Δευτέρα 14 Νοεμβρίου 2016

Difference in Voice Problems and Noise Reports Between Teachers of Public and Private Schools in Upper Egypt

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Publication date: Available online 14 November 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Ahmed Abo-Hasseba, Teija Waaramaa, Paavo Alku, Ahmed Geneid
ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess teachers' voice symptoms and noise in schools in Upper Egypt and to study possible differences between teachers in public and private schools.Study DesignA cross-sectional analysis via questionnaire was carried out.MethodsFour schools were chosen randomly to represent primary and preparatory schools as well as public and private ones. In these schools, a total of 140 teachers participated in the study. They answered a questionnaire on vocal and throat symptoms and their effects on working and social activities, as well as levels and effects of experienced noise.ResultsOf all teachers, 47.9% reported moderate or severe dysphonia within the last 6 months, and 21.4% reported daily dysphonia. All teachers reported frequent feelings of being in noise, with 82.2% feeling it sometimes or always during the working day, resulting in a need to raise their voice. Teachers in public schools experienced more noise from nearby classes.ConclusionThe working conditions and vocal health of teachers in Upper Egypt, especially in public schools, are alarming.



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Tinnitus Composer

Have you ever been to an extremely loud live musical performance? How about a shooting range without ear protection, or to a small dance club with a blaring sound system in dire need of equalization?

If you are familiar with the experiences above, you know about that ringing feeling in your ears that seems to take a long time to dissipate. Imagine having to endure that sensation all your life, with the ringing only pausing when you are dutifully asleep or when other sounds cancel it. Such is the life of people who suffer from tinnitus, a condition that is often related to hearing loss.
Understanding Tinnitus in History

Tinnitus is not technically a disease; it is a condition that may accompany other ailments such as Ménière’s disease, a type of vertigo, chronic hearing loss, depression, recurring infections, and others.

Famous tinnitus sufferers throughout history include Charles Darwin, who methodically recorded what he thought would be approximate frequency range of the ringing in his ears. There was also Michelangelo, who used to get upset but eventually ignored the ringing. Interestingly, many musicians who learned to deal with this condition would become famous tinnitus composers.

How a Tinnitus Composer Works With Music

Ludwig van Beethoven is a classic case of tinnitus associated with depression and chronic hearing loss. Some historians believe that Beethoven may have rushed to create his most magnificent symphonies and other musical pieces before going completely deaf.

Another famous tinnitus composer is Ignaz Holzbauer who composed a magnificent opera while on the verge of total hearing loss. A young Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was impressed with that particular opera. Neil Young is a tinnitus composer who famously experimented with very loud rock creations and paid the price with diminished hearing.

Daniel Fishkin is a contemporary tinnitus composer who created the Tinnitus Suites as he succumbed to the condition in 2008. Fishkin approaches music and hearing damage in a manner that recalls Aristotle’s pondering of tinnitus: he notices how some notes and sounds can actually cut through the ringing, albeit temporarily.

In 2016, the Pew Center for Arts and Heritage supported “Composing the Tinnitus Suites: 2016,” an intriguing concert and sound installation that actually borrows elements of tinnitus to create a sound experience. The idea is to use sound and its ensuing vibrations to cut through the isolation that tinnitus and hearing loss creates.

Neuroscience researchers believe that there is a social element that can alleviate the plight of tinnitus sufferers, and Fishkin’s sound installation is living proof of this theory.



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Stem cells provide sound in vitro models for deafness

A collaboration, including researchers from Juntendo University, demonstrate differentiation from stem cells into specialised cells thought to be the most important therapeutic target for the...

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Stem cells provide sound in vitro models for deafness

A collaboration, including researchers from Juntendo University, demonstrate differentiation from stem cells into specialised cells thought to be the most important therapeutic target for the...

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Stem cells provide sound in vitro models for deafness

A collaboration, including researchers from Juntendo University, demonstrate differentiation from stem cells into specialised cells thought to be the most important therapeutic target for the...

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An upper bound for the directivity index of superdirective acoustic vector sensor arrays

Approximate analytical expressions of the white noise gain (WNG) for two superdirective acoustic vector sensor arrays are provided, which disclose the strong dependence of the tradeoff between the WNG and the directivity index (DI) on the highest order of the modes for the pattern synthesis. The considered arrays are a uniform linear array and a uniform circular array. A condition on the WNG that ensures a high array gain in the two-dimensional homogeneous and isotropic noise field is deduced. Using this condition, an upper bound on the highest order of the modes for the pattern synthesis can be derived, and hence the maximum DI can be determined. The presented results are not strictly limited to the two array geometries considered herein, and can be extended to other superdirective acoustic array designs.



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Design of arbitrary shaped pentamode acoustic cloak based on quasi-symmetric mapping gradient algorithm

Due to solid and broadband nature, pentamode acoustic cloak is more promising for engineering applications. A simple algorithm based on an elasticity equation is proposed to obtain quasi-symmetric mapping gradient and in turn the characteristic stress for arbitrary shape cloaks. A high degree of symmetry of the obtained mapping gradient and nearly perfect cloaking effect of the designed pentamode cloaks are confirmed by numerical examples. The proposed method paves the way to design more complicated transformation devices with pentamode materials.



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