Analysis of the arriving-angle structure of the forward scattered wave on a vertical array in shallow water

The arriving-angle structure for the forward scattered wave on a vertical line array is obtained upon a modified scattering model in the Pekeris waveguide. The structure is investigated and interpreted by the array invariant theory combined with target induced modal coupling effect. Compared with that of the direct blast, the arriving-angle structure of the forward scattering wave owns multi-striations as well as an increased vertical array invariant. The forward scattered angle structure is dependent on the target position on the source–receiver line. Simulations indicate a potential separation for the forward scattered wave overwhelmed by the direct blast.

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Amplitude modulation detection with concurrent frequency modulation

Human speech consists of concomitant temporal modulations in amplitude and frequency that are crucial for speech perception. In this study, amplitude modulation (AM) detection thresholds were measured for 550 and 5000 Hz carriers with and without concurrent frequency modulation (FM), at AM rates crucial for speech perception. Results indicate that adding 40 Hz FM interferes with AM detection, more so for 5000 Hz carrier and for frequency deviations exceeding the critical bandwidth of the carrier frequency. These findings suggest that future cochlear implant processors, encoding speech fine-structures may consider limiting the FM to narrow bandwidth and to low frequencies.

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Toward ocean attenuation tomography: Determining acoustic volume attenuation coefficients in seawater using eigenray amplitudes

A deep-water experiment in the Pacific made in situ measurements of the volume attenuation coefficients of sea water in the mid-frequency range. The frequency, temperature, salinity, pH, and pressure dependent seawater attenuation coefficients were determined using a vertical line array that received and identified over 2000 unique paths from 1200 mid-frequency 3–9 kHz LFM source transmissions at a convergence zone range and depth up to 400 m. The results show no change in attenuation coefficients in this band compared to estimates from 30-year-old models previously determined from a combination of long-range ocean acoustic and laboratory experiments. The inversion also explores the feasibility of ocean acoustic attenuation tomography to further separate the depth-dependent chemical components responsible for the total attenuation loss through by isolating a group of deep-water refracting acoustic paths.

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Coastal sound-field change due to typhoon-induced sediment warming

Typhoon induced sediment warming has been proven important to coastal sound-field change in this study. It was observed that the temperature of the bottom waters off the coast of Qingdao increased by 5 °C after the passage of typhoon Damrey in 2012. Sediment warming due to bottom-water temperature increase was calculated and the change in sediment sound speed was estimated. Transmission loss (TL) was simulated both with and without consideration of the change in sediment sound speed induced by temperature variation and results showed TL change could be >10 dB within a distance of 16 km.

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Long-Term Changes in Femoral Anteversion and Hip Rotation Following Femoral Derotational Osteotomy in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Publication date: Available online 8 September 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Elizabeth Boyer, Tom F. Novacheck, Adam Rozumalski, Michael H. Schwartz
BackgroundExcessive femoral anteversion is common in cerebral palsy (CP), is often associated with internal hip rotation during gait, and is frequently treated with a femoral derotational osteotomy (FDO). Concerns exist regarding long-term maintenance of surgical outcomes. Past studies report varying rates of recurrence, but none have employed a control group.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis examining long-term (∼5 years) changes in anteversion and hip rotation following FDO in children with CP. We included a control group that was matched for age and exhibited excessive anteversion (>30°) but did not undergo an FDO. Anteversion, mean stance hip rotation, and rates of problematic remodeling and recurrence were assessed (>15° change and final level outside of normal limits).ResultsThe control group was reasonably well matched, but exhibited 9° less anteversion and 3° less internal hip rotation at the pre time point. At a five year follow-up, the FDO group had less anteversion than the control group (20° vs. 35°, p<0.05). The mean stance phase hip rotation did not differ between the groups (4° vs. 5°, p=0.17). Over one third of limbs remained excessively internal in both groups (FDO: 34%, Control: 37%). Rates of problematic recurrence and remodeling were low (0%–11%).ConclusionsAn FDO is an effective way to correct anteversion in children with CP. Long-term hip rotation is not fully corrected by the procedure, and is not superior to a reasonably well matched control group. Rates of problematic recurrence and remodeling are low, and do not differ between the groups.



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Do Fitness and Fatigue Affect Gait Biomechanics in Overweight and Obese Children?

