Publication date: Available online 26 March 2019Source: Allergology InternationalAuthor(s): Tomoko Kobayashi, Tomonobu Ito, Chizu Egusa, Tatsuo Maeda, Namiko Abe, Yukari Okubo, Ryoji Tsuboi
Wed Mar 27, 2019 12:43
AbstractManagement algorithms are traditionally based on phenotypes of disease. In chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) the most predominant phenotyping has been of the division between "with nasal polyps" (CRSwNP) and "without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) (1). A significant proportion of the available evidence has focussed on this division (1). In the western world this classification of phenotypes roughly corresponds with the most prominent endotypes, with CRSwNP mainly being Th2 and CRSsNP more often...
Wed Mar 27, 2019 15:13
AbstractRolf M. Zinkernagel was born in 1944 and grew up in the town Riehen close to Basel as one of three children. His father was a biologist working in the pharmaceutical industry and his mother was employed as a lab technician. The young Zinkernagel finished high school education (Matura) at the mathematisch‐naturwissenschaftliches Gymnasium in Basel in 1962.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Wed Mar 27, 2019 14:30
AbstractBackgroundThe vagus nerve has emerged as an important modulator of the intestinal immune system. Its anti‐inflammatory properties have been previously shown in innate and Th1/Th17 predominant inflammatory models. To what extent the vagus nerve is of importance in Th2 inflammatory responses like food allergy is still unclear. In this study we therefor aimed to investigate the effect of vagotomy (VGX) and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), on the development and severity of experimental...
Thu Mar 21, 2019 21:36
AbstractIn formula‐fed infants, extensively hydrolyzed formula (EHF) is considered the first‐line treatment of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA).1 The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) defines an EHF to be 'hypoallergenic' if at least 90% of infants with CMPA tolerate it under double‐blind, placebo‐controlled conditions.2 The protein hydrolysis process for EHF has traditionally involved the use of porcine pancreatic enzymes.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Thu Mar 21, 2019 20:13
AbstractThe current edition of Allergy contains a report of 18 food allergy deaths from the French Anaphylaxis Vigilance Network (AVN) from 2002‐20181. The AVN maintains a database of food allergy related severe anaphylaxis formed of voluntary, structured reports of anonymous patients submitted by allergists. Therefore, no population estimates can be made, but important cases can be revealed.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Wed Mar 20, 2019 20:39
AbstractInnate immune system quickly responds to invasion of microbes and foreign substances through the extracellular and intracellular sensing receptors, which recognize distinctive molecular and structural patterns. The recognition of innate immune receptors leads to the induction of inflammatory and adaptive immune responses by activating downstream signaling pathways. Allergy is an immune‐related disease and results from a hypersensitive immune response to harmless substances in the...
Tue Mar 19, 2019 18:09
AbstractBackgroundFive to ten percent of the population in affluent countries are allergic to dog. Diagnosis and treatment is based on allergen extracts from natural sources where composition and concentration are poorly defined.ObjectiveWe aimed to quantify six dog allergens (Can f 1‐6) in commercial skin prick test (SPT) solutions and to determine individual allergen profiles in dogs.MethodThe allergen content of SPT solutions from five vendors and allergen source material from three anatomical...
Tue Mar 19, 2019 17:51
AbstractS. aureus is being recognized as a major co‐factor in atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and asthma. The understanding of the relationship between S. aureus virulence factors and the immune system is continuously improving. Although the precise mechanism of the host's immune response adaptation to the variable secretion profile of S. aureus strains continues to be a matter of debate, an increasing number of studies have reported on...
Tue Mar 19, 2019 17:48
AbstractWhen the physician Kaj Baagøe returned to Denmark from US in 1923 and, in collaboration with the pharmacist Paul Barfod, introduced the use of allergen extracts for allergy diagnosis to the Danish medical community it was an incident that had a great impact on the life of Henning Løwenstein. It was pivotal for the establishment of a scientific allergology community and the company ALK, which later became the workplace of Henning Løwenstein for a major part of his scientific career.This...
Tue Mar 19, 2019 17:33
AbstractThe treatment and management of ocular allergy (OA) remains a major concern for different specialties, including allergists, ophthalmologists, primary care physicians, rhinologists, pediatricians, dermatologists, clinical immunologists and pharmacists. We performed a systematic review of all relevant publications in Medline, SCOPUS and WebScience including systematic reviews and meta‐analysis. Publications were considered relevant if they addressed treatments, or management strategies...
