children on the mirror-drawing task.

Conclusions

The PDH requires reframing. The sequence learning deficits in SLI are modest and specific to more difficult tasks. Visual–motor adaptation, on the other hand, appears to be unaffected in SLI.

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Randomized Controlled Trial of a Novel Device for Tinnitus Sound Therapy During Sleep

Purpose

The aim of this study was to determine if a customized stimulus from the Otoharmonics Levo System reduces tinnitus perceptions and reactions for people with bothersome tinnitus.

Method

Sixty participants were randomized to 1 of 3 groups that used sound therapy devices during sleep that differed in their acoustic stimulus: (a) tinnitus-matched (TM), (b) noise stimulus (NS), and (c) bedside sound generator (BSG). Outcome measures were the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI), numeric rating scale of tinnitus loudness, and tinnitus loudness match. A Bayesian hierarchical model was fit to estimate the differences in treatment efficacy among groups.

Results

Average tinnitus reactions and perceptions improved across treatment groups. We are at least 87% certain that treatment with TM or NS reduces mean TFI compared to treatment with BSG, with an estimated relative efficacy of 4.5–5 points greater reduction. We are at least 95% certain that treatment with TM results in greater reduction in mean numeric rating scale (NRS) of tinnitus loudness compared to the other groups, with an estimated relative efficacy of about 0.75 points greater reduction.

Conclusions

This study offers some support for greater average improvement in reactions to tinnitus with TM or NS devices compared to the BSG device. The TM group, compared to the BSG and NS groups, showed a greater reduction in ratings of tinnitus loudness on the NRS on average.

Supplemental Material

http://ift.tt/2h0o2h3

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Randomized Controlled Trial of a Novel Device for Tinnitus Sound Therapy During Sleep

Purpose

The aim of this study was to determine if a customized stimulus from the Otoharmonics Levo System reduces tinnitus perceptions and reactions for people with bothersome tinnitus.

Method

Sixty participants were randomized to 1 of 3 groups that used sound therapy devices during sleep that differed in their acoustic stimulus: (a) tinnitus-matched (TM), (b) noise stimulus (NS), and (c) bedside sound generator (BSG). Outcome measures were the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI), numeric rating scale of tinnitus loudness, and tinnitus loudness match. A Bayesian hierarchical model was fit to estimate the differences in treatment efficacy among groups.

Results

Average tinnitus reactions and perceptions improved across treatment groups. We are at least 87% certain that treatment with TM or NS reduces mean TFI compared to treatment with BSG, with an estimated relative efficacy of 4.5–5 points greater reduction. We are at least 95% certain that treatment with TM results in greater reduction in mean numeric rating scale (NRS) of tinnitus loudness compared to the other groups, with an estimated relative efficacy of about 0.75 points greater reduction.

Conclusions

This study offers some support for greater average improvement in reactions to tinnitus with TM or NS devices compared to the BSG device. The TM group, compared to the BSG and NS groups, showed a greater reduction in ratings of tinnitus loudness on the NRS on average.

Supplemental Material

http://ift.tt/2h0o2h3

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Randomized Controlled Trial of a Novel Device for Tinnitus Sound Therapy During Sleep

Purpose

The aim of this study was to determine if a customized stimulus from the Otoharmonics Levo System reduces tinnitus perceptions and reactions for people with bothersome tinnitus.

Method

Sixty participants were randomized to 1 of 3 groups that used sound therapy devices during sleep that differed in their acoustic stimulus: (a) tinnitus-matched (TM), (b) noise stimulus (NS), and (c) bedside sound generator (BSG). Outcome measures were the Tinnitus Functional Index (TFI), numeric rating scale of tinnitus loudness, and tinnitus loudness match. A Bayesian hierarchical model was fit to estimate the differences in treatment efficacy among groups.

Results

Average tinnitus reactions and perceptions improved across treatment groups. We are at least 87% certain that treatment with TM or NS reduces mean TFI compared to treatment with BSG, with an estimated relative efficacy of 4.5–5 points greater reduction. We are at least 95% certain that treatment with TM results in greater reduction in mean numeric rating scale (NRS) of tinnitus loudness compared to the other groups, with an estimated relative efficacy of about 0.75 points greater reduction.

Conclusions

This study offers some support for greater average improvement in reactions to tinnitus with TM or NS devices compared to the BSG device. The TM group, compared to the BSG and NS groups, showed a greater reduction in ratings of tinnitus loudness on the NRS on average.