Publication date: Available online 8 September 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Bhupinder Singh, Megan G. Negatu, Shelby L. Francis, Kathleen F. Janz, H. John Yack
The purpose of this study was to determine how an overweight or obese child’s cardiorespiratory fitness level and a state of fatigue affect gait biomechanics.MethodsUsing a three-dimensional motion analysis system, twenty-nine (female and male) overweight and obese children aged 8-11 years walked on force plates before and after being fatigued from the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) protocol. Joint moments were calculated for the knee and hip in the frontal and sagittal planes.ResultsIn a non-fatigued state, peak hip and knee adductor moments showed a negative relationship with cardiorespiratory fitness level (R²=0.26, 0.26). After the subjects were fatigued, peak hip extensor (p=0.02), peak knee extensor moments (p=0.02) and peak knee adductor moments (p=0.01) showed a significant increase.ConclusionThis trend illustrates that as an overweight or obese individual’s fitness improves, the lower limb joint moments in the frontal plane decrease when walking. However, with the introduction of cardiorespiratory fatigue, lower limb joint moments tend to increase in the frontal and sagittal planes. Increased joint stress may have potential implications for obese children performing physical activity, as well as for clinicians who are attempting to intervene in the cycle of obesity.



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Long-Term Changes in Femoral Anteversion and Hip Rotation Following Femoral Derotational Osteotomy in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Publication date: Available online 8 September 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Elizabeth Boyer, Tom F. Novacheck, Adam Rozumalski, Michael H. Schwartz
BackgroundExcessive femoral anteversion is common in cerebral palsy (CP), is often associated with internal hip rotation during gait, and is frequently treated with a femoral derotational osteotomy (FDO). Concerns exist regarding long-term maintenance of surgical outcomes. Past studies report varying rates of recurrence, but none have employed a control group.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis examining long-term (∼5 years) changes in anteversion and hip rotation following FDO in children with CP. We included a control group that was matched for age and exhibited excessive anteversion (>30°) but did not undergo an FDO. Anteversion, mean stance hip rotation, and rates of problematic remodeling and recurrence were assessed (>15° change and final level outside of normal limits).ResultsThe control group was reasonably well matched, but exhibited 9° less anteversion and 3° less internal hip rotation at the pre time point. At a five year follow-up, the FDO group had less anteversion than the control group (20° vs. 35°, p<0.05). The mean stance phase hip rotation did not differ between the groups (4° vs. 5°, p=0.17). Over one third of limbs remained excessively internal in both groups (FDO: 34%, Control: 37%). Rates of problematic recurrence and remodeling were low (0%–11%).ConclusionsAn FDO is an effective way to correct anteversion in children with CP. Long-term hip rotation is not fully corrected by the procedure, and is not superior to a reasonably well matched control group. Rates of problematic recurrence and remodeling are low, and do not differ between the groups.



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Do Fitness and Fatigue Affect Gait Biomechanics in Overweight and Obese Children?

Publication date: Available online 8 September 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Bhupinder Singh, Megan G. Negatu, Shelby L. Francis, Kathleen F. Janz, H. John Yack
The purpose of this study was to determine how an overweight or obese child’s cardiorespiratory fitness level and a state of fatigue affect gait biomechanics.MethodsUsing a three-dimensional motion analysis system, twenty-nine (female and male) overweight and obese children aged 8-11 years walked on force plates before and after being fatigued from the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) protocol. Joint moments were calculated for the knee and hip in the frontal and sagittal planes.ResultsIn a non-fatigued state, peak hip and knee adductor moments showed a negative relationship with cardiorespiratory fitness level (R²=0.26, 0.26). After the subjects were fatigued, peak hip extensor (p=0.02), peak knee extensor moments (p=0.02) and peak knee adductor moments (p=0.01) showed a significant increase.ConclusionThis trend illustrates that as an overweight or obese individual’s fitness improves, the lower limb joint moments in the frontal plane decrease when walking. However, with the introduction of cardiorespiratory fatigue, lower limb joint moments tend to increase in the frontal and sagittal planes. Increased joint stress may have potential implications for obese children performing physical activity, as well as for clinicians who are attempting to intervene in the cycle of obesity.



