Balance and fear of falling in subjects with Parkinson’s disease is improved after exercises with motor complexity

Publication date: March 2018
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 61
Author(s): Carla Silva-Batista, Daniel M. Corcos, Hélcio Kanegusuku, Maria Elisa Pimentel Piemonte, Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi, Andrea C. de Lima-Pardini, Marco Túlio de Mello, Claudia L.M. Forjaz, Carlos Ugrinowitsch
Resistance training with instability (RTI) uses exercises with high motor complexity that impose high postural control and cognitive demands that may be important for improving postural instability and fear of falling in subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we hypothesized that: 1) RTI will be more effective than resistance training (RT) in improving balance (Balance Evaluation Systems Test [BESTest] and overall stability index [Biodex Balance System^®]) and fear of falling (Falls Efficacy Scale-International [FES-I] score) of subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD); and 2) changes in BESTest and FES-I after RTI will be associated with changes in cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] score – previously published) induced by RTI. Thirty-nine subjects with moderate PD were randomly assigned to a nonexercising control, RT, and RTI groups. While RT and RTI groups performed progressive RT twice a week for 12 weeks, the RTI group added progressive unstable devices to increase motor complexity of the resistance exercises. There were significant group × time interactions for BESTest, overall stability index, and FES-I scores (P < 0.05). Only RTI improved BESTest, overall stability index and FES-I scores, and RTI was more effective than RT in improving biomechanical constraints and stability in gait (BESTest sections) at post-training (P < 0.05). There were strong correlations between relative changes in BESTest and MoCA (r = 0.72, P = 0.005), and FES-I and MoCA (r = −0.75, P = 0.003) after RTI. Due to the increased motor complexity in RTI, RTI is recommended for improving balance and fear of falling, which are associated with improvement in cognitive function of PD.



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Balance and fear of falling in subjects with Parkinson’s disease is improved after exercises with motor complexity

Publication date: March 2018
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 61
Author(s): Carla Silva-Batista, Daniel M. Corcos, Hélcio Kanegusuku, Maria Elisa Pimentel Piemonte, Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi, Andrea C. de Lima-Pardini, Marco Túlio de Mello, Claudia L.M. Forjaz, Carlos Ugrinowitsch
Resistance training with instability (RTI) uses exercises with high motor complexity that impose high postural control and cognitive demands that may be important for improving postural instability and fear of falling in subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we hypothesized that: 1) RTI will be more effective than resistance training (RT) in improving balance (Balance Evaluation Systems Test [BESTest] and overall stability index [Biodex Balance System^®]) and fear of falling (Falls Efficacy Scale-International [FES-I] score) of subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD); and 2) changes in BESTest and FES-I after RTI will be associated with changes in cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] score – previously published) induced by RTI. Thirty-nine subjects with moderate PD were randomly assigned to a nonexercising control, RT, and RTI groups. While RT and RTI groups performed progressive RT twice a week for 12 weeks, the RTI group added progressive unstable devices to increase motor complexity of the resistance exercises. There were significant group × time interactions for BESTest, overall stability index, and FES-I scores (P < 0.05). Only RTI improved BESTest, overall stability index and FES-I scores, and RTI was more effective than RT in improving biomechanical constraints and stability in gait (BESTest sections) at post-training (P < 0.05). There were strong correlations between relative changes in BESTest and MoCA (r = 0.72, P = 0.005), and FES-I and MoCA (r = −0.75, P = 0.003) after RTI. Due to the increased motor complexity in RTI, RTI is recommended for improving balance and fear of falling, which are associated with improvement in cognitive function of PD.



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Balance and fear of falling in subjects with Parkinson’s disease is improved after exercises with motor complexity

Publication date: March 2018
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 61
Author(s): Carla Silva-Batista, Daniel M. Corcos, Hélcio Kanegusuku, Maria Elisa Pimentel Piemonte, Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi, Andrea C. de Lima-Pardini, Marco Túlio de Mello, Claudia L.M. Forjaz, Carlos Ugrinowitsch
Resistance training with instability (RTI) uses exercises with high motor complexity that impose high postural control and cognitive demands that may be important for improving postural instability and fear of falling in subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we hypothesized that: 1) RTI will be more effective than resistance training (RT) in improving balance (Balance Evaluation Systems Test [BESTest] and overall stability index [Biodex Balance System^®]) and fear of falling (Falls Efficacy Scale-International [FES-I] score) of subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD); and 2) changes in BESTest and FES-I after RTI will be associated with changes in cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] score – previously published) induced by RTI. Thirty-nine subjects with moderate PD were randomly assigned to a nonexercising control, RT, and RTI groups. While RT and RTI groups performed progressive RT twice a week for 12 weeks, the RTI group added progressive unstable devices to increase motor complexity of the resistance exercises. There were significant group × time interactions for BESTest, overall stability index, and FES-I scores (P < 0.05). Only RTI improved BESTest, overall stability index and FES-I scores, and RTI was more effective than RT in improving biomechanical constraints and stability in gait (BESTest sections) at post-training (P < 0.05). There were strong correlations between relative changes in BESTest and MoCA (r = 0.72, P = 0.005), and FES-I and MoCA (r = −0.75, P = 0.003) after RTI. Due to the increased motor complexity in RTI, RTI is recommended for improving balance and fear of falling, which are associated with improvement in cognitive function of PD.