Supplemental Material

http://ift.tt/2h0o2h3

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Conciencia fonológica y resolución de problemas matemáticos en educación infantil

Publication date: Available online 26 October 2017
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Laura Espinoza Pastén, Rafaela Marco Taverner, Amparo Ygual Fernández
IntroducciónAlgunos estudios revelan la participación del procesamiento lingüístico en la resolución de problemas matemáticos, subrayando su papel en la representación y en el procesamiento de información. Estas investigaciones no suelen considerar población en edades tempranas.ObjetivosEste estudio tiene un doble objetivo: analizar la influencia lingüística en resolución de problemas matemáticos en la etapa de educación infantil y analizar qué habilidades lingüísticas explican significativamente por sí solas la resolución de problemas matemáticos.MétodoParticiparon 76 niños españoles que cursaban tercero de educación infantil. Se evaluaron habilidades semánticas, morfosintácticas y conciencia fonológica, memoria verbal y velocidad de procesamiento verbal. El rendimiento en resolución de problemas se evaluó por medio de problemas de operaciones lógicas y a través de problemas con enunciados orales con y sin apoyo visual.ResultadosLas habilidades lingüísticas correlacionaron significativamente con las habilidades de resolución de problemas que involucran el pensamiento lógico y problemas con enunciado verbal, con y sin apoyo visual. Las habilidades lingüísticas, en conjunto, se relacionan con la resolución de problemas, explicando un incremento significativo de varianza adicional a la explicada por el nivel de inteligencia. La conciencia fonológica resulta ser la habilidad lingüística que mejor predice el rendimiento en problemas con enunciados sin apoyo de material concreto.ConclusionesLa conciencia fonológica es buen indicador de la calidad de las representaciones fonológicas que permiten manipular la información lingüística contenida en problemas matemáticos a edades tempranas. Estos hallazgos tienen relevancia en procesos de aprendizaje matemático, tanto en población con desarrollo típico como con dificultades de procesamiento fonológico.IntroductionSolving mathematical problems requires a number of different skills. Several studies have highlighted the role of language processing in problem solving through its influence on mental representation and information processing in mathematical problems. However, these studies usually focus on the primary school years and less often on children at preschool level.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was twofold: to analyse the effect of linguistic competence on problem solving in mathematics at the kindergarten stage and to identify which specific language skills are most closely associated with problem-solving skill.MethodThe sample included 76 children attending a kindergarten third grade class. Composed measures of semantic and morphosyntactic skills, phonological awareness, verbal memory and processing speed were formed from the CELF subscales. Problem-solving skill was assessed by asking children to solve a range of different mathematical problems involving Piagetian logical operations, and word problems with and without accompanying visual representations.ResultsLinguistic skills correlated significantly with skill in solving problems involving logical thinking, and verbal statement problems with and without visual representation. Linguistic skills predicted children’ problem-solving skills as they accounted for additional variance beyond that accounted for by IQ. Phonological awareness was the single best predictor of scores in solving word problems without visual support.ConclusionsPhonological awareness is a good indicator of the quality of phonological representations that allow manipulation of the linguistic information contained in mathematical problems at an early age. These findings have practical consequences for helping children to achieve normative development and for children with phonological processing difficulties.



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Uso del Inventario de Habilidades Comunicativas de MacArthur-Bates con lactantes en riesgo de daño cerebral

Publication date: Available online 16 October 2017
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Amaya Soberón, Claudia Jiménez-Sánchez, Johanna Flores, Josefina Ricardo-Garcell, María Elizabeth Mónica Carlier, María Fernanda de la Llata, Verónica Paz, Thalía Harmony.
IntroducciónExisten escasas pruebas conductuales validadas para hispanoparlantes que incluyen dentro de sus normas lactantes normo-oyentes con riesgo de daño cerebral perinatal. Sin medidas conductuales validadas, los clínicos usan pruebas que no están normadas para esta población, como el Inventario de Habilidades Comunicativas MacArthur-Bates (SCDI). Estudios electrofisiológicos han mostrado que las subpruebas comprensión y producción de palabras de dicho inventario tienen un alto poder discriminante en estas poblaciones en riesgo cuando se ajusta la norma de la prueba al percentil 50. Se examinó dicha norma ajustada en la práctica clínica.MétodoDiseño de un solo grupo y selección de la muestra semialeatoria. Se seleccionaron 30 niños con factores de riesgo de daño cerebral perinatal de la Unidad de investigación en Neurodesarrollo a los que se les hubiera aplicado el inventario al año de edad y la Escala de Lenguaje Preescolar (PLS-5) entre los 3 y 4 años. Se comparó la proporción de niños identificados con alteraciones en el desarrollo del lenguaje por la PLS-5 entre los 3-4 años con la proporción de niños identificados con riesgo por el SCDI al año de edad usando la norma sin ajustar y la norma ajustada.ResultadosLa norma ajustada del SCDI permitió identificar una proporción de niños con riesgo del lenguaje al año de edad similar a la proporción que se identificó con alteraciones entre los 3 y 4 años.ConclusiónDebería considerarse una norma ajustada cuando se examinen poblaciones con riesgo de daño cerebral usando el Inventario SCDI al año de edad.IntroductionThere are few validated language test for Spanish speakers that cover normo-listeners infants at risk of brain damage. Without validated behavioural measures, clinicians use test that are not standardised for this population, such as the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Skills Inventory (SCDI). Electrophysiological studies have shown that the comprehension and word production sub-test of such inventory have high discriminatory power in these at-risk populations when the test standard is adjusted to the 50th percentile. This adjusted standard was examined in clinical practice.MethodsDesign of a single group and selection of the semi-random sample. We selected 30 infants at risk of brain damage from the Neurodevelopment Research Unit to which the Inventory at one year old and the Preschool Language Scale (PLS-5) were applied between the ages of 3 and 4 years. We compared the proportion of children identified with language developmental impairments by PLS-5 between the ages of 3-4 with the proportion of children identified at risk by SCDI at one year of age using the non-adjusted norm and adjusted norm.ResultsThe adjusted SCDI standard allowed the identification of a proportion of infants at risk of brain damage and also at risk of language development impairments at one year of age, similar to the proportion that was identified with impairments between 3 and 4 years.ConclusionAn adjusted norm should be considered when examining infants at risk of brain damage using the SCDI Inventory at one year of age.