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Long-Term Changes in Femoral Anteversion and Hip Rotation Following Femoral Derotational Osteotomy in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Publication date: Available online 8 September 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Elizabeth Boyer, Tom F. Novacheck, Adam Rozumalski, Michael H. Schwartz
BackgroundExcessive femoral anteversion is common in cerebral palsy (CP), is often associated with internal hip rotation during gait, and is frequently treated with a femoral derotational osteotomy (FDO). Concerns exist regarding long-term maintenance of surgical outcomes. Past studies report varying rates of recurrence, but none have employed a control group.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis examining long-term (∼5 years) changes in anteversion and hip rotation following FDO in children with CP. We included a control group that was matched for age and exhibited excessive anteversion (>30°) but did not undergo an FDO. Anteversion, mean stance hip rotation, and rates of problematic remodeling and recurrence were assessed (>15° change and final level outside of normal limits).ResultsThe control group was reasonably well matched, but exhibited 9° less anteversion and 3° less internal hip rotation at the pre time point. At a five year follow-up, the FDO group had less anteversion than the control group (20° vs. 35°, p<0.05). The mean stance phase hip rotation did not differ between the groups (4° vs. 5°, p=0.17). Over one third of limbs remained excessively internal in both groups (FDO: 34%, Control: 37%). Rates of problematic recurrence and remodeling were low (0%–11%).ConclusionsAn FDO is an effective way to correct anteversion in children with CP. Long-term hip rotation is not fully corrected by the procedure, and is not superior to a reasonably well matched control group. Rates of problematic recurrence and remodeling are low, and do not differ between the groups.



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Do Fitness and Fatigue Affect Gait Biomechanics in Overweight and Obese Children?

Publication date: Available online 8 September 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Bhupinder Singh, Megan G. Negatu, Shelby L. Francis, Kathleen F. Janz, H. John Yack
The purpose of this study was to determine how an overweight or obese child’s cardiorespiratory fitness level and a state of fatigue affect gait biomechanics.MethodsUsing a three-dimensional motion analysis system, twenty-nine (female and male) overweight and obese children aged 8-11 years walked on force plates before and after being fatigued from the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) protocol. Joint moments were calculated for the knee and hip in the frontal and sagittal planes.ResultsIn a non-fatigued state, peak hip and knee adductor moments showed a negative relationship with cardiorespiratory fitness level (R²=0.26, 0.26). After the subjects were fatigued, peak hip extensor (p=0.02), peak knee extensor moments (p=0.02) and peak knee adductor moments (p=0.01) showed a significant increase.ConclusionThis trend illustrates that as an overweight or obese individual’s fitness improves, the lower limb joint moments in the frontal plane decrease when walking. However, with the introduction of cardiorespiratory fatigue, lower limb joint moments tend to increase in the frontal and sagittal planes. Increased joint stress may have potential implications for obese children performing physical activity, as well as for clinicians who are attempting to intervene in the cycle of obesity.



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Secondhand Smoke is Associated with Hearing Threshold Shifts in Obese Adults.

Secondhand Smoke is Associated with Hearing Threshold Shifts in Obese Adults.

Sci Rep. 2016;6:33071

Authors: Lin YY, Wu LW, Kao TW, Wu CJ, Yang HF, Peng TC, Lin YJ, Chen WL

Abstract
Hearing loss resulted from multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Secondhand smoke (SHS) and obesity had been reported to be related to hearing loss. This study explored the possible associations of SHS and obesity with the hearing threshold. The relations between SHS and the hearing threshold in subjects from three different body mass index classes were analyzed. Our study included data from 1,961 subjects aged 20-69 years that were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the years 1999-2004. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the subjects with the higher tertiles of serum cotinine levels tended to have higher hearing thresholds than those with the lowest tertile of serum cotinine levels (for both trends, p < 0.05). Notably, the obese subjects with the higher tertiles of serum cotinine levels had significantly higher hearing thresholds for high frequencies and low frequencies than those with the lowest tertile of serum cotinine levels (for both trends, p < 0.05). Our study showed a significant positive association between SHS exposure and hearing thresholds in the adult population, especially in obese individuals. Based on our findings, avoiding exposure to SHS, especially in obese adults, may decrease the risk of hearing loss.

PMID: 27605137 [PubMed - in process]

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Tietz/Waardenburg type 2A syndrome associated with posterior microphthalmos in two unrelated patients with novel MITF gene mutations.

Tietz/Waardenburg type 2A syndrome associated with posterior microphthalmos in two unrelated patients with novel MITF gene mutations.