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The expression of oxidative stress response genes is modulated by a combination of resveratrol and N-acetylcysteine to ameliorate ototoxicity in the rat cochlea.

The expression of oxidative stress response genes is modulated by a combination of resveratrol and N-acetylcysteine to ameliorate ototoxicity in the rat cochlea.

Hear Res. 2017 Dec 14;358:10-21

Authors: García-Alcántara F, Murillo-Cuesta S, Pulido S, Bermúdez-Muñoz JM, Martínez-Vega R, Milo M, Varela-Nieto I, Rivera T

Abstract
Aminoglycoside antibiotics are used widely in medicine despite their ototoxic side-effects. Oxidative stress and inflammation are key mechanisms determining the extent and severity of the damage. Here we evaluate the protective effect of a treatment with resveratrol plus N-acetylcysteine on the ototoxic actions of kanamycin and furosemide in the rat. Resveratrol (10 mg/kg) and N-acetylcysteine (400 mg/kg) were administered together to Wistar rats on 5 consecutive days. The second day, a concentrated solution of kanamycin and furosemide was placed on the round window to induce ototoxicity. Hearing was assessed by recording auditory brainstem responses before and 5, 16 and 23 days after the beginning of the treatment. Cochlear samples were taken at day 5 (end of the treatment) and at day 23, and targeted PCR arrays or RT-qPCR were performed to analyze oxidative balance and inflammation related genes, respectively. In addition, the cytoarchitecture and the presence of apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation markers were evaluated in cochlear sections. Results indicate that administration of resveratrol plus N-acetylcysteine reduced the threshold shifts induced by ototoxic drugs at high frequencies (≈10 dB), although this protective effect fades after the cessation of the treatment. Gene expression analysis showed that the treatment modulated the expression of genes involved in the cellular oxidative (Gpx1, Sod1, Ccs and Noxa1) and inflammatory (Il1b, Il4, Mpo and Ncf) responses to injury. Thus, co-administration of resveratrol and NAC, routinely used individually in patients, could reduce the ototoxic secondary effects of aminoglycosides.

PMID: 29304389 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Deletion of a Long-Range Dlx5 Enhancer Disrupts Inner Ear Development in Mice.

Related Articles

Deletion of a Long-Range Dlx5 Enhancer Disrupts Inner Ear Development in Mice.

Genetics. 2018 Jan 03;:

Authors: Johnson KR, Gagnon LH, Tian C, Longo-Guess CM, Low BE, Wiles MV, Kiernan AE

Abstract
Distal enhancers are thought to play important roles in the spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression during embryonic development, but few predicted enhancer elements have been shown to affect transcription of their endogenous genes or to alter phenotypes when disrupted. Here, we demonstrate that a 123.6 kb deletion within the mouse Slc25a13 gene is associated with reduced transcription of Dlx5, a gene located 660 kb away. Mice homozygous for the Slc25a13 deletion mutation (named hyperspin, hspn) have malformed inner ears and are deaf with balance defects, whereas previously reported Slc25a13 knockout mice showed no phenotypic abnormalities. Inner ears of Slc25a13hspn/hspn mice have malformations similar to those of Dlx5-/- embryos, and Dlx5 expression is severely reduced in the otocyst but not the branchial arches of Slc25a13hspn/hspn embryos, indicating that the Slc25a13hspn deletion affects otic-specific enhancers of Dlx5 In addition, transheterozygous Slc25a13+/hspn Dlx5+/- mice exhibit non-complementation with inner ear dysmorphologies similar to those of Slc25a13hspn/hspn and Dlx5-/- embryos, verifying a cis-acting effect of the Slc25a13hspn deletion on Dlx5 expression. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletions of putative enhancer elements located within the Slc25a13hspn deleted region failed to phenocopy the defects of Slc25a13hspn/hspn mice, suggesting the possibility of multiple enhancers with redundant functions. Our findings in mice suggest that analogous enhancer elements in the human SLC25A13 gene may regulate DLX5 expression and underlie the hearing loss that is associated with the SHFM1 syndrome. Slc25a13hspn/hspn mice provide a new animal model for studying long-range enhancer effects on Dlx5 expression in the developing inner ear.