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Editorial

Publication date: September–December 2017
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología, Volume 37, Issue 4
Author(s): David del Río




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Fonoaudiología/logopedia en cuidado intensivo: el valor de la comunicación, más allá de las alteraciones de deglución

Publication date: Available online 27 October 2017
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Leidy-Johanna Rodríguez-Riaño, Adriana Duarte-Valderrama
Las personas que ingresan en la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo (UCI) pueden generar alteraciones en deglución y comunicación, como consecuencia de patologías de base o por tratamientos e intervenciones usadas para preservar la vida. La fonoaudiología/logopedia asume el reto frente al manejo de pacientes en condiciones críticas de salud, con el fin de promover la calidad de vida desde la rehabilitación de procesos de deglución, aportar al bienestar comunicativo de pacientes, familiares y profesionales, para promover la humanización dentro de las UCI. Este análisis de literatura reunió evidencia sobre acciones fonoaudiológicas y terapéuticas del fonoaudiólogo/logopeda en UCI. Se revisó evidencia entre el 1 de enero de 2008 hasta el 1 de febrero de 2015 en bases de datos EBSCO, Scielo, PubMed Medline y EMBASE. Se incluyó evidencia sobre el rol y las acciones del fonoaudiólogo/logopeda dentro de las UCI. Del total de 200 artículos cruzados, se incluyeron 60 según criterios de inclusión. Esta búsqueda evidenció la importancia que se da en el mundo a la presencia del fonoaudiólogo/logopeda dentro del grupo multidisciplinario de las UCI, para la rehabilitación de la comunicación y la deglución y su aporte a la compleja labor de humanización de los servicios de salud desde la interacción comunicativa efectiva del paciente con su entorno.People entering the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) can develop changes in swallowing and communication, as a consequence of disease, or treatments and interventions used to preserve life. Speech and language therapists take on the challenge of managing patients in critical health conditions, to enhance their quality of life after swallowing rehabilitation, to contribute to the communicative wellbeing of patients, families and professionals, and to promote humanisation in ICU. This literature analysis gathered evidence of the therapeutic action of speech and language therapists in ICU. The evidence was reviewed between January 1, 2008 and February 1, 2015 in the EBSCO, Scielo, PubMed Medline and EMBASE databases. Evidence on the role and actions of speech and language therapists in ICU was included. Of the total 200 cross-items, 60 were included according to the inclusion criteria.This research demonstrated the global importance of speech and language therapists within the intensive care unit multidisciplinary team, in communication and swallowing rehabilitation. It highlighted their contribution to the complex work involved in humanising the health services by enabling patients to interact communicatively with their environment.



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Neuro-Developmental Treatment. A Guide to NDT Clinical Practice

Publication date: September–December 2017
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología, Volume 37, Issue 4
Author(s): Rosa M. Bermúdez de Alvear




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Conciencia fonológica y resolución de problemas matemáticos en educación infantil