Tue Mar 19, 2019 10:39
AbstractBackgroundOver 30% of local allergic rhinitis (LAR) patients self‐report bronchial symptoms suggestive of asthma but the relationship between the allergen exposure and the bronchial symptoms has not been studied.ObjectiveTo investigate whether a bronchial counterpart of LAR exists.MethodsPatients were classified by clinical history, skin prick test/serum specific IgE (sIgE), and nasal allergen provocation test (NAPT) into the LAR, allergic rhinitis (AR) and non‐allergic rhinitis...
Mon Mar 18, 2019 15:21
AbstractAsthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent airways obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway inflammation and airway remodeling, which is often associated with allergy and allergic rhinitis. Many patients with asthma are poorly controlled by current drug treatment, particularly a subgroup of patients with difficult‐to‐treat severe asthma, characterized by chronic symptoms, severe exacerbations, progressive loss of lung function and resistance to...
Wed Mar 13, 2019 15:54
SummaryAlthough the complex disease of asthma has been defined as being heterogeneous, the extent of its endophenotypes remain unclear. The pharmacological approach to initiating treatment has, until recently, been based on disease control and severity. The introduction of antibody therapies targeting the Type2 inflammation pathway for patients with severe asthma has resulted in the recognition of an allergic and an eosinophilic phenotype, which are not mutually exclusive. Concomitantly,...
Wed Mar 13, 2019 15:49
Publication date: Available online 26 March 2019Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & ImmunologyAuthor(s): Michael Levin., Danijela Apostolovic, Tilo Biedermann, Scott P. Commins, Onyinye I. Iweala, Thomas A.E. Platts-Mills, Eleonora Savi, Marianne van Hage, Jeffrey M. WilsonAbstractGalactose alpha-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) is a carbohydrate epitope found on proteins and lipids in non-primate mammals and present in foods (particularly organ or fat-rich red meat) and medications, where it causes...
Wed Mar 27, 2019 12:43
Publication date: Available online 26 March 2019Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & ImmunologyAuthor(s): Waheeda Samady, Christopher Warren, Simran Kohli, Rohan Jain, Lucy Bilaver, Anthony J. Mancini, Ruchi Gupta
Wed Mar 27, 2019 12:43
Publication date: Available online 26 March 2019Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & ImmunologyAuthor(s): Guillermo Rodriguez-Nava, Alex M. Kesler, Ismael Carrilo-Martin, Alexei Gonzalez-Estrada
Wed Mar 27, 2019 12:43
Publication date: Available online 26 March 2019Source: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & ImmunologyAuthor(s): Mirna Chehade, Rosan Meyer, Alexia Beauregard
Wed Mar 27, 2019 12:43
Amyopathic dermatomyositis has been associated with the exposure to several drugs: the article by Jeimy et al. described the onset of this uncommon disease in a patient treated with omalizumab. Paradoxically, ...
Wed Mar 27, 2019 02:00
Prick-puncture test is the primary diagnostic modality for Immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated hypersensitivity reactions1. Allergen extracts are applied to the skin with a prick-puncture device. Wheal and flare diameters are measured fifteen minutes after application and compared with positive (histamine) and negative (saline) controls2. Although this technique is very sensitive for the diagnosis of IgE mediated hypersensitivities, it is occasionally deferred because of concerns for discomfort, particularly...
Wed Mar 27, 2019 02:00
Food allergy affects ∼8% of children and up to 5% of adults. Standard-of-care consists of food avoidance and keeping rescue epinephrine and antihistamines available.1 While oral (OIT) and/or epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT) products may receive FDA within the next 1-2 years, these require long-term compliance and are not known to lead a cure and may cause recurrent allergic reactions. A number of biologics has been used to treat atopic diseases and asthma but only few have been evaluated to date...
Wed Mar 27, 2019 02:00
Pulsus paradoxus (PP) represents an exaggeration of the normal fluctuation of left ventricular stroke volume and systolic blood pressure during the respiratory cycle.1 This physiologic phenomenon was first described by Lower in 1669 and the term pulsus paradoxus first applied by Kussmaul in 1873.2 PP measurement is recommended to identify or assess the severity of acute asthma exacerbations, tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade and other potentially life-threatening disorders.3
Wed Mar 27, 2019 02:00
The recognition that IgE, formerly known as reagin, is central to the pathogenesis of allergic disease dates back nearly a century to the seminal work of Prausnitz and Kustner. By contrast, IgG4 represents an antibody subclass that is often increased in the setting of allergic disease but whose role in disease pathogenesis is less clear1. Reports in the 1980s suggested that allergen-specific IgG4 could play a role as an anaphylactic antibody, but subsequent research cast significant doubt on this...
