Κυριακή 19 Φεβρουαρίου 2023

Multifunctional Two-Dimensional Bi2Se3 Nanodiscs for Anti-Inflammatory Therapy of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

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Publication date: Available online 17 February 2023

Source: Acta Biomaterialia

Author(s): Cong Zhang, Qingrong Li, Jie Shan, Jianghao Xing, Xiaoyan Liu, Yan Ma, Haisheng Qian, Xulin Chen, Xianwen Wang, Lian-Ming Wu, Yue Yu
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Xenogeneic collagen matrix versus connective tissue graft for soft tissue augmentation at immediately placed implants: a prospective clinical trial

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The advantages of immediate implant placement for patients include a reduced number of surgical procedures and a shorter overall treatment time. Disadvantages include a higher risk of aesthetic complications. The aim of this study was to compare xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM) versus a subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) used for soft tissue augmentation in combination with immediate implant placement without provisionalization. Forty-eight patients requiring a single implant-supported rehabilitation were selected and assigned to one of two surgical procedures: immediate implant with SCTG (SCTG group) or immediate implant with XCM (XCM group). (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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Recombinant measles virus encoding the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 efficiently induces Th1 responses and neutralizing antibodies that block SARS-CoV-2 variants

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via Vaccine

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In this study, we developed a recombinant MeV expressing the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (rMeV-S) and tested its efficacy using mouse and hamster models. In hCD46Tg mice, two-dose rMeV-S vaccination induced higher Th1 secretion and humoral responses than one-dose vaccination. Interestingly, neutralizing antibodies induced by one-dose and two-dose rMeV-S immunization effectively blocked the entry of the α, β, γ, and δ variants of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, two-dose rMeV-S immunization provided complete protection against SARS-CoV-2 in the hamster model. These results suggest the potential of rMeV-S as a vaccine candidate for targeting SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.PMID:3679 2434 | DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.005 (Source: Vaccine)
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Πέμπτη 16 Φεβρουαρίου 2023

In vivo PIWI slicing in mouse testes deviates from rules established in vitro [LETTER TO THE EDITOR]

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Argonautes are small RNA-binding proteins, with some having small RNA-guided endonuclease (slicer) activity that cleaves target nucleic acids. One cardinal rule that is structurally defined is the inability of slicers to cleave target RNAs when nucleotide mismatches exist between the paired small RNA and the target at the cleavage site. Animal-specific PIWI clade Argonautes associate with PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) to silence transposable elements in the gonads, and this is essential for fertility. We previously demonstrated that purified endogenous mouse MIWI fails to cleave mismatched targets in vitro. Surprisingly, here we find using knock-in mouse models that target sites with cleavage-site mismatches at the 10th and 11th piRNA nucleotides are precisely sliced in vivo. This is identical to the slicing outcome in knock-in mice where targets are base-paired perfectly with the piRNA. Additionally, we find that pachytene piRNA-guided slicing in both these situations failed to initiate phased piRNA production from the specific target mRNA we studied. Instead, the two slicer cleavage fragments were retained in PIWI proteins as pre-piRNA and 17–19 nt by-product fragments. Our results indicate that PIWI slicing rules established in vitro are not respected in vivo, and that all targets of PIWI slicing are not substrates for piRNA biogenesis.
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Incidence of Postoperative CSF Leaks in Class III Obese Patients Undergoing Middle Cranial Fossa Approach for Spontaneous CSF Leak Repair

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imageObjective To determine the safety and effectiveness of the middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach for spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak (sCSF-L) repair in class III obese patients. To also assess the need for prophylactic lumbar drain (LD) placement in this patient population. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary Academic Center. Patients All patients older than 18 years undergoing sCSF-L repair with an MCF approach. Intervention An MCF craniotomy for sCSF-L repair. Main outcome measure Rate of complications and postoperative leaks. Results There were no perioperative complications in 78.9% (56/71) of cases. The surgical complication rate was 12.5% (2/16), 10% (2/20), and 22.2% (6/27) in class I, class II, and class III obese patients. There was no statistically significant difference in complications among these three groups. The most common postoperative complication was a persistent CSF leak in the acute postoperative period with an overall rate of 9.9% (7/71) with six of the seven patients requiring postoperative LD placement. The percentage of postoperative CSF leaks in nonobese, class I, class II, and class III patients were 25% (2/8), 12.5% (2/16), 0% (0/20), and 11.1% (3/27), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of postoperative CSF leaks among the four groups (chi-square, p = 0.48). In all cases, the acute postoperative CSF leaks resolved in the long term and did not require further surgical repair. Conclusions We determine that MCF craniotomy repair for sCSF-Ls is safe in patients with class III obesity, and the incidence of postoperative CSF leaks did not vary among other obesity classes. We also find that prophylactic placement of LDs is not routinely needed in this population.
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Surface Electromyography-Based Analysis of the Lower Limb Muscle Network and Muscle Synergies at Various Gait Speeds

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Gait movement is an important activity in daily human life. The coordination of gait movement is directly affected by the cooperation and functional connectivity between muscles. However, the mechanisms of muscle operation at different gait speeds remain unclear. Therefore, this study addressed the gait speed effect on the changes in co operative modules and functional connectivity between muscles. To this end, surface electromyography (sEMG) signals were collected from eight key lower extremity muscles of twelve healthy subjects walking on a treadmill at high, middle, and low motion speeds. Nonnegative matrix factorization (NNMF) was applied to the sEMG envelope and intermuscular coherence matrix, yielding five muscle synergies. Muscle functional networks were constructed by decomposing the intermuscular coherence matrix, revealing different layers of functional muscle networks across frequencies. In addition, the coupling strength between cooperative muscles grew with gait speed. Different coordination patterns among muscles with changes in gait speed related to the neuromuscular system regulation were identified.
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Fasting Plasma Glucose Increase and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as Risk Predictors of Clinical Outcome of COVID-19 Pneumonia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes
DOI: 10.1055/a-2009-6937