Publication date: Available online 26 October 2017
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Laura Espinoza Pastén, Rafaela Marco Taverner, Amparo Ygual Fernández
IntroducciónAlgunos estudios revelan la participación del procesamiento lingüístico en la resolución de problemas matemáticos, subrayando su papel en la representación y en el procesamiento de información. Estas investigaciones no suelen considerar población en edades tempranas.ObjetivosEste estudio tiene un doble objetivo: analizar la influencia lingüística en resolución de problemas matemáticos en la etapa de educación infantil y analizar qué habilidades lingüísticas explican significativamente por sí solas la resolución de problemas matemáticos.MétodoParticiparon 76 niños españoles que cursaban tercero de educación infantil. Se evaluaron habilidades semánticas, morfosintácticas y conciencia fonológica, memoria verbal y velocidad de procesamiento verbal. El rendimiento en resolución de problemas se evaluó por medio de problemas de operaciones lógicas y a través de problemas con enunciados orales con y sin apoyo visual.ResultadosLas habilidades lingüísticas correlacionaron significativamente con las habilidades de resolución de problemas que involucran el pensamiento lógico y problemas con enunciado verbal, con y sin apoyo visual. Las habilidades lingüísticas, en conjunto, se relacionan con la resolución de problemas, explicando un incremento significativo de varianza adicional a la explicada por el nivel de inteligencia. La conciencia fonológica resulta ser la habilidad lingüística que mejor predice el rendimiento en problemas con enunciados sin apoyo de material concreto.ConclusionesLa conciencia fonológica es buen indicador de la calidad de las representaciones fonológicas que permiten manipular la información lingüística contenida en problemas matemáticos a edades tempranas. Estos hallazgos tienen relevancia en procesos de aprendizaje matemático, tanto en población con desarrollo típico como con dificultades de procesamiento fonológico.IntroductionSolving mathematical problems requires a number of different skills. Several studies have highlighted the role of language processing in problem solving through its influence on mental representation and information processing in mathematical problems. However, these studies usually focus on the primary school years and less often on children at preschool level.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was twofold: to analyse the effect of linguistic competence on problem solving in mathematics at the kindergarten stage and to identify which specific language skills are most closely associated with problem-solving skill.MethodThe sample included 76 children attending a kindergarten third grade class. Composed measures of semantic and morphosyntactic skills, phonological awareness, verbal memory and processing speed were formed from the CELF subscales. Problem-solving skill was assessed by asking children to solve a range of different mathematical problems involving Piagetian logical operations, and word problems with and without accompanying visual representations.ResultsLinguistic skills correlated significantly with skill in solving problems involving logical thinking, and verbal statement problems with and without visual representation. Linguistic skills predicted children’ problem-solving skills as they accounted for additional variance beyond that accounted for by IQ. Phonological awareness was the single best predictor of scores in solving word problems without visual support.ConclusionsPhonological awareness is a good indicator of the quality of phonological representations that allow manipulation of the linguistic information contained in mathematical problems at an early age. These findings have practical consequences for helping children to achieve normative development and for children with phonological processing difficulties.



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Uso del Inventario de Habilidades Comunicativas de MacArthur-Bates con lactantes en riesgo de daño cerebral

Publication date: Available online 16 October 2017
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Amaya Soberón, Claudia Jiménez-Sánchez, Johanna Flores, Josefina Ricardo-Garcell, María Elizabeth Mónica Carlier, María Fernanda de la Llata, Verónica Paz, Thalía Harmony.
IntroducciónExisten escasas pruebas conductuales validadas para hispanoparlantes que incluyen dentro de sus normas lactantes normo-oyentes con riesgo de daño cerebral perinatal. Sin medidas conductuales validadas, los clínicos usan pruebas que no están normadas para esta población, como el Inventario de Habilidades Comunicativas MacArthur-Bates (SCDI). Estudios electrofisiológicos han mostrado que las subpruebas comprensión y producción de palabras de dicho inventario tienen un alto poder discriminante en estas poblaciones en riesgo cuando se ajusta la norma de la prueba al percentil 50. Se examinó dicha norma ajustada en la práctica clínica.MétodoDiseño de un solo grupo y selección de la muestra semialeatoria. Se seleccionaron 30 niños con factores de riesgo de daño cerebral perinatal de la Unidad de investigación en Neurodesarrollo a los que se les hubiera aplicado el inventario al año de edad y la Escala de Lenguaje Preescolar (PLS-5) entre los 3 y 4 años. Se comparó la proporción de niños identificados con alteraciones en el desarrollo del lenguaje por la PLS-5 entre los 3-4 años con la proporción de niños identificados con riesgo por el SCDI al año de edad usando la norma sin ajustar y la norma ajustada.ResultadosLa norma ajustada del SCDI permitió identificar una proporción de niños con riesgo del lenguaje al año de edad similar a la proporción que se identificó con alteraciones entre los 3 y 4 años.ConclusiónDebería considerarse una norma ajustada cuando se examinen poblaciones con riesgo de daño cerebral usando el Inventario SCDI al año de edad.IntroductionThere are few validated language test for Spanish speakers that cover normo-listeners infants at risk of brain damage. Without validated behavioural measures, clinicians use test that are not standardised for this population, such as the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Skills Inventory (SCDI). Electrophysiological studies have shown that the comprehension and word production sub-test of such inventory have high discriminatory power in these at-risk populations when the test standard is adjusted to the 50th percentile. This adjusted standard was examined in clinical practice.MethodsDesign of a single group and selection of the semi-random sample. We selected 30 infants at risk of brain damage from the Neurodevelopment Research Unit to which the Inventory at one year old and the Preschool Language Scale (PLS-5) were applied between the ages of 3 and 4 years. We compared the proportion of children identified with language developmental impairments by PLS-5 between the ages of 3-4 with the proportion of children identified at risk by SCDI at one year of age using the non-adjusted norm and adjusted norm.ResultsThe adjusted SCDI standard allowed the identification of a proportion of infants at risk of brain damage and also at risk of language development impairments at one year of age, similar to the proportion that was identified with impairments between 3 and 4 years.ConclusionAn adjusted norm should be considered when examining infants at risk of brain damage using the SCDI Inventory at one year of age.