Am J Med Genet A. 2016 Sep 8;

Authors: Cortés-González V, Zenteno JC, Guzmán-Sánchez M, Giordano-Herrera V, Guadarrama-Vallejo D, Ruíz-Quintero N, Villanueva-Mendoza C

Abstract
Tietz syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome type 2A are allelic conditions caused by MITF mutations. Tietz syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern and is characterized by congenital deafness and generalized skin, hair, and eye hypopigmentation, while Waardenburg syndrome type 2A typically includes variable degrees of sensorineural hearing loss and patches of de-pigmented skin, hair, and irides. In this paper, we report two unrelated families with MITF mutations. The first family showed an autosomal dominant pattern and variable expressivity. The second patient was isolated. MITF gene analysis in the first family demonstrated a c.648A>C heterozygous mutation in exon 8 c.648A>C; p. (R216S), while in the isolated patient, an apparently de novo heterozygous c.1183_1184insG truncating mutation was demonstrated in exon 10. All patients except one had bilateral reduced ocular anteroposterior axial length and a high hyperopic refractive error corresponding to posterior microphthalmos, features that have not been described as part of the disease. Our results suggest that posterior microphthalmos might be part of the clinical characteristics of Tietz/Waardenburg syndrome type 2A and expand both the clinical and molecular spectrum of the disease. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

PMID: 27604145 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Perspectiva de las prácticas de atención temprana centradas en la familia desde la logopedia

Publication date: Available online 7 September 2016
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Claudia Tatiana Escorcia Mora, Francisco Alberto García Sánchez, Noelia Orcajada Sánchez, María Cristina Sánchez López
En España, en los últimos años, la atención temprana está viviendo un proceso de transformación. Se empiezan a conocer experiencias que van haciendo la transición desde un modelo de intervención ambulatorio, clínico, centrado fundamentalmente en el niño, a uno más social, en el cual la familia y el entorno cobran especial relevancia y protagonismo.En este proceso de cambio los logopedas tienen un papel relevante. Por un lado, por el mero hecho de ser parte integrante de los equipos de intervención. Por otro, por ser los responsables de velar por el desarrollo de capacidades fundamentales en la evolución del niño como son la comunicación, el habla y el lenguaje.Por este motivo es necesario llevar a cabo una reflexión acerca de cómo se está produciendo esta transformación de los servicios, lo que implica y cómo debe ser asumida por los logopedas.En este artículo se delimita el concepto de prácticas centradas en la familia en atención temprana, se repasan los elementos clave que las han impulsado desde su aparición, así como los componentes que las caracterizan y diferencian de otras prácticas que también pueden incluir la participación familiar. A partir de todo ello, se resalta la importancia del logopeda en los equipos transdisciplinares de atención temprana que han de desarrollar las prácticas centradas en la familia.In Spain, in recent years, early intervention is undergoing a process of transformation. Experiences begin to be known that are making the transition from a model of outpatient intervention, clinical, focused primarily on the child; towards one more social, where the family and the environment are particularly relevant and prominent.In this process of change, speech therapists play an important role. On the one hand, by the mere fact of being an integral part of the intervention teams. On the other, being responsible for ensuring the development of core competencies in the development of the child as is communication, speech and language.It is therefore necessary to carry out a reflection on how this transformation is occurring in services, what it means, and how it should be assumed by speech therapists.This article defines the concept of family-centered in Early Care Practices, outlines the key elements that have driven it since its inception, and it also reviews components that characterize and differentiate it from other practices that may also include family involvement. From all this, the importance of the speech therapist in transdisciplinary early intervention teams, where they must develop family-centered practices, is highlighted.



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Perspectiva de las prácticas de atención temprana centradas en la familia desde la logopedia

Publication date: Available online 7 September 2016
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Claudia Tatiana Escorcia Mora, Francisco Alberto García Sánchez, Noelia Orcajada Sánchez, María Cristina Sánchez López
En España, en los últimos años, la atención temprana está viviendo un proceso de transformación. Se empiezan a conocer experiencias que van haciendo la transición desde un modelo de intervención ambulatorio, clínico, centrado fundamentalmente en el niño, a uno más social, en el cual la familia y el entorno cobran especial relevancia y protagonismo.En este proceso de cambio los logopedas tienen un papel relevante. Por un lado, por el mero hecho de ser parte integrante de los equipos de intervención. Por otro, por ser los responsables de velar por el desarrollo de capacidades fundamentales en la evolución del niño como son la comunicación, el habla y el lenguaje.Por este motivo es necesario llevar a cabo una reflexión acerca de cómo se está produciendo esta transformación de los servicios, lo que implica y cómo debe ser asumida por los logopedas.En este artículo se delimita el concepto de prácticas centradas en la familia en atención temprana, se repasan los elementos clave que las han impulsado desde su aparición, así como los componentes que las caracterizan y diferencian de otras prácticas que también pueden incluir la participación familiar. A partir de todo ello, se resalta la importancia del logopeda en los equipos transdisciplinares de atención temprana que han de desarrollar las prácticas centradas en la familia.In Spain, in recent years, early intervention is undergoing a process of transformation. Experiences begin to be known that are making the transition from a model of outpatient intervention, clinical, focused primarily on the child; towards one more social, where the family and the environment are particularly relevant and prominent.In this process of change, speech therapists play an important role. On the one hand, by the mere fact of being an integral part of the intervention teams. On the other, being responsible for ensuring the development of core competencies in the development of the child as is communication, speech and language.It is therefore necessary to carry out a reflection on how this transformation is occurring in services, what it means, and how it should be assumed by speech therapists.This article defines the concept of family-centered in Early Care Practices, outlines the key elements that have driven it since its inception, and it also reviews components that characterize and differentiate it from other practices that may also include family involvement. From all this, the importance of the speech therapist in transdisciplinary early intervention teams, where they must develop family-centered practices, is highlighted.