Aim of the study To evaluate fasting plasma glucose (FPG) increase and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as risk predictors of severe clinical outcome of COVID-19 pneumonia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) hospitalised patients. Patients and methods Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients hospitalised between March 2020 and February 2021 were studied retrospectively. The NLR ratio at admission and FPG increase (day 7, day with maximal FPG) were evaluated in association with the clinical progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results Three hundred patients (165 men, 135 women) were included in the study. The mean age was 67.17±8.65 years. Severe COVID-19 pneumonia was diagnosed in 170 patients (56.7%). Fifty-four patients (18%) were intubated and 49 (16.3%) died. Greater increase in FPG (79.5 vs. 44.5 mg/dL for day 1–7, p<0.001; and 113.5 vs. 75 mg/dL for day 1-day with maximum glucose value, p<0.001) and higher NLR at admission (10.65 vs. 6.85) were seen in patients with need of high-flow oxygen compared to those without need, and they were associated with a higher probability of intubation and death. Conclusion FPG increase and NLR could be significant risk predictors of severe COVID-19 pneumonia in T2DM hospitalised patients.
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Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Virtual Biopsy of Common Solid Renal Masses—A Pictorial Review

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imageThe expanded application of radiologic imaging resulted in an increased incidence of renal masses in the recent decade. Clinically, it is difficult to determine the malignant potential of the renal masses, thus resulting in complex management. Image-guided biopsies are the ongoing standard of care to identify molecular variance but are limited by tumor accessibility and heterogeneity. With the evolving importance of individualized cancer therapi es, radiomics has displayed promising results in the identification of tumoral mutation status on routine imaging. This article discusses how magnetic resonance imaging features can guide a radiologist toward identifying renal mass characteristics.
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Τετάρτη 15 Φεβρουαρίου 2023

Esophageal Glomus Tumors: Rare Neoplasms with Aggressive Clinical Behavior

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Esophageal Glomus Tumors: Rare Neoplasms with Aggressive Clinical Behavior


Aims

Glomus tumors are neoplasms with perivascular smooth muscle differentiation, which rarely occur in the esophagus and may behave aggressively in this site based upon prior case reports. This study describes the clinicopathologic features of 3 esophageal glomus tumors diagnosed at 2 large academic institutions between 1984 and 2022.

Methods and Results

Three cases of esophageal glomus tumors were identified. Patients included 2 females and 1 male, with an age range of 19-65 years. All 3 tumors behaved in a malignant fashion, with metastases to various sites (lymph nodes, lung, pericardium, pleura, diaphragm, scalp). One patient developed an aorto-esophageal fistula, resulting in a fatal hemorrhage. Tumors ranged in size from 4.5 to 8.1 cm. Histologically, all tumors had a multinodular, perivascular growth pattern. The neoplasms showed varying degrees of cytologic atypia and spindling, elevated mitotic activity (2-12 mitotic figures per 10 high-power fields), and necrosis was seen in in 2 cases. All tumors expressed smooth muscle actin by immunohistochemistry, and harbored NOTCH gene alterations (MIR143::NOTCH2 fusion in 2 cases; NOTCH3 rearrangement and NOTCH1 point mutation in 1 case). An ATRX splicing mutation in exon 10 was also identified in 1 case.

Conclusions

Esophageal glomus tumors pose diagnostic challenges given their rarity at this site but can be recognized by their characteristic perivascular growth pattern, round central nuclei, and supportive ancillary studies. Given the propensity for aggressive behavior in this location, we recommend management by a multidisciplinary sarcoma team for optimal outcome.
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Investigation of Shared Genetic Risk Factors Between Parkinson's Disease and Cancers

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Abstract

Background

Epidemiological studies that examined the association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and cancers led to inconsistent results, but they face a number of methodological difficulties.

Objective

We used results from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to study the genetic correlation between PD and different cancers to identify common genetic risk factors.

Methods

We used individual data for participants of European ancestry from the Courage-PD (Comprehensive Unbiased Risk Factor Assessment for Genetics and Environment in Parkinson's Disease; PD, N = 16,519) and EPITHYR (differentiated thyroid cancer, N = 3527) consortia and summary statistics of GWASs from iPDGC (International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium; PD, N = 482,730), Melanoma Meta-Analysis Consortium (MMAC), Breast Cancer Association Consortium (breast cancer), the Prostate Cancer Association Group to Investigate Cancer Associated Alterations in the Genome (prostate cancer), International Lung Cancer Consortium (lung cancer), and Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (ovarian cancer) (N comprised between 36,017 and 228,951 for cancer GWASs). We estimated the genetic correlation between PD and cancers using linkage disequilibrium score regression. We studied the association between PD and polymorphisms associated with cancers, and vice versa, using cross-phenotypes polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses.

Results

We confirmed a previously reported positive genetic correlation of PD with melanoma (Gcorr = 0.16 [0.04; 0.28]) and reported an additional significant positive correlation of PD with prostate cancer (Gcorr = 0.11 [0.03; 0.19]). There was a significant inverse association between the PRS for ovarian cancer and PD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.89 [0.84; 0.94]). Conversely, the PRS of PD was positively associated with breast cancer (OR = 1.08 [1.06; 1.10]) and inversely associated with ovarian cancer (OR = 0.95 [0.91; 0.99]). The association between PD and ovarian cancer was mostly driven by rs183211 located in an intron of the NSF gene (17q21.31).

Conclusions

We show evidence in favor of a contribution of pleiotropic genes to the association between PD and specific cancers. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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