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Editorial

Publication date: September–December 2017
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología, Volume 37, Issue 4
Author(s): David del Río




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Fonoaudiología/logopedia en cuidado intensivo: el valor de la comunicación, más allá de las alteraciones de deglución

Publication date: Available online 27 October 2017
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Leidy-Johanna Rodríguez-Riaño, Adriana Duarte-Valderrama
Las personas que ingresan en la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo (UCI) pueden generar alteraciones en deglución y comunicación, como consecuencia de patologías de base o por tratamientos e intervenciones usadas para preservar la vida. La fonoaudiología/logopedia asume el reto frente al manejo de pacientes en condiciones críticas de salud, con el fin de promover la calidad de vida desde la rehabilitación de procesos de deglución, aportar al bienestar comunicativo de pacientes, familiares y profesionales, para promover la humanización dentro de las UCI. Este análisis de literatura reunió evidencia sobre acciones fonoaudiológicas y terapéuticas del fonoaudiólogo/logopeda en UCI. Se revisó evidencia entre el 1 de enero de 2008 hasta el 1 de febrero de 2015 en bases de datos EBSCO, Scielo, PubMed Medline y EMBASE. Se incluyó evidencia sobre el rol y las acciones del fonoaudiólogo/logopeda dentro de las UCI. Del total de 200 artículos cruzados, se incluyeron 60 según criterios de inclusión. Esta búsqueda evidenció la importancia que se da en el mundo a la presencia del fonoaudiólogo/logopeda dentro del grupo multidisciplinario de las UCI, para la rehabilitación de la comunicación y la deglución y su aporte a la compleja labor de humanización de los servicios de salud desde la interacción comunicativa efectiva del paciente con su entorno.People entering the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) can develop changes in swallowing and communication, as a consequence of disease, or treatments and interventions used to preserve life. Speech and language therapists take on the challenge of managing patients in critical health conditions, to enhance their quality of life after swallowing rehabilitation, to contribute to the communicative wellbeing of patients, families and professionals, and to promote humanisation in ICU. This literature analysis gathered evidence of the therapeutic action of speech and language therapists in ICU. The evidence was reviewed between January 1, 2008 and February 1, 2015 in the EBSCO, Scielo, PubMed Medline and EMBASE databases. Evidence on the role and actions of speech and language therapists in ICU was included. Of the total 200 cross-items, 60 were included according to the inclusion criteria.This research demonstrated the global importance of speech and language therapists within the intensive care unit multidisciplinary team, in communication and swallowing rehabilitation. It highlighted their contribution to the complex work involved in humanising the health services by enabling patients to interact communicatively with their environment.



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via IFTTT

Neuro-Developmental Treatment. A Guide to NDT Clinical Practice

Publication date: September–December 2017
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología, Volume 37, Issue 4
Author(s): Rosa M. Bermúdez de Alvear




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via IFTTT

Conciencia fonológica y resolución de problemas matemáticos en educación infantil

Publication date: Available online 26 October 2017
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Laura Espinoza Pastén, Rafaela Marco Taverner, Amparo Ygual Fernández
IntroducciónAlgunos estudios revelan la participación del procesamiento lingüístico en la resolución de problemas matemáticos, subrayando su papel en la representación y en el procesamiento de información. Estas investigaciones no suelen considerar población en edades tempranas.ObjetivosEste estudio tiene un doble objetivo: analizar la influencia lingüística en resolución de problemas matemáticos en la etapa de educación infantil y analizar qué habilidades lingüísticas explican significativamente por sí solas la resolución de problemas matemáticos.MétodoParticiparon 76 niños españoles que cursaban tercero de educación infantil. Se evaluaron habilidades semánticas, morfosintácticas y conciencia fonológica, memoria verbal y velocidad de procesamiento verbal. El rendimiento en resolución de problemas se evaluó por medio de problemas de operaciones lógicas y a través de problemas con enunciados orales con y sin apoyo visual.ResultadosLas habilidades lingüísticas correlacionaron significativamente con las habilidades de resolución de problemas que involucran el pensamiento lógico y problemas con enunciado verbal, con y sin apoyo visual. Las habilidades lingüísticas, en conjunto, se relacionan con la resolución de problemas, explicando un incremento significativo de varianza adicional a la explicada por el nivel de inteligencia. La conciencia fonológica resulta ser la habilidad lingüística que mejor predice el rendimiento en problemas con enunciados sin apoyo de material concreto.ConclusionesLa conciencia fonológica es buen indicador de la calidad de las representaciones fonológicas que permiten manipular la información lingüística contenida en problemas matemáticos a edades tempranas. Estos hallazgos tienen relevancia en procesos de aprendizaje matemático, tanto en población con desarrollo típico como con dificultades de procesamiento fonológico.IntroductionSolving mathematical problems requires a number of different skills. Several studies have highlighted the role of language processing in problem solving through its influence on mental representation and information processing in mathematical problems. However, these studies usually focus on the primary school years and less often on children at preschool level.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was twofold: to analyse the effect of linguistic competence on problem solving in mathematics at the kindergarten stage and to identify which specific language skills are most closely associated with problem-solving skill.MethodThe sample included 76 children attending a kindergarten third grade class. Composed measures of semantic and morphosyntactic skills, phonological awareness, verbal memory and processing speed were formed from the CELF subscales. Problem-solving skill was assessed by asking children to solve a range of different mathematical problems involving Piagetian logical operations, and word problems with and without accompanying visual representations.ResultsLinguistic skills correlated significantly with skill in solving problems involving logical thinking, and verbal statement problems with and without visual representation. Linguistic skills predicted children’ problem-solving skills as they accounted for additional variance beyond that accounted for by IQ. Phonological awareness was the single best predictor of scores in solving word problems without visual support.ConclusionsPhonological awareness is a good indicator of the quality of phonological representations that allow manipulation of the linguistic information contained in mathematical problems at an early age. These findings have practical consequences for helping children to achieve normative development and for children with phonological processing difficulties.