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Perspectiva de las prácticas de atención temprana centradas en la familia desde la logopedia

Publication date: Available online 7 September 2016
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Claudia Tatiana Escorcia Mora, Francisco Alberto García Sánchez, Noelia Orcajada Sánchez, María Cristina Sánchez López
En España, en los últimos años, la atención temprana está viviendo un proceso de transformación. Se empiezan a conocer experiencias que van haciendo la transición desde un modelo de intervención ambulatorio, clínico, centrado fundamentalmente en el niño, a uno más social, en el cual la familia y el entorno cobran especial relevancia y protagonismo.En este proceso de cambio los logopedas tienen un papel relevante. Por un lado, por el mero hecho de ser parte integrante de los equipos de intervención. Por otro, por ser los responsables de velar por el desarrollo de capacidades fundamentales en la evolución del niño como son la comunicación, el habla y el lenguaje.Por este motivo es necesario llevar a cabo una reflexión acerca de cómo se está produciendo esta transformación de los servicios, lo que implica y cómo debe ser asumida por los logopedas.En este artículo se delimita el concepto de prácticas centradas en la familia en atención temprana, se repasan los elementos clave que las han impulsado desde su aparición, así como los componentes que las caracterizan y diferencian de otras prácticas que también pueden incluir la participación familiar. A partir de todo ello, se resalta la importancia del logopeda en los equipos transdisciplinares de atención temprana que han de desarrollar las prácticas centradas en la familia.In Spain, in recent years, early intervention is undergoing a process of transformation. Experiences begin to be known that are making the transition from a model of outpatient intervention, clinical, focused primarily on the child; towards one more social, where the family and the environment are particularly relevant and prominent.In this process of change, speech therapists play an important role. On the one hand, by the mere fact of being an integral part of the intervention teams. On the other, being responsible for ensuring the development of core competencies in the development of the child as is communication, speech and language.It is therefore necessary to carry out a reflection on how this transformation is occurring in services, what it means, and how it should be assumed by speech therapists.This article defines the concept of family-centered in Early Care Practices, outlines the key elements that have driven it since its inception, and it also reviews components that characterize and differentiate it from other practices that may also include family involvement. From all this, the importance of the speech therapist in transdisciplinary early intervention teams, where they must develop family-centered practices, is highlighted.



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Post Hybrid Cochlear Implant Hearing Loss and Endolymphatic Hydrops.

Objective: To evaluate for potential causes of delayed loss of residual hearing that variably occurs with hybrid cochlear implants. Study Design: Histopathological evaluation of 29 human temporal bone (HTB) with cochlear implant (CI). Setting: The Neurotology and House HTB Laboratory of UCLA (House-UCLA). Subjects and Methods: HTB from CI patients from the House-UCLA HTB Laboratory (n = 28) and one courtesy of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (MEEI). Histopathological analysis to identify the location of cochleostomy, fibrosis, and bone formation in the scala vestibuli and tympani, and endolymphatic hydrops. Spiral ganglion neuron counts were obtained. Statistical analysis compared presence of cochleostomy and location with the histopathological findings. Results: Seventeen of 29 bones with fibrosis in the scala vestibule (SV) and tympani had evidence of a cochleostomy involving the SV containing the ductus reunions, all of which had hydrops. Ten of 11 bones had no SV fibrosis, and a cochleostomy limited to the scala tympani, of which all had no hydrops. One HTB had moderate SV fibrosis not involving the ductus reuniens, and was without hydrops. One HTB had a SV cochleostomy but the electrode ruptured Reissner's membrane, and was without hydrops. Cochleostomy was significantly associated with SV fibrosis and hydrops (p

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A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Behavioral Voice Therapy for Dysphonia Related to Prematurity of Birth

