Πέμπτη 4 Φεβρουαρίου 2021

Prospective study to analyse the efficiency of Acoustic Doppler v/s Colour Duplex Ultrasound in locating perforators for antero-lateral thigh flap in reconstructive head and neck surgery.

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Prospective study to analyse the efficiency of Acoustic Doppler v/s Colour Duplex Ultrasound in locating perforators for antero-lateral thigh flap in reconstructive head and neck surgery.

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2021 Jan 10;:

Authors: Haribhakti VV, Thorat TS, Powle VR, Virarkar MK

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap has become the universal workhorse for Head and Neck reconstruction. Being a perforator-based flap, accurate planning by preoperative perforator localisation is clearly beneficial. Acoustic Doppler (AD) and Colour Duplex Ultrasound (CDU) are the most practicable methods of localisation available. We designed a prospective study to analyse the correlation between preoperative localisation (by AD and CDU) and intraoperative findings, factoring in the advantages of using a high frequency probe for CDU.
METHODS: Thirty-three consecutive patients were analysed in a prospective, observational study. AD was first used to mark the perforator point and its distance measured from two anatomical landmarks, the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) and the 'Reference line' (a line joining ASIS with the superior patellar border). CDU was then carried out to mark the perforator position with two probes (9 and 14 MHz), and the above distances measured for both points. At surgery, the actual point of perforator entry was separately marked and the same two distances were measured. A note was also made of perforator characteristics such as size and flow rate.
RESULTS: In 21/33 cases, there was a close concordance between pre- and intraoperative localisation (complete success). From the remaining 12 cases, the complete absence of perforator was found in one case, a small, unreliable perforator in 2 cases and a site disparity of > 2 cm between true and preop points in 9 cases.
CONCLUSION: No significant advantages were found with either a high frequency probe or indeed for CDU over AD. AD is sufficient for effective perforator localisation and should be routinely employed to accurately plan the anterior incision. CDU can be employed in cases where AD is unconvincing.

PMID: 33531210 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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An Enlarging Parotid Mass in a 9-Year-Old Boy

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A 9-year-old boy presents with a left-sided neck mass that has been enlarging, mild intermittent pain, episodes of upper respiratory infection, and previous adenotonsillectomy and bilateral ear tubes placement. What is your diagnosis?
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Povidone Iodine to Reduce Viral Load in Patients With COVID-19

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This randomized clinical trial investigates the efficacy of na sopharyngeal povidone iodine solutions in reducing the viral load of patients with COVID-19.
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Diffuse Type 2 Dominant Rhinosinusitis and Corticosteroid Irrigation After Surgical Neosinus Cavity Formation

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This cohort study examines long-term treatment outcomes in pat ients with eosinophilic rhinosinusitis who have received corticosteroid irrigations after surgical creation of a neosinus cavity.
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New Age Mentoring and Disruptive Innovation

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This study examines how mentoring has evolved over time, what new challenges have recently emerged, and how to implement effective structural solutions in the field of otolaryngology–head and neck surgery.
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Risk and Clinical Factors of Late Lower Cranial Neuropathy in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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This cohort study assesses the cumulative incidence of and cli nical factors associated with late lower cranial neuropathy among patients with long-term survival of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Prognostic Significance of Systemic Inflammatory Response in Cases of Temporal Bone Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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Objective/Hypothesis

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the temporal bone is an extremely rare condition. This rarity has led to a delay in the establishment of a standard treatment protocol and adequate staging system. Identification of prognostic markers of this disease from a variety of fields is desirable in the establishment of treatment guidelines for temporal bone SCC. The aim of this study is to assess the prognostic role of inflammation‐based prognostic scores in cases of temporal bone SCC.

Study Design

Case reries with chart review.

Methods

A total of 71 cases of primary malignancy eligible for curative treatment at a single tertiary medical institute were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate regression analyzes were used to investigate the association between the inflammation‐based scores and 5‐year overall survival.