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Uso del Inventario de Habilidades Comunicativas de MacArthur-Bates con lactantes en riesgo de daño cerebral

Publication date: Available online 16 October 2017
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Amaya Soberón, Claudia Jiménez-Sánchez, Johanna Flores, Josefina Ricardo-Garcell, María Elizabeth Mónica Carlier, María Fernanda de la Llata, Verónica Paz, Thalía Harmony.
IntroducciónExisten escasas pruebas conductuales validadas para hispanoparlantes que incluyen dentro de sus normas lactantes normo-oyentes con riesgo de daño cerebral perinatal. Sin medidas conductuales validadas, los clínicos usan pruebas que no están normadas para esta población, como el Inventario de Habilidades Comunicativas MacArthur-Bates (SCDI). Estudios electrofisiológicos han mostrado que las subpruebas comprensión y producción de palabras de dicho inventario tienen un alto poder discriminante en estas poblaciones en riesgo cuando se ajusta la norma de la prueba al percentil 50. Se examinó dicha norma ajustada en la práctica clínica.MétodoDiseño de un solo grupo y selección de la muestra semialeatoria. Se seleccionaron 30 niños con factores de riesgo de daño cerebral perinatal de la Unidad de investigación en Neurodesarrollo a los que se les hubiera aplicado el inventario al año de edad y la Escala de Lenguaje Preescolar (PLS-5) entre los 3 y 4 años. Se comparó la proporción de niños identificados con alteraciones en el desarrollo del lenguaje por la PLS-5 entre los 3-4 años con la proporción de niños identificados con riesgo por el SCDI al año de edad usando la norma sin ajustar y la norma ajustada.ResultadosLa norma ajustada del SCDI permitió identificar una proporción de niños con riesgo del lenguaje al año de edad similar a la proporción que se identificó con alteraciones entre los 3 y 4 años.ConclusiónDebería considerarse una norma ajustada cuando se examinen poblaciones con riesgo de daño cerebral usando el Inventario SCDI al año de edad.IntroductionThere are few validated language test for Spanish speakers that cover normo-listeners infants at risk of brain damage. Without validated behavioural measures, clinicians use test that are not standardised for this population, such as the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Skills Inventory (SCDI). Electrophysiological studies have shown that the comprehension and word production sub-test of such inventory have high discriminatory power in these at-risk populations when the test standard is adjusted to the 50th percentile. This adjusted standard was examined in clinical practice.MethodsDesign of a single group and selection of the semi-random sample. We selected 30 infants at risk of brain damage from the Neurodevelopment Research Unit to which the Inventory at one year old and the Preschool Language Scale (PLS-5) were applied between the ages of 3 and 4 years. We compared the proportion of children identified with language developmental impairments by PLS-5 between the ages of 3-4 with the proportion of children identified at risk by SCDI at one year of age using the non-adjusted norm and adjusted norm.ResultsThe adjusted SCDI standard allowed the identification of a proportion of infants at risk of brain damage and also at risk of language development impairments at one year of age, similar to the proportion that was identified with impairments between 3 and 4 years.ConclusionAn adjusted norm should be considered when examining infants at risk of brain damage using the SCDI Inventory at one year of age.



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Editorial

Publication date: September–December 2017
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología, Volume 37, Issue 4
Author(s): David del Río




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Fonoaudiología/logopedia en cuidado intensivo: el valor de la comunicación, más allá de las alteraciones de deglución