Publication date: Available online 8 September 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Victoria Reynolds, Suzanne Meldrum, Karen Simmer, Shyan Vijayasekaran, Noel French
ObjectivesDysphonia is a potential complication of prematurity. Preterm children may sustain iatrogenic laryngeal damage from medical intervention in the neonatal period, and further, adopt compensatory, maladaptive voicing behaviors. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effects of a voice therapy protocol on voice quality in school-aged, very preterm (VP) children.MethodsTwenty-seven VP children with dysphonia were randomized to an immediate intervention group (n = 7) or a delayed-intervention, waiting list control group (n = 14). Following analysis of these data, a secondary analysis was conducted on the pooled intervention data (n = 21). Six participants did not complete the trial.ResultsChange to voice quality was measured via pre- and posttreatment assessments using the Consensus Auditory Perceptual Evaluation of Voice. The intervention group did not demonstrate statistically significant improvements in voice quality, whereas this was observed in the control group (P = 0.026). However, when intervention data were pooled including both the immediate and delayed groups following intervention, dysphonia severity was significantly lower (P = 0.026) in the treatment group.ConclusionsDysphonia in most VP children in this cohort was persistent. These pilot data indicate that some participants experienced acceptable voice outcomes on spontaneous recovery, whereas others demonstrated a response to behavioral intervention. Further research is needed to identify the facilitators of and barriers to intervention success, and to predict those who may experience spontaneous recovery.