PMID: 29301908 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The expression of oxidative stress response genes is modulated by a combination of resveratrol and N-acetylcysteine to ameliorate ototoxicity in the rat cochlea.

The expression of oxidative stress response genes is modulated by a combination of resveratrol and N-acetylcysteine to ameliorate ototoxicity in the rat cochlea.

Hear Res. 2017 Dec 14;358:10-21

Authors: García-Alcántara F, Murillo-Cuesta S, Pulido S, Bermúdez-Muñoz JM, Martínez-Vega R, Milo M, Varela-Nieto I, Rivera T

Abstract
Aminoglycoside antibiotics are used widely in medicine despite their ototoxic side-effects. Oxidative stress and inflammation are key mechanisms determining the extent and severity of the damage. Here we evaluate the protective effect of a treatment with resveratrol plus N-acetylcysteine on the ototoxic actions of kanamycin and furosemide in the rat. Resveratrol (10 mg/kg) and N-acetylcysteine (400 mg/kg) were administered together to Wistar rats on 5 consecutive days. The second day, a concentrated solution of kanamycin and furosemide was placed on the round window to induce ototoxicity. Hearing was assessed by recording auditory brainstem responses before and 5, 16 and 23 days after the beginning of the treatment. Cochlear samples were taken at day 5 (end of the treatment) and at day 23, and targeted PCR arrays or RT-qPCR were performed to analyze oxidative balance and inflammation related genes, respectively. In addition, the cytoarchitecture and the presence of apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation markers were evaluated in cochlear sections. Results indicate that administration of resveratrol plus N-acetylcysteine reduced the threshold shifts induced by ototoxic drugs at high frequencies (≈10 dB), although this protective effect fades after the cessation of the treatment. Gene expression analysis showed that the treatment modulated the expression of genes involved in the cellular oxidative (Gpx1, Sod1, Ccs and Noxa1) and inflammatory (Il1b, Il4, Mpo and Ncf) responses to injury. Thus, co-administration of resveratrol and NAC, routinely used individually in patients, could reduce the ototoxic secondary effects of aminoglycosides.

PMID: 29304389 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Deletion of a Long-Range Dlx5 Enhancer Disrupts Inner Ear Development in Mice.

Related Articles

Deletion of a Long-Range Dlx5 Enhancer Disrupts Inner Ear Development in Mice.

Genetics. 2018 Jan 03;:

Authors: Johnson KR, Gagnon LH, Tian C, Longo-Guess CM, Low BE, Wiles MV, Kiernan AE

Abstract
Distal enhancers are thought to play important roles in the spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression during embryonic development, but few predicted enhancer elements have been shown to affect transcription of their endogenous genes or to alter phenotypes when disrupted. Here, we demonstrate that a 123.6 kb deletion within the mouse Slc25a13 gene is associated with reduced transcription of Dlx5, a gene located 660 kb away. Mice homozygous for the Slc25a13 deletion mutation (named hyperspin, hspn) have malformed inner ears and are deaf with balance defects, whereas previously reported Slc25a13 knockout mice showed no phenotypic abnormalities. Inner ears of Slc25a13hspn/hspn mice have malformations similar to those of Dlx5-/- embryos, and Dlx5 expression is severely reduced in the otocyst but not the branchial arches of Slc25a13hspn/hspn embryos, indicating that the Slc25a13hspn deletion affects otic-specific enhancers of Dlx5 In addition, transheterozygous Slc25a13+/hspn Dlx5+/- mice exhibit non-complementation with inner ear dysmorphologies similar to those of Slc25a13hspn/hspn and Dlx5-/- embryos, verifying a cis-acting effect of the Slc25a13hspn deletion on Dlx5 expression. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletions of putative enhancer elements located within the Slc25a13hspn deleted region failed to phenocopy the defects of Slc25a13hspn/hspn mice, suggesting the possibility of multiple enhancers with redundant functions. Our findings in mice suggest that analogous enhancer elements in the human SLC25A13 gene may regulate DLX5 expression and underlie the hearing loss that is associated with the SHFM1 syndrome. Slc25a13hspn/hspn mice provide a new animal model for studying long-range enhancer effects on Dlx5 expression in the developing inner ear.

PMID: 29301908 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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