Publication date: Available online 27 October 2017
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Leidy-Johanna Rodríguez-Riaño, Adriana Duarte-Valderrama
Las personas que ingresan en la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo (UCI) pueden generar alteraciones en deglución y comunicación, como consecuencia de patologías de base o por tratamientos e intervenciones usadas para preservar la vida. La fonoaudiología/logopedia asume el reto frente al manejo de pacientes en condiciones críticas de salud, con el fin de promover la calidad de vida desde la rehabilitación de procesos de deglución, aportar al bienestar comunicativo de pacientes, familiares y profesionales, para promover la humanización dentro de las UCI. Este análisis de literatura reunió evidencia sobre acciones fonoaudiológicas y terapéuticas del fonoaudiólogo/logopeda en UCI. Se revisó evidencia entre el 1 de enero de 2008 hasta el 1 de febrero de 2015 en bases de datos EBSCO, Scielo, PubMed Medline y EMBASE. Se incluyó evidencia sobre el rol y las acciones del fonoaudiólogo/logopeda dentro de las UCI. Del total de 200 artículos cruzados, se incluyeron 60 según criterios de inclusión. Esta búsqueda evidenció la importancia que se da en el mundo a la presencia del fonoaudiólogo/logopeda dentro del grupo multidisciplinario de las UCI, para la rehabilitación de la comunicación y la deglución y su aporte a la compleja labor de humanización de los servicios de salud desde la interacción comunicativa efectiva del paciente con su entorno.People entering the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) can develop changes in swallowing and communication, as a consequence of disease, or treatments and interventions used to preserve life. Speech and language therapists take on the challenge of managing patients in critical health conditions, to enhance their quality of life after swallowing rehabilitation, to contribute to the communicative wellbeing of patients, families and professionals, and to promote humanisation in ICU. This literature analysis gathered evidence of the therapeutic action of speech and language therapists in ICU. The evidence was reviewed between January 1, 2008 and February 1, 2015 in the EBSCO, Scielo, PubMed Medline and EMBASE databases. Evidence on the role and actions of speech and language therapists in ICU was included. Of the total 200 cross-items, 60 were included according to the inclusion criteria.This research demonstrated the global importance of speech and language therapists within the intensive care unit multidisciplinary team, in communication and swallowing rehabilitation. It highlighted their contribution to the complex work involved in humanising the health services by enabling patients to interact communicatively with their environment.



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Neuro-Developmental Treatment. A Guide to NDT Clinical Practice

Publication date: September–December 2017
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología, Volume 37, Issue 4
Author(s): Rosa M. Bermúdez de Alvear




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Inner ear manifestations in CHARGE: Abnormalities, treatments, animal models, and progress toward treatments in auditory and vestibular structures.

Inner ear manifestations in CHARGE: Abnormalities, treatments, animal models, and progress toward treatments in auditory and vestibular structures.

Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2017 Oct 30;:

Authors: Choo DI, Tawfik KO, Martin DM, Raphael Y

Abstract
The inner ear contains the sensory organs for hearing and balance. Both hearing and balance are commonly affected in individuals with CHARGE syndrome (CS), an autosomal dominant condition caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in the CHD7 gene. Semicircular canal dysplasia or aplasia is the single most prevalent feature in individuals with CHARGE leading to deficient gross motor skills and ambulation. Identification of CHD7 as the major gene affected in CHARGE has enabled acceleration of research in this field. Great progress has been made in understanding the role of CHD7 in the development and function of the inner ear, as well as in related organs such as the middle ear and auditory and vestibular neural pathways. The goals of current research on CHD7 and CS are to (a) improve our understanding of the pathology caused by CHD7 pathogenic variants and (b) to provide better tools for prognosis and treatment. Current studies utilize cells and whole animals, from flies to mammals. The mouse is an excellent model for exploring mechanisms of Chd7 function in the ear, given the evolutionary conservation of ear structure, function, Chd7 expression, and similarity of mutant phenotypes between mice and humans. Newly recognized developmental functions for mouse Chd7 are shedding light on how abnormalities in CHD7 might lead to CS symptoms in humans. Here we review known human inner ear phenotypes associated with CHD7 pathogenic variants and CS, summarize progress toward diagnosis and treatment of inner ear-related pathologies, and explore new avenues for treatment based on basic science discoveries.

PMID: 29082607 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Inner ear manifestations in CHARGE: Abnormalities, treatments, animal models, and progress toward treatments in auditory and vestibular structures.

Inner ear manifestations in CHARGE: Abnormalities, treatments, animal models, and progress toward treatments in auditory and vestibular structures.

Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2017 Oct 30;:

Authors: Choo DI, Tawfik KO, Martin DM, Raphael Y

Abstract
The inner ear contains the sensory organs for hearing and balance. Both hearing and balance are commonly affected in individuals with CHARGE syndrome (CS), an autosomal dominant condition caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in the CHD7 gene. Semicircular canal dysplasia or aplasia is the single most prevalent feature in individuals with CHARGE leading to deficient gross motor skills and ambulation. Identification of CHD7 as the major gene affected in CHARGE has enabled acceleration of research in this field. Great progress has been made in understanding the role of CHD7 in the development and function of the inner ear, as well as in related organs such as the middle ear and auditory and vestibular neural pathways. The goals of current research on CHD7 and CS are to (a) improve our understanding of the pathology caused by CHD7 pathogenic variants and (b) to provide better tools for prognosis and treatment. Current studies utilize cells and whole animals, from flies to mammals. The mouse is an excellent model for exploring mechanisms of Chd7 function in the ear, given the evolutionary conservation of ear structure, function, Chd7 expression, and similarity of mutant phenotypes between mice and humans. Newly recognized developmental functions for mouse Chd7 are shedding light on how abnormalities in CHD7 might lead to CS symptoms in humans. Here we review known human inner ear phenotypes associated with CHD7 pathogenic variants and CS, summarize progress toward diagnosis and treatment of inner ear-related pathologies, and explore new avenues for treatment based on basic science discoveries.