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HEAD NECK

1.	ORIGINAL RESEARCH HEAD&NECK
	2016-01-01
	German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB)
2.	Head and neck cancer specialist offers us wonderful support.
	Green K 2016-08-01
	My husband Jerry was diagnosed with mouth cancer in January 2014 aged 45. A month later he went in for an operation and had a radical neck dissection. The floor of his mouth was replaced with skin from his forearm and part of his tongue was removed.
	Europe PubMed Central
3.	[Head and neck intensity-modulated radiation therapy: Normal tissues dose constraints. Pharyngeal constrictor muscles and larynx].
	Graff, P 2016-09-01
	PMID:27599684
	Science.gov (United States)
4.	[Treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma recurrences and distant metastases : Highlights of the ASCO Meeting 2016].
	Bußmann, L 2016-09-01
	PMID:27604281
	Science.gov (United States)
5.	Searching beyond the usual papillomavirus suspects in squamous carcinomas of the vulva, penis and head andneck.
	Félez-Sánchez, Marta 2016-09-01
	PMID:27600594
	Science.gov (United States)
6.	Patients' experience of temporary tracheostomy after microvascular reconstruction for cancer of the head andneck.
	Rogers SN 2016-09-01
	A temporary tracheostomy is commonly done in patients who have reconstruction after the ablation of advanced oral cancer to provide easy access to a secure airway in case a haematoma forms or the patient needs a return to theatre. Although relatively simple to do, we know little about the patients' experience, and to find out, we designed a three-stage study. First, we conducted semi-structured interviews to identify items related to the functional, emotional, and social impacts of the tracheostomy, on the ward and on removal (n=15 patients). Secondly, we used these items to develop a short, one-page questionnaire in collaboration with the Patient and Carer Support Group and Research Forum, and thirdly, we did a cross-sectional postal survey of 125 patients who had had a temporary tracheostomy as part of free tissue reconstruction between January 2013 and July 2015. Of them, 86 responded (69% response rate). Generally patients reported a negative experience. In the cross-sectional survey most responders (n=52, 60%) stated that they would "very much" avoid a tracheostomy if at all possible. The main problems concerned fear and communication, and between one-third and one-half stated that they had had "very much" or "quite a bit" of a problem in regard to choking, discomfort, attracting attention, sleeping, and general management (other than the suctioning). This feedback should form part of the information that is given to patients; it should also enable us to reflect on optimal perioperative care, and help to inform the debate about the selection criteria.
	Europe PubMed Central
7.	Patients' experience of temporary tracheostomy after microvascular reconstruction for cancer of the head andneck.
	Rogers, S N 2016-09-01
	PMID:27596013
	Science.gov (United States)
8.	Immunohistochemical pattern analysis of squamous cell carcinoma: Lung primary and metastatic tumors ofhead and neck.
	Ichinose, Junji 2016-10-01
	PMID:27597287
	Science.gov (United States)
9.	Docetaxel plus cetuximab biweekly is an active regimen for the first-line treatment of patients with recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer.
	Posch D 2016-01-01
	For patients with recurrent/metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCCHN) limited therapeutic options exist. Only a subset of patients is suitable for combination chemotherapy regimens. Biweekly docetaxel plus cetuximab might be an alternative option. Thus, we performed this retrospective analysis in unselected patients in order to investigate the efficacy and safety of this regimen. Thirty-one patients receiving off protocol docetaxel (50 mg/m(2)) plus cetuximab (500 mg/m(2)) biweekly were included. Data collection included baseline demographic, response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS) as well as toxicity. OS and PFS were 8.3 months (95% CI 4.8-11.8) and 4.0 months (95% CI 1.0-7.0), respectively. Three (9.7%) patients achieved a complete response and one patient (3.2%) a partial response. The DCR was 41.9% and we observed an ORR of 12.9%. The one-year survival rate was 25.8%. The therapy was well tolerated and the most common grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (19.4%), hypomagnesaemia (12.9%) and acne-like rash (9.7%). Biweekly cetuximab/docetaxel is an effective regimen and well tolerated in R/M SCCHN patients not suitable for platinum doublet treatment. Further evaluation of this regimen in prospective clinical trials is warranted.
	Europe PubMed Central
10.	Sperm with fibrous sheath dysplasia and anomalies in head-neck junction: focus on centriole and centrin 1.
	Moretti, E 2016-09-01
	PMID:27596234
	Science.gov (United States)
11.	T cell abundance in blood predicts acute organ toxicity in chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer.
	Beschel LM 2016-08-01
	Treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) by chemoradiotherapy (CRT) often results in high-grade acute organ toxicity (HGAOT). As these adverse effects impair the patients' quality of life and the feasibility of the planned therapy, we sought to analyze immunological parameters in tumor material and blood samples obtained from 48 HNSCC patients in order to assess the potential to predict the individual acute organ toxicity. T cells in the tumor stroma were enriched in patients developing HGAOT whereas levels of soluble factors in the plasma and gene expression in whole blood did not coincide with the occurrence of acute organ toxicity. In contrast, the frequency and absolute numbers of selected leukocyte subpopulations measured in samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) directly before the beginning of CRT were significantly different in patients with HGAOT as compared to those without. When we validated several potential markers including the abundance of T cells in a small prospective study with 16 HNSCC patients, we were able to correctly predict acute organ toxicity in up to 81% of the patients. We conclude that analysis of PBMCs by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) might be a convenient strategy to identify patients at risk of developing HGAOT caused by CRT, which might allow to adapt the treatment regimen and possibly improve disease outcome.
	Europe PubMed Central
12.	Mutational load and mutational patterns in relation to age in head and neck cancer.
	Meucci S 2016-08-01
	Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a cancer with well-defined tumor causes such as HPV infection, smoking and drinking. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HNSCC cohort we systematically studied the mutational load as well as patterns related to patient age in HNSCC. To obtain a homogenous set we excluded all patients with HPV infection as well as wild type TP53. We found that the overall mutational load is higher in patients of old age. Through unsupervised hierarchical clustering, we detected distinct mutational clusters in very young as well as very old patients. In the group of old patients, we identified four enriched pathways ("Axon Guidance", "ECM-Receptor Interaction", "Focal Adhesion" and "Notch Signaling") that are only sporadically mutated in the other age groups. Our findings indicate that the four pathways regulate cell motility, tumor invasion and angiogenesis supposedly leading to less aggressive tumors in older age patients. Importantly, we did not see a strict pattern of genes always mutated in older age but rather an accumulation of mutations in the same pathways. Our study provides indications of age-dependent differences in mutational backgrounds of tumors that might be relevant for treatment approaches of HNSCCs patients.
	Europe PubMed Central
13.	Mutational load and mutational patterns in relation to age in head and neck cancer.
	Meucci, Stefano 2016-08-16
	PMID:27596625
	Science.gov (United States)
14.	A meta-analysis of weekly cisplatin versus three weekly cisplatin chemotherapy plus concurrent radiotherapy (CRT) for advanced head and neck cancer (HNC).
	Guan, Jian 2016-09-01
	PMID:27602493
	Science.gov (United States)
15.	Chemoprevention of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) With Valproic Acid
	2016-09-05
	Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
	Science.gov (United States)
16.	Safety of drug treatments for head and neck cancer.
	Galot R 2016-08-01
	The treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and the neck depends on the disease's stage. In locally-advanced stage disease, multimodal treatment strategies, including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, give the best outcome in terms of overall survival. Those treatments are not without negligeable adverse events, which can lead to late debilitating toxicities. In recurrent/metastatic disease, not amenable to surgery or radiation therapy, palliative chemotherapy is the most appropriate treatment.This review aims to provide an overview of the safety of standard drug regimens used to treat SCCHN in daily practice, including platinum-based chemoradiation, induction chemotherapy, cetuximab and immunotherapy. The toxicities induced by single modality radiotherapy, or those resulting from surgery, are not part of the discussion.Toxicities observed with multimodal treatment of SCCHN are the highest we can tolerate in terms of treatment-related mortality, morbidity and late consequences. Patients at high risk of developing such complications should be identified upfront for optimal prevention and management. There is a medical need to identify less toxic regimens without compromising the treatment efficacy, especially for patients with Human Papilloma Virus-induced oropharyngeal cancers. Finally, it is crucial in future trials to better standardize the scales used to report treatment related adverse events.
	Europe PubMed Central
17.	Survival and Surgical Outcomes for Pediatric Head and Neck Melanoma.
	Richards, Morgan K 2016-09-01
	PMID:27607058
	Science.gov (United States)
18.	Electromyography and Mechanomyography Signals During Swallowing in Healthy Adults and Head and NeckCancer Survivors.
	Constantinescu G 2016-08-01
	Surface electromyography (sEMG) is used as an adjuvant to dysphagia therapy to demonstrate the activity of submental muscles during swallowing exercises. Mechanomyography (MMG) has been suggested as a potential superior alternative to sEMG; however, this advantage is not confirmed for signal acquired from submental muscles. This study compared the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) obtained from sEMG and MMG sensors during swallowing tasks, in healthy participants and those with a history of head and neck cancer (HNC), a population with altered anatomy and a high incidence of dysphagia. Twenty-two healthy adults and 10 adults with a history of HNC participated in this study. sEMG and MMG signals were acquired during dry, thin liquid, effortful, and Mendelsohn maneuver swallows. SNR was compared between the two sensors using repeated measures ANOVAs and subsequent planned pairwise comparisons. Test-retest measures were collected on 20 % of participants. In healthy participants, MMG SNR was higher than that of sEMG for dry [t(21) = -3.02, p = 0.007] and thin liquid swallows [t(21) = -4.24, p < 0.001]. Although a significant difference for sensor was found in HNC participants F(1,9) = 5.54, p = 0.043, planned pairwise comparisons by task revealed no statistically significant difference between the two sensors. sEMG also showed much better test-retest reliability than MMG. Biofeedback provided as an adjuvant to dysphagia therapy in patients with HNC should employ sEMG technology, as this sensor type yielded better SNR and overall test-retest reliability. Poor MMG test-retest reliability was noted in both healthy and HNC participants and may have been related to differences in sensor application.
	Europe PubMed Central
19.	[Immunotherapeutic studies of head and neck tumors : Highlights of the 2016 ASCO Annual Meeting].
	Busch, C-J 2016-09-01
	PMID:27604282
	Science.gov (United States)
20.	Dose-volume analysis of radiation-induced trismus in head and neck cancer patients.
	Gebre-Medhin M 2016-09-01
	Trismus is a treatment-related late side effect in patients treated for cancer in the head and neck region (HNC). The condition can have a considerable negative impact on nutrition, dental hygiene, ability to speak and quality of life. We have previously studied trismus within the frame of a randomized phase 3 study of HNC patients treated with mainly three-dimensional (3D) conformal radiotherapy (CRT) and found a strong association to mean radiation dose to the mastication muscles, especially the ipsilateral masseter muscle (iMAS). In the present study we have investigated trismus prevalence and risk factors in a more recent cohort of patients, treated with todays' more updated radiation techniques.Maximal interincisal distance (MID) was measured on 139 consecutive patients. Trismus was defined as MID ≤35 mm. Patient-, disease- and treatment-specific data were retrospectively recorded. Differences between groups were analyzed and mean absorbed dose to mastication structures was evaluated. Dosimetric comparisons were made between this study and our previous results.The prevalence of trismus was 24% at a median of 16 months after completion of radiotherapy. In bivariate analysis treatment technique (3DCRT vs. intensity modulated radiotherapy or helical tomotherapy), tumor site (oropharynx vs. other sites) and mean radiation doses to the ipsilateral lateral pterygoid muscle, the paired masseter muscles and the iMAS were significantly associated with MID ≤35 mm. In multivariable analysis only mean radiation dose to the iMAS was significantly associated to MID ≤35 mm.Mean radiation dose to the ipsilateral masseter muscle is an important risk factor for trismus development. Dose reduction to this structure during radiotherapy should have a potential to diminish the prevalence of trismus in this patient group.
	Europe PubMed Central

Alexandros Sfakianakis
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alsfakia@gmail.com