Results

Univariate Cox regression analyzes showed that a high neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, high platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, low lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio, a Glasgow prognostic score of 2, and the systemic inflammation score of 2 were significantly associated with a poor prognosis, as well as a classification of T4 stage, presence of cervical lymph node metastasis, high white blood cell counts, and high C‐reactive protein levels. The multivariate analysis showed that a clinical stage of T4 and a systemic inflammation score of 2 were independent prognostic markers.

Conclusions

Inflammation‐based prognostic markers are associated with the survival of patients with temporal bone SCC, as well as other head and neck SCCs.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 2021

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Residual Hair Cell Responses in Electric-Acoustic Stimulation Cochlear Implant Users with Complete Loss of Acoustic Hearing After Implantation

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Abstract

Changes in cochlear implant (CI) design and surgical techniques have enabled the preservation of residual acoustic hearing in the implanted ear. While most Nucleus Hybrid L24 CI users retain significant acoustic hearing years after surgery, 6–17 % experience a complete loss of acoustic hearing (Roland et al. Laryngoscope. 126(1):175-81. (2016), Laryngoscope. 128(8):1939-1945 (2018); Scheperle et al. Hear Res. 350:45-57 (2017)). Electrocochleography (ECoG) enables non-invasive monitoring of peripheral auditory function and may provide insight into the pathophysiology of hearing loss. The ECoG response is evoked using an acoustic stimulus and includes contributions from the hair cells (cochlear microphonic—CM) as well as the auditory nerve (auditory nerve neurophonic—ANN). Seven Hybrid L24 CI users with complete loss of residual hearing months after surgery underwent ECoG measures before and after loss of hearing. While significant reductions in CMs were evident after hearing loss, all participants had measurable CMs despite having no measurable acoustic hearing. None retained measurable ANNs. Given histological data suggesting stable hair cell and neural counts after hearing loss (e.g., Quesnel et al. Hear Res. 333:225-234. (2016)), the loss of ECoG and audiometric hearing may reflect reduced synaptic input. This is consistent with the theory that residual CM responses coupled with little to no ANN responses reflect a "disconnect" between hair cells and auditory nerve fibers (Fontenot et al. Ear Hear. 40(3):577-591. 2019). This "disconnection" may prevent proper encoding of auditory stimulation at higher auditory pathways, leading to a lack of audiometric responses, even in the presence of viable cochlear hair cells.

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Salivary Duct Carcinoma With Rhabdoid Features—No or Aberrant Expression of E-cadherin and Genetic Changes in CDH1: Immunohistochemical and Genetic Analyses of 17 Cases