PMID: 29082607 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Assessing hearing loss self-management in older adults.

Assessing hearing loss self-management in older adults.

Int J Audiol. 2017 Oct 28;:1-8

Authors: Convery E, Meyer C, Keidser G, Hickson L

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the capacity of a self-management assessment tool to identify unmet hearing health care (HHC) needs; to determine whether such an assessment yields novel and clinically useful information.
DESIGN: Hearing loss self-management (HLSM) was assessed with the Partners in Health scale and the Cue and Response interview from the Flinders Chronic Condition Management Program™. The results of the scale and the interview were compared to determine the extent to which they each contributed to the assessment of HLSM.
STUDY SAMPLE: Thirty older adults who currently receive HHC.
RESULTS: The two assessment tools were useful in identifying the specific domains in which participants lacked good HLSM skills. While participants tended to have a high level of knowledge about hearing loss and technology-based interventions, many reported the presence of unmet psychosocial needs with no clear plan for addressing them. There was considerable variation in terms of the extent to which their audiologists facilitated shared decision-making.
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that HLSM has the potential to play an important role in audiological rehabilitation. A HLSM assessment tool that more precisely matches the unique needs of people with hearing loss should be developed, along with interventions to meet those needs.

PMID: 29081257 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Assessing hearing loss self-management in older adults.

Assessing hearing loss self-management in older adults.

Int J Audiol. 2017 Oct 28;:1-8

Authors: Convery E, Meyer C, Keidser G, Hickson L

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the capacity of a self-management assessment tool to identify unmet hearing health care (HHC) needs; to determine whether such an assessment yields novel and clinically useful information.
DESIGN: Hearing loss self-management (HLSM) was assessed with the Partners in Health scale and the Cue and Response interview from the Flinders Chronic Condition Management Program™. The results of the scale and the interview were compared to determine the extent to which they each contributed to the assessment of HLSM.
STUDY SAMPLE: Thirty older adults who currently receive HHC.
RESULTS: The two assessment tools were useful in identifying the specific domains in which participants lacked good HLSM skills. While participants tended to have a high level of knowledge about hearing loss and technology-based interventions, many reported the presence of unmet psychosocial needs with no clear plan for addressing them. There was considerable variation in terms of the extent to which their audiologists facilitated shared decision-making.
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that HLSM has the potential to play an important role in audiological rehabilitation. A HLSM assessment tool that more precisely matches the unique needs of people with hearing loss should be developed, along with interventions to meet those needs.

PMID: 29081257 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Assessing hearing loss self-management in older adults.

Assessing hearing loss self-management in older adults.

Int J Audiol. 2017 Oct 28;:1-8

Authors: Convery E, Meyer C, Keidser G, Hickson L

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the capacity of a self-management assessment tool to identify unmet hearing health care (HHC) needs; to determine whether such an assessment yields novel and clinically useful information.
DESIGN: Hearing loss self-management (HLSM) was assessed with the Partners in Health scale and the Cue and Response interview from the Flinders Chronic Condition Management Program™. The results of the scale and the interview were compared to determine the extent to which they each contributed to the assessment of HLSM.
STUDY SAMPLE: Thirty older adults who currently receive HHC.
RESULTS: The two assessment tools were useful in identifying the specific domains in which participants lacked good HLSM skills. While participants tended to have a high level of knowledge about hearing loss and technology-based interventions, many reported the presence of unmet psychosocial needs with no clear plan for addressing them. There was considerable variation in terms of the extent to which their audiologists facilitated shared decision-making.
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that HLSM has the potential to play an important role in audiological rehabilitation. A HLSM assessment tool that more precisely matches the unique needs of people with hearing loss should be developed, along with interventions to meet those needs.

PMID: 29081257 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Assessing hearing loss self-management in older adults.

Assessing hearing loss self-management in older adults.

Int J Audiol. 2017 Oct 28;:1-8

Authors: Convery E, Meyer C, Keidser G, Hickson L

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the capacity of a self-management assessment tool to identify unmet hearing health care (HHC) needs; to determine whether such an assessment yields novel and clinically useful information.
DESIGN: Hearing loss self-management (HLSM) was assessed with the Partners in Health scale and the Cue and Response interview from the Flinders Chronic Condition Management Program™. The results of the scale and the interview were compared to determine the extent to which they each contributed to the assessment of HLSM.
STUDY SAMPLE: Thirty older adults who currently receive HHC.
RESULTS: The two assessment tools were useful in identifying the specific domains in which participants lacked good HLSM skills. While participants tended to have a high level of knowledge about hearing loss and technology-based interventions, many reported the presence of unmet psychosocial needs with no clear plan for addressing them. There was considerable variation in terms of the extent to which their audiologists facilitated shared decision-making.
CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that HLSM has the potential to play an important role in audiological rehabilitation. A HLSM assessment tool that more precisely matches the unique needs of people with hearing loss should be developed, along with interventions to meet those needs.

PMID: 29081257 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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