Wed Mar 27, 2019 02:00
AbstractBackgroundPediatric obesity‐related asthma causes high disease burden, is associated with metabolic abnormalities, has few therapeutic options, and disproportionately affects urban minority children. Although poor diet quality is linked to asthma, the association of nutritional status with disease burden among children with obesity‐related asthma is not well understood.ObjectiveTo quantify nutritional status, defined as concentrations of serum carotenoids and n‐3 fatty acids, and...
Mon Mar 25, 2019 21:37
AbstractAsthma is a clinical syndrome which manifests symptoms of variable wheezes, cough and breathlessness. Our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying asthma include airway inflammation, remodelling and hyper‐responsiveness but evidence is emerging suggesting cough reflex hypersensitivity may be an independent factor [1]. Cough is one of the most common symptoms in asthma and is associated with increased severity and poor prognosis [2, 3], yet tools commonly used to evaluate...
Mon Mar 25, 2019 20:48
AbstractBackgroundStudies using mouse models have revealed that mast cell progenitors are recruited from the blood circulation to the lung during acute allergic airway inflammation. The discovery of a corresponding human mast cell progenitor population in the blood has enabled to study the relation of circulating mast cell progenitors in clinical settings.ObjectivesTo explore the possible association between the frequency of mast cell progenitors in the blood circulation and allergic asthma,...
Wed Mar 20, 2019 11:09
AbstractAsthma is an obstructive airway disease that involves chronic inflammation of the bronchial mucosa. In asthmatics, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is elevated and cannot be countered effectively by antioxidant mechanisms, leading to increased oxidative stress levels compared to healthy subjects.1 ROS likely originate from inflammatory cells (eosinophils, neutrophils and macrophages) and mitochondria and their deleterious activity can result in lipid peroxidation products,...
Tue Mar 19, 2019 20:24
Evidence from observational comparative effectiveness research (CER) is ranked below that from randomized controlled trials in traditional evidence hierarchies. However, asthma observational CER studies repre...
Wed Mar 27, 2019 02:00
A Task Force was commissioned jointly by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) and the Respiratory Effectiveness Group (REG) to develop a quality assessment tool for real-life observa...
Wed Mar 27, 2019 02:00
BackgroundStaphylococcus pseudintermedius is a Gram‐positive bacteria that colonizes the skin and orifices of healthy canines and felines. It has recently been identified as a cause of sinonasal infections in humans.MethodsThis study was a retrospective review of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients with S pseudintermedius‒positive sinonasal cultures and comparison to a prospectively collected control sample of patients who underwent culture for acute exacerbation of CRS.ResultsThirty‐three...
Mon Mar 25, 2019 17:59
BackgroundSolitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) are rare epithelial cells enriched in nasal polyps and are the primary source of interleukin‐25 (IL‐25), an innate cytokine eliciting T‐helper 2 (Th2) immune response. Although it is proposed that SCCs are stimulated by antigens released by upper airway pathogens, the exogenous triggers of human SCCs remain elusive. We studied patients with noninvasive fungal rhinosinusitis to determine whether extracts of Aspergillus fumigatus and Alternaria alternata...
Wed Mar 20, 2019 12:16
BackgroundInternal carotid artery injury (ICAI) is a rare, life‐threatening complication of endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEAs). High‐fidelity simulation methods exist, but optimization of the training cohort, training paradigm, and costs of simulation training remain unknown.MethodsUsing our previously validated, high‐fidelity, perfused‐cadaver model, participants attempted to manage a simulated ICAI. After a brief instructional video and coaching, the simulation was repeated. Training...
Mon Mar 18, 2019 20:54
BackgroundPreserving the L‐shaped strut during septoplasty is a crucial step in the prevention of several types of postoperative nasal deformities. In this study, we aimed to identify the intranasal anatomic landmarks to establish reliable and feasible measurements to preserve an adequate L‐strut during an endoscopic septoplasty.MethodsA prospective study was conducted on 20 cadaver heads. Three measurements were studied within each side of the nasal cavity. The dorsal strut (DS) was measured...
Mon Mar 18, 2019 19:43
Sox17 expression in endothelial cells is regulated by IL-33 and is involved in the development of allergic airway inflammation by promoting inflammatory DCs and monocytes homing into the lungs of mice.
Wed Mar 27, 2019 02:00
Hairless mice have countless mast cells (MCs) in the skin and a more gram positive microbiome (GPM). MC number normalizes when TLR2, a GPM sensor, is deleted, proving a connection between hair-loss, GPM and MCs.
Wed Mar 27, 2019 02:00
This study advances asthma stratification, shows that further stratification based on granulocyte counts is possible, points to novel mechanisms and identifies candidate biomarkers for use in research and clinical practice.
Wed Mar 27, 2019 02:00