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Salivary duct carcinoma is a relatively uncommon malignancy of the salivary glands; however, it frequently occurs as a carcinomatous component of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. We previously reported salivary duct carcinoma with rhabdoid features (SDCRF) as an extremely rare subtype of salivary duct carcinoma, and that it occurred as a salivary counterpart of pleomorphic lobular carcinoma of the breast (PLCB). We collected new cases of SDCRF for this study, in which we examined a total of 17 cases immunohistochemically and genetically. As it is known that PLCB exhibits loss of or aberrant E-cadherin expression and carries nonsense/missense mutations in or deletion of the CDH1 gene, we examined the CDH1 gene status of our SDCRF cases. All of the examined SDCRF cases involved the diffuse proliferation of large ovoid cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and eccentric nuclei, which displayed reduced cell-cell adhesion. Most cases were positive for pan-cytokeratin, androgen receptor, gross cystic disease fluid protein-15, SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1, and WI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A member 4, whereas they were negative for vimentin. No and decreased/cytoplasmic E-cadherin expression was ob served in 11 and 4 of 17 cases, respectively, whereas no and decreased/cytoplasmic β-catenin expression were observed in 10 and 5 of 17 cases, respectively. Among the 11 cases that could be genetically analyzed, a nonsense mutation (1 case), missense mutations (6 cases), and insertions (1 case) were detected in the CDH1 gene. In conclusion, we propose that SDCRF is the salivary counterpart of PLCB due to its morphology and immunophenotype, and the genetic status of CDH1. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Shizuoka General Center (SGHIRB#2019007) and Hamamatsu University School of Medicine (20-011). All subjects signed informed consent forms. Written informed consent for the publication of clinical details and/or clinical images was obtained from the patients. A copy of the consent form is available for review by the Editor of this journal. K.K.: designed and drafted the manuscript. K.K. and M.S.: made the histopathologic diagnoses. M.M., K.Y., S.B., T.O., and H.I.: found the cases and collected the clinical data. H. Yamamoto, T.I., and C.T.: performed the immunohistochemistry. H. Yamada and K.I.: performed the genetic analysis. H.S. and M.S.: supervised this manuscript. Conflicts of Interest and Source of Funding: Supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for the Medical Research Support Project of Shizuoka Prefectural Hospital Organization in 2019 (to K.K.), as well as by AMED (20ck0106554) (to H.S.) and SRF (to H.S.). The authors have disclosed that they have no significant relationships with, or financial interest in, any commercial companies pertaining to this article. Correspondence: Kimihide Kusafuka, DDS, PhD, Department of Pathology, Shizuoka General Hospital, 4-27-1 Kita-Ando, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka City 420-8527, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan (e-mail: k-kusafuka@i.shizuoka-pho.jp). Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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A Distinctive Adnexal (Usually Paratubal) Neoplasm Often Associated With Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome and Characterized by STK11 Alterations (STK11 Adnexal Tumor): A Report of 22 Cases

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We describe 22 examples of a novel, usually paratubal, adnexal tumor associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome in nearly 50% of cases that harbored STK11 alterations in all tested (n=21). The patients ranged from 17 to 66 years (median=39 y) and the tumors from 4.5 to 25.5 cm (median=11 cm). Most (n=18) were paratubal, wi th metastases noted in 11/22 (50%) and recurrences in 12/15 (80%). Morphologically, they were characterized by interanastomosing cords and trabeculae of predominantly epithelioid cells, set in a variably prominent myxoid to focally edematous stroma, that often merged to form tubular, cystic, cribriform, and microacinar formations, reminiscent of salivary gland-type tumors. The tumor cells were uniformly atypical, often with prominent nucleoli and a variable mitotic index (median=9/10 HPFs). The tumors were usually positive to a variable extent for epithelial (CAM5.2, AE1/AE3, cytokeratin 7), sex cord (calretinin, inhibin, WT1), and mesothelial (calretinin, D2-40) markers, as well as hormone receptors. PAX8, SF1, and GATA-3 were rarely positive, while claudin-4, FOXL2, and TTF-1 were consistently negative. All sequenced tumors (n=21) harbored alterations in STK11, often with a loss of heterozygosity event. There were no other recurrently mutated genes. Recurrent copy number alterat ions included loss of 1p and 11q, and gain of 1q, 15q, and 15p. Despite an extensive morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular evaluation, we are unable to determine with certainty the histogenesis of this unique tumor. Wolffian, sex cord stromal, epithelial, and mesothelial origins were considered. We propose the term STK11 adnexal tumor to describe this novel entity and emphasize the importance of genetic counseling in these patients as a significant number of neoplasms occur in association with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Conflicts of Interest and Source of Funding: B.W. was funded in part by Breast Cancer Research Foundation, Cycle for Survival and Stand Up To Cancer grants. Research reported in this publication was supported in part by a Cancer Center Support Grant of the NIH/NCI (Grant No. P30CA008748; MSKCC). The authors have disclosed that they have no significant relationships with, or financial interest in, any commercial companies pertaining to this article. Correspondence: Jennifer A. Bennett, MD, Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC6101, Chicago, IL 60637 (e-mail: jabennett@bsd.uchicago.edu). Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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OGT-rearranged Acral Mesenchymal Neoplasms: An Emerging Entity With an Expanding Pathologic and Molecular Spectrum

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No abstract available
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